VIDYOTAN- 10

PAPPER PRESENTATION ON

4th GENERATION WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITED BY:
KETAN A. THOTE THIRD YEAR I.T P.R.M.I.T&R BADNERA MOBILE NO:9096312033 [email protected] SWAPNIL N. DEHANKAR THIRD YEAR I.T P.R.M.I.T&R BADNERA MOBILE NO: 9730760824 [email protected]

PROF.RAM MEGHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY&RESEARCH, BADNERA. DIST:AMRAVATI

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the challenge of evolving the core network of todays 2G and 3G networks to enable the unprecedented growth in voice and data expected with the migration to 4G wireless networks. The introduction of packet core infrastructure into digital wireless networks offers both challenges and opportunities for wireless service providers and its users . It is apparent that 3G systems, while maintaining the possible 2-Mbps data rate in the standard, will realistically achieve 384-kbps rates. To achieve the goals of true broadband cellular service, the systems have to make the leap to a fourth-generation (4G) network. 4G is intended to provide high speed, high capacity, low cost per bit, IP based services. The goal is to have data rates up to 20 Mbps, even when used in such scenarios as a vehicle traveling 200 kilometers per hour. New design techniques, however, are needed to make this happen, in terms of achieving 4G performance at a desired target of one-tenth the cost of 3G. Thats the goal of 4G. In short, Fourth Generation (4G) mobile devices and services will transform wireless communications into on-line, real-time connectivity.

INTRODUCTION :-

4G or Fourth Generation is future technology for mobile and wireless communications. It will be the successor for the 3rd Generation (3G) network technology. Currently 3G networks are under deployments. Approximately 4G deployments are expected to be seen around 2010 to 2015. At present the download speed for imode data is limited to 9.6 kbit/sec which is about 6 times slower than an ISDN (Integrated services digital network) fixed line connection. Recently, with 504i handsets the download data rate was increased 3-fold to 28.8kbps. However, in actual use the data rates are usually slower, especially in crowded areas, or when the network is "congested". For third generation mobile data rates are 384 kbps (download) maximum, typically around 200kbps, and 64kbps upload since spring 2001. Fourth generation (4G) mobile communications will have higher data transmission rates than 3G. 4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second. And in the future, low cost, high speed data will drive forward the fourth generation (4G) as short-range communication emerges. Service and application ubiquity, with a high degree of personalization and synchronization between various user appliances, will be another driver. At the same time, it is probable that the radio access network will evolve from a centralized architecture to a distributed one.

EVOLUTION:-

First generation:1G analog system for mobile communications saw two key improvements during the 1970s: the invention of the microprocessor and the digitization of the control link between the mobilephone and the cell site. AMPS ( Advance mobile phone system ) was first launched by US which is 1G mobile system. It is best on FDMA technology which allows users to make voice calls within one country. Second generation: 2G digital cellular systems were first developed at the end of the 1980s. These systems digitized not only the control link but also the voice signal. The new system provided better quality and higher capacity at lower cost to consumers. GSM (Global system for mobile communication) was the first commercially operated digital cellular system which is based on TDMA. Third generation: 3G systems promise faster communications services, including voice, fax and Internet, anytime and anywhere with seamless global roaming. ITUs IMT-2000 global standard for 3G has opened the way to enabling innovative applications and services (e.g. multimedia entertainment, infotainment and location-based services, among others). The first 3G network was deployed in Japan in 2001. 2.5G networks, such as GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) are already available in some parts of Europe. 3G technology supports 144 Kbps bandwidth, with high speed movement (e.g.vehicles), 384 Kbps (e.g.on campus) & 2 Mbps for stationary (e.g.inbuilding ) Fourth generation: At present the download speed for imode data is limited to 9.6 kbit/sec which is about 6 times slower than an ISDN (Integrated services digital network) fixed line connection. Recently, with 504i handsets the download data rate was increased 3-fold to 28.8kbps. However, in actual use the data rates are usually slower, especially in crowded areas, or when the network is "congested". For third generation mobile (3G, FOMA) data rates are 384 kbps (download) maximum, typically around 200kbps, and 64kbps upload since spring 2001. Fourth generation (4G) mobile communications will have higher data transmission rates than 3G. 4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second.

Access Technologies (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA) :Before understanding 4G, we must know what is 3G ? 3G iinitiative came from device manufactures, not from operators. In 1996 the development was initiated by Nippon Telephone & Telegraph (NTT) and Ericsson; in 1997 the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in the USA chose CDMA as a technology for 3G; in 1998 the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) did the same thing; and finally, in 1998 wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and cdma2000 were adopeted for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). W-CDMA and cdma 2000 are two major proposals for 3G. In this CDMA the information bearing signal is multiplied with another fasterate, wider bandwidth digital signal that may carry a unique orthogonal code. W-CDMA uses dedicated time division multiplexing (TDM) whereby channel estimation information is collected from another signal stream. cdma2000 uses common code division multiplexing (CDM) whereby channel estimation information can be collected with the signal stream. FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is the most common analog system. It is a technique whereby spectrum is divided up into frequencies and then assigned to users. With FDMA, only one subscriber at any given time is assigned to a channel. The channel therefore is closed to other conversations until the initial call is finished, or until it is handed-off to a different channel. A full-duplex FDMA transmission requires two channels, one for transmitting and the other for receiving. FDMA has been used for first generation analog systems. TDMA:Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) improves spectrum capacity by splitting each frequency into time slots. TDMA allows each user to access the entire radio frequency channel for the short period of a call. Other users share this same frequency channel at different time slots. The base station continually switches from user to user on the channel. TDMA is the dominant technology for the second generation mobile cellular networks. CDMA:Code Division Multiple Access is based on spread spectrum technology. Since it is suitable for encrypted transmissions, it has long been used for military purposes. CDMA increases spectrum capacity by allowing all users to occupy all channels at the same time. Transmissions are spread over the whole radio band, and each voice or data call are assigned a unique code to differentiate from the other calls carried over the same spectrum. CDMA allows for a soft handoff , which means that terminals can communicate with several base stations at the same time.

Reasons To Have 4G Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc. Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates. Global mobility and service portability. Low cost. Scalability of mobile networks. Sufficient spectrum, with associated sharing mechanisms. Coverage with two technologies: parent (2G, 3G, WiMAX) for real-time delivery, and discontinuous pico cell for high data rate delivery. Caching technology in the network and terminals. IP mobility. Multi-technology distributed architecture. Fixed-mobile convergence (for indoor service). Network selection mechanisms.

Key 4G technologies: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Software Defined Radio (SDR) . Multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO ).

New in 4G Entirely packet-switched networks. All network elements are digital. Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services at lower cost (up to 100Mbps). Tight network security. Adaptive array technology Ultra wide band technology Simulation and analysis of advanced adaptive modulations/coding schemes. Reconfigurable radio systems. Self- organising networks, end to-end mobile IP and adaptive QoS. (Quality of Service) Simulation and analysis of MIMO techniques with multi-element array antennas at both ends of the link.

Technical Comparison Between 3G and 4G Networks :TYPE Frequency band Bandwidth Data rate Access Forward error correction Switching Major Requirement Architecture Network Architecture Speeds Frequency Band Bandwidth Switching Design Basis Access Technologies Forward Error Correction Component Design IP 3G 1.8 - 2.5 GHz 5 - 20 MHz W-CDMA Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3 Circuit/packet Driving Predominantly voice driven - data was always add on Wide area cell-based 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps Dependent on country or continent (1800-2400 MHz) 5-20 MHz Circuit and Packet W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3 band adapters A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0 4G 2 - 8 GHz 5 - 20 MHz MC-CDMA or OFDM (TDMA) Concatenated coding scheme Packet

Up to 2 Mbps (384 kbps deployed) Up to 20 Mbps

Converged data and voice over IP

Optimized antenna design, multi- Smarter Antennas, software multiband and

Conclusion : 4G the new technology will increase data transmission rates (up to 200 times faster than 2G at 20 Mbit/sec). 3G data rates are currently 2 Mbit/sec, which is very fast compared to 2Gs 9.6 Kbit/sec. 4G builds on the 3G standard, although it integrates and unifies the different interfaces (W-CDMA, cdma 2000, etc.) As the advanced 4G infrastructure will be available and the inexpensive and attractive wireless,hand held devices will become popular, subscribers will begin enjoying instant wireless internet access.

Books And References Computer Networks by Andrew S Tanenbaum Computer IEEE 1997 Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks by Thiagarajan Viswanath. www.howstuffworks.com www.nortelnetworks.com www.3gnewsroom.com www.worldcom.com www.bitpipe.com www.synchrologic.com