Name-VAISHNAVI SINGH

Regno-21BIT0635

Value Added Course

Software Defined Networking

Assignment Answers- in Yellow colour

Questions

1 There are a number of new technologies that are becoming part of Service
provider solutions. To name a few: VM, Cloud, VNF, SDN, and SD-
WAN. They all have this common objectives - Choose the most
appropriate one.

A QoS and Customer Satisfaction

B Reduce Costs and drive profit through rapid service deployment
C Build larger customer base through innovative services
D Rapid Elastic service

2 The objective of Virtual Machine is to

A Offer rapid elastic scalable service
B Support multiple OS over a sinlge Physical Plaform
C Improve the utilization of abundantly present hardware
D All of the above

3 The three variations of VM are

A VM, Container, Docker
B Container, VirtualBox, VM
C Hypervisor, Container, and VM
D VM, Container, and Bare Metal

4 Why security is an important requirement with VM technology

A Because VM runs on a host platform
B Because they run on top of Hypervisor
C Because a VM shares resources with other VMs
D None of the above
5 Which one of this is an example of SaaS
A MS Office Suite
B Google Chrome
C MS Office suite 365
D Box

6 One of the lesser known Cloud service is DaaS. It stands for

A Database as a Service
B Disk Storage as a Service
C Disk as a Service
D Desktop as a Service

7 Cloud is able to offer rapid elastic SaaS using - Choose the closest one
A Auomated VM replication
B Automated virtual CPU replication
C Automated Volume allocation
D None of the above

8 Orchestration
A is used as an adverb of protocol
B is an adverb of Virtual Machines
C as an adverb of VPN
D as an adverb of service

9 Easier maintenance and improved availability are aided in cloud service

by
A VM Replication
B VM Usage based tariff
C VM Migration
D None of the above

10 OpenStack API is compatible to

A Microsoft Azure
B Amazon AWS
C Google Cloud Platform
D None of the above

11 VNF and NVF

A Are one and the same
B Different but related
C Different - no relationship between them
D None of the above
12 Which one of the following is an example of Virtual Network Function
(VNF)
A Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
B IP Layer
C TCP Layer
D Google Chrome Web Server

13 Software Defined Network (SDN) remotes

A Data Plane functions
B Management Plane functions
C Control Plane functions
D All of the above

14 The routing table is built

A by management plane
B by control plane
C by data plane
D by user

15 SDN defines an interface

A Between Switch and Management application
B Between Management and Control Plane
C Between Data Plane and Management Plane
D Between Data Plane and Control Plane

16 Are we disrupting the data plane with SDN design?

A Yes
B No

17 The standard body that is developing a reference architecture for VNF is

A IETF
B 3GPP
C ETSI
D Open Stack Foundation

18 The Lifecycle Service Orchestration (LSO) is an initiative of

A IETF
B Metro Ethernet Forum
C ETSI
D 3GPP
19 OpenStack is a
A Cloud development, Management, and Orchestration platform
B NVF development, Management, and Orchestration platform
C Service development, Management, and Orchestration platform
D All of the above

20 OpenFlow is a
A Protocol
B Open Source SDN Platform
C Open Source Controller
D None of the above

1 What is the necessity for Virtual Switch?

Virtual switches are also used to establish connections between virtual and
physical networks and to carry a VM's traffic to other VMs or a physical
network. It is the relationship between virtual switches, VMs and physical
network adapters that enables VMs to access and operate on Ethernet networks.

2 How SDN Networking Element is different from Legacy Networking

Element?
The key difference between SDN and traditional networking is
infrastructure: SDN is software-based, while traditional networking is
hardware-based. Because the control plane is software-based, SDN is much
more flexible than traditional networking.

3 SDN decouples and remotes Control plane from Data plane. What is the
impact to the Data plane due to this?

4 What are two different basic operating modes of SDN Switch?

Switch-based SDN

hybrid SDN

SDN overlay

5 How is Cloud Service related to SDN?

It provides network automation services to VNF workloads as part of our NFVI
solution. Ericsson Cloud SDN is a software-defined networking solution that
provides seamless intra-datacenter connectivity for virtual and physical,
workloads in a telecom cloud.

6 Mininet is important for the development of SDN controller, how?

Mininet is an emulator for deploying large networks on the limited resources of a
simple single Computer or Virtual Machine. Mininet has been created for enabling
research in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow. Mininet emulator allows
running unmodified code interactively on virtual hardware on a simple PC

7 How close is Mininet switch is to real switch?

Very close

8 How close is Mininet host is to real host?

All most similar

9 List some customization options of Mininet

puTTY
Xming
Wireshark

10 What does the following Mininet Command do: sudo mn --topo=single,4

--mac
Creates a network

11 The following is Mininet Python API: net.addController( 'c1', port=6633

). What does it do?

12 Give two examples of OpenFlow Reserved Ports

• All—All ports that can be used to forward a packet.
• Controller—OpenFlow controller.
• Table—Flow table.
• In port—Packet ingress port.
• Any—Generic port description.
• Local—Local CPU.
• Normal—Normal forwarding process.
• Flood—Flooding.

13 How OpenFlow Action is different from Instruction?

An Instruction may carry an Actions list to update the Action set, or be applied
immediately to the packet bypassing the Action set". In other words, when a packet
matches a particular OpenFlow flow, the switch running OpenFlow v1. 0 applies a set of
actions to the packet.

14 How OpenFlow idle_timeout is different from hard_timeout?

The idle timeout is the number of seconds after which a flow entry is removed from the flow
table and the hardware provided because no packets match it. The hard timeout is the
number of seconds after which the flow entry is removed from the flow table and the
hardware whether or not packets match it.

15 Given an example each for OpenFlow Symmetric and Asynchronous

messages

16 How Proactive Mode of SDN Switch differs from Reactive Mode?

Proactive denotes installing flow entries in network nodes before the first packet of a
new flow arrives. However, a common approach is to define flows using 5-tuples: source
and destination IP address, source and destination port, and transport layer protocol.
Reactive mode reacts to traffic, consults the OpenFlow controller and creates a rule in
the flow table based on the instruction. The problem with reactive is today's hardware
has laughable amounts of CPU in it. Think iPhone 5 or PowerPC circa 2001 amount.

17 What are the two major components of a SDN switch, what are there
roles?
A typical representation of SDN architecture comprises three layers: the application
layer, the control layer and the infrastructure layer. These layers communicate using
northbound and southbound application programming interfaces (APIs).
18 What role OpenStack can play in NFV Orchestration Framework

OpenStack is often used in conjunction with network functions virtualization (NFV)

technology in data centers to deploy cloud services, especially communications services
offered by large service providers and cloud providers. OpenStack is an open-source
virtualization platform

19 ETSI mentions orchestration of two different entities in MANO

Reference Architecture - what are they?
Open Source Mano is an ETSI-hosted initiative to develop an Open Source NFV
Management and Orchestration (MANO) software stack aligned with ETSI NFV. Two of the
key components of the ETSI NFV architectural framework are the NFV Orchestrator and
VNF Manager, known as NFV MANO.

20 What is TOSCA NFV Profile

The TOSCA NFV profile specifies a Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV)

specific data model using TOSCA language.