LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

COURSE STRUCTURE (R20) – ECE

I - SEMESTER
Contact
Course Scheme of Valuation
S.No Course Title hours/week Credits
Code
L T P CIE SEE Total
Theory Courses
1 20FE01 Professional Communication-I 2 0 0 2 30 70 100
2 20FE03 Differential Equations 2 1 0 3 30 70 100
3 20FE07 Applied Physics 2 1 0 3 30 70 100
4 20EE01 Basic Electrical Engineering 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
Electronic Devices and
5 20EC01 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
Circuits
Laboratory Courses

6 Professional Communication 0 0 2 15 35 50
20FE51 1
Skills Lab
7 20FE54 Applied Physics Lab 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50
Basic Electrical Engineering
8 20EE51 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50
Lab
Electronic Devices and
9 20EC51 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50
Circuits Lab
Total 12 2 11 19.5 210 490 700

II - SEMESTER
Contact Scheme of
hours/week Valuation
Course
S.No Course Title Credits
Code
L T P CIE SEE Total

Theory Courses
1 20FE02 Professional Communication-II 2 0 0 2 30 70 100

2 Linear Algebra and 2 1 0 30 70 100

20FE04 3
Transformation Techniques
3 20FE06 Engineering Chemistry 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

4 Programming for Problem 3 0 0 30 70 100

20CS01 3
Solving Using C
5 20EC02 Digital Logic Circuits 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
6 20MC01 Constitution of India 2 0 0 0 30 70 100
Laboratory Courses
7 20FE53 Engineering Chemistry Lab 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50

8 Programming for Problem 0 0 3 15 35 50

20CS51 1.5
Solving Using C Lab
9 20EC52 Digital Logic Circuits Lab 0 0 2 1 15 35 50
10 20ME51 Engineering Workshop 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50
Total 15 1 11 19.5 240 560 800

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

III SEMESTER
Contact Scheme of
Course hours/week Valuation
S.No Course Title Credits
code CI SE
L T P Total
E E
Theory Courses
Numerical Methods and Integral
1 20FE10 2 1 0 3 30 70 100
Calculus
2 20CS03 Data Structures 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
3 20EC03 Analog Circuit Design 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
4 20EC04 Signals and Systems 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
Random Variables and Stochastic
5 20EC05 Processes 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

Laboratory Courses
6 20CS53 Data Structures Lab 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50
7 20EC53 Analog Circuit Design Lab 0 0 2 1 15 35 50
8 20EC54 Digital System Design Lab 1 0 2 2 15 35 50
9 20ECS1 Signal Modeling and Analysis 1 0 2 2 -- 50 50
Total 16 1 9 21.5 195 505 700

IV SEMESTER
Contact Scheme of
Course hours/week Valuation
S.No Course Title Credits
code CI SE
L T P Total
E E
Theory Courses
Universal Human Values 2:
1 20HS01 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
Understanding Harmony
2 20EE09 Control Systems 2 1 0 3 30 70 100
3 20EC06 Digital Signal Processing 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
4 20EC07 Analog Communications 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
Electromagnetic Waves &
5 20EC08 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
Transmission Lines
6 20MC02 Environmental Science 2 0 0 0 30 70 100
Laboratory Courses
7 20AD53 Programming Using Python Lab 1 0 2 2 15 35 50
8 20EC55 Digital Signal Processing Lab 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50
9 20EC56 Analog Communications Lab 0 0 2 1 15 35 50
Modeling, Design And
10 20ECS2 1 0 2 2 -- 50 50
Prototyping
Total 18 1 9 21.5 225 575 800
Honors/Minor Courses 4

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

V - SEMESTER

Contact Scheme of
Course hours/week Valuation
S.No Course Title Credits
Code
L T P CIE SEE Total

Theory Courses

1 20EC09 Digital Communications 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

2 20EC10 Antennas and Wave Propagation 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

3 20EC11 Linear IC Applications 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

PROGRAM ELECTIVE – I
Electronic Measurements and
20EC12
Instrumentation
4 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
20EC13 Digital IC Design
Data Communication and Computer
20EC14
Networks
5 OPEN ELECTIVE – I 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

Laboratory Courses

6 20EC57 Digital Communications Lab 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50

7 20EC58 Linear IC Applications Lab 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50

8 20ECS3 Design and Simulation of Antennas 1 0 2 2 - 50 50

9 20PI01 Summer Internship 0 0 3 1.5 - 50 50

TOTAL 16 0 11 21.5 180 520 700

Honors/Minor Courses 4

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

VI - SEMESTER
Contact Scheme of
Course hours/week Valuation
S.No Course Title Credits
Code
L T P CIE SEE Total

Theory Courses

1 20EC15 Microprocessors and Micro controllers 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

2 20EC16 VLSI Design 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

3 20EC17 Microwave Engineering 3 0 0 3 30 70 100

PROGRAM ELECTIVE – II

20EC18 Image Processing

4 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
20EC19 Satellite Communications

20EC20 Principles of Robotic Systems

5 OPEN ELECTIVE – II 2 0 2 3 30 70 100

Laboratory Courses
Microprocessors and Micro controllers
6 20EC59 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50
Lab
7 20EC60 VLSI Design Lab 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50

8 20EC61 Microwave Engineering Lab 0 0 3 1.5 15 35 50

9 20HSS1 Soft Skills Course 1 0 2 2 - 50 50

TOTAL 15 0 13 21.5 195 505 700

Honors/Minor Courses 4

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

VII - SEMESTER
Contact Scheme of
Course hours/week Valuation
S.No Course Title Credits
Code
L T P CIE SEE Total
Theory Courses
PROGRAM ELECTIVE - III
20EC21 ASIC Design
1 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
20EC22 Advanced Digital Signal Processing
20EC23 Optical Communications
PROGRAM ELECTIVE - IV
20EC24 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
2 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
20EC25 Radar Systems
20EC26 Wireless Sensor Networks
PROGRAM ELECTIVE - V
20EC27 Low Power VLSI Design
3 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
20EC28 Biomedical Signal Processing
20EC29 Cellular & Mobile Communication
4 OPEN ELECTIVE– III 2 0 2 3 30 70 100
5 OPEN ELECTIVE– IV 2 0 2 3 30 70 100
6 20HS02 Management Science for Engineers 3 0 0 3 30 70 100
Laboratory Courses
7 20PI02 Industrial/Research Internship 3 0 0 3 - 50 50
8 20EC30 Internet of Things 1 0 2 2 - 50 50
TOTAL 20 0 6 23 180 520 700
Honors / Minor Courses 4

VIII - SEMESTER
Contact Scheme of
Course hours/week Credits Valuation
S.No Course Title
Code
L T P CIE SEE Total
Laboratory Courses
1 20PI03 Project Work 0 0 0 12 60 140 200

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

OPEN ELECTIVES

Course Code Course Name Offered to the branches

20AD81 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20AD82 Introduction to Data Science ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20AD83 Introduction to Machine Learning ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20AD84 Fundamentals of Deep Learning ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

AI&DS, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20AE81 Principles of Flight
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20AE82 Space Science
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20AE83 Aircraft Systems
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20AE84 Air Transportation Systems
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20CE81 Basics of Civil Engineering
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20CE82 Disaster Management
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20CE83 Fundamentals of Geospatial Technologies
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20CE84 Environmental Sanitation
EEE, IT & ME
20CS81 Unix and Shell Programming ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20CS82 Introduction to Algorithm Techniques ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20CS83 Principles of Computer Architecture ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20CS84 PHP Programming ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20CS85 Object Oriented Software Engineering ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EC81 Satellite Technology
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EC82 Elements of Communication Systems
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EC83 Microprocessors and Interfacing
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EC84 Analog and Digital Communications
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EC85 Systems and Signal Processing
EEE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EC86 Cellular Technology
EEE, IT & ME

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OPEN ELECTIVES

Course Code Course Name Offered to the branches

AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EE81 Linear Control Systems
ECE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EE82 Basics of Electrical Measurements
ECE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EE83 Utilization of Electrical Energy
ECE, IT & ME
AI&DS, ASE, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML),
20EE84 Electric Vehicles
ECE, IT & ME
20IT81 OOP through JAVA ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20IT82 Web Technologies using PHP ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20IT83 Mobile Application Development ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME

20IT84 Cyber Security & Digital Forensics ASE, CE, ECE, EEE, & ME
AI&DS, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20ME81 Renewable Energy Sources
EEE & IT
AI&DS, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20ME82 Robotics in Automation
EEE & IT
AI&DS, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20ME83 Operations Research Techniques
EEE & IT
AI&DS, CE, CSE, CSE(AI&ML), ECE,
20ME84 Elements of Automobile Engineering
EEE & IT

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (ISem.) 20FE01 - PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION – I 2 0 0 2

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objectives: To improve English language proficiency of the students in

various aspects like vocabulary, grammar, communication skills, listening skills, reading &
writing skills.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to

CO1 : Write sentences and paragraphs using proper grammatical structures and word
forms (Remember – L1)
CO2 : Comprehend the given text by employing suitable strategies for skimming and
scanning and draw inferences (Understand – L2)
CO3 : Write summaries of reading texts using correct tense forms & appropriate
structures (Remember – L1)
CO4 : Write Formal Letters, Memos & E-Mails (Apply – L3)
CO5 : Edit the sentences/short texts by identifying basic errors of
grammar/vocabulary/syntax (Understand – L2)

Unit - I
Exploration - ‘A Proposal to Girdle the Earth – Nellie Bly’; Reading: Skimming for main idea;
Scanning for specific information; Grammar & Vocabulary: Content Words; Function Words;
Word Forms: verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs; Nouns: Countable and Uncountable,
Singular and Plural forms; Wh - Questions; Word Order in Sentences; Writing: Paragraph
Analysis; Paragraph Writing; Punctuation and Capital Letters

Unit – II
On Campus- ‘The District School as it Was by One Who Went to it – Warren Burton’;
Reading: Identifying Sequence of Ideas; Grammar & Vocabulary: Cohesive Devices:
Linkers/Signposts/Transition signals, Synonyms, Meanings of Words/Phrases in the context;
Writing: Memo Drafting.

Unit – III
Working Together-‘The Future of Work’
Reading: Making basic inferences; Strategies to use text clues for comprehension;
Summarizing; Grammar & Vocabulary: Verbs: Tenses; Reporting Verbs for Academic
Purpose; Writing: Rephrasing what is read; Avoiding redundancies and repetitions; Abstract
Writing/ Summarizing.

Unit – IV
‘A.P.J.Abdul Kalam’; Grammar & Vocabulary: Direct & Indirect Speech; Articles and their
Omission; Writing: E-Mail Drafting.

Unit – V
‘C.V.Raman’; Grammar & Vocabulary: Subject-Verb Agreement; Prepositions; Writing:
Formal Letter Writing.

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Text Books:
1. Prabhavati. Y & et al, “English All Round – Communication Skills for Undergraduate
Learners”, Orient BlackSwan, Hyderabad, 2019.
2. “Panorama – A Course on Reading”, A collection of prose selections, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, 2016.

Reference Books:
1. Swan, M., “Practical English Usage”, Oxford University Press, 2016.
2. Kumar,S and Latha, P, “Communication Skills”, Oxford University Press, 2018.
3. Rizvi Ashraf M., “Effective Technical Communication”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New
Delhi, 2008.
4. Baradwaj Kumkum, “Professional Communication”, I.K. International Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008.
5. Wood, F.T., “Remedial English Grammar”, Macmillan, 2007.

B.Tech. (Electronics and Communication Engineering) R20 Regulations (w.e.f. 2020-21) 9|P a ge
 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (I Sem.) 20FE03 - DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2 1 0 3

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objective: The objective of this course is to introduce the first order and
higher order differential equations, functions of several variables. The students also learn
solving of first order partial differential equations.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1: Apply first order and first-degree differential equations to find orthogonal
trajectories. (Apply – L3)
CO2: Distinguish between the structure and methodology of solving higher order
differential equations with constant coefficients. (Understand – L2)
CO3: Apply various Numerical methods to solve initial value problem.(Apply – L3)
CO4: Generate the infinite series for continuous functions and investigate the functional
dependence.(Understand – L2)
CO5: Solve partial differential equations using Lagrange’s method.(Apply – L3)

UNIT –I
Differential Equations of First Order and First Degree
Differential equations of first order and first degree – Exact and Non Exact differential
Equations, Applications of differential equations – Orthogonal Trajectories.

UNIT –II
Linear Differential Equations of Higher Order
Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous Linear differential equations of second and higher order
with constant coefficients with R.H.S. functions eax, sin (ax+b), cos (ax+b), xm, eaxV(x), xV(x),
Method of variation of parameters.

UNIT – III
Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations, Solution by Taylor’s series - Picard’s
Method of successive approximations.
Euler’s Method - Runge- Kutta Methods.

UNIT –IV
Functions of several variables

Generalized Mean Value Theorem (without proof), Maclaurin’s series, Functions of several
variables, Jacobians (Cartesian and polar coordinates), Functional dependence. Maxima and
Minima of function with two variables.

UNIT – V
Partial Differential Equations
Formation of Partial Differential Equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary
functions. Solution of first order and first degree linear partial differential equation –
Lagrange’s method.

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Text Books:
1. B.S. Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 42ndEdition, Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi, 2012.
2. B. V. Ramana, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 1stEdition, TMH Publications, New
Delhi, 2010.

Reference Books:
1. M. D. Greenberg, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 2nd Edition, TMH Publications,
New Delhi,2011.
2. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8th Edition, John Wiley & sons,
New Delhi,2011.
3. W.E. Boyce and R. C. Diprima, “ Elementary Differential Equations” , 7th Edition, John
Wiley & sons, New Delhi,2011.
4. S. S. Sastry, “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis” 5th Edition, PHI Learning
Private Limited, New Delhi, 2012.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (I Sem.) 20FE07 - APPLIED PHYSICS 2 1 0 3

Pre-requisites: Nil
Course Educational Objectives: It enables the students to understand the fundamental
concepts ofoptics, quantum mechanics, free electron theory of metals, semiconductors,
dielectrics and their applications.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to,
CO1: Define the nature of interference and diffraction.(Remember – L1)
CO2: Apply the lasers and optical fibres in different fields.(Apply – L3)
CO3: Estimate the electrical conductivity of metals.(Understand – L2)
CO4: Analyze the properties of semiconducting materials.(Understand – L2)
CO5: Classify the different types of magnetic and dielectric materials.(Understand – L2)

UNIT – I
Wave Optics
Interference: Principle of super position, Conditions for Interference, Interference in thin
parallel film by reflection, Newton’s rings (reflection), working principle of Interferometer.
Diffraction: Introduction, Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit- Diffraction due to circular
aperture, Diffraction Grating- Resolving power of Grating.
UNIT – II
Lasers and optical fibers
Lasers: Introduction - Principle of laser (absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission of
radiation), Einstein Coefficients – Nd-YAG laser, Helium Neon laser- applications.
Optical Fibers: Optical Fiber principle, Structure of optical fiber, numerical aperture and
acceptance angle, types of optical fibers - applications.

UNIT – III
Principles of Quantum Mechanics &Free electron theory
Principles of quantum mechanics:de Broglie Hypothesis, Davisson - Germer experiment,
Schrodinger time independent and dependent wave equations, physical significance of the wave
function – particle in a box.

Free electron theory

Classical free electron theory- Postulates, Advantages and Draw backs, Fermi-Dirac
distribution function-Temperature dependence of Fermi- Dirac distribution function,
Classification of Solids on the basis of Band theory.

UNIT – IV
Semiconductor physics
Conductivity of Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, Drift and Diffusion Current, Einstein
relation, Hall Effect, Differences between direct and indirect Band Gap semiconductors, Solar
Cell, Applications of Solar Cells.

UNIT – V
Magnetic & Dielectricmaterials
Magnetic parameters, Classification of magnetic materials-Diamagnetic, paramagnetic and
ferromagnetic materials, Hysteresis loop, soft and hard magnetic materials, Applications of
Ferro magnetic materials
Dielectrics: polarization - Electronic and ionic polarization, orientation polarization
(Qualitative), Local field, ClaussiusMosotti equation, Applications of dielectric materials.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

TEXT BOOKS
1. V. Rajendran, “Engineering Physics”, TMH, New Delhi, 6th Edition, 2014.
2. M.N. Avadhanulu, P.G. Kshirsagar, “Engineering Physics”, S. Chand & Co.,
2ndEdition, 2014.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. M.N. Avadhanulu, TVS Arun Murthy, “Applied Physics”, S. Chand & Co.,
2ndEdition, 2007.
2. P.K. PalaniSamy, “Applied Physics”, Sci. Publ. Chennai, 4th Edition, 2016.
3. P. Sreenivasa Rao, K Muralidhar, “Applied Physics”, Him. Publi. Mumbai, 1st
Edition, 2016.
4. HitendraK Mallik , AK Singh “ Engineering Physics”, TMH, New Delhi, 1st
Edition, 2009.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (I Sem.) 20EE01 - BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 3 0 0 3

Prerequisite: Physics

COURSE OBJECTIVE: This course deals with nature of basic electrical components, analysis of
steady state and transient response of linear electrical networks. It also deals with the principle of
operation of AC and DC machines.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to
CO1: Illustrate the behavior of active and passive components, series and parallel circuits, self and
mutual inductance of magnetic circuits, network functions and two port networks using
circuit and mathematical approaches.(Understand – L2)
CO2: Interpret the working principles of AC and DC machines along with grounding and
earthling using electrical engineering fundamentals and mathematical
approaches.(Understand – L2)
CO3: Apply mesh analysis, nodal analysis and network theorems to solve the Thevinen’s voltage,
Norton’s current and maximum power transfer of the linear circuits. (Apply – L3)
CO4: Analyze the concepts of bandwidth, quality factor of series and parallel resonant circuits
using circuit and mathematical approaches.(Analyze – L4)

UNIT – I:Electrical Circuit Fundamentals

Basic definitions, Types of elements-active and passive, Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Laws-Network
reduction techniques- series, parallel, star to delta, delta to star transformations, source
transformations, mesh analysis, nodal analysis, duality and dual networks.

UNIT – II: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS & AC FUNDAMENTALS

Magnetic Circuits: Self and mutual inductance, dot convention, coefficient of coupling, analysis of
series and parallel magnetic circuits, coupled circuits.
AC Fundamentals: Peak, R.M.S, average and instantaneous values, Form factor and Peak factor for
periodic waveforms – Phase and Phase difference –Concepts of Reactance, Impedance, Susceptance
and Admittance, Real , Reactive and apparent Powers, Power Factor.

UNIT – III: NETWORK THEOREMS & RESONANCE CIRCUITS

Network Theorems (DC Networks): Superposition, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power
transfer, reciprocity and Milliman’s theorems.
Resonant circuits: Series and parallel resonant circuits, concept of band width, quality factor.

UNIT – IV: NETWORK FUNCTIONS & TWO PORT NETWORKS

Network Functions: Driving point and transfer functions, poles and zeros of network functions,
Restrictions of pole and zero locations for driving point and transfer functions.
Two-Port Networks: Z, Y, ABCD & h-parameters, Inter-relationship between parameters, Two port
network connections in series, parallel and cascaded.

UNIT – V:ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Electrical Machines: Types of Electrical Machines and their applications; Working principle of DC
machines, single phase transformer, 3-phase induction motor; EMF equation.
Electrical Safety: Definition, precautions, concepts of grounding and earthing.

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TEXT BOOKS
1. Ravish R Singh, “Network Analysis and synthesis”, Tata McGraw Hill Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi.2013
2. B.L Theraja, A.K. Theraja, “Electrical Technology in S.I. UNITS. Volume II. AC & DC
MACHINES” Published by S. Chand & Company Ltd 2016

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. M.S Naidu and S. Kamakshaiah, “Introduction to Electrical Engineering”, TMH
Publication, 3rd edition 2017.
2. A Sudhakar, Shyammohan S Palli, “Circuits and Networks, Analysis and Synthesis”,
McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd,7th Edition, New Delhi 2017.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (I Sem.) 20EC01 - ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Fundamentals of Physics.

Course Educational Objective: This course introduces the Device construction, characteristics and
applications of semiconductor devices like PN junction diode, Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), Field
Effect Transistor (FET), Metal oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and various
special devices.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Identify the types of Diodes, Transistors, FETs, Biasing techniques and their comparisons to
select the best approaches for designing the electronic circuits using Devices and
components.(Apply – L3)
CO2: Interpret the mathematical models of Currents and Voltages of Diodes, Bipolar Junction
Transistors and Field Effect Transistors and biasing of BJT and FET using fundamental
circuits.(Understand – L2)
CO3: Apply the knowledge of diodes, transistors and filters for designing the rectifiers, Filters,
Regulators and Amplifier circuits using Devices and components.(Apply – L3)
CO4: Analyze the characteristics of Diodes, Bipolar Junction Transistors, Field Effect Transistors
and their equivalent models using VI Characteristics and mathematical models.(Analyze – L4)

UNIT – I
PN Junction Diode: Qualitative theory of the p-n Junction; The Current components in a p-n Diode; The
Volt- Ampere Characteristic; Diode Capacitance- Transition Capacitance and Diffusion Capacitance.
Operation and characteristics of Zener Diode, Tunnel Diode, UJT and SCR.

UNIT – II
Diode Applications: Half wave Rectifier, Full wave Rectifiers, ripple removal using Capacitive.
Inductive, and L section Filters. Voltage Regulator using Zener diode, Clippers, and Clampers.

UNIT – III
Bipolar Junction Transistor: BJT-construction and types, different regions of operations; Transistor
Current components-Emitter Efficiency, Transport Factor, Large Signal Current Gain; Input and Output
characteristics of Transistor configurations; Relation between α , β and γ; Ebers-Moll Model.
UNIT – IV
Field Effect Transistors: Construction and Operation, classification of FET, Comparison between FET
and BJT; Drain and Transfer Characteristics of JFET and MOSFET and MOS Capacitor.
UNIT –V
BJT Biasing: Need for biasing; Operating Point, DC load line, AC load line and Stability factors S,S’
and S’’; Biasing circuits- Fixed bias, Collector to Base Bias and Self Bias; Thermal Runaway and
Thermal Stability, Bias Compensation techniques.
FET Biasing: Voltage divider bias, Small signal equivalent of FET.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Jacob Millman, Christos C Halkias, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Third edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, Publishers, New Delhi.2012
REFERENCE
1. Boylestad R.L. and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Fourth edition,
Pearson/Prentice Hall Publishers,2014.
2. Ben Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Fourth edition, Prentice
Hall Publishers,2014.
3. Thomas L. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Third edition, Pearson Education Publishers,2014.

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L T P Cr.
20FE51 - PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
B.Tech. (I Sem.) 0 0 2 1
SKILLSLAB

Pre-requisites : Nil

Course Educational Objective: To improve the proficiency of students in English with an

emphasis on better communication in formal and informal situations; Develop speaking skills
required for expressing their knowledge and abilities and to face interviews with confidence.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, the student will be able to

CO1: Introduce oneself and others using appropriate language and details (Understand – L2)
CO2: Comprehend short talks and speak clearly on a specific topic using error free
English(Understand – L2)
CO3: Report discourse. after participating in informal discussions ethically (Remember –L1)
suitableeffectively
CO4: Interpret data aptly, ethically & make oral presentations (Apply – L3)
using PPT.
Syllabus: Professional Communication Skills Lab (PCS) shall have two parts:

 Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Lab for 60 students with 60

systems, LAN facility and English language software for self- study by learners.
 Interactive Communication Skills (ICS) Lab with movable chairs and audio-visual
aids with a P.A System, a T. V., a digital stereo – audio & video system and camcorder
etc.
Exercise – I

CALL Lab: Understand - Sentence structure

ICS Lab: Practice - Listening: Identifying the topic, the context and specific information
Speaking: Introducing oneself and others

Exercise – II

CALL Lab: Understand - Framing questions

ICS Lab: Practice - Listening: Answering a series of questions about main idea and supporting
ideas after listening to audio text
Speaking: Discussing in pairs/small groups on specific topics; Delivering short structured talks
using suitable cohesive devices (JAM)

Exercise – III

CALL Lab: Understand - Comprehension practice – Strategies for Effective Communication

ICS Lab: Practice - Listening: Listening for global comprehension and summarizing
Speaking: Discussing specific topics in pairs/small groups, reporting what is discussed

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Exercise – IV

CALL Lab: Understand- Features of Good Conversation – Strategies for Effective

Communication.

ICS Lab: Practice -Listening: Making predictions while listening to

conversations/transactional dialogues with/without video
Speaking: Role – plays – formal & informal – asking for and giving information / directions /
instructions / suggestions

Exercise – V

CALL Lab: Understand - Features of Good Presentation, Methodology of Group Discussion

ICS Lab: Practice - Introduction to Group Discussions
Listening: Answering questions, identifying key terms and understanding concepts
Speaking: Formal Oral & Poster presentations on topics from academic contexts without the use
of PPT

Lab Manual:

1. Prabhavati. Y & et al, “English All Round – Communication Skills for Undergraduate
Learners”, Orient BlackSwan, Hyderabad, 2019.

Suggested Software:

1. Digital Mentor: Globarena, Hyderabad, 2005

2. Sky Pronunciation Suite: Young India Films, Chennai, 2009
3. Mastering English in Vocabulary, Grammar, Spelling, Composition, Dorling
Kindersley,USA,2001
4. Dorling Kindersley Series of Grammar, Punctuation, Composition, USA, 2001
5. Oxford Talking Dictionary, The Learning Company, USA, 2002
6. Learning to Speak English - 4 CDs. The Learning Company,USA,2002
7. Cambridge Advanced Learners English Dictionary (CD). Cambridge University Press,
New Delhi,2008.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (I Sem.) 20FE54 - APPLIED PHYSICS LAB 0 0 3 1.5

Pre-requisites:Nil

Course Educational Objective: This course enables the students to acquire theoretical ideas,
analytical techniques, and graphical analysis, by completing a host of experiments with the procedures
and observational skills for appropriate use of simple and complex apparatus.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to,

Co1: Analyze the wave characteristics of light.(Understand – L2)

Co2: Estimate the magnetic field using Stewart’s and Gee’s apparatus.(Understand – L2)
Co3: Verify the characteristics of semiconductor diodes.(Apply – L3)
Co4: Determine the acceptance angle and numerical aperture of optical fiber.(Apply – L3)
Co5: Improve report writing skills and individual teamwork with ethical values.(Understand–L2)

List of Experiments
(Any of the 10 experiments are required to be conducted)

General experiments:

1. Determine the energy band gap of a semiconductor Diode.

2. Study the characteristics of Zener Diode.
3. Study the magnetic field along the axis of a current carrying circular coil using
Stewart’s& Gee’s apparatusand to verify Biot - Savart’s law.
4. Study the characteristics of Solar cell
5. Determination of dielectric constant by charging and discharging method.
6. Study the characteristics of Photo diode.
7. Determination of resistivity of semiconductor by four probe method.

Optics lab experiments:

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8. Determine the wavelength of a laser radiation.

9. Determine the width of a single slit by forming diffraction pattern.
10. Determine the Radius of Curvature of a Plano - Convex lens by forming Newton's
Rings.
11. Determine the Wavelengths of various spectral lines by using diffraction grating.
12. Resolving power of grating.
13. Determine the acceptance angle and numerical aperture of a fiber.
14. Measure the bending losses in the optical fiber cable at different wavelengths.

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L T P Cr.
20EE51 - BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
B.Tech. (I Sem.) 0 0 3 1.5
LAB

Pre-requisites: Nil

COURSE OBJECTIVE: This is a course to expose basic circuit concepts, circuit modeling
and methods of circuit analysis in time domain and frequency domain for solving simple
circuits including DC and AC circuit theory and network theorems.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Interpret the behavior of passive components of electrical circuits, inductance of
magnetic circuits, two port networks and principle of DC machines using fundamental
electrical laws and mathematical models.(Understand – L2)
CO2: Apply Kirchhoff's laws, Network theorems to verify the linear electrical circuits using
fundamental electrical laws and mathematical equations.(Apply – L3)
CO3: Examine the active & reactive powers of single phase electrical circuits and resonant
frequency, bandwidth & quality factor of electrical circuits.(Apply – L3)
CO4: Adapt effective Communication, presentation and report writing skills.(Apply – L3)

List of Experiments
(Any of the 10 experiments are required to be conducted)

1. Identify and test passive elements in linear electrical circuits.

2. Determination of closed Loop voltages and node currents using Kirchhoff’s laws.
3. Determination of node voltages and branch currents using voltage division and current
division rules.
4. Determination of Self inductance, Mutual inductance and Coefficient coupling factor of
a Magnetic circuits.
5. Determination of Active and Reactive powers in a Single phase series R-L/R-C circuits.
6. Determination of Resonant frequency, Bandwidth and Quality factor of RLC circuits.
7. Analysis of linear circuit branch response using Superposition theorem.
8. Determination and verification of Voltage & Resistance using Thevenin’s theorems, and
current & resistance using Norton’s theorem.
9. Determination and verification of power transfer using Maximum power transfer
theorem.
10. Determination and verification of Z parameters and Y Parameters of two port network.
11. Measurement of efficiency of DC machines using Swinburne’s test.
12. Measurement of Torque, Speed and Armature current of DC shunt motor from its
characteristics.

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L T P Cr.
20EC51 - ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
B.Tech. (I Sem.) 0 0 3 1.5
LAB

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objective: This course introduces the characteristics and applications of
semiconductor devices; emphasis is placed on characteristics and testing practically to
strengthen the knowledge.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Demonstrate the characteristics of Diodes, BJT, FET, Voltage regulators, Diode
applications. (Understand – L2)
CO2: Analyze the device parameters of Diodes, Bipolar Junction Transistors, and Field Effect
Transistors for its electrical parameters using VI characteristics. (Analyze – L4)
CO3: Apply the knowledge of diodes, Capacitors and transistors for the realization of rectifiers,
regulators, Clippers and Clampers circuits. (Apply – L3)
CO4: Adapt effective Communication, presentation and report writing skills.(Apply – L3)

List of Experiments
(Any of the 10 experiments are required to be conducted)

1. Identification of components, Active and Passive Devices, Study and operation of

Regulated Power Supplies, CRO and Function generators.
2. Determination of Cut-in Voltage, Forward and Reverse resistances of PN Junction diode
using Characteristics.
3. Realization and performance evaluation of Half wave rectifier with and without
Capacitor filter.
4. Realization and performance evaluation of Full wave rectifier with and without
Capacitor filter.
5. Analysis of Transistor CB Configuration for its Input and Output resistances and
Current gains using VI Characteristics.
6. Analysis of Transistor CE Configuration for its Input and Output resistances and
Current gains using VI Characteristics.
7. Analysis of Drain and Transfer Characteristics of Field Effect Transistor for its Drain
Resistance, Transconductance and Amplification factor.
8. Determination of Breakdown voltage of Zener diode and Design of Zener Voltage
regulator.
9. Design and Realization of Series Voltage Clippers with and without bias voltage.
10. Design and Realization of Shunt Voltage Clippers with and without bias voltage.
11. Design and Realization of Voltage Clampers circuits using Diode and capacitors.
12. Realization of Voltage multiplier using Clampers.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (IISem.) 20FE02 - PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION – II 2 0 0 2

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objective: To improve English language proficiency of the students in

various aspects like vocabulary, grammar, communication skills, listening skills, reading &
writing skills.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Produce a coherent paragraph interpreting a figure/graph/chart/table (Understand –
L2)
CO2: Comprehend the given texts thoroughly by guessing the meanings of the words
contextually (Understand – L2)
CO3: Use language appropriately fordescribing /comparing/contrasting/givingdirections &
suggestions (Remember – L1)
CO4: Write formal/informal dialogues with an understanding of verbal/non-verbal features
of communication. (Understand – L2)
CO5: Write well structured essays; Reports &Résumé (Apply – L3)

UNIT - I
Fabric of Change- ‘H.G. Wells and the Uncertainties of Progress – Peter J. Bowler’; Reading:
Studying the use of Graphic elements in texts; Grammar & Vocabulary: Quantifying
Expressions; Adjectives and adverbs; Comparing and Contrasting; Degrees of Comparison;
Writing: Information Transfer

UNIT - II
Tools for Life - ‘Leaves from the Mental Portfolio of a Eurasian – Sui Sin Far’; Reading:
Global Comprehension; Detailed Comprehension; Grammar & Vocabulary: Active & Passive
Voice; Idioms & Phrases; Writing: Structured Essays using suitable claims and evidences

UNIT - III
‘Homi Jahangir Bhabha’;
Grammar & Vocabulary: Words often confused; Common Errors; Writing: Incident &
Investigation Reports

UNIT - IV
‘Jagadish Chandra Bose’; Grammar & Vocabulary: Use of Antonyms; Correction of
Sentences; Writing: Dialogue Writing

UNIT - V
‘Prafulla Chandra Ray’; Grammar & Vocabulary: Analogy; Sentence Completion; Writing:
Writing a Résumé

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Prabhavati. Y & et al, “English All Round – Communication Skills for Undergraduate
Learners”, Orient Black Swan, Hyderabad, 2019.
2 “The Great Indian Scientists” published by Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., Delhi,
2017

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Swan, M., “Practical English Usage”, Oxford University Press, 2016.
2. Kumar,S and Latha, P, “Communication Skills”, Oxford University Press, 2018.
3. Rizvi Ashraf M., “Effective Technical Communication”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New
Delhi, 2008.
4. Baradwaj Kumkum, “Professional Communication”, I.K.International Publishing House
Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, 2008.
5. Wood,F.T., “Remedial English Grammar”, Macmillan, 2007.

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L T P Cr.
20FE04 - LINEAR ALGEBRA AND
B.Tech. (II Sem.) 2 1 0 3
TRANSFORMATIONTECHNIQUES

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objective:In this course, students learn Matrix Algebra and introduced
with transformation techniques such as Laplace Transforms and Z – Transforms.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Investigate the consistency of the system of equations and solve them. (Apply – L3)
CO2: Determine the eigen vectors and inverse, powers of a matrix using Cayley-Hamilton
theorem.(Apply – L3)
CO3: Use the concepts of Laplace Transforms to various forms of functions.(Understand – L2)
CO4: Solve ordinary differential equations by using Laplace Transforms.(Apply – L3)
CO5: Apply Z - Transforms to solve difference equations.(Apply – L3)

UNIT – I
System of Linear Equations
Matrices - Rank- Echelon form, Normal form, PAQ form– Solution of Linear Systems –
Homogeneous system of equations and Non-Homogeneous system of equations.

UNIT – II
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Eigen values – Eigen Vectors – Properties – Cayley-Hamilton Theorem – Inverse and Powers
of a matrix by using Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.

UNIT – III
Laplace Transforms
Laplace transforms of standard functions –Linear Property - Shifting Theorems, Change of
Scale Property
Multiplication and Division by‘t’ - Transforms of derivatives and integrals – Unit step function
–Dirac’s delta function.

UNIT – IV
Inverse Laplace Transforms
Inverse Laplace transforms– Linear Property - Shifting Properties - Convolution theorem,
Applications of Laplace transforms to ordinary differential equations.

UNIT – V
Z-Transforms
Z-transform – properties – Damping rule – Shifting rule – Initial and final value theorems -
Inverse Z –transform - Convolution theorem – Solution of difference equation by Z-transforms.

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Text Books:
1. B.S. Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 42ndEdition, Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi, 2012.
2. B. V. Ramana, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 1stEdition, TMH Publications, New
Delhi, 2010.

Reference Books:
1. M. D. Greenberg, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 2nd Edition, TMH Publications,
New Delhi,2011.
2. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8th Edition, John Wiley & sons,
New Delhi,2011.
3. W.E. Boyce and R. C. Diprima, “Elementary Differential Equations”, 7th Edition, John
Wiley & sons, New Delhi,2011

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (IISem.) 20FE06 - ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites:Nil

Course Educational Objectives:It enables the students to understand the fundamental concepts of
chemistry and to provide them with the knowledge of industrial problems and finding the solutions.
It helps to strengthen thebasic concepts ofelectrochemistry, corrosion, nanotechnology, polymers,
liquid crystals and analytical techniques.

Course Outcomes:At the end of the course, students will be able to,
CO1: Apply Nernst Equation for calculating electrode cell potentials and compare
batteries for different applications.(Apply – L3)
CO2: Apply principles of corrosion for design and effective maintenance of various
equipment.(Apply – L3)
CO3: Analyse the suitability of advanced materials like nano materials in electronics
and medicine.(Understand – L2)
CO4: Identify the importance of liquid crystals, polymers in advanced
technologies.(Understand – L2)
CO5: Apply the principles of analytical techniques in chemical analysis.(Apply – L3)

UNIT – I
Electro Chemistry & Batteries
Types of Electrodes -Calomel Electrode, Glass Electrode,Calculation of EMF of Cell,Applications
of Nernst Equation & Electro chemical Series, Batteries -Lead-acid Battery, Lithium ion Battery, H2
– O2 Fuel Cell, Mg - Cu reserve battery.

UNIT – II
Science of Corrosion
Dry Corrosion (Direct Chemical corrosion) - Types of dry corrosion-oxidative corrosion, Pilling
Bed worth rule, corrosion by other gases and liquid metal corrosion; Wet Corrosion (Electro
Chemical corrosion) - Mechanism- oxygen absorption, hydrogen evolution, types of wet corrosion,
Galvanic Corrosion, Concentration Cell Corrosion, passivity and Galvanic series; Factors
Influencing Corrosion - Nature of metal (Purity, position in galvanic series, relative area of cathode
& anode, nature of surface film) and nature of environment (temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pollution and nature of ions in the medium); Control of Corrosion: Cathodic Protection - Sacrificial
anode and impressed current methods, electro plating and metal cladding.

UNIT – III
Chemistry of Engineering Materials
Nano Materials - Extraordinary changes observed at nano size of materials and reasons, types of
nano-materials, Gas-Phase Synthesis of nanomaterials, Applications; Materials in Electronic
devices: Very brief note on raw materials that make IC units of CPU, GPU, RAM, PCBs, hard disks
and other electronic devices with special reference to polymers;
Molecular Switches - Characteristics of Molecular motors and machines, Rotaxanes and Catenanes
as artificial molecular machines, prototypes – linear motions in rotaxanes, an acid-base controlled
molecular shuttle, molecular elevator, automated light-powered molecular motor.

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UNIT – IV
Liquid Crystals & Polymers
Liquid crystals -Identification and structural aspects of molecules to form liquid crystals;
Classification of liquid crystals - Thermo tropic liquid crystals and types, lyotropic liquid crystals.
Mechanism of working of liquid crystals and applications; Polymers - Differences between
thermoplasts and thermosets, Types of polymerization with examples; Plastics - Preparation
properties and engineering applications of P.M.M.A, Teflon, Polycarbonate; Rubbers - Structure of
raw rubber and vulcanized rubber, Preparation properties and engineering applications of
Polyurethane, Buna-S, conducting polymers; Bio-degradable polymers - PLA & PGA (Polylactic
Acid and Polyglycolic Acid).

UNIT – V
Analytical Techniques
Types of analysis; Physical analysis: Analysis of physical characteristics; Chemical analysis:
Gravimetric and volumetric analysis (basic concept only);Instrumental analysis: Electro analytical
techniques – Introduction; Conductometric techniques: strong acid-strong base and strong acid-
weak base, weak acid -strong base and weak acid -weak base & advantages; Potentiometric
techniques: Acid-base and oxidation-reduction titrations-advantages; Colorimetric techniques:
Principle and determination of iron by using thiocynate as a reagent.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Shikha Agarwal, “A Text book of Engineering Chemistry”, Cambridge University Press, New
Delhi, 1st Edition, 2015.
2. Jain, Jain, “A textbook of Engineering Chemistry”, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company, New
Delhi, 16th Edition, 2015.

REFERENCEBOOKS
1. Shashi Chawla, “A Text book of Engineering Chemistry”, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company,
New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2003.
2. S.S. Dara, S.S. Umare, “A Text book of Engineering Chemistry”, S. Chand Publications, New
Delhi, 12th Edition, 2010.
3. PrasantaRath, B. Rama Devi, Ch. VenkataRamana Reddy, SubhenduChakroborty, “Engineering
Chemistry”, Cengage Learning India, 1st Edition, 2019.

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20CS01 - PROGRAMMING FOR

L T P Cr.
PROBLEM SOLVINGUSING C
B.Tech. (II Sem.) 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objective:The Objective of the course is to make learn the basic elements
of C programming, control structures, derived data types, Modular programming, user defined
structures, basics of files and its I/O operations.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Familiar with syntax and semantics of the basic programming language
constructs.(Understand - L2)
CO2: Construct derived data types like arrays in solving a problem.(Apply - L3)
CO3: Decompose a problem into modules and reconstruct it using various ways of user-defined
functions.(Apply - L3)
CO4: Define user-defined data types like structures and unions and its applications to solve
problems.(Apply - L3)
CO5: Discuss various file I/O operations and its application.(Understand - L2)

UNIT – I
Introduction to Problem solving through C-Programming: Problem Specification,
Algorithm / pseudo code, flowchart, examples.
C-Programming: Structure of C program, identifiers, basic data types and sizes, Constants,
variables, Input-output statements, A sample c program, operators, expressions, type
conversions, conditional expressions, precedence of operators and order of evaluation.
Control statements: if, if else, else if ladder and switch statements, while, do-while and for
statements, break, continue, goto and labels.

UNIT – II
Arrays- concept, declaration, definition, accessing elements, storing elements, two dimensional
and multi-dimensional arrays.
Character Arrays: declaration, initialization, reading, writing strings, string handling
functions, Pre-processor Directives, and macros.
Applications of Arrays: Linear search, Binary search, Bubble Sort.

UNIT – III
Pointers- concepts, declaring and initialization of pointer variables, pointer expressions, pointer
arithmetic, pointers and arrays, pointers and character arrays, pointers to pointers.
Functions: basics, category of functions, parameter passing techniques, recursive functions-
comparison with Iteration, Functions with arrays, Standard library functions, dynamic memory
management functions, command line arguments.
Storage classes - auto, register, static and extern,

UNIT – IV
Derived types- structures- declaration, definition, and initialization of structures, accessing
structures, nested structures, arrays of structures, structures and functions, pointers to structures,
self-referential structures, unions, typedef.

UNIT – V
Files – concept of a file, text files and binary files, streams, standard I/O, Formatted I/O, file
I/O operations, error handling.

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TEXT BOOKS
1. ReemaThareja, Programming in C, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 2015.

REFERENCE
1. Jeri R.Hanly, Elliot B.Koffman, Problem Solving and Program Design in C, Pearson
Publishers, 7th Edition, 2013.
2. E Balagurusamy, Computer Programming, McGraw Hill Education, 8th Edition.
3. C: The Complete Reference, McGraw Hall Education, 4th Edition.
4. PradeepDey, Manas Ghosh, Programming in C, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition,
2011.
5. Stephen G.Kochan, Programming in C, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2005.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (II Sem.) 20EC02 - DIGITAL LOGIC CIRCUITS 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objective: In this course student will learn about the basic concepts of
number systems and Boolean algebra, logic gates and realization of Boolean expressions using
logic gates, realization of combinational and sequential circuits and concepts of Finite State
Machines and ASM Charts

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Summarize the key differences between number systems and their usage in Digital
electronics circuits.(Understand – L2)
CO2: Identify the minimization techniques of Boolean expressions to implement digital circuits
using basic logic gates and logic circuits.(Apply – L3)
CO3: Apply the minimization and realization methods for design of Combinational and
Sequential logic circuits.(Apply – L3)
CO4: Analyze the Combinational, Sequential, Finite state machines and Algorithmic State
Machines for implementation of digital logic circuits.(Analyze – L4)

UNIT – I
Number Systems: Number systems (binary, Octal, Hexadecimal) 1’s and 2’s complement of
binary numbers, Signed Binary numbers, Binary codes –BCD, Excess-3 code, Gray code, Error
detecting and correcting codes – Hamming code.

UNIT – II
Boolean Algebra: Boolean postulates, De-Morgan’s Theorem, Principle of Duality,
Minimization of Boolean expressions – Sum of Products (SOP), Product of Sums (POS),
minterm and maxterm, implementation of Boolean functions using Karnaugh map,
minimization (up to 4 variables), K-map with don’t care conditions, minimization of Boolean
expressions using Quine-Mc Cluskey Tabular Method (5 variable).

Logic Gates: basic logic gates, realization of Boolean functions using logic gates, Multi-level
gate implementations.

UNIT – III
Combinational Logic Circuits: Design procedure, Adders and Subtractors, Parallel adder/
Subtractor- Carry look ahead adder, BCD adder, Magnitude Comparator, Decoder, Encoder,
Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Parity generator/checker, code converters- binary to gray, gray to
binary, BCD to Excess-3 codes.

UNIT – IV
Sequential Logic Circuits: Latches, Flip flops-SR, JK, T, D – Characteristic and excitation
tables, Realization of one flip flop using other flip flops, Shift Registers, Universal Shift
Register, Counters- Synchronous and Asynchronous counters. Implementation of 4-bit
Counters.

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UNIT – V
Finite state machines: Introduction to Mealy and Moore machines, Difference between Mealy
and Moore machines, Conversion between Mealy and Moore machines.
Algorithmic State Machines: Features of ASM chart, System design using data path and
control subsystems, control implementations.

TEXT BOOK
1. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, PHI Publishers, 4th Edition.
2. Ananda Kumar, “Switching Theory and Logic Design”, PHI Publishers.

REFERENCES
1. ZviKohavi, Switching and Finite Automata Theory, TMH Publishers, 2nd Edition.
2. Charles H. Roth, “Fundamentals of Logic Design”, Cengage learning Publishers.
3. M. Subramanyam, “Switching Theory and Logic Design”, University Science Press
Publishers.
4. John M. Yarbrough, “Digital Logic: Applications and Design”, Thomson Publications.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (II Sem.) 20MC01 - CONSTITUTION OF INDIA 2 0 0 0

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objectives

• To enable the student to understand the importance of constitution.

• To understand the structure of Executive, Legislature and Judiciary.
• To understand Philosophy of fundamental rights and duties.
• To understand the autonomous nature of constitution bodies like SupremeCourt and High
Court Controller and Auditor General of India and ElectionCommission of India.
• To understand the Central and State relation, financial and administrative.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to
CO1: Understand history and philosophy of constitution with reference to
Preamble,Fundamental Rights and Duties(Understand – L2).
CO2: Understand the concept of Unitary and Federal Government along with therole of
President, Prime Minister and Judicial System(Understand – L2).
CO3: Understand the structure of the state government, Secretariat, Governor and Chief
Ministerand their functions(Understand – L2).
CO4: learn local administration viz. Panchayat, Block, Municipality and Corporation
(Understand – L2).
CO5: learn about Election Commission and the process and about SC, ST, OBCand
women(Understand – L2).

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Indian Constitution: ‘Constitution’ meaning of the term, IndianConstitution –
Sources and Constitutional History, Features – Citizenship,Preamble, Fundamental Rights and
Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy.
UNIT – II:
Union Government and its Administration Structure of the Indian Union: FederalismCentre –
State relationship, President: Role, Power and Position. Prime Minister(PM) and Council of
Ministers, Cabinet and Central Secretariat, Lok Sabha, RajyaSabha. The Supreme Court and
High Court: Powers and Functions.

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UNIT – III:
State Government and its Administration Governor – Role and Position – ChiefMinister (CM)
and Council of Ministers. State Secretariat: Organization, Structureand Functions.
UNIT – IV:
A Local Administration -- Role and Importance,Municipalities – Mayor and Role of Elected
Representative,Panchayati Raj: Functions of PanchayatiRaj Institution, Zilla Panchayat, Elected
Officials and their roles, Villagelevel – Role of Elected and Appointed officials.
UNIT – V:
Election Commission: Election Commission – Role of Chief Election Commissionerand
Election Commissionerate State Election Commission: Functions andCommissions for the
welfare of SC/ST/OBC and Women.

Reference Books
1. Durga Das Basu, Introduction to the Constitution of India, Prentice – Hall ofIndia Pvt.Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2. Subash Kashyap, Indian Constitution, National Book Trust.
3. J.A. Siwach, Dynamics of Indian Government and Politics.
4. D.C. Gupta, Indian Government and Politics.
5. H.M.Sreevai. Constitutional Law of India, 4th edition in 3 volumes (UniversalLaw
Publication).
6. J.C. Johari, Indian Government and Politics Hans.
7. J.Raj, Indian Government and Politics.
8. M.V. Pylee, Indian Constitution, Durga Das Basu, Human Rights in
Constitutional Law, Prentice – Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Noorani, A.G. (South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre), Challengesto Civil Right).
Challenges to Civil Rights Guarantees in India, OxfordUniversity Press 2012.

E-Resources:
1. nptel.ac.in/courses/109104074/8.
2. nptel.ac.in/courses/109104045.
3. nptel.ac.in/courses/101104065.
4. www.hss.iitb.ac.in/en/lecture-details.
5. www.iitb.ac.in/en/event/2nd-lecture-institute-lecture-series-indianconstitution.
***

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (IISem.) 20FE53 - ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LAB 0 0 3 1.5

Pre-requisites: Nil

Course Educational Objectives: This course enables the students to analyze water samples and
perform different types of volumetric titrations. It provides them with an overview of
preparation of polymers and analytical techniques.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to

CO1: Assess alkalinity of water based on the procedure given (Understand – L2).
CO2: Distinguish different types of titrations in volumetric analysis after performing the
experiments listed in the syllabus (Understand – L2).
CO3: Acquire practical knowledge related to preparation of polymers. (Understand – L2).
CO4: Exhibit skills in performing experiments based on theoretical fundamentals.
(Understand – L2).

List of Experiments
(Any of the 10 experiments are required to be conducted)

Model Experiment
1. Determination of Na2CO3 using standard HCl solution.
Water Analysis
2. Determination of alkalinity of water sample.
Complexometric Titrations
3. Estimation of Mg+2/Zn+2/Ca+2 in given solution by using standard EDTA solution.
Preparation of Polymers (only demonstration)
4. Nylon Fibers
5. Bakelite
Redox Titrations
6. Estimation of Mohr’s salt by using potassium permanganate.
7. Estimation of Mohr’s salt by using potassium dichromate.
8. Estimation of copper (II) ion using standard hypo solution.
Conductometric Measurements
9. Estimation of amount of HClconductometrically using standard NaOH solution.
10. Estimation of amount of HClconductometrically using NH4OH solution.
Potentiometric Measurements
11. Estimation of amount of HClpotentiometrically using NaOH solution.
Estimations
12. Measuring pH of the given sample solution using pH meter (demonstration only).
13. Estimation of Vitamin C in a given sample.
Colorimetric Analysis
14. Determination of Iron (III) by colorimetric method.

REFERENCES
1. LAB Manual

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L T P Cr.
20CS51 - PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM
B.Tech. (II Sem.) 0 0 3 1.5
SOLVING USING C LAB

Pre-requisite : NIL

Course Educational Objective: The objective of the course is to learn the basic elements of C
Programming Structures like Data Types, Expressions, Control Statements, and Various I/O
Functions and to solve simple mathematical problems using control structures. Design and
implementation of various software components, which solve real world problems.

Course Outcomes (CO): At the end of this course, the student will be able to:

CO1: Apply control structures of C in solving computational problems.(Apply– L3)

Implement derived datatypes & use modular programming in problem solving.
CO2:
(Apply– L3)
CO3: Implement user defined datatypes and perform file operations.(Apply– L3)
CO 4: Improve individual / teamwork skills, communication & report writing skills with
ethical values.(Apply– L3)

# of modules at most 10can be taught and all the modules should be in line with theory.

Module 1: Introduction to Raptor Tool.

Module 2: Problem solving using Raptor Tool

Module 3: Exercise Programs on Basics of C-Program.

Module 4: Exercise Programs on Control Structures.

Module 5: Exercise Programs on Loops & nesting of Loops.

Module 6: Exercise Programs on Arrays & Strings.

Module 7: Exercise Programs on Pointers.

Module 8: Exercise Programs on Functions.

Module 9: Exercise Programs on user defined data types.

Module 10: Exercise Programs on Files.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (II Sem.) 20EC52 - DIGITAL LOGIC CIRCUITS LAB 0 0 2 1

Pre-requisites : Nil

Course Educational Objective: This course gives the ability to design and verify digital logic
circuits like; logic gates, combinational and sequential logic circuits using discrete components
and Integrated Circuits.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Demonstrate the functionality of Logic gates, Flip-flops, Shift registers and
Counters.(Understand – L2)
CO2: Apply the Boolean minimization methods to implement Combinational and Sequential
logic circuits using logic gates.(Apply – L3)
CO3: Analyze the behavior of Combinational and Sequential logic circuits.(Analyze – L4)
CO4: Adapt effective Communication, presentation and report writing skills. (Apply – L3)

List of Experiments
(Any of the 10 experiments are required to be conducted)

1. Realization of logic gates using universal logic gates.

2. Realization of Adder and Subtractor circuits using basic / universal gates.
3. Implementation of Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary code converters.
4. Realization of Boolean expressions using Decoder.
5. Implementation of 8×1 Multiplexer and Demultiplexer.
6. Realization of Boolean Expressions using Multiplexers.
7. Verification of flip-flops.
8. Conversion of SR to D flip-flop and SR to T flip-flop.
9. Implementation of shift register.
10. Implementation of Universal shift register.
11. Implementation of Up/Down counter.
12. Implementation of Synchronous /Asynchronous counter.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (II Sem.) 20ME51 - ENGINEERING WORKSHOP 0 0 3 1.5

Pre-requisites : Nil

Course Educational Objective:The objective of this course is to get familiarized with various
trades used in Engineering Workshop and learn the safety precautions to be followed in the
workshops while working with the different tools.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Develop different prototypes in the carpentry section.(Understand – L2)
CO2: Fabricate various basic prototypes in fitting trade. (Understand – L2)
CO3: Demonstrate various operations related to plumbing, tin smithy and black
smithy.(Understand – L2)
CO4: Perform various basic house wiring techniques.(Apply– L3)

List of Experiments
(Conduct at least 4 Trades with 2 exercises from each Trade and demonstrate about 2 Trades)

Trade –1: CARPENTRY SHOP

Introduction to various types of wood such as Teak, Sal, Oak, Beach, Neam, Wallnut Mango,
Shisham, Deodar, Babul. Demonstration, function and use of carpentry hand-tools and their
safety precautions. Introduction to various types of wooden joints, their relative advantages and
uses.
Job I - Marking, sawing, plaining and chiselling operations.
Job II - Preparation of half lap-joint
Job III – Preparation of Mortise and Tenon Joint

Trade –2: FITTING SHOP

Introduction to fitting shop tools, common materials used in fitting shop, description,
demonstration, care, use of tools and safety precautions.
Job I- Making a L-Fit from a rectangular piece of Mild Steel (MS).
Job II-Making a T-Fit from a rectangular piece of MS.
Job III-Making a V-Fit from a rectangular piece of MS
Job IV-Making a Half round fit from a rectangular piece of MS.

Trade -3: TIN- SMITHY SHOP

Introduction to tin-smithy, specification and use of hand tools, accessories and the safety
precautions.
Job I - Preparation of a rectangular tray.
Job II- Preparation of an open scoop/ funnel.
Job III - Preparation of a Single Seam Joint and Double Seam Joint.
Job IV - Preparation of a Corner Seam Joint.
Trade –4: PLUMBING SHOP
Introduction to plumbing – demonstration, use of hand tools, accessories and safety precautions.
Job I – preparation of pipe layout.
Job II – Pipe threading.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

Trade -5: BLACK SMITHY

Introduction–demonstration of tools, equipment and safety precautions.
Job I – Preparation of S–Hook.
Job II – Preparation of Chisel

Trade -6: HOUSE WIRING

Demonstration and identification of common electrical materials such as wires, cables,
switches, fuses, PVC Conduits. Study of electrical safety measures and demonstration about use
of protective devices such as fuses, and relays including earthling.
Job I – One lamp controlled by one one-way switch.
Job II – Two lamps in series and parallel connection with one-way switch.
Job III- Florescent lamp and calling bell circuit.
Job IV - One lamp connection with two 2- way switches (stair case connection).
Job V -- House wiring circuit.

REFERENCES
1. LBRCE Workshop Lab Manual.
2. S.K.HajraChoudary and A.K.Choudary, ―Workshop Technology-I, MediaPromotersand
Publishers Pvt.Ltd., Mumbai,2012.
3. B.S.Raghuvamsi, ―Workshop Technology-I, Dhanpatrai and company, New Delhi, 2014.
4. P.Khannaiah,K.L.Narayana,―WorkshopManual,ScitechPublicationsIndiaPvt.Ltd, 2015.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

20FE10 –Numerical Methods and Integral

L T P Cr.
Calculus
B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 2 1 0 3

Pre-requisites : None

Course Educational Objective: The main objective of this course is to enable the students
learn
Numerical Techniques for solving the equations and apply interpolation techniques. They will
also learn about the Fourier analysis of single valued functions, Multiple Integrals in different
coordinate systems and Vector differentiation.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

CO1: Estimate the best fit polynomial for the given tabulated data using
Interpolation.(Understand – L2)
CO2: Apply numerical techniques in solving of equations and evaluation of integrals. (Apply –
L3)
CO3: Discriminate among Cartesian, Polar and Spherical coordinates in multiple integrals and
their respective applications to areas and volumes. (Apply – L3)
CO4: Generate the single valued functions in the form of Fourier series and obtain Fourier series
representation of periodic function. (Apply – L3)
CO5: Evaluate the directional derivative, divergence and angular velocity of a vector function.
(Apply – L3)

UNIT – I

Interpolation and Finite Differences

Interpolation: Introduction – Finite differences- Forward Differences- Backward Differences-
Central differences – Symbolic relations and separation of symbols-Differences of a
polynomial- Newton’s formulae for interpolation – Lagrange’s Interpolation formula.

UNIT – II

Numerical Solution of Equations and Numerical Integration

Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations – Regula Falsi method and Newton
Raphson Method in one variable.

Numerical Integration
Trapezoidal rule – Simpson’s 1/3 Rule –Simpson’s 3/8 Rule.

UNIT – III

Multiple Integrals
Multiple integrals - double and triple integrals (Cartesian, polar, spherical coordinates) –
Changing the order of Integration.

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UNIT IV

Fourier series

Determination of Fourier coefficients – Fourier series – even and odd functions – Fourier series
in an arbitrary interval– Half-range sine and cosine series

UNIT – V

Vector Differentiation

Vector Differentiation: Gradient- Directional Derivatives -Divergence – Solenoidal fields- Curl

–Irrotational fields-potential surfaces - Laplacian and second order operators

Text Books:

1. B.S. Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 42ndEdition, Khanna Publishers, New

Delhi, 2012.

2. B. V. Ramana, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 1stEdition, TMH Publications, New

Delhi, 2010.

3. S. S. Sastry, “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis” 5th Edition, PHI Learning

Private Limited, New Delhi, 2012.

Reference:

4. M. D. Greenberg, “ Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 2nd Edition, TMH Publications,

New Delhi,2011.

5. Erwin Krezig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics” , 8th Edition, John Wiley & sons,
New Delhi,2011.

6. W.E. Boyce and R. C. Diprima, “ Elementary Differential Equations” , 7th Edition, John
Wiley & sons, New Delhi,2011.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 20CS03 – DATA STRUCTURES 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisite : Programming Language

Course Educational Objectives:

The objective of the course is to make students familiar with writing algorithms to implement
different data structures like stacks, queues, trees and graphs, and various sorting techniques.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of this course, the student will be able to

Write the algorithms for various operations on list using arrays and linked list and analyze
CO 1
the time complexity of its operations.(Understand-L2)
CO 2 Apply linear data structures like stack and queue in problem solving. (Apply -L3)
Demonstrate various searching and sorting techniques and compare their computational
CO 3
complexity in terms of space and time. (Understand-L2)
Write the algorithms for various operations on binary trees,binary search trees and AVL
CO 4
trees. (Understand-L2)
CO 5 Demonstrate graph traversal techniques and hashing techniques. (Understand-L2)

UNIT - I
Algorithm Analysis:
Introduction to Algorithm, Algorithm Analysis , Asymptotic Notations.
Introduction to arrays and Abstract Data Type(ADT)
Lists: List using arrays and linked list- Singly Linked List, Doubly Linked List, Circular
LinkedList.

UNIT – II
Stacks: Stack ADT,Implementation using arrays and linked list.
Applications of stacks : Infix to postfix expression conversion, Evaluation of Postfix
expressions and balancing the symbols.
Queues:
Queue : Queue ADT,Implementation of Queue using arrays and linked list,circular queue,
DEQUE

UNIT - III
Sorting: Bubble sort, Insertion Sort, Selection sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort & Heap Sort

UNIT - IV
Trees: Introduction, Tree traversals, Binary Trees, Binary Search Trees, Balanced Binary
search tree - AVL Trees and its operations.

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UNIT - V
Graphs: Fundamentals, Representation of graphs, Graph Traversals: BFS, DFS.
Hashing: Hash Table, Hash Function, Collision resolution Techniques- separate Chaining,
Open addressing, rehashing.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mark Allen Weiss, “Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C”, Pearson Education,
2ndedition[1,2,3 units].
2. ReemaThareja, Data Structures using c, Oxford Publications[3,4,5].

REFERENCES:
1. Langson, Augenstein&Tenenbaum, ‘Data Structures using C and C++’, 2nd Ed, PHI.
2. RobertL.Kruse, Leung and Tando, ‘Data Structures and Program Design in C’,
2ndedition, PHI.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 20EC03 – ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Fundamentals of Electronics.

Course Educational Objective: This course provides focus on h-parameter models, analysis,
selection and proper biasing of transistors like BJT and FET, emphasis on working principles of
BJT / FET amplifiers using appropriate equivalent models, gives importance to feedback in
amplifiers to improve the amplifier characteristics, design of Oscillators, linear wave shaping
Circuits and Multivibrators.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Understand the concept of amplifier, Oscillator and linear wave shaping circuits.
(Understand – L2)
CO2: Apply the suitable models of the transistor for estimating gain, input resistance, and
output resistance and feedback concepts at amplifier and oscillator circuits. (Apply –
L3)
CO3: Analyze feedback concepts in amplifier, oscillator circuits, and Multivibrators. (Analyze
– L4)
CO4: Apply knowledge of transistor for the design of amplifiers, oscillator circuits, linear wave
shaping Circuits and Multivibrators. (Apply – L3)
PO P PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO PSO
COs
1 O2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3
CO1 2 3 1 - - 3 1 - - - 1 2 - 2 -
CO2 3 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2 -
CO3 3 1 1 - - - - - - - - 2 - 3 -
CO4 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 3 -

UNIT – I
Small Signal Amplifiers: Small signal modeling of transistor, h- parameter model of a
Transistor; Analysis and Design of CE, CB and CC Amplifiers using exact & approximate
models and analysis of CE Amplifier with emitter resistance.
FET Amplifiers: Analysis of CS and CD FET amplifiers.

UNIT – II
Multistage Amplifiers: Analysis and Design of Cascade Amplifier (RC Coupled Amplifier),
Cascode Amplifier and Darlington Pair.
Frequency Response of Amplifiers: Frequency response of Single stage and Multi stage
amplifiers; Effect of coupling capacitor and bypass capacitor on frequency response. The
hybrid- π Common Emitter Transistor model; Hybrid- π Conductance in terms of low frequency
h- parameters; The CE hybrid-π model - fβ , fT and fα; Current gain with resistive load.

UNIT – III
Feedback Amplifiers: Classification of Amplifiers; The feedback concept; General
characteristics of Negative feedback Amplifiers; Qualitative analysis of feedback Amplifiers-
Voltage Series feedback Amplifier, Voltage Shunt feedback Amplifier, Current Series feedback
Amplifier, Current Shunt feedback Amplifier and their analysis; and effect of feedback on
frequency response of an amplifier.
Oscillator: Qualitative analysis of BJT based RC, LC Oscillators and Crystal Oscillators.
Power Amplifiers: Introduction to Class A, Class B, Class C and Class S Power amplifiers.

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UNIT – IV
Linear wave shaping Circuits: Low pass and High pass RC circuits and their response for
sinusoidal, step, pulse, square and ramp inputs. RC circuit as differentiator, integrator and
double differentiator.

UNIT – V
Multivibrators
Bistable Multivibrator- self-biased transistor binary, Principle of operation of Bistable
Multivibrators. Triggering types, Schmitt trigger circuit-Principle of operation, calculation of
UTP, LTP and applications, Principle of operation of Monostable Multivibrator, Design and
Analysis of Astable Multivibrator.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Jacob Millman, Christos C Halkias, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Fourth reprint, Tata McGraw
Hill, Publishers, New Delhi, 2011.
2. Anand Kumar A., Pulse and Digital Circuits, Third edition, PHI Publishers, 2005

REFERENCE
1. Donald A.Neamen, Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, Second Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishers, 2014.
2. J.Millman and H.Taub, Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms, Second Edition McGraw-Hill
Publishers, 2012.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 20EC04 – SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites : Vectors, Scalars, Approximation of a vector by another vector,

Differentiation and Integration of signals

Course Educational Objectives:

This course introduces signals and the way to perform mathematical operations on them.
Further, it also introduces representation of signals in both time and frequency domains using
orthogonal functions and describes Fourier series, the Fourier Transform and Laplace
Transforms along with their properties. The course characterizes system behavior by estimating
system response. It also introduces the concepts of sampling.

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs): At the end of the course, students are able to

CO1: Summarize the basic concepts of signals, systems and sampling (Understand – L2)
CO2: Examine the operations on signals and approximate using orthogonal functions.(Apply – L3)
CO3: Apply the concept of impulse response to analyze the linear time invariant
systems (Apply – L3)
CO4 Analyze continuous time periodic and aperiodic signals using Fourier series, Fourier transform
and Laplace transforms (Analyze – L4)

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1
CO1
2 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 2
CO2
3 1 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 2
CO3
3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2 2 3
CO4

UNIT – I
Signal Analysis: Concept of Signal, Classification of Signals-Continuous Time Signals,
Discrete Time and Digital Signals; Representation of Signals- Impulse, Unit Step, Unit Ramp,
Signum, Decaying Exponential, Raising Exponential, Double Exponential, Triangular,
Rectangular, Sinc and Sampling Signals; Operations on Signals– Time Shifting, Time Scaling,
Time Reversal (Folding), Amplitude Scaling, Convolution; Graphical Method of Convolution,
Properties of Signals- Even and Odd, Causal and Non Causal, Bounded and Unbounded,
Periodic and Aperiodic, Energy and Power, Deterministic and Random Signals.

UNIT – II
Signal Approximation: Approximation of a Signal by another signal-Mean square error,
Condition for orthogonal signals, Approximation of a Signal by a set of mutually orthogonal
signals-Evaluation of Mean square error, Gibbs Phenomena, Orthogonality in complex signals-
Approximation of a complex signal by another complex signal, Approximation of a complex
signal by a set of mutually orthogonal complex signals.
Fourier Series: Concept of Fourier Series, Trigonometric Fourier Series, Exponential Fourier
Series, Relations among coefficients of Trigonometric Fourier Series and Exponential Fourier

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Series, Existence of Fourier Series, Representation of Periodic signal by Fourier series over the
entire interval, Symmetry conditions of Fourier Series, Parseval’s Theorem.

UNIT – III
Fourier Transform: Need for Transform, Deriving Fourier Transform from Fourier Series,
Existence of Fourier Transform, Properties of Fourier Transform- Symmetry, Linearity,
Scaling, Time Reversal, Time Shifting, Frequency Shifting, Time Differentiation, Time
Integration, Frequency Differentiation, Frequency Integration, Time Convolution, Frequency
Convolution and Parseval’s Theorem, Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals.
Sampling Theorem: Representation of continuous time signals by its samples, Graphical and
analytical proof of sampling theorem for Band Limited Signals, Nyquist rate and interval
,Types of sampling-Ideal sampling, flat top sampling, natural sampling, Reconstruction of
signal from its samples, effect of under sampling- Aliasing, Difference between low pass
sampling and band pass sampling.

UNIT – IV
Signal Transmission Through Linear Systems: Definition of System, Classification of
Systems - Linear and Non Linear, Time Invariant and Variant, Causal and Non Causal, Stable
and Unstable, Static and Dynamic, Invertible and Non-invertible; Signal and System
Bandwidth, Response of Linear Systems-Transfer Function, Impulse Response, Response of
Linear Systems with an arbitrary input, Distortion less Transmission through a system,
Physically Realizable System and Poly-Wiener Criterion.

UNIT – V
Laplace Transform: Concept of Laplace Transform on Non-Causal, Causal and Anti-Causal
Signals, Relation between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform, Existence of Laplace
Transform; Properties of Laplace Transform- Linearity, Time Scaling, Time shifting, Shifting
in S domain, Conjugate, Differentiation in time domain, Integration in time domain,
Differentiation in S-domain, Integration in S-domain, Convolution in time domain, Convolution
in S-domain, Initial value and Final value theorem. Laplace Transform of various classes of
Signals, Concept of Region of Convergence and Properties, Inverse Laplace Transform using
Partial Fractions Method. Applications of Laplace Transform: Causality of a System, Stability
of a System, Solving of Differential Equations and Analysis of RLC Circuits.

TEXT BOOKS
1. A V Oppenheim, A S Wilsky and IT Young, “Signals and Systems”, PHI learning, 2nd
Edition,2018.
2. B P Lathi,“Signals, Systems and Communications”, BS Publications, 2003.

REFERENCES
1. Simon Haykin, Barry Van VeenBairy , “Signals and Systems”, John Wiley, 1st edition,2005.
2. P. Ramesh Babu, R.Ananda Natarajan “Signals and Systems”, Scitech Publications, 2nd
edition,2006.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
20EC05 – Random variables and stochastic
B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 3 0 0 3
processes

Pre-requisites: Probability theory, Basics of differentiation and integration

Course Educational Objectives:

This course provides the knowledge on random variables and their statistical properties.
It will also give an idea about differences between random variables and random processes. It
also describes the information of temporal and spectral characteristics of random variables and
processes. The course explains about the response of a system for given input.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Summarize the concepts of random variables, random processes and noise.(Understand –
L2)
CO2: Use the mathematical concepts of random variables and random processes for
determining statistical parameters and spectral characteristics of random processes. (Apply –
L3)
CO3: Analyze the behavior of random variables and random processes using distribution and
density functions.(Analyze – L4)
CO4: Apply the knowledge of random variables and processes for analyzing the system
behavior (Apply – L3)

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
3 2 1 - - - - - - - - 1
CO1 1 - -
3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO2 2 - -
3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO3 1 - -
3 3 1 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO4 - - 3

UNIT – I
Random Variables: Concept of random variable, Condition for a function to be a random
variable, Classification of a random variable, Cumulative distribution function and properties,
Probability density function and properties, Different distributions-Binomial, Poisson, Uniform,
Exponential, Rayleigh, Gaussian functions.
Operations on One Random Variable: Expectation, Moments, Moment about the origin,
Central moments, Variance, Skew, Skewness, Characteristic function, Moment generating
function (Proofs not expected).

UNIT – II
Multiple Random Variables: Introduction, Joint distribution function and properties, Marginal
distribution function, Joint density function and properties, Marginal density function, statistical
independence, Distribution and density of sum of random variables, Central Limit Theorem
(Proof not expected).

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Operations on Multiple Random Variables: Expected value of a function of random

variables, Joint moment about the origin, Correlation, Joint central moments, Covariance,
Correlation coefficient.

UNIT – III
Stochastic Processes-Temporal Characteristics: Concept of stochastic processes,
Classification of stochastic processes, Distribution and density of stochastic processes,
Statistical independence, Stationarity - First-Order stationery processes, Second-Order and
wide-Sense stationery processes, Nth – Order and Strict-Sense stationery processes, Time
Averages, Ergodicity - Mean-Ergodic processes, Correlation Ergodic Processes, Correlation
Functions- Autocorrelation function and properties, Cross-Correlation function and properties,
Covariance function- Auto covariance function, Cross covariance function.

UNIT – IV
Stochastic Processes-Spectral Characteristics: Power density spectrum of processes and
properties, Wiener-Khintchine relation, Bandwidth of power density spectrum, Cross Power
density spectrum and properties, Relation between cross Power density spectrum and cross-
correlation function.

UNIT – V
Linear Systems with Random Inputs: Response of a Linear system, Mean value of system
response, Mean squared value of system response, Autocorrelation function of response, Cross
correlation function of input and output, Power spectral density of response, Cross power
spectral density of input and output.
Noise: Classification of Noise, Modeling of Noise Sources-Resistive (Thermal) Noise,
Arbitrary Noise Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Available Power Gain, Noise Figure,
White Noise, Introduction to additive white Gaussian Noise.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Peyton Z. Peebles, Jr, “Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles”,
Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 4th edition,2010.
2. Y Mallikarjuna Reddy, “Probability theory and Stochastic Processes”, Universities Press
(India), Pvt Ltd,2010.

REFERENCES

1. George Kennedy, Davis, “Electronic Communication Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill

Education, 4th edition, 1999.
2. Hwei Hsu, “Probability, Random Variables and Random Processes”, Schaum’s Outline
series, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishers, 3rd Edition, 2014.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 20CS53 – DATA STRUCTURES LAB 0 0 3 1.5

Pre-requisite : Programming Language

Course Educational Objectives :

The objective of this course is to make students familiar with writing algorithms to implement
different data structures like stacks, queues, trees and graphs, and various sorting techniques.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of this course, the student will be able to

CO 1 Implement Linear Data Structures using array and Linked list.

CO 2 Implement Various Sorting Techniques.

CO 3 Implement Non Linear Data Structure such as Trees &Graphs.

I)Exercise Programs on List ADT

a) Implementation of List using Arrays.

b) Implementation of List using Linked List.

II) Exercise Programs on Stacks & Queue ADT

a) Implementation of Stack Operations using Arrays.

b) Implementation of Stack Operations using Linked List.

c) Implementation of Queue Operations using Arrays.

d) Implementation of Queue Operations using Linked List.

III) Exercise Programs on Stack Applications

a) Conversion of Infix Expression to postfix Expression.

b) Conversion of Infix Expression to prefix Expression.

c) Evaluation of Postfix Expression

d) Implementation of Balancing Symbols.

IV) Exercise Programs on Types of Queues

a) Implementation of Circular Queues Linked List.

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b) Implementation of Double Ended Queue using Arrays.

c) Implementation of Double Ended Queue using Linked List.

V) Exercise Programs on Sorting Techniques.

a) Implementation of Insertion Sort and

b) Implementation of Selection Sort.

c) Implementation of Merge Sort.

d) Implementation of Quick Sort.

e) Implementation of Bubble Sort.

f) Implementation of Heap Sort.

VI) Exercise Programs on Trees

a) Implementation of Binary Tree Traversals.

b) Implementation of Binary Search Tree Operations.

VII) Exercise Programs on Graph Traversal Techniques.

a) Breadth First Search (BFS) b) Depth First Search (DFS)

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 20EC53 – ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LAB 0 0 2 1

Pre-requisites: Fundamentals of Electronic Devices

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the practical exposure on designing of
different single stage and multistage stage amplifiers, effect of capacitances on frequency
response, analysis of power and feedback amplifiers.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Demonstrate the characteristics of Amplifiers, Oscillators, feedback amplifiers, and
Multivibrators. (Understand – L2)
CO2: Apply the knowledge of devices for the design of Timer circuits, Oscillators and
Multivibrators. (Apply – L3)
CO3: Analyze feedback amplifiers and waveform generators using Electronic devices and
components. (Analyze – L4)
CO4: Adapt effective Communication, presentation and report writing skills. (Apply – L3)

COs P
P PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PS PS PSO
O
O1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O1 O2 3
2
CO1 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 -
CO2 3 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 -
CO3 1 1 1 2 - - - - - - - 1 - 2 -
CO4 - - - - - - - - 3 2 - - - 3 -

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
(The following experiments are to be simulated using PSPICE/MULTISIM software and
Verified by hardware modules)

(Any of the 10 experiments are required to be conducted)

1. Determination of Gain and Bandwidth of Common Emitter (CE) Amplifier from the
frequency response.
2. Determination of Gain and Bandwidth of Common Source (CS) FET Amplifier from the
frequency response.
3. Design of two stage RC Coupled amplifier.
4. Design of Transistorized Current series Feedback amplifier for Bandwidth improvement.
5. Analysis of Stabilization of Gain of Transistorized Voltage series Feedback amplifier.
6. Analysis of Stabilization of Gain of Transistorized Current shunt Feedback amplifier.
7. Design and Realization of Transistorized RC Phase shift Oscillator to generate a sinusoidal
signal.
8. Design and Realization of Transistorized Colpitts Oscillator to generate a sinusoidal signal.
9. Design of Low pass RC circuits and verify its response for sinusoidal and square wave
inputs.
10. Design of High pass RC circuits and verify its response for sinusoidal and square wave
inputs.
11. Design and Realization of Transistorized Astable Multivibtartor for the generation of
square waveform.
12. Design and Realization of Transistorized Monostable Multivibrator for the generation of voltage
pulses.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 20EC54 – DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN LAB 1 0 2 2

Pre-Requisites: Digital Electronics

Course Objectives: This course provides practical exposure in Xilinx compiler and in-built
simulator to describe the simulation of digital circuits using Verilog HDL and explain Verilog
HDL programs to generate test bench simulations.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students are able to
CO 1 Demonstrate the functionality of logic gates using Verilog HDL
simulator.(Understand – L2)
CO 2 Analyze the behaviour of combinational and sequential circuits using Verilog HDL
simulator.(Analyze – L4)
CO 3 Understand the functionality of memories using Verilog HDL
simulator.(Understand – L2)
CO 4 Adapt effective communication, presentation and report writing.(Apply – L3)

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 1 1 2 1 2 - - - - - - 1 - 2 -
CO2 3 2 3 2 3 - - - - - - 2 - 3 -
CO3 3 2 3 2 3 - - - - - - 2 - 3 -
CO4 3 2 2 1 - - - - - - - 2 - 2 -

Unit-I:
Introduction to Verilog HDL, levels of design abstraction, System Tasks, Test benches,
Language constructs and conventions.
Gate level Modeling: Logic gate primitives, Module structure, Tri state gates, array of
Instances of Primitives

Unit-II:
Switch level modeling: Basic switch primitives, CMOS switch, Bi directional gates, Time
delays with switch primitives, CMOS NOT, NAND, NOR gate using switch primitives.
Behavioral level modeling: Operations and assignments, functional bifurcation, multiple
always blocks, blocking and non blocking assignments, case statement.
Data flow level modeling: Continuous assignments structures, Delays and continuous
assignments, assignments to vectors, operators.

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Note: Minimum 12 experiments to be conducted.

1. Implementation of Logic Gates – data flow model and behavioral model.

2. Combinational logic circuits – adders and subtractor.
3. Code converters- binary to gray and gray to binary.
4. 3 to 8 Decoder –74138.
5. 4 Bit Comparator –7485.
6. 8 x 1 Multiplexer – 74151 and 1X4 Demultiplexer – 74155.
7. 16 x 1 Multiplexer – 74150 and 1X16 Demultiplexer –74154.
8. Sequential circuits -Flip-Flops.
9. Decade counter –7490.
10. Synchronous & Asynchronous counters using D & T- Flip Flops.
11. Shift registers –7495.
12. Universal shift registers –74194/195.
13. RAM (16 x 4) – 74189 (Read and Write operations).
14. Creating a Hierarchical Design.

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Skill Oriented Course-1: L T P Cr.

B.Tech. (III-Sem.) 20ECS1-SIGNAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS 1 0 2 2

Pre-requisites: Matrices and trigonometric functions.

Course Educational Objectives:

In this course, student will learn about basic signal modeling and analysis concepts like
generations of signals using trigonometric function, solving linear equations and analyzing time
function in frequency using MATLAB software.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of this course, students will be able to:

CO1: Understand the programming concept of plotting trigonometric function, linear equations
solutions in MATLAB. (Understand – L2)

CO2: Analyze the time frequency relations of signals. (Analyze – L4)

UNIT – I: MATLAB Basics

Introduction to MATLAB, MATLAB windows, On-line help, Input-output, File types, platform
dependence, General command, Programming in MATLAB, Script Files and Function Files:
Executing a function. Plotting Graphs.

UNIT – II: Linear Algebra and Signal Operations

Solving a linear system, Gaussian elimination, Cramer’s rule, Finding Eigen values and
eigenvectors, Vector operations, Element-by-element operations, Continuous time signals,
operations on signals, convolution, frequency analysis.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Rudra Pratap., Getting started with MATLAB: A Quick Introduction for Scientists and
Engineers, 10th Edition, Oxford University Press.
2. B.P. Lathi., Principles of Linear Systems and Signals, 2nd Edition, Oxford University
Press.

REFERENCES:
1. Larry E. Knop .,Linear Algebra: A First Course with Applications.

HANDS – ON LABORATORY SESSIONS

1. Plot the graph for the given function

f(t)=sin (2π10t + π ⁄ 6 )
2. Generate function f(t) by performing product operation on two given functions h(t) and
g(t).
h(t) = sin (2π10t + π ⁄ 6 ) and g(t) = 𝑒 −10𝑡

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3. Consider hk(t) = 𝑒 −𝛽𝑡 sin (2π10t + π ⁄ 6 ) where β=[0,1,….,10] and plot the family of
curves over a time over 0≤t ≤0.2.
4. Solving linear equations using inverse method
5x - 3y + 2z=10
-3x + 8y + 4z = 20
2x + 4y-9z= 9
5. Solving linear equations using Cramer’s methods
x+ y +z = 11

2x -6y -z = 0

3x + 4y+ 2z = 0.

6. Compute Eigen values and Eigen vectors of given matrix.

A= [5 -3 2; -3 8 4; 4 2 -9];
7. Basic operations on the signals.
8. Convolution of signals.
9. Transformation of signals from time to frequency domains.
10. Compute and plot the Fourier coefficients for the given periodic signal.

11. Demonstrate the synthesis of the square wave by successively adding the Fourier
components of given signal.

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20HS01 – Universal Human Values 2: L T P Cr.

B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) UNDERSTANDING HARMONY 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites:Nil

Course Educational Objective:To become more aware of themselves, and their surroundings
(family, society, nature); they would become more responsible in life, and in handling problems
with sustainable solutions, while keeping human relationships and human nature in mind.

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, the student will be able to-

CO1:Apply the value inputs inlife and profession (Apply – L3)

CO2: Distinguish between values and skills, happiness and accumulation of physical facilities,
the self, and the Body(Understand – L2)

CO3: Understand the role of a human being in ensuring harmony in society (Understand – L2)

CO4: Understand the role of a human being in ensuring harmony in the nature and existence.
(Understand – L2)

CO3: Distinguish between ethical and unethical practices (Apply – L3)

UNIT-I:Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process for Value Education

‘Natural Acceptance’ and ExperientialValidation- as the process for self-exploration;

Continuous Happiness and Prosperity- A look at basic Human Aspirations; Right
understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility, Understanding Happiness and Prosperity

UNIT-II: Understanding Harmony in the Human Being - Harmony in Myself!

Understanding human being as a co-existence of the sentient ‘I’ and the material ‘Body’;
Understanding the needs of Self (‘I’) and ‘Body’ - happiness and physical facility;
Understanding the Body as an instrument of ‘I’ (I being the doer, seer and enjoyer);

Understanding the characteristics and activities of ‘I’ and harmony in ‘I’; Understanding the
harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Health; correct appraisal of Physical needs, meaning
of Prosperity in detail

UNIT-III: Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society- Harmony in Human-

Human Relationship

Understanding values in human-human relationship; meaning of Justice (nine universal values

in relationships) and program for its fulfilment to ensure mutual happiness; Trust and Respect
as the foundational values of relationship;

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Understanding the harmony in the society: Resolution, Prosperity, fearlessness and co-
existence as comprehensive Human Goals; Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society-
Undivided Society, Universal Order- from family to world family,Gratitude as a universal value
in relationships.

UNIT-IV: Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence - Whole existence as

Coexistence

Understanding the harmony in the Nature; Interconnectedness and mutual fulfilment among the
four orders of nature- recyclability and selfregulation in nature; Understanding Existence as Co-
existence of mutually interacting units in all-pervasive space; Holistic perception of harmony at
all levels of existence.

UNIT-V: Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional

Ethics

Natural acceptance of human values; Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct; Basis for
Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic Universal Order; Competence
in professional ethics, Strategy for transition from the present state to Universal Human Order

Text Book:

Human Values and Professional Ethics by R R Gaur, R Sangal, G P Bagaria, Excel Books, New
Delhi, 2010

Reference Books:

1. Jeevan Vidya: EkParichaya, A Nagaraj, Jeevan Vidya Prakashan, Amarkantak, 1999.

2. Human Values, A.N. Tripathi, New Age Intl. Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.
3. The Story of My Experiments with Truth - by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 20EE09 – CONTROL SYSTEMS 2 1 0 3

Pre-requisites: Electrical circuit Analysis and Applied Physics

Course Educational Objective: The objective of this course is to introduce to the students the
principles and applications of control systems in everyday life, the basic concepts of block
diagram reduction, time domain analysis solutions to time invariant systems and also deals with
the different aspects of stability analysis of systems in frequency domain and time domain.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Develop mathematical models of systems in terms of transfer function and state-space.
(Apply-L3)
CO2: Analyze control systems in time domain (Apply-L3)
CO3: Analyze control systems in frequency domain (Apply-L3)
CO4: Understand the concepts of controllers and compensators. (Understand-L2)

UNIT-I: MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF CONTROL SYSTEMS

Concepts of Control Systems- Open Loop and Closed Loop control systems. Mathematical
modeling –Transfer function, Modeling of electrical systems, mechanical systems, Electrical
analogy of mechanical systems. Block diagram representation of systems - Block diagram
algebra. Signal flow graph – reduction using Mason’s gain formula. Feedback Control System
Characteristics- Sensitivity of Control Systems to Parameter Variations, Disturbance Signals in
a Feedback Control System.

UNIT – II: TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS-I

Standard test signals, Step response of first order and second order systems, Time response
specifications, Time response specifications of second order systems, steady state errors and
error constants. Introduction to PI, PD and PID Controllers (excluding design).

UNIT – III: TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS-II

Concepts of stability, Necessary conditions for Stability, Routh stability criterion, Relative
stability analysis- Introduction to Root Locus Technique, Construction of root loci.

UNIT – IV: FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Frequency domain specifications, Frequency response of standard second order system. Bode
Plot - determination of frequency domain specifications - phase margin and gain margin,
determination of transfer function from the Bode Plot. Polar plot, Nyquist plot- Nyquist
Stability criteria. Introduction to Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag Compensator (excluding design).

UNIT – V: STATE SPACE ANALYSIS

Concept of state variables – State models for linear and time invariant Systems – The Transfer
Function from the State Equation, Solution of state equation– State transition matrix and it’s
properties Concepts of controllability and observability.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B. C. Kuo , “Automatic Control Systems” John Wiley and Sons ,9 th edition,2014.
2. I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, “Control Systems Engineering”, New Age International (P)
Limited Publishers,6th edition,2018.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Katsuhiko Ogata , “Modern Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 5th
edition,2009
2. Norman S. Nise, Control Systems Engineering, 8th Edition, John Wiley, New Delhi,
3. Richard C Dorf, Robert H Bishop, Modern control systems , 12thedition, Prentice Hall
(Pearson education, Inc.), New Delhi 2010.
4. Benzamin C. Kuo and Farid Golnaraghi, Automatic Control Systems,10th Edition, John
Wiley, New Delhi, 2017.
5. Rao V. Dukkipati,”Analysis and Design of Control Systems using MATLAB”,
NewAge Publishers, 2e, 2009.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 20EC06 – DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites : Signals & Systems

Course Objectives:

This course introduces discrete time signals and systems and operations performed on them. It
introduces Discrete time Fourier Transform, Discrete Fourier transform and Z transform meant
for spectral analysis of discrete time signals and systems. Fast Fourier Transform that is an
efficient way of implementing DFT is also introduced. It also provides the basic knowledge
about the design of both IIR and FIR filters.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to :
CO1: Interpret the basics of discrete time signal processing techniques.(Understand – L2)
CO2: Examine Discrete Time Signals in time and frequency domain using DTFT, DFT, FFT
and Z-transforms (Apply – L3)
CO3: Apply DFT, FFT and Z-Transform techniques to solve and realize discrete Systems
(Apply – L3)
CO4: Construct the IIR Filters using Butterworth, Chebyshev Approximation techniques and
FIR Filters using Fourier series method and windowing Techniques (Apply – L3)

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CO1 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - 2 - - 1

CO2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - 2 - - 2

CO3 3 3 1 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - 2

CO4 3 3 2 1 - - - - - - - 3 - - 2

UNIT – I
Digital Signal Processing System (DSP) – Block diagram, Advantages, Limitations and
Applications of DSP system.
Discrete Time Signals: Discrete time signals - Impulse, Unit Step, Unit Ramp, Rectangular,
Exponential signals, Representation of discrete time signals, Operations on signals - Time
shifting, Time scaling, Time reversal, Amplitude scaling, Properties of signals - Even/Odd
signals, Causal/Non-Causal signals, Bounded/Unbounded signals, Periodic/Aperiodic signals,
Energy/Power signals.
Discrete Time Systems: Properties of discrete time systems- Linear and Nonlinear, Shift
Invariant and Variant, Causal and Non Causal, Stable and Unstable, Static and Dynamic, IIR
and FIR systems. Analysis of LTI Systems through LCCDE – Natural Response, Forced
Response, Response of Linear shift invariant systems-Linear convolution

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Discrete Time Fourier Transform: DTFT of a sequence and system, Frequency response,
Magnitude response and Phase response. Properties of DTFT- Linearity, Periodicity, Time
shifting, Frequency shifting, Time reversal, Conjugate and Parseval’s theorem.

UNIT – II
Z-Transform: Z-Transform of Causal, Anti-Causal and Non-Causal sequence. Region of
Convergence and Properties, Properties of Z-Transform - Linearity, Time shifting, Time
reversal, Multiplication by exponential sequence, Scaling in Z-domain, Conjugate,
Differentiation in Z-domain, Time Convolution, Initial Value and Final Value Theorem, Inverse
Z-Transform through Long Division, Partial Fractions and Residue Methods, Analysis of LTI
system using z-transforms – system function, causality, stability , solution of difference
equation, impulse response and step response.
Realization of Discrete Systems: Direct Form-I, Direct Form-II or Canonic Form, Cascade
Form and Parallel Form for IIR and FIR systems.

UNIT – III
Discrete Fourier Transform: Frequency sampling - DFT, Computation of DFT, Computation
of IDFT, Relation between DTFT and DFT, Properties of Twiddle factor, Properties of DFT-
Linearity, Periodicity, Time shifting, Frequency shifting, Time reversal, differentiation in
frequency domain, Conjugate, Parseval’s theorem, Circular convolution, Additional DFT
properties, Linear Convolution through Circular Convolution, Circular Convolution through
DFT and IDFT, Linear Convolution through DFT and IDFT.
Fast Fourier Transform: Need for FFT, Radix-2 Decimation in Time FFT Algorithm, Radix-2
Decimation in Frequency FFT Algorithm, Comparison between DIT and DIF Algorithms,
Inverse FFT.

UNIT – IV
IIR Filters: Design of IIR digital filters - Impulse Invariant Transformation, Bilinear
Transformation. Specifications of Low Pass Filter, Analog Butterworth Filter, Design of Low
Pass Digital Butterworth Filter, Analog Chebyshev Filter, Design of Low Pass Digital
Chebyshev Filter, Analog Frequency Transformations.

UNIT – V
FIR Filters: Comparison between FIR and IIR Filters, Characteristics of FIR filters with linear
Phase, Frequency Response Linear Phase FIR filters, Design of FIR filters - Fourier series
method, Windowing Techniques-Rectangular Window, Hanning Window, Hamming Window,
Kaiser Window.

TEXT BOOK(S)
1. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis“Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms
& Applications”, Pearson education, 4th edition, 2008
2. Alan V Openheim, Ronald W. Schafer, “Digital Signal Processing”, PHI learning, 1st
edition, 2010.

REFERENCE(S)
1. P.RameshBabu, “Digital Signal Processing”, Scitech Publications, 4th edition, 2012Pvt Ltd.
2. A.NagoorKani, “Digital Signal Processing”, RBA Publications,1st edition, 2005.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 20EC07 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites : Signals & Systems

Course Educational Objectives: This course provides the knowledge on various analog
modulation techniques in both time and frequency domains. The course will give an idea about
generation and demodulation methods of various analog modulation techniques. It also gives
the complete information regarding the transmitter and receiver types and performance
evaluation of continuous wave modulation schemes.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to

Understand the fundamental concepts of various analog modulation schemes with

CO1
relevant time and frequency domain representations.(Understand – L2)
Interpret the generation, detection of continuous wave and pulse analog modulation
CO2
techniques. (Understand – L2)
Apply the concepts of analog modulation and demodulation techniques for
CO3
calculating communication system related parameters.(Apply – L3)
Analyze the performance of continuous wave modulation schemes in the presence of
CO4
channel noise.(Analyze – L4)

Course Articulation Matrix (Correlation between COs & POs, PSOs):

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - 2 1 - -
CO2 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - 2 2 - -
CO3 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2 3 - -
CO4 2 3 1 1 - - - - - - - 3 3 - -
Note: Enter Correlation Levels 1 or 2 or 3. If there is no correlation, put ‘-’
1- Slight (Low), 2 – Moderate (Medium), 3 - Substantial (High).

Pre-requisites: Signals and Systems

UNIT-I
Introduction to Communication System: Elements of Communication System, Need for
Modulation, Classification of Modulation.
Amplitude Modulation: Time and Frequency Domain Representation of AM, Power relations
in AM wave, Generation of AM waves: Square law Modulator, Switching Modulator, and
Demodulation of AM wave: Square law demodulator, Envelope detector.
Double Side band Suppressed Carrier Modulation: Time and Frequency domain
representation, Generation of DSBSC: Balanced modulator & Ring Modulator, Coherent
Detection of DSBSC wave, Costas Loop.

UNIT-II
Single Side band Modulation: Time and Frequency domain representation, Generation of
SSBSC: Filter Method& Phase-shift Method, Coherent detection of SSB wave.
Vestigial Side Band Modulation:

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Introduction to Vestigial Side band Modulation, Generation of VSB modulated wave, Time
domain description, Envelop Detection of a VSB plus carrier, Comparisons of AM Techniques,
Applications of different AM Systems.

UNIT-III
Angle Modulation: Types of Angle Modulation, Frequency Modulation: Time domain
representation, Single tone Frequency Modulation, Time and Frequency Domain representation
of Narrow Band Frequency Modulation and wide band Frequency Modulation (Derivation not
required), Transmission power and Band width of FM wave, Generation of FM waves: Indirect
FM, Direct FM.
Demodulation of FM wave: Frequency Discrimination method: Simple slope detector,
Balanced Slope detector, Phase Discrimination method: Foster Seeley Discrimination method,
Ratio detector, Phase Locked Loop.

UNIT-IV
Radio Transmitters: Classification of Transmitters, AM Transmitter: Low level, high level
AM Transmitters, FM transmitters: Reactance tube and Armstrong Method.
Radio Receivers:
Tuned Radio Frequency receiver and its Limitations, Need for heterodyning, AM Super
Heterodyne Receiver, Frequency Changing and Tracking, Concept of Intermediate Frequency,
Automatic Gain Control: Simple AGC, Delayed AGC, FM receiver.

UNIT-V
Noise in Analog Communication Systems: Noise in communication system, Signal to Noise
ratio calculations in AM, DSBSC, SSBSC and FM receivers, Threshold Effect, Pre-Emphasis
and De Emphasis circuits, Introduction to Carrier to Noise Ratio, Signal to Interference plus
Noise Ratio.
Analog Pulse Modulation: Need for Pulse Modulation, Types of Pulse analog Modulation,
Pulse Amplitude Modulation Generation and Demodulation, Pulse Width Modulation
Generation and Demodulation, Pulse Position Modulation Generation and Demodulation.
Multiplexing: Frequency Division Multiplexing, Time Division Multiplexing.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Edition, 1983.
2. George Kennedy ,Davis, “Electronic Communication Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill
Education, 4th edition, 1999

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. G.K.Mithal, “Radio Engineering”, Khanna Publishers,20th Edition,2000
Sanjay Sharma, “Analog Communication Systems”,S.K.Katariya& Sons,2nd Edition, 2007

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L T P Cr.
20EC08 – ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND
B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 3 0 0 3
TRANSMISSION LINES

Pre-requisites: Vector Algebra, Coordinate System, Vector Calculus

Course Objectives: This course is useful to impart knowledge on electric and magnetic fields
in both static and dynamic domains. The course will introduce the application of Maxwell’s
equations. The course gives the complete information regarding the Electromagnetic wave
propagation in different mediums. This course will help in the analysis of transmission line
using circuit theory and use the Smith chart to find reflection coefficient, VSWR, impedance in
easy way.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO1 Define the basic laws that govern Electrostatic and Magnetostatic Fields. (Understand
– L2)
CO2 Understand the basic concepts of Electro Magnetic fields in static and time varying
conditions. (Understand – L2)
CO3 Apply the Electromagnetic concepts to different mediums (air, Dielectric media)
(Apply – L3)
CO4 Analyze the characteristics of EM wave propagation in different unbounded and
bounded mediums. (Analyze – L4)

COURSE ARTICULATION MATRIX(Correlation between COs, POs & PSOs):

P
COs PO1 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
O2
CO1 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 3 - -
CO2 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 3 - -
CO3 2 3 2 1 1 1 - - - - - 2 3 - -
CO4 2 3 2 1 1 - - - - - 2 3 - -

Note: Enter Correlation Levels 1 or 2 or 3. If there is no correlation, put ‘-’

1- Slight (Low), 2 – Moderate (Medium), 3 - Substantial (High).

UNIT-I
Electrostatics: Coulombs Law, Electric Field Intensity, Continuous Charge Distributions,
Electric Flux Density, Gauss’s Law, Applications of Gauss’s Law, Electric Potential,
Maxwell’s Two Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Electric Dipole Moment, Electrostatic
Energy Density, Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations. Capacitance of different capacitors.

UNIT-II
Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart’s Law, Ampere’s Circuit Law, Applications of Ampere’s Circuit
Law, Magnetic Flux Density, Maxwell’s two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic
Scalar and Vector Potentials. Force due to Magnetic Field, Magnetic Energy Density and
Concept of Inductance.
Maxwell’s Equations: Faraday’s Law, Continuity Equation, Inconsistency of Amperes Law,
Differential and Integral Form of Four Maxwell’s Equations, Boundary Conditions.

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UNIT-III
Electromagnetic Waves – I: Concept of Electromagnetic Wave, Wave Propagation in Lossy
Dielectrics, Wave Propagation in Lossless Dielectrics, Wave Propagation in Free Space, Wave
Propagation in Good Conductors- Skin Depth, Concept of Polarization- Linear Polarization,
Circular Polarization, Elliptical Polarization.

UNIT-IV
Electromagnetic Waves – II: Reflection of a Plane Wave at Normal Incidence (Dielectric-
Dielectric & Dielectric-Conductor Interface), Reflection of a Plane Wave at Oblique Incidence
(Parallel and Perpendicular Polarization) - Reflection Coefficient, Transmission Coefficient,
Brewster Angle, Critical Angle; Surface Impedance, Poynting Theorem, Power Loss in a Plane
Conductor.

UNIT-V
Transmission Lines: Types, Transmission line equations, Primary and Secondary Constants,
Lossless, Distortion less, Low loss Transmission lines, Concept of Loading, Input Impedance
relations, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR, Short Circuit and Open Circuit Lines, UHF Lines as
Circuit elements, Matched Lines-λ/4, λ/2, λ/8 lines, Impedance Transformations, Infinite Line
Concepts, Power in a Transmission line, Smith Chart, Quarter wave transformer, single stub
matching and double stub matching, Microstrip lines-structure, effective dielectric constant,
characteristic impedance.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Matthew N.O.Sadiku, “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics”, Oxford University
Press, 4th Edition.
2. William Hayt, J A Buck, M JallelAkhtar “Engineering Electromagnetics”, TMH Publishers,
8th Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Jordan and Balmain, “Electromagnetic fields and Radiating systems”, Pearson education.
2. K.Shevgaonkar, “Electromagnetic waves”, TMH Publishers.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 20MC02 – ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2 0 0 0

Prerequisite: Nil
Course Objectives:
In this course the student will learn about

 Environmental issues like over population, human health etc related to local, regional and
global levels.
 The necessity of resources, their exploitation and sustainable management.
 The interactions of human and ecosystems and their role in the food web in the natural
world.
 The global biodiversity, threats to biodiversity and its conservation.
 Environmental problems like pollution, disasters and possible solutions.
 The importance of environmental decision making in organizations through audits.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, the student will be able to

CO1: Identify environmental problems arising due to engineering and technological

activities that help to be the part of sustainable solutions. (Remember– L1)
CO2: Evaluate local, regional, and global environmental issues related to resources and
their sustainable management (Understand - L2)
CO3: Realize the importance of ecosystem and biodiversity for maintaining ecological
balance. (Understand - L2)
CO4: Acknowledge and prevent the problems related to pollution of air, water, and soil.
(Apply– L3)
CO5: Identify the significance of implementing environmental laws and abatement devices
for environmental management. (Understand - L2)

UNIT – I :Nature and scope of Environmental Problems

 Introduction to Environment Science.

 Population explosion, variations among nations
 Resettlement and Rehabilitation - Issues and possible solutions
 Environmental hazards – causes and solutions. Biological hazards – AIDS, Malaria,
Chemical hazards- BPA, PCB, Phthalates, Mercury, Nuclear hazards- Risk and
evaluation of hazards.
 Role of Information Technology in environmental management and human health

UNIT – II :Natural Resources and Conservation

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Introduction and classification of Natural Resources

 Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, Timber extraction, mining,
dams and their effects on forests and tribal people
 Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, conflicts over
water, interlinking of rivers, dams-benefits and problems, Rainwater harvesting
 Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using
mineral resources
 Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing,
effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, soil salinity
 Energy resources: Growing energy needs renewable, non-renewable and alternate
energy resources

UNIT – III :Ecology and Biodiversity

 Structure and functions of an Ecosystem, Food chains and Food webs, Ecological
succession, Ecological pyramids, Biogeochemical cycles
 Biodiversity, Values of biodiversity, Bio geographical classification of India.
Endangered and endemic species of India, Threats to biodiversity; Man and wild life
conflicts, Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation methods

UNIT – IV : Environmental Pollution

Introduction to Environmental Pollution Causes, effects and control measures of:

Air pollution, Water pollution, Noise pollution, Solid Waste Management – Sources,
Classification, effects and control measures of Municipal solid waste, Biomedical waste &
Hazardous and e-waste, Disaster Management.

UNIT – V : Environmental Management

 Sustainable development and unsustainability

 Climate disruption, Greenhouse effect, Ozone layer depletion and Acid rain.
 Stockholm and Rio Summit
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
 Green building
 Environmental Law- Air, Water, Wildlife, Forest, and Environmental protection act

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Anubha Kaushik, C.P.Kaushik, “Perspectives in Environmental Studies”, 5nd edition,
New age international publishers, Delhi, 2016.
2. G. Tyler Miller, Scott Spoolman, “Introduction to Environmental Studies”, 13th
Edition, Cengage Learning, New Delhi, 2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. M. Anji Reddy, “Textbook of Environmental Sciences and Technology”, 2nd Edition,

BS Publications, Delhi 2011.
2. Deeshita Dave, P. Udaya Bhaskar, “Environmental Studies”, 2nd Edition, Cengage
Learning, New Delhi, 2012.
3. S.Deswal, A. Deswal, “A Basic course in Environmental Studies”, 2nd Edition,
Educational & Technical Publishers, Delhi, 2014.

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4. R. Rajagopalan, “Environmental Studies (From Crisis to Cure)”, 3rd Edition, Oxford

University Press, New Delhi, 2012.
5. De, A.K, “Environmental Chemistry”, 5th Edition, New Age International (P) Limited,
New Delhi, 2003.
6. Dr.K.V.S.G. Murali Krishna, “Environmental Studies”, 1st Edition, VGS Techno Series,
Vijayawada, 2010.
7. Mahua Basu, S.Xavier, “Fundamentals of Environmental Studies”, 1st edition,
Cambridge University Press, Delhi, 2016.

L T P Cr.
20AD53 – PROGRAMMING USING PYTHON
B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 1 0 2 2
LAB

Pre-requisite : Programming languages like C Language.

Course Educational Objective:

The Objective of Python course is to lead the students from the basics of writing and running
Python scripts in problem solving and also to design and implement the modules and
understands the working of classes and objects in python.

Course Outcomes (COs):At the end of the course, the student shall be able to

CO 1: Identify various programming constructs available in Python and apply them in solving
computational problems. (Apply - L3)
CO 2: Demonstrate data structures available in Python and apply them in solving
computational problems. (Apply - L3)
CO 3: Implement modular programming, string manipulations and Python Libraries
(Apply - L3)
CO 4: Improve individual / teamwork skills, communication & report writing skills with
ethical values.

Introduction: Language basics and example problems ( Two weeks)

Implement Python Script for checking the given year is leap year or not.
Implement Python Script for finding biggest number among 3 numbers.
Implement Python Script for displaying reversal of a number.
Implement Python Script to check given number is Armstrong or not.
Implement Python Script to print sum of N natural numbers.
Implement Python Script to check given number is palindrome or not.
Implement Python script to print factorial of a number.

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Implement Python Script to print all prime numbers within the given range.
Implement Python Script to calculate the series: S=1+x+x2+x3+.......xn
Implement Python Script to print the following pattern:
*
* *
* * *

Module 1: Exercise Programs on Lists.

Write a Python script to display elements of list in reverse order.
Write a Python script to find the minimum and maximum elements without using built-in
operations in the lists.
Write a Python script to remove duplicates from a list.
Write a Python script to append a list to the second list.
Write a Python script to count the number of strings in a list where the string length is 2 or
more.
Module 2: Exercise Programs on Tuples.
Write a Python script to create a tuple with different data types.
Write a Python script to find the repeated items of a tuple.
Write a Python script to replace last value of tuples in a list.
Sample list: [(10, 20, 40), (40, 50, 60), (70, 80, 90)]
Expected Output: [(10, 20, 100), (40, 50, 100), (70, 80, 100)]
Write a Python script to sort a tuple by its float element.
Sample data: [('item1', '12.20'), ('item2', '15.10'), ('item3', '24.5')]
Expected Output: [('item3', '24.5'), ('item2', '15.10'), ('item1', '12.20')]
Module 3: Exercise Programs on Sets.
Write a Python script to add member(s) in a set.
Write a Python script to perform Union, Intersection, difference and symmetric difference of
given two sets.
Write a Python script to test whether every element in S is in T and every element in T is in S.
Module 4: Exercise Programs on Dictionaries
Write a Python script to sort (ascending and descending) a dictionary by value.
Write a Python script to check whether a given key already exists or not in a dictionary.
Write a Python script to concatenate following dictionaries to create a new one.
Sample Dictionary : dic1={1:10, 2:20} dic2={3:30, 4:40} dic3={5:50,6:60}
Expected Result : {1: 10, 2: 20, 3: 30, 4: 40, 5: 50, 6: 60}

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Write a Python script to print a dictionary where the keys are numbers between 1 and 15 (both
included) and the values are square of keys.
Write a Python program to map two lists into a dictionary.
Module 5: Exercise Programs on functions and recursion.
a) Define a function max_of_three() that takes three numbers as arguments and returns the
largest of them.
b) Write a program which makes use of function to display all such numbers which are divisible
by 7 but are not a multiple of 5, between given range X and Y.
c) Define functions to find mean, median, mode for the given numbers in a list.
d) Define a function which generates Fibonacci series up to n numbers.
e) Implement a python script for factorial of number by using recursion.
f) Implement a python script to find GCD of given two numbers using recursion.
Module 6: Exercise programs on Strings
a) Implement Python Script to perform various operations on string using string libraries.
b) Implement Python Script to check given string is palindrome or not.
c) Implement python script to accept line of text and find the number of characters, number of
vowels and number of blank spaces in it.
d)Implement python script that takes a list of words and returns the length of the longest one.
Module 7: Exercise programs on Regular Expressions
a) Write a Python script to check that a string contains only a certain set of characters (in
this case a-z, A-Z and 0-9).
b) Write a Python script to check whether password is valid or not.
Conditions for a valid password are:
Should have at least one number.
Should have at least one uppercase and one lowercase character.
Should have at least one special symbol.
Should be between 6 to 20 characters long.
Module 8 : Exercise programs on Matplotlib Library
a) Write a Python program to draw a line with suitable label in the x axis, y axis and
a title.
b) Write a Python program to plot two or more lines with legends, different widths
and colors.
c) Write a Python program to create multiple plots.
d) Write a Python programming to display a bar chart using different color for each
bar.
e) Write a Python programming to create a pie chart with a title.

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f) Write a Python program to draw a scatter plot with empty circles taking a random
distribution in X and Y and plotted against each other.
********

L T P Cr.
20EC55 – DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 0 0 3 1.5
LAB

Pre-Requisites: C – Programming, Basic Definitions of signals and systems.

Course Objectives: This course provides generation of basic signals and operations on signals.
This course also provides design of IIR filters using Butterworth and Chebyshev approximation
techniques and FIR filters using windowing techniques. This course also gives the knowledge
about DSP Processors.
Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students are able to
CO1: Understand the generation and operations of signals using MATLAB. (Understand –
L2)
CO2: Analyze the signals in time and frequency domains using MATLAB and Code
Composer Studio. (Analyze – L4)
CO3: Design IIR and FIR Filters and obtain their frequency response using MATLAB.
(Apply – L3)
CO4: Adapt effective communication, presentation skills and report writing. (Apply – L3)

PO
COs PO1 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
2
1 1 - - 1 - - - - - - -
CO1 - - 1
2 3 - - 1 - - - - - - 2
CO2 - - 2
2 2 3 1 2 - - - - - - 2
CO3 - - 2
- - - 2 - - - 1 2 3 - 1
CO4 - - -

List of Experiments
Part I: Experiments using MATLAB Software
1. Generation of discrete time (DT) signals and operations on DT signals.
2. Linear Convolution.
3. Circular Convolution.
4. Computation of N-Point DFT and IDFT.
5. Linear and Circular convolution using DFT and IDFT.
6. Power Spectral Density for sinusoidal signal.
7. Design of Digital IIR butter worth filter using Bi-linear Transformation.
8. Design of Digital IIR Chebyshev filter using Bi-linear Transformation.

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9. Design of FIR filters using window techniques.

Part II: Experiments using Code Composer Studio Simulation Soft ware and DSP
Processors.
1. Linear Convolution.
2. Circular Convolution.
3. Computation of DFT.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 20EC56 – ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LAB 0 0 2 1

Pre-requisites: signals and systems.

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the practical exposure on analog
communication schemes and gives the practical knowledge about pulse modulation techniques
used in communication systems. It also gives the knowledge on implementation of continuous
wave and pulse modulation schemes using MATLAB.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to
Demonstrate the practical aspects of continuous wave modulation schemes.(Understand –
CO1
L2)
CO2 Construct the circuits for studying pulse modulation techniques. (Apply – L3)
Apply the programming aspects of MATLAB in simulation of continuous wave and pulse
CO3
modulation techniques(Apply – L3)
CO4 Adapt effective communication, presentation and report writing skills.(Apply – L3)

Course Articulation Matrix (Correlation between COs & POs, PSOs):

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 3 3 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - -
CO2 2 3 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 2 - -
CO3 3 2 2 - 2 - - - - - - 2 3 - -
CO4 - - - - - - - 1 2 3 - 1 - - -
Note: Enter Correlation Levels 1 or 2 or 3. If there is no correlation, put ‘-’
1- Slight (Low), 2 – Moderate (Medium), 3 - Substantial (High).

Pre-requisites: signals and systems.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
Part-A
1. Generate the Amplitude modulated (AM) signal for different modulation indices and
reconstruct the original signal.
2. Demonstrate the generation of Frequency modulated signal and reconstruction of original
signal.
3. Use product modulator to generate double sideband suppressed carrier AM signal and
demodulate the signal using Synchronous detector.
4. Apply phase shift method for generating the Single sideband modulated AM signal and
demodulate using coherent detector.
5. Estimate the cutoff frequencies for Pre emphasis and De-emphasis circuits.
6. Generate the Pulse Amplitude Modulated signal and reconstruct the original signal using
low pass filter
7. Construct circuits for generating the Pulse width and Pulse position modulated signals
using IC555 and perform demodulation to reconstruct the message signal
8. Generation of sampled signal for different sampling rates and verify sampling theorem for
efficient reconstruction.

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Part-B (Simulation Using MATLAB)

9. Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation.
10. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation.
11. Pulse Amplitude Modulation techniques.
12. Simulation of Pulse Time Modulation techniques.

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Skill Oriented Course-2: L T P Cr.

B.Tech. (IV-Sem.) 20ECS2- MODELING, DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING 1 0 2 2

Pre-requisites: C-Programming, Pulse and Digital Circuits.

Course Educational Objectives:

In this course, student will learn about how to build an engineering application with
LabVIEW software and associated hardware.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of this course, students will be able to

CO1: Understand the programming concept of virtual instruments. (Understand – L2)

CO2: Develop real time applications using loops, formula nodes, array, clusters and DAQ.
(Apply – L3)

UNIT – I: LabVIEW Basics:

Virtual instrumentation-front panel, block diagram, data flow programming, Graphical
programming, VI& Sub VIs, loops, shift register, feedback node, formula node, case and
sequence structures, arrays, clusters.

UNIT – II: LabVIEW Advanced and DAQ

Waveform Graphs, waveform charts, files I/O, local and global variables, Data Acquisition in
LabVIEW, DAQ Installation and Configuration, DAQ Assistant, DAQ Hardware.

TEXTBOOK:

1. S. Sumathi, P.Surekha, Virtual Instrumentation with LabVIEW, ACME Learning Pvt.

Ltd.,2007.
2. Jeffrey Travis, Jimkring, LabVIEW for Everyone, Pearson Education, 2009.

REFERENCES:

1. Jovitha Jerome, Virtual Instrumentation using LabVIEW, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2006.
2. Rick Bitter, Taqi Mohiuddin, Matt Nawrocki – LabVIEW Advanced Programming
Techniques, CRC Press, 2009.

HANDS – ON LABORATORY SESSIONS

1. VI and Data operations

2. For and While Loops
3. Buttons, Timers and Graphs
4. Flat Sequence & Case Structure Applications
5. Arrays and Clusters
6. Sub VIs and Formula nodes
7. File operations
8. DAQ Installation and Configuration
9. DAQ- Digital applications
10. DAQ- Analog applications

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 20EC09 – DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Pre-Requisites: Analog Communications

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on different digital
modulation techniques. The course provides different concepts on information theory, block
codes and convolution codes. It gives the methods of optimum receivers for digital
communication systems and performance of probability of error for digital modulation
techniques.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, student will be able to
CO1 Understand the concepts of digital communication system (Understand – L2)
CO2 Analyze the Baseband and Passband digital modulation techniques (Analyze – L4)
CO3 Examine the optimum reception and probability of error of digital modulation (Apply – L3)
CO4 Apply source coding and error control coding techniques in digital communication process
(Apply – L3)

UNIT – I [9 Hrs]
Pulse Digital Modulation: Elements of a Digital Communication System, Sampling and
Quantization of signals- Quantization noise, Pulse Digital Modulation Systems: Pulse Code
Modulation(PCM) System, Encoding, Regenerative repeaters, Decoding, Reconstruction,
effect of noise in PCM-Calculation of output SNR in PCM; Need for non-uniform
quantization- Companding- μ-law, A-law; Differential Pulse Code Modulation; Delta
Modulation; Adaptive Delta Modulation.

UNIT – II [8 Hrs]
Optimal Reception of Digital Signal: Model of digital communication system, Gram-
Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, Geometric interpretation of signals, Response of bank
of correlators to noisy input, Detection of known signals in noise: Maximum likelihood
detector, probability of error, Correlation Receiver, Matched Filter Receiver, Probability of
error for matched filter.

UNIT – III [8 Hrs]

Digital Modulation Techniques: Wave form representation of different digital modulation
techniques; Amplitude Shift Keying, Coherent Phase Shift Keying(PSK)- Binary Phase Shift
Keying, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, Differential PSK, Coherent Frequency Shift Keying,
Probability of error for BASK, BPSK, BFSK.

UNIT – IV [8 Hrs]
Information Theory and Source Coding: Discrete message and information content,
Concept of amount of Information- Average Information, Entropy, Information Rate, Mutual
Information and its properties; Source Coding to increase Average Information per bit-
Source coding theorem, Shannon-Fano Coding, Huffman Coding; Channel Capacity of
Gaussian Channel-Band width-S/N trade off.

UNIT – V [9 Hrs]
Linear Block Codes and Convolution Codes: Matrix description of Linear Block codes,
Syndrome Decoding, Error detection and error correction capabilities of Linear block codes;
Binary Cyclic Codes- Algebraic structure, Systematic and Non Systematic form, Encoding,
Syndrome calculation; Convolution Codes- Encoding of Convolution Codes- Graphical

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approach- State diagram, Code tree and Trellis diagram; Decoding of Convolution Codes-
Viterbi decoding algorithm.

TEXT BOOK
1. Simon Haykin,“Digital Communications”,John Wiley & sons, 2nd Edition.
2. Taub and Schilling, “Principles of Communication Systems”, TMH Publications, 3rd
edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. J. S. Chitode,“Digital Communications”,Technical Publications, first edition.
2. V.ChandraSekar,“Communication Systems”,Oxford University Press.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 20EC10 – ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: EM Waves and Transmission Lines.

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on Antennas and
Radiation fundamentals. The course will expose different types of Antennas and their
applications. The course also gives the complete information regarding Propagation of Radio
wave in atmosphere.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to
Understand basic antenna parameters, radiation mechanism, characteristics of radio
CO1
wave propagations (Understand – L2)
Analyze wire antenna, ground, space, and sky wave propagation mechanism for
CO2
communication purpose and various Antenna Arrays (Analyze – L4)
CO3 Design HF, VHF and UHF Antennas (Apply – L3)
CO4 Apply antenna measurement methods to assess antenna’s performance (Apply – L3)

UNIT-I [9 Hrs]
Antenna Fundamentals: Radiation Mechanism-single wire antenna, Current Distribution on a
thin wire antenna, Isotropic Radiators, Directional Antennas, Antenna Parameters: Radiation
intensity, Radiation Pattern, Total Power radiated, gain, Directivity, Radiation efficiency,
Power gain, HPBW, FNBW, effective aperture, effective length, Band Width.
Radiation Fundamentals:
Potential functions-heuristic approach, Maxwell’s equation approach, Potential functions for
sinusoidal oscillations, Analysis of Radiation fields of a Alternating current element, quarter
wave Monopole and half wave dipole, Power radiated by current element, Radiation resistance
of current element, quarter wave Monopole and half wave dipole.

UNIT-II [8 Hrs]
Antenna Array Analysis: Various forms of Antenna Arrays, Linear Array of Two Point
Sources and N-Point Sources, Expression for electric field from two and N element arrays,
Broad-side array and End-Fire array, Method of pattern multiplication, Binomial array, Loop
Antenna.

UNIT-III [8 Hrs]
HF, VHF and UHF Antennas: Resonant Antennas, Non-Resonant Antennas, Helical Antenna,
Travelling wave antennas – V Antenna, Inverted V Antenna, Rhombic Antenna, Broadband
Antennas-Folded Dipole, Yagi-Uda Antenna, Log-Periodic Antenna.

UNIT-IV [9 Hrs]
Microwave Antennas: Horn Antenna & Types, Reflector Antennas- Corner Reflector,
Parabolic Reflector – (Geometry, types of feeds, F/D Ratio, Spill Over, Back Lobes), Lens
Antenna, Fundamentals of Rectangular Patch antenna.
Antenna Measurements: Measurement of Antenna parameters- Directional pattern, Radiation
resistance, Gain (Two Antenna, Three Antenna Methods), Directivity, Beam width, SLR,
Polarization, Impedance.

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UNIT-V [8 Hrs]
Wave Propagation: Concepts of Propagation-frequency ranges and types of propagation
Ground Wave Propagation: Characteristics, Parameters, Wave Tilt
Sky Wave Propagation: Formation of Ionospheric Layers and their Characteristics,
Mechanism of Reflection and Refraction, Critical Frequency, MUF & Skip Distance,
Optimum Frequency, LUHF, Virtual Height.
Space Wave Propagation: Fundamental Equation for free space Propagation, Basic
Transmission Loss Calculations. Space Wave Propagation Mechanism, LOS and Radio
Horizon, Duct Propagation.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Constantine A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design", John Wiley & sons
Publishers,2nd Edition.
2. G.S.N Raju, “Antennas and Wave Propagation”, Pearson Education Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Jordan and Balmain, Electromagnetic fields and Radiating systems, Pearson Education
Publishers.
2. John D. Kraus, "Antennas and Wave Propagation", TMH Publishers

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 20EC11 – LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Analog Circuit Design

Course Educational Objective: This course provides knowledge on Integrated Circuit (IC),
Op-amp internal structure and various applications of it; Design of Op-Amp based Active
Filters and waveform generators, applications of 555 timers and Phased Locked Loop.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Identify the building blocks of linear integrated circuits, characteristics and application
of Op-Amps (Understand – L2)
CO2: Apply the concepts of feedback to op-amps for linear and non-linear applications
(Apply – L3)
CO3: Analyze Op-Amp, 555 timer applications, phase locked loops to perform addition and
multiplication of signals and voltage regulators using Linear ICs (Analyze – L4)
CO4: Design active filters, waveform generators and data converters using Op Amps (Apply
– L3)
UNIT – I [9 Hrs]
Transistor Current Sources: Basic Current Source, Widlar Current Source, Cascode
Current Source, Wilson Current Source.
Differential Amplifiers: Classification, DC and AC analysis of differential amplifier
Configurations, specifications, FET differential amplifier, Level translator and current mirror
circuit.
UNIT – II [9 Hrs]
Operational Amplifiers: Block Diagram, Ideal and Practical characteristics, DC and AC
characteristics of Op-Amp, IC 741 specifications, Measurement of slew rate and CMRR.
Applications of OP Amps: Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier, Integrator and
differentiator, Difference amplifier, Instrumentation amplifier, Analog multiplier, V to I, I to
V converters, Rectifiers, Sample and Hold circuit, Log and Anti log amplifiers.
UNIT – III [9 Hrs]
Op Amp Active Filters: Design and analysis of 1st order & 2nd order Low pass and High
pass filters, Band pass filter, Band reject filter and all pass filters.
Op Amp Waveform Generators: Comparator, design and analysis of Schmitt trigger,
Astable, Monostable Multivibrators and Triangular wave Generator.
Op Amp Sine wave Oscillators: Design and analysis of RC Phase shift Oscillator, Wien
Bridge Oscillator.
UNIT – IV [8 Hrs]
555 Timers: Functional Diagram, Monostable and Astable multivibrators and Applications,
VCO - IC 566 & its features, IC 565 PLL Block Schematic, Applications of PLL.
IC Voltage Regulators: Fixed Voltage Regulators, IC723 General Purpose Regulator.
UNIT – V [7 Hrs]
Digital to Analog Converters: Weighted resistor DAC, R-2R Ladder DAC, Inverted R-2R
DAC.
Analog to Digital Converters: Flash Type ADC, Counter Type ADC, Successive
Approximation ADC, Charge Balancing ADC, Dual Slope ADC.

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TEXT BOOKS
1. Ramakanth A.Gayakwad, Op-amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, Third edition, PHI Publishers,
2006.
2. Roy Choudhury D., Linear Integrated Circuits, Second edition, New Age International (P) Ltd.

REFERENCE
1. Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth Carless Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Fifth Edition. Oxford
University Press.
2. Rashid M. H., Microelectronic Circuits: Analysis and Design, Second edition, PWS
Publishing Company.

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L T P Cr.
20EC12 - ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 3 0 0 3
INSTRUMENTATION

Pre-requisites: Basic knowledge on network analysis and measuring Instruments

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on basic characteristics
of instruments, voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter and various methods of signal generation.
This course will give an idea about measuring electrical parameters like R, L, C, f etc. using
bridges and wave analyzers. This course provides knowledge about oscilloscopes, different
types of transducers in detail.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to

CO1: Understand the concepts of measurements and working principle of different

voltmeters, ammeters, signal generators, Wave analyzers, Oscilloscopes and
Transducers (Understand-L2).
CO2: Analyze the working of different measuring instruments and bridges using
mathematical models (Analyze-L4).
CO3: Apply appropriate passive or active transducers for measurement of physical parameters
(Apply-L3).
CO4: Design ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeters and bridges for the given specifications
(Apply-L3).

UNIT – I [9 Hrs]
Characteristics of Instruments: Static characteristics-Accuracy, Resolution, Precision,
Expected Value, Error, Sensitivity; Dynamic characteristics-Speed of response, Fidelity, Lag,
Dynamic error; Errors in Measurement-Absolute Error, Percentage of Error; Types of Errors-
Gross errors, Systematic errors, Random Errors.
DC Voltmeters: PMMC Movement, Basic Meter as DC Voltmeter, Multirange Voltmeter,
Extending Voltmeter ranges, Concept of loading and Sensitivity; Types of DC Voltmeters-
solid state voltmeter, Basic Differential Voltmeter.
AC Voltmeters- AC Voltmeter using half wave and full wave rectifiers, Multirange AC
Voltmeter.

UNIT – II [9 Hrs]
Ammeters: DC Ammeter-Basic Meter as DC Ammeter, Multirange Ammeter, Aryton Shunt
Ammeter, AC Ammeter- RF Ammeter using Thermocouple instruments.
Ohmmeters: Series and Shunt Type Ohmmeters.
Multimeters: Measurement of Voltage, Current, Resistance.
AC Bridges: Measurement of Impedance-Wheatstone Bridge; Measurement of Inductance-
Maxwell’s bridge, Anderson Bridge. Measurement of Capacitance- Schering Bridge, Wien
Bridge; Errors and precautions.

UNIT – III [8 Hrs]

Signal Generators: Fixed and variable AF Oscillator, Standard Signal Generator, Modern
Laboratory Signal Generator, AF Sine and Square wave Generator, Function Generator,
Square and Pulse Generator, Random noise Generator, Sweep Generator, Arbitrary
Waveform Generator.
Wave Analyzers: Frequency selective wave analyzer, Heterodyne wave analyzer, Distortion
analyzer-Harmonic distortion analyzer; Spectrum analyzer.

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UNIT – IV [8 Hrs]
Oscilloscopes: Block diagram, Vertical Amplifier, Horizontal Deflection System-
Sweep/Time Base Generator, Triggered pulse circuit. Delay line in Triggered sweep, Dual
Beam CRO, Dual Trace Oscilloscope, Digital Storage Oscilloscope Measurement of
Amplitude and Frequency; Sampling Oscilloscope, Lissajous method of frequency
measurement, standard specifications of CRO. Attenuators-Uncompensated Attenuator,
Simple compensated Attenuator.

UNIT – V [8 Hrs]
Transducers: Parameters, Classification, Resistive transducer- Measurement of
displacement, Strain Gauge, Thermistors, Sensistors, Resistance thermometer, Inductive
transducer- Measurement of displacement, LVDT, Capacitive transducer, Piezo electric
Transducer, Photo electric Transducer, Temperature measurement Transducers-
Thermocouple. Linear Velocity Measurement-Moving coil type and Moving magnet type.

TEXT BOOKS
1. H S Kalsi, Electronic Instrumentation, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishers, 3rd Edition.
2. Albert.D. Helfrick and Willam D. Cooper, Modern Electronic Instrumentation and
Measurement Techniques – PHI

REFERENCE
1. AK Sawhney, “A Course in Electrical & Electronic Measurements and
Instrumentation”, Dhanpat Rai and Company, 2004.
2. David A. Bell, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, Oxford University
Press, 2nd Edition

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 20EC13 – DIGITAL IC DESIGN 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Digital Logic Circuits and Electronic Devices and Circuits

Course Educational Objective:

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, the student will be able to-

CO1: Understand the parameters of MOS transistors. (Understand – L2)

CO2: Design of Combinational and Sequential Circuits using MOS transistors. (Apply –
L3)

CO3: Examine the Dynamic logic circuits and their characteristics. (Apply – L3)

CO4: Summarize Semiconductor memories and their organization. (Understand – L2)

UNIT –I [9 Hrs]
MOS Design: Pseudo NMOS Logic – Inverter, Inverter threshold voltage, Output high
voltage, Output Low voltage, Gain at gate threshold voltage, Transient response, Rise
time, Fall time, Pseudo NMOS logic gates, Transistor equivalency, CMOS Inverter logic.

UNIT –II [8 Hrs]

Combinational Logic Circuits: MOS logic circuits with NMOS loads, Primitive CMOS
logic gates – NOR & NAND gate, Realization of Boolean expressions using NMOS and
CMOS gates, AOI and OAI gates.

UNIT –III [8 Hrs]

Sequential Logic Circuits: MOS Logic circuits - SR Latch circuit, Clocked latch and
flip flop circuits: Clocked SR Latch, Clocked JK Latch, and Master slave flip-flop;
CMOS D latch and edge triggered flip-flop.

UNIT –IV [9 Hrs]

Dynamic Logic Circuits: Basic principles of pass transistor circuits: charge storage and
charge leakage; Voltage Bootstrapping; Synchronous dynamic techniques: Dynamic
CMOS Logic (Precharge-Evaluate Logic); High performance Dynamic CMOS circuits:
Domino CMOS Logic, NORA CMOS Logic (NP- Domino Logic), Zipper CMOS
Circuits, and True Single Phase Clock (TSPC) Dynamic CMOS.

UNIT –V [8 Hrs]
Semiconductor Memories: RAM array organization, DRAM – Types, Operation,
Leakage currents in DRAM cell and refresh operation, SRAM operation Leakage
currents in SRAM cells, Flash Memory- NOR flash and NAND flash.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ken Martin, “Digital Integrated Circuit Design”, Oxford University Press, 2011.
2. Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis
and Design”, TMH, 3rd Edition, 2011.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ming-BO Lin, “Introduction to VLSI Systems: A Logic, Circuit and System

Perspective”, CRC Press, 2011
2. Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits
– A Design Perspective”, 2nd Edition, PHI.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
20EC14 – DATA COMMUNICATION AND
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 3 0 0 3
COMPUTER NETWORKS

Pre-requisites: Digital Communications

Course Educational Objective: This course provides knowledge on communication

networks and various protocols used in different layers.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to
CO1 Understand the functions of the OSI, TCP/IP reference models (Understand – L2)
CO2 Summarize design issues for layer protocols (Understand – L2)
CO3 Examine the routing algorithms to find shortest paths for packet delivery (Apply– L3)
CO4 Interpret the operations of application layer protocols (Understand – L2)

UNIT-I [9 Hrs]
Introduction: Network hardware, Network software, Reference models-OSI
reference model, TCP/IP model, Comparison between OSI and TCP/IP, Critique of
the OSI reference model and TCP/IP model.
Physical Layer: Guided transmission medium, Wireless transmission medium.

UNIT-II [8 Hrs]
Data Link Layer: Design issues, Error detection and correction codes, Elementary
data link protocols, Sliding window protocols.
Medium Access Control Sub layer: Channel allocation problem, multiple access
protocols, Ethernet, Wireless LANs, Bluetooth.

UNIT-III [8 Hrs]
Network Layer: Design issues, routing algorithms-Optimality principle, shortest
path algorithm, Flooding, Distance vector routing, Link state routing, Hierarchical
routing, Broadcast routing, Multicast routing. Congestion control algorithms.
.
UNIT-IV [8 Hrs]
Internetworking, Network layer in the internet- IPV4, IPV6, Comparison between
IPV4 & IPV6, Internet control protocols, OSPF, BGP.
Transport Layer: Services provided to the upper layers, elements of transport
protocol-addressing, connection establishment, connection release, Crash recovery.

UNIT-V [9 Hrs]
The Internet Transport Protocols UDP-RPC, Real Time Transport Protocols The
Internet Transport Protocols-Introduction to TCP, the TCP Service Model, the TCP
Segment Header.
Application Layer: Domain name system, Electronic mail-Architecture and
services, SMTP, World Wide Web - Architecture overview, FTP, FTP Commands
& replies.
Structure of management information, management information base and simple
network management protocol.

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TEXTBOOKS
1. Tanenbaum and Wetherall, “Computer Networks”, Pearson Education, 5th Edition.
2. Behrouz. A. Forouzan, “Data Communication and Networking”, 4th Edition, Tata
McGraw-hill, New Delhi, 2006

REFERENCES
1. S.Keshav,”An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks”, Pearson Education, 2nd
Edition,
2. W.A.Shay,”Understanding communications and Networks”, Cengage Learning, 3rd
Edition

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 20EC57 – DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB 0 0 3 1.5

Pre-Requisites: Analog Communications, Signals and Systems

Course Educational Objective: This Course provides practical exposure on different aspects
of digital communications. It demonstrates the importance of different modulation techniques in
digital communication systems. It also gives the knowledge about different encoding and
decoding techniques used in digital communication systems.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, student will be able to
CO1 Interpret baseband and passband modulation and demodulation techniques (Understand
– L2)
CO2 Apply coding techniques for error detection and correction in digital data transmission
(Apply – L3).
CO3 Implement frequency and phase shift keying techniques using Software Defined Radio
(Apply – L3).
CO4 Adopt effective communication, presentation and report writing skills (Apply – L3).

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

PART-A

1. Generate digital signal from analog using Pulse Code Modulation and reconstruct
original signal.
2. Demonstrate the analog to digital conversion using Delta Modulation and Demodulation
3. Perform Adaptive Delta Modulation and obtain the reconstructed original signal.
4. Generate the Amplitude Shift Keying Modulated signal and reconstruct the original
signal using demodulation.
5. Obtain the modulated and demodulated signals for Frequency Shift Keying
6. Perform a digital modulation using Binary Phase Shift Keying and reconstruct the
original signal using coherent detection.
7. Generate the digital modulated signal using Quadrature Phase shift Keying Modulation
and reconstruct the original signal.
8. Examine the error detection and correction process using Linear Block Code.
9. Apply the Binary Cyclic Code for error detection and correction of digital data.

PART-B (Implementation using Software Defined Radio)

10. Binary Frequency Shift Keying Modulation and Demodulation
11. Binary Phase Shift Keying Modulation and Demodulation
12. Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation and Demodulation

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 20EC58 – LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS LAB 0 0 3 1.5

Pre-requisites: Fundamentals of Electronic Devices, Analog Circuits.

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the practical exposure on development of
Integrated Circuit (IC) based arithmetic applications realization, Design of Active Filters and
different waveform generators and design of multivibrators using 555 timer and its applications.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Demonstrate the characteristics and applications of Op-Amps (Understand – L2)
CO2: Apply the 555 Timer circuit concepts for the realization of waveform generators (Apply –
L3)
CO3: Design Active filters, arithmetic circuits, waveform generators and data converters using
Op-Amp (Apply – L3)
CO4: Adapt effective Communication, presentation and report writing skills (Apply – L3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
(Any of the 10 experiments are required to be conducted)

1. Verification of functionality of Inverting and Non-inverting amplifiers for the Sine and
Square wave inputs.
2. Realization of Adder and Subtractor using Op-Amp.
3. Realization of Differentiator and Integrator using Op-Amp.
4. Design, Realization and plot the frequency response of First order Low pass and High
pass filters using Op-Amp.
5. Design and plot the frequency response of Band pass filter using Op-Amp.
6. Design and Realization of Op-Amp based Astable multivibrator for Square wave
generation.
7. Design and Realization of 555 timer based Monostable multivibrator for Pulse
generation.
8. Construction of Schmitt Trigger using Op-Amp and calculate UTP and LTP values.
9. Design and Realization of 555 timer based Astable multivibrator for square wave
generation.
10. Design and Realization of RC phase shift Oscillator for sinusoidal signal generation
using Op-Amp.
11. Design and Realization of Function generator for square wave and triangular waves
using Op-Amps.
12. Design and Realization of Pulse generators using Op-Amp.
13. Design and Realization of 3-bit Digital to Analog converter using Op-Amp.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
20ECS3 – DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF
B.Tech. (V Sem.) 1 0 2 2
ANTENNAS

Pre-requisites: Electromagnetic waves and Transmission Lines.

Course Educational Objectives: In this course, student will learn about how to design and analyze
various transmission lines and antennas using Ansys HFSS Software.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of this course, students will be able to

CO1 Understand the basic concepts of transmission lines and antennas according to
Requirement and applications. (Understand – L2)

CO2 Apply software tools for different transmission lines and antennas. (Apply – L3)

CO3 Design and analyze the different parameters of transmission lines and antennas.
(Analyze – L4)

CO4 Adapt effective communication, presentation and report writing skills. (Apply – L3)

UNIT – I:Introduction to S parameters, return loss, Voltage standing wave ration(VSWR),transmission

coefficient, Basic of HFSS simulation software, Transmission lines-short circuit, open circuit

UNIT – II: Introduction to micro strip patch antennas, Design specifications, Rectangular and circular
patch antennas, Dual band and wide band Patch antennas.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Constantine A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design", John Wiley &sons Publishers,
2nd Edition
2. JR James, PS Hall “Handbook of Microstrip Antennas” IEE Electromagnetic waves series, 1986.

REFERENCES:
1. Matthew N.O. Sadiku, “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics”, Oxford University Press, 4th
Edition..
2. David. M. Pozar “Microwave Engineering”, 4th edition, WILEY Publication, 2013.

HANDS – ON LABORATORY SESSIONS

Design and Simulation using HFSS:
1. Micro strip patch antennas using strip line feed.
2. Micro strip patch antennas using coaxial feed.
3. Rectangular micro strip patch.
4. Patch Antenna for Wi-Fi Application
5. Patch Antenna for Wi-Max Application
6. Circular micro strip patch.
7. Dipole antenna.
8. Dual band antennas.
9. Microstrip line
10. Open and short circuit transmission line
11. Multi stub unit
12. Study of characteristic impedances of transmission line

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L T P Cr.
20EC15 – MICROPROCESSORS AND
B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 3 0 0 3
MICROCONTROLLERS

Pre requisite: Digital Logic Circuits

Course Educational Objective: In this course student will learn about the architecture of 8086
Microprocessor, 8051 Microcontroller and ARM, programming using assembly language,
interfacing of devices for real time applications.

Course Outcomes: (COs): At the end of the course, students are able to:
CO 1 Understand the architecture of 8086, 8051 and ARM Controller (Understand – L2)
CO 2 Apply Assembly Language instructions for Processor and Controller based
applications (Apply – L3)
CO 3 Analyze the operating modes and interrupt structures of processors and controllers
(Analyze – L4)
CO 4 Develop the ARM based interfacing systems for Real time applications (Apply – L3)

UNIT-I: 8086 MICROPROCESSOR [9 HRS]

Architecture, Pin diagram, Register organization, Minimum mode and Maximum mode, timing
diagrams. Addressing modes, Instruction set, Interrupt vector table, Assembly language
programming - data transfer, arithmetic, logical and decision making operations.

UNIT- II: 8051 MICROCONTROLLER [8 HRS]

Architecture, Input/output Ports, Registers, Counter and Timers, Serial port, Interrupts,
addressing modes, instruction set and Programming - data transfer, arithmetic, logical and
decision making operations.

UNIT – III: ARM ARCHITECTURE & PROGRAMMING MODEL [9 HRS]

History, Architecture, ARM design philosophy, Registers, Program status register, Instruction
pipeline, Interrupts and vector table, ARM processor families, Instruction set: Data processing
instructions, Addressing modes, Branch, Load-Store instructions, PSR instructions, and
Conditional instructions.

UNIT – IV: ARM PROGRAMMING [8 HRS]

Assembly programming, General structure of assembly language, Writing programs, Branch
instructions, Loading constrains, load and store instructions, Read only and read/write Memory,
Multiple Register Load and Store.

UNIT – V: INTERFACING ARM WITH EXTERNAL PERIPHERALS [8 HRS]

Interfacing - A/D and D/A converter, LEDs, Switches, Relays, LCD, Stepper Motors, Real
Time Clock, Serial Communication, GSM and GPS.

Text Books:
1. Ray and Burchandi, “Advanced Microprocessors and Interfacing”, Tata McGraw–Hill.
2. M.A.Mazidi,S.Naimi and S.Naimi, “The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems
Using Assembly and C”, 1st Edition Pearson Publications, 2013.

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Reference Books:
1. N.Sentil Kumar, M.Saravanan, S.Jeevananthan, “Microprocessors and Microcontrollers”,
Oxford University Press, 2010.
2. Dhananjay V. Gadre, “Programming and Customizing The AVR Microcontroller”, Tata
McGraw-Hill publications, 2012.

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 LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS), MYLAVARAM

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 20EC16 – VLSI DESIGN 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Electronic Devices and Circuits, Digital Circuits

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on IC Fabrication

Technologies and gives a complete idea about combinational and sequential sub system CMOS
circuit designs used in VLSI Design. This course also gives the complete information regarding
design tools and CMOS testing techniques.

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, the student will be able to-

CO1: Understand semiconductor technology and MOS fabrication process (L2-Understand)

CO2: Apply layout design rules for NMOS, CMOS logic circuit designs. (L3-Apply)

CO3: Analyze the IC building blocks. (L4-Analyze)

CO4: Apply CMOS testing techniques to test different digital designs. (L3-Apply)

UNIT-I [9 Hrs]
IC fabrication Technology: Silicon semiconductor technology–wafer processing, oxidation,
epitaxy, lithography, ion implantation, and diffusion, the silicon gate process; NMOS and
CMOS fabrication, BiCMOS technology, Comparison between CMOS and bipolar
technologies.
Basic Electrical Properties of MOS and BiCMOS Circuits: Ids –Vds relationships, MOS
transistor threshold Voltage, gm, gds; Pass transistor, NMOS Inverter, Various pull ups, CMOS
Inverter analysis and design, BiCMOS Inverters.

UNIT-II [8 Hrs]
VLSI Circuit Design Processes: VLSI design flow, MOS Layers, Stick Diagrams, Design
Rules and Layout, 5μm CMOS Design rules for wires, Contacts, Transistor; Layout Diagrams
for NMOS, CMOS Inverters and Gates, Scaling of MOS circuits, Limitations of Scaling.
Basic Circuit Concepts: Sheet Resistance, Area Capacitance calculations, Inverter Delays.

UNIT-III [8 Hrs]
Digital IC Building Blocks: Logic gates: combinational logic functions, static complementary
gates, switch logic, standard cell based layout, logic and interconnect design, power
optimization; Realization of Latches and Flip-Flops using switch logic; Sub system design
flow, 4x4 array multiplier, Design of 4bit ALU using adder, synchronous up/down counters,
and registers.

UNIT-IV [9 Hrs]
Analog IC Building Blocks: MOS Diode/Active resistor, Simple current sinks, Basic and
Advanced current mirrors, Current and Voltage references, band-gap references; Op-Amp, One
Stage OP-Amp. Two Stage OP-Amp, Gain boosting, Common Mode Feedback and Noise in
Op Amps.

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UNIT-V [8 Hrs]
Test and Testability : System Partitioning, Layout and Testability, Reset/Initialization, Design
for Testability (DFT), Testing Combinational Logic, Testing Sequential Logic, Practical Design
for Test Guidelines, Scan Design Techniques, Built-In-Self-Test (BIST), Future Trends.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Kamran Eshraghian, Eshraghian Dougles and A. Pucknell, Essentials of VLSI circuits
and systems, PHI Publishers, 2005.
2. “Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits”, Behzad Razavi, TMH, 2007.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Neil. H. E. Weste and Kamaran Eshraghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design (2/e),
Pearson Education Publishers, 3rdEdition.
2. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design (3/e), Pearson Education Publishers.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 20EC17 – MICROWAVE ENGINEERING 3 0 0 3

PRE-REQUISITES: Vector calculus, Coordinate Systems, Basics of electromagnetics.

COURSE OBJECTIVE: This course provides the knowledge on different types of

waveguides and resonators. The course will give an idea about microwave communication in
terms of various bands, advantages, applications. The course also gives the complete
information regarding the microwave tubes and passive devices along with microwave bench
setup and microwave measurements.

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO1 Understand the microwave sources, components and measurements of microwave
parameters (Understand – L2)
CO2 Develop the TE, TM fields in waveguides and microwave signals using microwave
tubes and solid state devices (Apply – L3)
CO3 Apply the properties of S-parameters to model the S-matrix of waveguide components
(Apply – L3)
CO4 Analyze the flow of microwave fields in waveguides, components and efficiency of
microwave tubes (Analyze – L4)

UNIT-I [9 Hrs]
Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands, Advantages and Applications of Microwaves.
Rectangular Waveguides: Impossibility of TEM waves in waveguides, Transverse Magnetic
and Transverse Electric Waves in Rectangular Waveguides, Field Expressions, characteristics
of TE and TM Waves-Cutoff frequency, Dominant mode in Rectangular Waveguides, phase
velocity, group velocity, relation between cutoff, guided and free space wavelengths, Wave
impedances for TE and TM cases.
Circular Waveguides: TM and TE waves in circular guides, Field Expressions, Dominant
mode in circular waveguide.

UNIT-II [8 Hrs]
Resonators: Rectangular and circular cavity resonators, Field Expressions, Re-entrant Cavities
Microwave Tubes: Limitations of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies. Microwave
tubes – O type and M type classifications.
Klystron Tubes: Two Cavity Klystrons – Structure, Velocity Modulation Process and
Applegate Diagram, output Power and Efficiency. Reflex Klystrons – Structure, Applegate
Diagram and Principle of working, Power Output, Efficiency, output Characteristics.

UNIT-III [8 Hrs]
Helix TWT: Types and Characteristics of Slow Wave Structures; Structure of TWT and
Amplification Process
M-Type Tubes: Cross-field effects, Magnetrons – Different Types, 8-Cavity Cylindrical
Travelling Wave Magnetron: Hull Cut-off and Hartee Conditions, PI-Mode Operation,
Strapping.

UNIT-IV [8 Hrs]
Microwave Solid State Devices: Negative resistance region, Classification, Applications.
Transferred Electron Devices: Gunn Diode – Principle, Two Valley Model Theory, RWH
Theory, Characteristics.

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Avalanche Transit Time Devices: IMPATT and TRAPATT Diodes – Principle of Operation
and Characteristics, related expressions.

UNIT-V [9 Hrs]
Waveguide Components: Scattering Matrix– Significance, Formulation and Properties. S
Matrix Calculations for E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Directional Coupler.
Fundamentals of branch line, rat-race couplers, microwave filters. Ferrites– Composition and
Characteristics, Faraday Rotation; Ferrite Components – Gyrator, Isolator, Circulator.
Microwave attenuators.
Microwave Measurements: Description of Microwave Bench setup, Precautions;
Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency, VSWR, Impedance, Power.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Samuel Y. Liao, “Microwave Devices and Circuits”, PHI Publishers, 3rdEdition, 2003.
2. David M.Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley Publishers,4thEdition.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. M Kulakarni, “Microwave and Radar Engineering”, Umesh Publications, New Delhi 5th
Edition
2. Jordan and Balmain, “Electromagnetic fields and Radiating systems”, Pearson education.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 20EC18 - IMAGE PROCESSING 3 0 0 3

Pre-Requisites: Signals and Systems, Digital Signal Processing.

Course Objective: This course provides the fundamental concepts of Image Processing. Image
enhancement which is the most prominent preprocessing step will be learnt in both time and
spectral domain. The course also gives the color image fundamentals and knowledge about
compression as well as segmentation.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Interpret the fundamental concepts of digital Image Processing. (L2-Understand)
CO2: Apply the concepts of masking and filtering for image enhancement. (L3-Apply)
CO3: Summarize the image segmentation methodologies. (L2-Understand)
CO4: Understand the underlying concepts of image restoration and compression techniques.
(L2-Understand)

UNIT-I [9 Hrs]
Introduction: Introduction to Digital Image and its representation, Fundamental Steps and
Components of an Image Processing System, Applications of Image Processing, Image
Sampling and Quantization, Spatial and intensity Resolution, Relationship between pixels,
Distance measures.
Image Transforms: Two-Dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (2D-DFT), Two-
Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT), Properties (Proof not required).

UNIT-II [8 Hrs]
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain: Point processing, Intensity Transformation
Functions, Histogram equalization, Smoothing Spatial Filters: linear filters, order-statistic
filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters: Gradient, Laplacian.
Image Enhancement in Frequency Domain: Filtering in Frequency domain, Image
Smoothing: Ideal low pass filter, Butterworth low pass filter, Gaussian low pass filter, Image
Sharpening: Ideal high pass filter, Butterworth high pass filters, Gaussian high pass filter,
Laplacian in the frequency domain.

UNIT-III [8 Hrs]
Image Segmentation: Detection of discontinuities, Edge Linking and Boundary Detection:
Local Processing, Global Processing via the Hough Transform, Thresholding: Basic Global
Thresholding, Optimal global Thresholding (OTSU method), Region based segmentation:
Region growing, Region splitting and merging.

UNIT-IV [9 Hrs]
Image Restoration: Image Degradation and Restoration model, Noise Models, Restoration in
the Presence of Noise-Spatial Filtering: Mean Filter, Order-Statistics Filter, Adaptive Filter,
Inverse Filtering, Minimum Mean Square Error (Wiener) Filtering.
Image Compression: Redundancy - Coding, Interpixel and Psychovisual; Image Compression
Model, Error free compression: Huffman coding, Loss less Predictive Coding, Lossy
Compression: Lossy Predictive Coding, Transform coding, JPEG compression.

UNIT-V [8 Hrs]
Color Image Processing: Color Fundamentals, Color Models: RGB, CMY, CMYK, and HSI
color models, conversions.
Morphological Image Processing: Dilation and Erosion, Opening and Closing.

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TEXT BOOK(S)
1. Rafel.C.Gonzalez and Richard.E.Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, PHI Pvt. Ltd, 2nd
Edition, 2005.
2. Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, PHI Publications.

REFERENCE(S)
1. S.Jayaraman, E.Esakkirajan, T.Veerakumar, “Digital Image Processing”, TMHedition,2011
2. S Sridhar, “Digital Image Processing”, Oxford University press,2011

L T P Cr.

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B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 20EC19 – SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Pre-Requisites: Analog Communications & Digital Communications.

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the technical knowledge of orbital
dynamics, launching of satellite in to the orbit, various subsystems used in space segment,
uplink and downlink aspects of satellite. This course will also give an idea about different
multiple access techniques, design requirements for the selection of earth station and various
real time applications.

Course Outcomes(COs): At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO1 Understand the orbital mechanics, concepts of satellite communication and its
applications (Understand – L2)
CO2 Summarize the concepts of satellite space segment, earth segment and satellite
services (Understand – L2)
CO3 Examine the satellite link budget calculations and orbital dynamics (Apply – L3)
CO4 Apply the multiple-access techniques and mobile services for satellite
Communications (Apply – L3)

UNIT-I [8 Hrs]
Introduction to Satellite Communication: Need of satellite communication, Definition of a
satellite and orbit, Frequency allocations for satellite services, General structure of satellite
communication system, Merits and demerits of satellite communication, types of launch
vehicles: ELV &RLV.

UNIT-II [8 Hrs]
Orbital Dynamics and Satellite Launching: Kepler’s Laws, Definitions of Terms for Earth-
Orbiting Satellites, Orbital Elements, Apogee and Perigee Heights, Effects of non spherical
earth, Atmospheric drag, Orbital perturbations-need for station keeping, Non geostationary
orbits and geostationary orbits, Orbital effects; Doppler shift, Range variation, solar eclipse and
sun transit outage, Look angle determination: elevation angle and azimuth angle calculation,
launching of geostationary satellites.

UNIT-III [9 Hrs]
Space Segment and Link Design: Introduction to space segment, Power supply, Attitude and
orbital control: spinning satellite stabilization and momentum wheel stabilization, Station
keeping, Thermal control, TT&C subsystem, Transponders, The wideband receiver, The input
demultiplexer, The power amplifier, Antenna subsystem, Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power,
Free-space transmission, Feeder losses, Antenna misalignment losses, Fixed atmospheric and
ionospheric losses, Link power budget equation, System Noise, Carrier-to-Noise Ratio, The
Uplink, Saturation flux density, Input backoff, Downlink, Output back-off, Combined Uplink
and Downlink C/N Ratio.

UNIT-IV [9 Hrs]
Earth Segment: Design requirements for the selection of earth segment, Transmit only earth
station, Receive only earth station, Transmit -Receive (T/R) earth station.
Satellite Access: Single Access, Preassigned FDMA, Demand-Assigned FDMA, Spade
System, TDMA, Preassigned TDMA, Demand-assigned TDMA, Satellite-Switched TDMA,
CDMA.

UNIT-V [8 Hrs]

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Satellite Services & Applications: Global Positioning System, architecture and location
principle, Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS/DTH)-Home receiver block (Indoor & Outdoor
Unit), Satellite Mobile Services, VSAT, MSAT, RADARSAT, IRNSS constellation, Orbcomm,
Iridium.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian, Jeremy Allnutt , “Satellite communications”, John Wiley &
Sons,2nd edition, 2003.
2. Dennis Roddy , “Satellite communications”, Tata McGraw Hills, 4th Edition, 2009.

REFERENCES:
1. D.C Agarwal , “Satellite communications”, Khanna Publications, 5th Edition,2006.
2. M. Richharia, “Satellite Communications Systems: Design principles”, BS Publications, 2nd
Edition, 2005.

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 20EC20 - PRINCIPLES OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS 3 0 0 3

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PREREQUISITE: EMI, MPMC.

COURSE EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (CEO):

In this course, student will learn about Robotics concepts to analyze and design the
components and other building blocks.
Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of this course, students will be able to

CO1: Understand the Robotic components and modules (Understand – L2)

CO2: Analyze the working of Modules and Control techniques (Analyze – L4)
CO3: Summarize the concepts of Robotic sensors for vision related applications (Understand –
L2)
CO4: Apply the concepts and algorithms to develop Robot designs (Apply – L3)

UNIT I: [8 Hrs]
INTRODUCTION: Brief history, Robot - Types, Technology, classifications, specifications,
Design and control issues, Various manipulators – Sensors, work cell, Programming languages.

UNIT II: [8 Hrs]

COORDINATE FRAMES, MAPPING, SYMBOLIC MODELLING OF ROBOTS:
Coordinate frames, Description of Objects in space, Mechanical structure and notations,
Description of Links and Joints, Manipulator workspace.

UNIT III: [9 Hrs]

PATH PLANNING AND CONTROL: Definition, Joint space technique, Use of p-degree
polynomial, Cubic polynomial, Cartesian space technique, Parametric descriptions, Straight line
and circular paths, Position and orientation planning, Manipulator control problem, Linear
control schemes, PID control scheme, Force control of robotic manipulator.

UNIT IV: [9 Hrs]

ROBOTIC SENSORS AND VISION: Classification, Selection, Vision controlled Robotics,
Architecture of vision systems, Image Acquisition, Vision systems, Image representation and
processing

UNIT V: [8 Hrs]
ROBOT APPICATIONS: Industrial applications, Material handling, Processing, Assembly
and Inspection Applications, Justification and Safety

TEXT BOOKS:
1. R.K.Mittal and I.J.Nagrath, Robotics and Control, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2017.
2. Ashitava Ghoshal, Robotics-Fundamental Concepts and Analysis‘, Oxford University
Press, Sixth impression, 2010.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. K. K.Appu Kuttan, Robotics, I K International, 2007. 3. Edwin Wise, Applied Robotics,
Cengage Learning, 2003.
2. S.Ghoshal, ― Embedded Systems & Robotics‖ – Projects using the 8051 Microcontroller‖,
Cengage Learning, 2009.

L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 20EC59 – MICROPROCESSORS AND 0 0 3 1.5

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MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

Pre requisite: Digital Logic Circuits

Course Educational Objective:

In this course student will learn about the architecture of 8086 Microprocessor, 8051
Microcontroller and ARM, programming using assembler language, interfacing of devices for
real time applications.

Course Outcomes: (COs): At the end of the course, students are able to:
CO 1 Demonstrate the MASM/TASM tool for developing Assembly Language Programs.
(Understand – L2)
CO 2 Apply the Assembly Language instructions of Processor and Controller for logical
operations. (Apply – L3)
CO 3 Develop the ARM based interfacing systems for Real time applications. (Apply – L3)
CO 4 Adapt effective communication, presentation and report writing skills. (Apply – L3)

List of Experiments:
Part – 1:
Programming using MASM:
1. Display, comparison and reverse the string.
2. Factorial using Procedures.
3. Sorting the signed and unsigned numbers.
4. Checking the given string for Palindrome.
Programming using 8051:
5. Arithmetic operations like Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.
6. Byte checking by using 8051
7. Addition of series of numbers
8. Checking the given numbers for Odd or Even
Part – II: Interfacing using ARM:
1. Interfacing of A/D and D/A converter
2. Interfacing of LEDs and Switches
3. Interfacing of LCD
4. Interfacing of Stepper Motors
5. Interfacing of traffic Light controller
6. Interfacing of Real Time Clock
7. Data loggers – Rollover display
Note: Minimum of 6 experiments from each part to be conducted.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 20EC60 – VLSI DESIGN LAB 0 0 3 1.5

Pre-requisites: Electronic Devices and Circuits, Digital Circuits.

Course Educational Objective: The course explores the design and implementation aspects of
various combinational and sequential circuits used in VLSI Design. It also develops the
knowledge in VLSI Front End and Back End Design in semi-custom and full-custom design.

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Implement combinational and sequential circuits on FPGA/CPLD boards. (Apply – L3)
CO2: Design the Combinational and Sequential logic using NMOS and CMOS Technology.
(Apply – L3)
CO3: Analyze combinational and sequential circuits using Static CMOS logic from schematic
to layout. (Analyze – L4)
CO4: Adapt effective communication, presentation and report writing skills. (Apply – L3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

PART-1: VLSI FRONT END DESIGN USING XILINX TOOL:

1. Implementation of Carry-Look-Ahead adder.
2. Implementation of 4x4 Array Multiplier.
3. Implementation of a 4-bit ALU.
4. Implementation of Zero /One Detector.
5. Implementation of flip flops: SR, D, JK, T.

PART-2: VLSI BACK END DESIGN USING CADENCE/MENTOR GRAPHICS TOOLS:

PART-2.1: Full Custom Design:
1. Design and analysis of NMOS Inverter.
2. Design and analysis of CMOS Inverter
3. Design and analysis of CMOS NOR gate.
4. Design and analysis of CMOS NAND gate.
5. Design and analysis of CMOS D- Flip Flop

PART-2.2: Semi Custom Design

1. Design and analysis of Full Adder
2. Design and analysis of Decoder
3. Design and analysis of 8- bit Binary Counter
4. Design and analysis of Shift Register
5. Design and analysis of Sequence Detector

Note: Minimum of 3 experiments from part-1 and 7 experiments from part-2 are to be
conducted

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VI-Sem.) 20EC61 – MICROWAVE ENGINEERING LAB 0 0 3 1.5

Pre-requisite: EM Waves and Transmission Lines

COURSE OBJECTIVE: This Lab deals with the measurements of the EM signals at
microwave frequency range. It involves measurement of frequency, wave length, VSWR,
Impedance and scattering parameters of various micro wave devices like Circulator, Direction
Coupler, and Magic-Tee. Even the latest trend of software tool i.e. HFSS is also introduced and
microwave devices will be verified by evaluating the related parameters.

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO1 Demonstrate the functions of microwave bench setup (Understand – L2)
CO2 Examine the properties of microwave passive devices using HFSS (Apply – L3)
CO3 Estimate the frequency, wave length, VSWR, impedance and scattering parameters of
microwave devices (Apply – L3)
CO4 Adapt effective communication, presentation and report writing skills (Apply – L3)

List of Experiments

1. Reflex Klystron Characteristics

2. Gunn diode Characteristics
3. Attenuation measurement
4. VSWR measurement
5. Directional coupler characteristics
6. Impedance and frequency measurement
7. Scattering parameters of circulator
8. Scattering parameters of Magic tee

Using HFSS Simulation software:

9. Scattering parameters of branch line coupler
10. Scattering parameters of rat-race coupler
11. Design and S-parameter measurement of microwave band stop filter
12. Design and S-parameter measurement of microwave balun

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VI Sem.) 20HSS1- SOFT SKILLS (SOC) 1 - 2 2

Course Educational Objectives:

The Soft Skills Laboratory course equips students with required behavioral, interpersonal &
Intrapersonal skills, communication skills, leadership skills etc. It aims at training
undergraduate students on soft skills leading to enhanced self-confidence, esteem, and
acceptability in professional circles.
Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, student will be able

CO1: To Develop self-awareness and personality traits for professional growth

(Understand – L2)
CO2: Work effectively in multi-disciplinary and heterogeneous teams through knowledge of
teamwork, Inter-personal relationships, conflict management and leadership quality.
(Apply – L3)
CO3: Communicate through verbal/oral communication with good listening skills and empathy
(Apply – L3)
CO4: Apply skills required to qualify in recruitment tests, Interviews & other professional
assignments (Apply – L3)

Personality Development Skills

Role of language in Personality – How language reflects, impacts Personality – Using gender-
neutral language in MNCs – being culturally-sensitive-Personality Traits - Grooming & Dress
code
Activities: Group Discussion/Role play/Presentations (authentic materials: News papers,
pamphlets and news clippings)

Impactful Communication
Activities : Extempore / Story Telling/ Group Discussion ( Case studies/Current affairs etc.)/
Elocution on Interpretation of given quotes/ Critical Appreciation and Textual Analysis/
Writing reviews on short story/videos/book/Social Media profiling/ Pronunciation Practice

Professional Skills:
Career Planning- job vs. career- goal setting- SWOT analysis-Time management – self-
management – stress-management.
Activities: SWOT analysis of the self/Goal setting-Presentation/Writing Report/Listening
exercises/Effective Resume-Writing and presentation/ Interview Skills: Mock interviews/Video
samples.

REFERENCES :
1. Edward Holffman, “Ace the Corporate Personality”, McGraw Hill,2001
2. Adrian Furnham, Personality and Intelligence at Work, Psyc 2. hology Press, 2008.
3. M.Ashraf Rizvi, “Effective Technical Communication”, 1 st edition, Tata McGraw Hill,
2005
4. Ace of Soft skills Gopalaswamy Ramesh, Pearson Education India, 2018
5. Soft Skills for the Workplace, Goodheart-Willcox Publisher · 2020.
6. How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie · 2020

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EC21 – ASIC DESIGN 3 0 0 3

Pre-Requisites: VLSI Design

Course Objectives: In this course, the student will learn various ASIC architectures, ASIC
design flow, issues in ASIC design and testing of ASICs and also about SOC Design.

Course Outcomes: On completion of this course the students will be able to:
CO1 : Understand ASIC Design Styles, Design Issues, Design Techniques and
Construction. (Understand – L2)
CO2 : Apply design techniques, resources and tools to develop ASIC modules. (Apply –
L3)
CO3 :; Analyze the characteristics and Performance of ASICs and judge independently the
best suited device for fabrication of smart devices. (Analyze – L4)
CO4 : Evaluate Design issues, simulation and Testing of ASICs. (Apply – L3)

UNIT-I: [9 Hrs]
ASIC DESIGN STYLES: Introduction – categories-Gate arrays-Standard cells- Cell based
ASICs-Mixed mode and analogue ASICs – PLDs.

ASICS– PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES: Overview – PAL –based PLDs:

Structures; PAL Characteristics – FPGAs: Introduction, selected families –design outline.

UNIT-II: [8 Hrs]
ASICS–DESIGN ISSUES: Design methodologies and design tools – design for testability –
economies.

ASICS-CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE: Design styles, gate arrays, standard

cell -based ASICs, Mixed mode and analogue ASICs.

UNIT-III: [8 Hrs]
ASICS-DESIGN TECHNIQUES: Design flow and methodology- Hardware description
languages- simulation and checking-commercial design tools- FPGA Design tools: XILINX,
ALTERA.

UNIT-IV: [9 Hrs]
LOGIC SYNTHESIS, SIMULATION AND TESTING: Verilog and logic
synthesis -VHDL and logic synthesis - types of simulation -boundary scan test-fault simulation-
automatic test pattern generation.

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ASIC-CONSTRUCTION: Floor planning, placement and routing system

partition.

UNIT-V: [8 Hrs]
FPGA PARTITIONING: Partitioning Methods-Floor Planning- Placement- Physical
Design Flow-GlobalRouting-Detailed Routing –Special Routing-Circuit Extraction-DRC.

TEXT BOOK:

1. M.J.S.Smith, “Application - Specific integrated circuits”, Addison-Wesley Longman Inc

1997.
2. L.J.Herbst, “Integrated circuit engineering”, OXFORD SCIENCE Publications,1996.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Wayne Wolf, ―FPGA-Based System Design , Prentice Hall PTR, 2009.
2. Farzad Nekoogar and Faranak Nekoogar,-From ASICs to SOCs: A Practical Approach,
Prentice Hall PTR, 2003.

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L T P Cr.
20EC22 – ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 3 0 0 3
PROCESSING

Pre-requisites: Signals and Systems, Probability and Random Processes, Digital Signal
Processing

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on random signals,
correlations functions and power spectrum. The course will give an idea about linear prediction
models. The course also gives non-parametric methods and parametric methods for the
estimation of Power spectrum.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to
CO1: Understand random signals, correlation functions and power spectrum.(Understand
– L2)
CO2: Interpret forward and backward linear prediction models. (Understand – L2)
Apply the concepts of normal equation solution for analyzing Wiener Filter. (Apply-
CO3:
L3)
CO4: Examine the Power Spectrum by making use of parametric methods and non-
parametric methods.( Apply-L3)

UNIT - I: [9 Hrs]
Random Signals, Correlations functions and Power Spectrum: Random processes,
Stationary random processes, Statistical Averages, Statistical Averages for Joint Random
Processes, Power density spectrum, Discrete-Time signals, Time Averages for Discrete-Time
Random Processes, Mean-Ergodic Process, and Correlation-Ergodic processes.

UNIT -II: [8 Hrs]

Linear Prediction: Representation of a stationary random process: Rational power spectra,
relationship between the filter parameters and the autocorrelation sequences, forward linear
prediction, backward linear prediction.

UNIT –III: [8 Hrs]

Normal Equations and Wiener Filters: Solutions of Normal equations: Levinson-Durbin
Algorithm, FIR Wiener Filter, Orthogonality Principle in Linear Mean-Square Estimation, IIR
Wiener Filter, Noncausal Wiener Filter.

UNIT –IV: [9 Hrs]

Nonparametric Methods for Power Spectrum Estimation: Bartlett Method: Averaging
Periodograms, Welch Method: Averaging Modified Periodograms, Blackman and Tukey
Method: Smoothing the Periodogram, Performance Characteristics of Nonparametric Power
Spectrum Estimators.

UNIT –V: [8 Hrs]

Parametric Methods for Power Spectrum Estimation: Relationships Between the
Autocorrelation and the Model Parameters, Yule-Walker Method for the AR Model Parameters,
Burg Method for the AR Model Parameters, Unconstrained Least-Squares Method for the AR
Model Parameters.

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TEXTBOOKS:
1. J.G.Proakis & D. G. Manolokis, “Digital Signal Processing: Principles,Algorithms and
Applications”, PHI Publishers.

REFERENCES:
1. Alan V Oppenheim & Ronald W Schaffer, “Discrete Time signal processing”, PHI
Publishers.
2. Dimitris G. Manolakis & Vinay K. Ingle “Applied Digital Signal Processing”, Cambridge
University Press.

L T P Cr.

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B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EC23 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: EMWTL, Analog Communications and Digital Communications.

Course Educational Objective: This course gives knowledge on optical communication

fundamentals, fiber types and materials. This course also describes about transmission losses in
the fiber, optical sources, source to fiber coupling scheme, and optical receivers. This course
also provides understanding of digital optical link, analog optical systems, wavelength division
multiplexing and optical networks.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to:
Describe the fundamental concepts of optical fiber communication systems, WDM
CO1
systems, and optical networks (Understand –L2).
Apply knowledge of signal transmission characteristics of fibers, sources, and
CO2
detectors in the optical communication system parameters calculations. (Apply –L3)
Interpret the operation of optical sources, detectors in the presence of channel
CO3
degradation mechanisms in analog and digital optical systems (Understand –L2).
Examine the parameters of source to fiber launching, Power-Coupling Calculations,
CO4
attenuation, and dispersion measurement. (Apply –L3)

UNIT-I: [9 Hrs]
Overview of Optical Fiber Communications: Elements of Optical Fiber Link, Merits and
demerits of Optical Fiber Communications, Applications of optical fiber communications.
Refractive index, Refraction, Reflection, Critical Angle and Total internal Reflection. Optical
Fiber structures. Acceptance Angle, Numerical Aperture, Meridional and Skew Rays. Overview
of Modes, Summary of Key Modal Concepts. Single-Mode Fibers, Cutoff Wavelength, Mode-
Field Diameter.

UNIT-II: [8 Hrs]
Fiber Materials and Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers: Fiber Materials, Glass Fibers,
Active Glass Fibers, Plastic Optical Fibers. Attenuation: Absorption, Scattering Losses,
Bending Losses, Core and Cladding losses. Signal Distortion in Optical Waveguides,
Information Capacity determination, Group Delay, Material Dispersion, Polarization-Mode
Dispersion, Intermodal Distortion, Mode Coupling, Design Optimization of Single-Mode
Fibers, Refractive-Index Profiles.

UNIT-III: [9 Hrs]
Optical Sources, Power Launching and Coupling: Requirement of optical sources, LED
Structures, Light Source Materials, Quantum Efficiency and LED Power, Modulation of an
LED, LASER Diodes, Laser Diode Modes and Threshold Conditions, Semiconductor Laser
Diodes, Fabry Perot Lasers, Distributed Feedback (DFB) Lasers, Laser diode rate equations,
External quantum efficiency, and resonant frequencies. Source to fiber power launching, Source
Output Pattern, Power-Coupling Calculation, Lensing Schemes for Coupling improvement,
Laser Diode-to-Fiber Coupling.

UNIT-IV: [8 Hrs]
Optical detectors and receivers: Photo detectors, Physical Principles of Photodiodes, PIN
Photo detector, Avalanche Photo diodes, Detector Response time, Temperature effect on
Avalanche gain, Comparison of Photo detectors. Fundamental receiver operation, Digital signal
transmission, error sources, Receiver configuration, Digital receiver performance: Probability
of error, The Quantum limit, Analog Receivers.

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UNIT-V: [8 Hrs]
Digital Transmission Systems and measurements: Point to point links, systems
considerations, Link Power budget, Rise time budget, Line coding, NRZ Codes, RZ Codes.
WDM Features, Operational principles of WDM, Types of WDM, SONET/SDH Networks.
Measurement of attenuation and dispersion.

Text Books:
1. Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, Mc Graw-Hill International edition, 4th
Edition, 2008.
2. John M. Senior, Optical Fiber Communications, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2002.

Reference Books:
1. Joseph C. Palais, Fiber Optic Communications, Pearson Education, 4th Edition, 2004.
2. Govind P. Agarwal, Fiber Optic Communication Systems, John Wiley, 3rd Edition,
2004.

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L T P Cr.
20EC24 – MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 3 0 0 3
SYSTEMS

Prerequisite: Applied Physics, Transducers, VLSI Design.

Course Educational Objective (CEO): In this course students will learn about
fundamentals of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems, importance of miniaturization, scaling
laws, Bulk & Surface Micromachining techniques including structures and working details of
MEMS based sensors & actuators.

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs): After completion of the course, students will be able to:
CO1: Understand the micro systems, microelectronics & miniaturization technique.
(Understand –L2)
CO2: Illustrate the scaling laws necessary for micro systems including Bulk and Surface
micromachining techniques used for MEMS fabrication. (Understand –L2)
CO3: Classify and discuss the properties of materials suitable for Microsystems. (Understand –
L2)
CO4: Examine the design aspects, sensing mechanisms and limitations of MEMS based
devices. (Apply –L3)

UNIT – I: [8 Hrs]
OVERVIEW OF MEMS: Microsystems definitions and examples, Difference between
Microsystems and Microelectronics, Benefits of miniaturization.
SCALING LAWS IN MINIATURIZATION: Introduction to Scaling, Scaling in Geometry,
Scaling in Electrostatic forces. MEMS Design Considerations.

UNIT – II: [9 Hrs]

MICRO FABRICATION –I: Introduction, Photolithography, Photoresist and Application,
Light Sources, Photoresist Removal, Ion Implantation, Diffusion, Oxidation, Chemical Vapour
Deposition (CVD), Sputtering, Deposition by Epitaxial, Etching.

UNIT – III: MICRO FABRICATION – II [9 Hrs]

Bulk Micromachining: Etching-Isotropic and Anisotropic, Wet Etching and Dry Etching-
Plasma, Deep reactive ion, comparison.
Surface Micromachining: Process, Associated Mechanical Problems, LIGA Process, MEMS
Packaging.

UNIT – IV: MATERIALS FOR MEMS:

Introduction, Substrates & wafers, Active Substrate Materials, Silicon as a Substrate Material,
Silicon Compounds, Piezoelectric Crystals, Polymers, Packaging Materials.

UNIT – V: MEMS DEVICES AND STRUCTURES

Micro sensors: Biomedical Sensors, Chemical sensors, Optical Sensors, Pressure Sensors,
Thermal Sensors.
Micro actuation: Actuation using thermal forces, Piezoelectric crystals, MEMS with
microactuators: Microgrippers, Micromotors, Microgears, Micropumps.

TEXTBOOKS
1. Tai-Ran Hsu, “MEMS & Microsystems: Design, Manufacture and Nanoscale
Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2nd Edition, 2008.

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2. G.K. Ananthasuresh, K.J. Vinoy, S. Gopalakrishnan, K.N. Bhat, V.K. Aatre, “Micro
andSmart Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, India, 2010.

REFERENCES
1. Mark Madou, “Fundamentals of Micro fabrication”, CRC Press, New York, 1997.
2. Dilip Kumar Bhattacharya, Brajesh Kumar Kaushik, “Micro-Electro-mechanical Systems”,
CLIndia; 1stEdition,2014.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EC25 – RADAR SYSTEMS 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Antennas, Microwave Engineering

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on different types of
RADARs with their operation and applications. The course gives an idea about different
Tracking techniques and Radar subsystems. The course also gives the way to detect Radar
signals in the presence of noise.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO1 Understand the basic concepts of Radar systems. (Understand – L2)

CO2 Analyze the CW Radar and FMCW Radar system for the measurement of speed and
distance. (Analyze – L4)
CO3 Apply the techniques to remove the clutter using MTI Radar and Pulse Doppler
Radar. (Apply – L3)
CO4 Design the matched filter for radar echoes. (Apply – L3)

UNIT – I [9 Hrs]
Radar fundamentals: Radar range, Maximum Unambiguous Range, Multiple time around
echo, Simple form of Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Radar
Frequencies, Radar Applications, Prediction of Radar Range Performance, Minimum
Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise and SNR, Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar Cross Section
of Targets (simple targets-sphere, cone-sphere), Transmitter Power, PRF and Range
Ambiguities, System Losses.

UNIT – II [9 Hrs]
Continuous Wave and Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar: Doppler Effect,
CW Radar – Block Diagram, Isolation between Transmitter and Receiver, Non-zero IF
Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements, Applications of CW radar. FM-CW Radar,
Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and Characteristics (Approaching/Receding
Targets), FM-CW altimeter, Measurement Errors, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.

UNIT – III [8 Hrs]

MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: MTI Radar – Power Amplifier Transmitter and Power
Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter Characteristics, Blind Speeds, Double
Cancellation, Staggered PRFs. Range Gated Doppler Filters, MTI Radar Parameters,
Limitations to MTI Performance, Non-coherent MTI, MTI versus Pulse Doppler Radar.

UNIT – IV [8 Hrs]
Tracking Radar: Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar – Amplitude
Comparison Monopulse (one- and two coordinates), Phase Comparison Monopulse. Target
Reflection Characteristics and Angular Accuracy, Tracking in Range, Acquisition and
Scanning Patterns, Comparison of Trackers.
Detection of Radar Signals: Matched Filter Receiver Response Characteristics, Correlation
function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of non-matched Filter, Matched Filter with
non-white Noise.

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UNIT-V [8 Hrs]
Radar Equipment: Radar receivers -Noise Figure and Noise Temperature, Radar displays-
types, significance; Radar duplexers-Branch type and Balanced type and Circulator type; Radar
antennas- Radiation Pattern, Beam steering and Beam width changes, Series versus Parallel
Feeds, Applications, Advantages and Limitations.

TEXT BOOK
1. Merrill I. Skolnik ,”Introduction to Radar Systems”, Second edition, McGraw-Hill,
1981.
2. GSN Raju, “Radar Engineering and Navigational aids”, IK International Publishers,
New Delhi.

REFERENCES
1. G. Sasibhushana Rao, “Microwave and Radar Engineering”, Pearson Education
publishers.
2. M Kulakarni, “Microwave and Radar Engineering”, Umesh Publications, New Delhi 5th
Edition

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EC26 – WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 3 0 0 3

Pre-Requisites: Digital communications and Computer Networks

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on applications,

architectures, and protocols of wireless sensor networks, controlling, clustering, localization in
sensor networks, software platforms and tools required for wireless sensor networks.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, student will be able to:

CO1: Interpret the operation of wireless sensor network elements. (Understand-L2).

CO2: Examine different communication protocols of wireless sensor networks and its
applications (Apply-L3).
CO3: Outline sensor tasking and techniques used to establish infrastructure of wireless sensor
networks (Understand-L2).
CO4: Apply the knowledge of sensor network platforms and tools for sensor network
application development (Apply-L3).

UNIT-I [8 Hrs]
Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications, Unique constraints and Challenges,
Characteristic Requirements and mechanisms; Advantages of Sensor Networks, Collaborative
processing and Key definitions, Difference between Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks,
Classification, Enabling technologies.

UNIT-II [8Hrs]
Architectures: Single Node Architecture - Hardware Components, Energy Consumption of
Sensor Nodes- Operating states with different Power Consumption, Energy consumption of
Transceiver, Micro controller; Memory; Dynamic Voltage Scaling, Relation between
Computation and Communication, commercially available sensor nodes; Network Architecture
- Sensor Network Scenarios, Optimization Goals and Figures of Merit, Gateway Concepts.

UNIT-III [10Hrs]
Networking Sensors: Wireless channel and Communication fundamentals, Physical Layer and
Transceiver design considerations in WSNs; MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks,
Low Duty Cycle protocols and Wakeup concepts- S-MAC, The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol,
Wakeup Radio Concepts; Routing Protocols- Energy efficient routing, Geographic routing,
Routing Challenges and Design Issues in wireless sensor networks.

UNIT – IV [8Hrs]
Infrastructure Establishment: Topology Control, Clustering, Time Synchronization,
Localization & Positioning, Sensor Tasking & Control- Task driven sensing, Role of sensor
nodes & utilities, Information based sensor tasking.

UNIT – V [8Hrs]
Sensor Network Platforms and Tools: Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks,
Sensor Node Hardware – Berkeley Motes, Programming Challenges, Node-level software
platforms – network simulator-NS-2, Node-level Simulators, State-centric programming.

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TEXT BOOKS

1. Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks- An Information Processing
Approach", Elsevier, 2007.
2. Holger Karl & Andreas Willig, “Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks”,
John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

REFERENCES

1. KazemSohraby, Daniel Minoli, &TaiebZnati, “Wireless Sensor Networks- Technology,

Protocols, And Applications”, John Wiley, 2007.
2. Anna Hac, “Wireless Sensor Network Designs”, John Wiley, 2003.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EC27 – LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Digital Electronic Circuits and VLSI Design.

Course Educational Objectives: This course provides knowledge on fundamentals of low

power VLSI design concepts, circuits and subsystems.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of this course, student will be able to

CO1: Summarize the Fundamental concepts of Low Power VLSI Design.(Understand – L2)
CO2: Apply Low Power Design Approaches for IC designs. (Apply – L3)
CO3: Analyze low voltage low power memories using mathematical models. (Analyze – L4)
CO4: Design low voltage low power adders and multipliers. (Apply – L3)

UNIT-I [8Hrs]
Fundamentals of Low Power CMOS VLSI Design: Introduction, Sources of Power
Dissipation, Static Power Dissipation, Short Circuit Power Dissipation, Leakage Power
Dissipation, Glitch Power Dissipation, Short Channel Effects –Drain Induced Barrier Lowering,
Body effect, Gate-induced Drain Leakage, Active power dissipation.

UNIT-II [8Hrs]
Circuit techniques for Low-Power Reduction: Concepts of leakage power, Circuit techniques
for Leakage power reduction-Standby leakage control, Multi-Vth technique, Supply voltage
scaling, VTMOS circuits, DTMOS circuits, Dynamic-Vth technique

UNIT-III [9Hrs]
Low-Voltage Low-Power Adders: Introduction, Standard Adder Cells, CMOS Adder’s
Architectures - Ripple Carry Adders, Carry Select Adders, Carry Save Adders, Performance
evaluation of various adder architectures.

UNIT-IV
Low-Voltage Low-Power Multipliers: Review of Multiplication, Multiplier Architectures -
Braun Multiplier, Baugh-Wooley Multiplier, Booth Multiplier; Introduction to Wallace Tree
Multiplier.

UNIT-V
Low-Voltage Low-Power Memories: Basics of ROM, Low-Power ROM Technology, Future
Trend and Development of ROMs, Basics of SRAM, Memory Cell, Precharge and Equalization
Circuit, Low-Power SRAM Technologies, Basics of DRAM, Self-Refresh Circuit, Future Trend
and Development of DRAM.

TEXT BOOK
1. Low-Voltage, Low-Power VLSI Subsystems – Kiat-Seng Yeo and Kaushik Roy, Mc Graw
Hill Education, 2016.

REFERENCES
1. Low Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design – Kaushik Roy, Sharat C. Prasad, John Wiley &
Sons, 2000.
2. Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design – Gary K. Yeap, Kluwer Academic Press, 2002.

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EC28 – BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 3

Pre-requisites: Digital Signal Processing

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the fundamental knowledge on

biomedical signals with emphasis on processing of EEG and ECG signals including adaptive
interference and noise cancellation.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to

CO1 Illustrate the characteristics of EEG and ECG signals. (Understand – L2)
CO2 Describe the behavior of EEG signals with Linear prediction & Autoregressive
methods and ECG signals with detection and estimation techniques.
(L2-Understand)
CO3 Apply adaptive filtering and data compression techniques on ECG data. (L3-Apply)
CO4 Summarize the concepts of Prony’s methods for clinical applications.
(L2-Understand)

Unit-I [9Hrs]
Neurological Signal Processing: Brain and its potentials, Electrophysiological origin of Brain
waves, EEG Signals and its Characteristics, EEG Analysis, Linear prediction theory, The
autoregressive(AR) method, Recursive Estimation of AR parameters, Spectral Error measure,
Adaptive segmentation, Transient Detection and Elimination.

UNIT-II [8Hrs]
Cardiological Signal Processing:
Basic Electrocardiography, ECG Data Acquisition, ECG Lead system, ECG Parameters and
their estimation: ECG QRS Detection Technique, Estimation of R-R Interval, Estimation of ST
Segmentation Inclination.

UNIT-III [9Hrs]
Adaptive Interference/Noise Cancellation: A review of the Wiener Filtering Problem,
Principle of an Adaptive Filter, The Steepest-Descent Algorithm, Widrow-Hoff Least-Mean-
Square Adaptive Algorithm, Adaptive Noise Canceller: Cancellation of 60Hz Interference in
Electrocardiography, Cancelling Donor - heart Interference in Heart-transplant
Electrocardiography, Cancelling of Maternal ECG in Fetal Electrocardiography and High
Frequency Noise in Electro-surgery.

UNIT-IV [8Hrs]
ECG Data Reduction Techniques: Direct Data compression Technique, Direct ECG Data
Compression Technique, Transformation Compression Technique, Comparison.

UNIT-V [8Hrs]
Prony’s Method: Exponential Modeling, Exponential parameter estimation, The original
Prony’s Problem, Least Squares Prony’s Method, The Covariance Method of Linear Prediction,
Prony’s Method in the Presence of Noise, Clinical Applications of Prony’s Method.

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TEXT BOOK
1. D.C.Reddy, “Biomedical Signal Processing- Principles and Techniques”, 2005, Tata
McGraw Hill.
2. R.S. Khandpur, Biomedical Instrumentation, McGraw Hill publications

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Miten Akay, “Biomedical Signal Processing”, Academic Press, Inc 1994
2. Cohen.A, “Biomedical Signal Processing -Vol. I Time & Frequency Analysis”, 1986, CRC
Press.

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L T P Cr.
20EC29 – CELLULAR AND MOBILE
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 3 0 0 3
COMMUNICATION

Pre-requisites: Analog and digital communications, Fundamentals of antennas.

Course Educational Objective: This course provides the knowledge on operation of cellular
systems, techniques to improve the capacity of a cellular system, types of fading and its effects
on the radio signal, methods to reduce channel interference, hand-off mechanisms, multiple
access techniques and digital cellular systems.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course, students will be able to
Outline the concepts and operational principles of cellular systems (Understand-
CO1
L2)
Summarize the multiple access techniques and evolution of cellular technologies.
CO2
(Understand-L2)
Examine interferences, performance parameters, cell site & mobile antennas and
CO3
methodologies to improve the cellular capacity. (Apply-L3)
Analyze the effects of radio propagation models, Frequency Management, Channel
CO4
Assignment, handoff, and call drops in cellular communications (Analyze-L4).

UNIT – I [8Hrs]
Introduction to Cellular Systems: Basic cellular system, Operation of cellular systems, Call
establishment, Operational channels, Performance criteria, concept of Digital cellular system.
Hexagonal shaped cells, Frequency Reuse, Cell splitting, Sectoring, Microcell zone concept.

UNIT – II [9Hrs]
Mobile Radio Propagation: Basics of mobile radio propagation mechanisms, Free space
propagation, Link budget design, Propagation models, small-scale multipath propagation,
factors influencing the fading, Types of small-scale fading.
Cell Site Antennas and Mobile Antennas: Types - Omni directional antennas, directional
antennas, sectoring, Mobile antenna types.

UNIT – III [9Hrs]

Interference in cellular mobile system: Introduction to Co-Channel Interference, procedure to
find nearest neighbors of a particular cell, Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor, Desired
C/I from a normal and worst case in an omni-directional and directional Antenna system,
impact on co-channel interference by lowering the antenna height, non co-channel interference.

UNIT – IV [8Hrs]
Frequency Management and Channel Assignment: Numbering and grouping, setup
channels, access channels and paging channels, channel assignments to cell sites and mobile
units, overlaid cells, channel sharing and borrowing.
Handoffs and Dropped Calls: Types of handoff, initiation, delaying handoff, forced handoff,
mobile assigned handoff, Intersystem handoff, dropped call rate.

UNIT – V [8Hrs]
Digital Cellular Systems: multiple access schemes: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA. 2G Systems-
GSM system architecture. 3G Systems- architecture of WCDMA, 4G system- 4G network
standards, LTE architecture, OFDMA, introduction to 5G technologies. Comparison of cellular
technologies.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. William C.Y. Lee,“Mobile Cellular Telecommunications”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd

Edition,2006.
2. Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, “Mobile Cellular Communication”, Pearson
Education,1stEdition, 2013.

REFERENCES:

1. Theodore S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications”, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition,

2002.
2. R. Vannithamby and S. Talwar, Towards 5G: Applications, Requirements and
Candidate Technologies., John Willey & Sons, West Sussex, 2017

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20HS02– Management Science for Engineers 3 0 0 3

Course Description:
In this course, students will learn fundamental concepts and contributions of management. This
course also teaches human resources practices which play a vital role in the organisation it gives
knowledge about use of improve quality of work and project management.
Course Objectives:
1. To make students understand management, its principles, contribution to management,
organization, and its basic issues and types
2. To make students understand the concept of plant location and its factors and plant
layout and types, method of production and work study importance
3. To understand the purpose and function of statistical quality control. And understand the
material management techniques
4. To make students understand the concept of HRM and its functions
5. To make students understand PERT & CPM methods in effective project management
and need of project crashing and its consequence on cost of project
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand management principles to practical situations based on the organization
structures. (L2)
CO2: Design Effective plant Layouts by using work study methods. (L2)
CO3: Apply quality control techniques for improvement of quality and materials
management. (L3)
CO4: Develop best practices of HRM in corporate Business to raise employee
productivity. (L2)
CO5: Identify critical path and project completion time by using CPM and PERT
techniques. (L3)
UNIT I
Introduction: Management - Definition, Nature, Importance of management Functions of
Management - Taylor’s scientific management theory, Fayal’s principles of management,
Contribution of Elton mayo,Maslow, Herzberg, Douglas MC Gregor, Basic Concepts Of
Organisation- Authority, Responsibility Delegation of Authority, Span of control,
Departmentation and Decentralization - Organisation structures(Line organization, Line and
staff organization, Functional organization, Committee organization, Matrix organization)

UNIT II
Operations Management: Plant location, Factors influencing location,Principles and types of
plant layouts - Methods of production (job, batch and mass production), Work study - Basic
procedure involved in method study and Work measurement

UNIT III
Statistical quality control –Concept of Quality & Quality Control-functions ,Meaningof SQC
-Variables and attributes - X chart, R Chart, C Chart, P Chart,(simple Problems) Acceptance
sampling, Sampling plans, Deming’s contribution to quality.
Materials management –Meaning and objectives,inventory control-Need for inventory
control, Purchase procedure, Store records, EOQ, ABC analysis, Stock levels

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UNIT IV
Human Resource management (HRM): Concepts of HRM, Basic functions of HR
manager:Man power planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training and development, Placement,
Wage and salary administration, Promotion, Transfers Separation, performance appraisal, Job
evaluation and merit rating.

UNIT V
Project management: Early techniques in project management - Network analysis:
Programme evaluation and review technique (PERT), Critical path method (CPM), Identifying
critical path, Probability of completing project within given time, Project cost analysis, project
crashing (simple problems)

Text Books:
Dr. A.R.Aryasri, Management Science, TMH, 10th edition, 2012

References:
1. Koontz & weihrich – Essentials of management, TMH, 10th edition, 2015
2. Stoner, Freeman, Gilbert, Management, 6th edition Pearson education, New Delhi,
2004
3. O.P. Khana, Industrial engineering and Management L.S.Srinath, PERT & CPM

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L T P Cr.
B.Tech. (VII Sem.) 20EC30 - INTERNET OF THINGS 1 0 2 2

PREREQUISITE: EMI, MPMC, Python Programming.

COURSE EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (CEO):

In this course, student will learn about basics of IoT and procedure to develop prototypes for
engineering applications.

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of this course, students will be able to

CO1: Understand the programming concepts of IOT. (Understand – L2)

CO2: Develop real time applications using Internet of Things. (Apply – L3
CO3: Demonstrate the integration of sensors with IOT. (Understand – L2)
CO4: Adapt effective Communication, presentation and report writing skills (Apply – L3)

UNIT – I: IoT Basics:

IoT, Frame work, Architectural View, Technology, Sources, M2M communication, Sensors,
Participatory sensing, RFID, Wireless sensor network elements

UNIT – II: IoT Applications:

Prototyping embedded devices for M2M and IoT, M2M and IoT case studies.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Raj Kamal, Internet of Things - Architecture and Design Principles, McGraw Hill
Publication, 2017.
2. Zach Shelby, Carsten Bormann: “The Wireless Embedded Internet”, Wiley, 1st Edition.

REFERENCES:
1. Arshdeep Bahga and Vijay Madisetti, Internet of Things – A Hands-on Approach,
University Press, 2015
2. Reema Thareja, “Python Programming using Problem Solving Approach”, Oxford
Press.

HANDS – ON LABORATORY SESSIONS

1. Interfacing LED. DHT11- Temperature and, humidity sensor using Arduino

2. Interfacing Ultrasonic sensor and PIR sensor using Arduino
3. Design of Traffic Light Simulator using Arduino
4. Design of Water flow detection using an Arduino board
5. Interfacing of LED, Push button with Raspberry Pi and Python Program
6. Design of Motion Sensor Alarm using PIR Sensor
7. Interfacing DHT11-Temperature and Humidity Sensor with Raspberry Pi
8. Interfacing DS18B20 Temperature Sensor with Raspberry Pi
9. Implementation of DC Motor and Stepper Motor Control with Raspberry Pi
10. Raspberry Pi based Smart Phone Controlled Home Automation
11. Smart Traffic light Controller
12. Smart Health Monitoring System

B. Tech. (Electronics and Communication Engineering) R20 Regulations (w. e. f. 2020-21) 126 | P a g e