is the branch of mechanics Dynamics i n which deals with the study of bodies in motion. © Kinematics - is used to define motion of 8 particle or body without consideration of the forces causing the motion. It essentially deals with relation between displacement (S), velocity (V), and acceleration (2). @ Kinetics -is used to relate the force acting on a body to its mass and acceletation. When acceleration of a body caused by the forces acting on it has been determined, the principles of kinematics may be now be applied to determine the displacement or velocity at any instant. $= displacement (velocity = time rate of change of displacement) (acceleration = rate of change of velocity) © A particle acted upon by a balanoag system has no acceleraton, © A parlcle acted upon by an unbatng force system has an acceleration whichig directly proportional to the resultant of te force system. F=ka F=ma f=, g © Action and reaction forces between tho particles are always equal and opposiey directed, Scanned with CamScanner7 ge ff a owe? Oveyjsat 8 szyee wae © = y2 4295 Scanned with CamScanner@ adS=VaV Scanned with CamScanner@ ‘Acceleration diagram 12m/s? -11m/s? -L1 m/s? (V) Velocity diagram V,=48 m/s 1,8 sec. 1)=4 sec. (S) Distance diagram Scanned with CamScanner240 Centroid Scanned with CamScannerTRANSLATION _ayldt aKa eae tan, =u Cliche 4 heer wno,et ©, = slope of the curve path Velocity is atways directed tangent to the curved path of the motion. ds_, , 7 instantaneous velocity at A wih, tangent to the path at A, 8 © dt Vv RECTANGULAR sell elt OF a29ACCELERATION... i REY The direction of the acceleration vectors not tangent to the path. Vj = horizontal component of the velocity \V,= vertical component ofthe velocity ve Vinee uF wna 4 \ “4 Vy =f = horizontal component of the acceleration ye” ay = vertical component of the a0 Scanned with CamScannerPUTT yaa cui: AIR RESISTAN' SPN © x=VCosot @ y= VSinot-292 _Wsin’o ome Ts Lusing eine ‘esnae 9 GUE A stone is thrown from a hill at an angle of 60° with the horizontal at an initial velocity of 30 mm/sec. After hiting level ground at the base-of the hill, the stone has covered a horizontal distance of 150 m. How high isthe hil? ; ea Solution: x=V cos O+t 150 = 30 Cos 60" +t t= 10 seconds 1 y=Vsin @-t-70t aad “p= 30Sin 60" (10)-3 984) (10 Scanned with CamScannerx=VCos50°'t ~ | 3 = 4.785 Cos 50't | t = 0.975 sec. TANGENTIAL AND NORMAL ld LA) 4 © 7 Scanned with CamScannera, = tangential acceleration =D (ete of change in magnitude of a ot velocity and it will be zero if the speed is constant) a = ay Cos 6 + ay Sin @ ay ayW ahs ae ay Ss ay V, @, = normal acceleration ane a = ay Cos 6 - a, Sin @ avy a,V, Yt = Ve ayy oY VEN (Wi)? + (Wy)? a= V(a,P + (a)? Scanned with CamScannerw = angular speed in rad/sec, V = velocity at any point which is tangent to the path r= radius of curvature at any point A a= V (aj)? + (a,)? Scanned with CamScannerBANKING OF HIGHWay © Ideal angle of banking, neglecting friction Scanned with CamScannernd* wv? eel angle of banking Consider a car having a weight of W ich travel around a horizontal curve of given radius at a certain velocity V. A centifugal foroe “gr is acting through its centroid to create dynamic equilibrium. The curve is banked at an angle 6 with the fosizontal so that there will be no tendency tp side up or down the road sometimes it is caled the impact factor. The resultant romal pressure against the wheels is tau to N. The velocity of the car inthis cases often called the rated speed of the cave, @ eal angle of banking, considering fiction force exerted by the road on tires when the car is rounding the curve wih a velocity greater than the rated speed ofthe curve. me tan(o+o)=- WT ors NE tan(o +6) =¥@ mw 2 om tan( + 9) = (tthe car is on she point of sipping Up the plane of banking) tan(0- 0) {if the car is on the point of slipping down the plane of banking) 508. A boy running a foot race rounds a fat curve of 45 m. radius. If he runs at the rate of 6.50 mmisec., at what angle with the vertical will he incine his body? _ Mg [ << Scanned with CamScannergf PAPTER NINE a ay = ra? dw = dB Rectilinear Motion Rotation V=V, tat (= + of 1 1 S=Vot+ 5 al? B= aml +5 at? V= Vi? + 2aS OP = Wg? + 208) S=0 Vero a= rat Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerROTATION LANE CURVILINEAR sie ana Plane Curvilinear Motion where the particle is located by the radial distance r from a fixed point and by an angular measurement 6 to the radial ine (polar coordinates). © Velocity Components Vet V,20 ve VV? + Vo? @ Acceleration Components ag = 16 + 276 (eo)? where: j= frst derivative of with respecting second derivative ofr with reser time 6 = fist derivative of © with respect ng 6 = second derivative of 8 with respect, time For motion in a circular path with ¢ ig constant: v,=0 V2 aye a= 162 —_—_— Priadion 2007 Rotation of the radially slotted armis govereé by = 0.21 + 0.0213 where @ isin radians ant tin seconds. Simultaneously, the power Sze" in the arm angages the slider B and cones its distance from 0 according 1 = 0.2 + 0.0412, where r is in meters andl seconds © What is the x-component of radius wher t=3 secs, i ® Calculate the magnitude of the vel the slider forthe instant when t= 3° - fe @ Calculate the acceleration of the i" the instant when t = 3 sec. Scanned with CamScannerame The resulting motion in a plane motion is equivalent to a pure rotation about the centroid axis and a translation of its center of gravity. The rotational component of a plane motion is defined by the equation of the centriodal rotation JM = Jax where / is the centroidal ‘mass moment of inertia of the body and q is its angular acceleration. The transiation Component of a plane motion is expressed by = wa where is the mass of the body and a iis the acceleration of its center of gravity caused by the force F. Applying d' Alemberts principle that the esultant of the applied external forces is equal to that of the effective forces, the motion of the Tolling: bodies is determined the following equations. T = centroidal mass ‘Moment of ner 1w ic i 39 P forsolid cylinders for sphere NAT any aWIFHOUESLIPPIN It is possible if sufficient frictore Fesistance acts atthe instant center C10! ‘hat point instantaneously at rest. The veue4! this static frictional resistance is unk therefore, it is convenient to alin unknown by taking moments about the is center C, Scanned with CamScannerTc TMc=la+ (52)r If free rolling exists then 4 = rq DMc= lat (5) r Mes] (a+ Fr) For free rolling wheels EMc =/,a (the moment of inertia is transferred from the center of gravity C.G. through the distance rto the instant center C.) If slipping occurs, the relation ZMc=/, a Cannot be used. — — Scanned with CamScannerThe fundamentals of work and energy is expressed as the resultant work on a translating body is equal to the corresponding change in Kinetic energy. Positive Work - Negative Work = Change in K.E. Wy, 3Fs,=4 eve. a9 BAS =$mvz-V,2) where: FS. = resultant work Smvz- V4?) = change in kinetic energy Relation of Distance, Velocity and Acceleration of block A and B Supported by cables. Scanned with CamScannerCRO 7 Ane SF = net force {= time in seconds JFt= m(Vp- Vi) eerie gy (Ve-M) Fsp.p SUN (cional force) py WV, PAs Ave V LINEAR IMPULSE- Ate de lume antsy ACEC t o f . Pat M(Ve-Vi) for variable force e SFt= HWVa-¥) for constant force ® SF=net force SP=P-F a" @ Ss: a, (t= 0SPat 10 see. Scanned with CamScannerCase O 322 Ib. Initial velocity is zero Given: Find: ® Velocity after 10 sec. @® Displacement after 10 sec. Solution: @® Velocity after 10 sec. V= area of the force time curve Ww BE aay= Fve-Va = 322 28= 355 (Vo-0) Vp= 12.8 fps @® Displacement after 10 sec. =L reas z S=fiArea + Case @ Given: W= 322 Ib Initial velocity = 8 fps Find: ® Velocity ater 10 sec. @ Displacement ater 10 sec. ® Velocity ater 10 seo, 3008 ag) = 322 2 *322(Y2-V) 78 = 10(Vp 8) V2 158 fps ® Displacement ater 10 seq, S2Vit bag 7 32.2 [ 306) $=8(10) + 355 “P'6-99] S= 134.64 Saaennnaaaaseeeeeeeeee == A 1500 N block is in contact with a level plane whose coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.10, ® Ifthe block is acted upon a horizontal ie of 250 N, what time will elapse before block reaches a velocity of 14.5 mises, starting from rest? ® tf the 250 N force is then removed, tov much longer will the block conte move? Solution: ; @ Time elapsed before the block beet velocity of 14.5 m/sec. starting FEuN F = 0.10 (1500) F=150N Scanned with CamScannerDuring impact After impact O mV; + m2 —® OF @ Coefficient of restitution relative velocity after impact * relative velocity before Mp'= Va" Vy- Ve e= Scanned with CamScanner(CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM] e@=0 for inelastic impact or fully plastic impact e=t for elastic impact ° mQ y if 4 Conservation of momentum along x-direction: mV; Sin 6 = mV;'Cos & V, Sin @ = V;'Cos @ Coefficient of sestitution: = Mi Sing V, Cos 0 © Percentage of kinetic energy lost after impact Kinetic energy loss = Final KE - Initial KE Final KE =4 (my\y'? +fomavy? Init 4 eae 2 Initial KE = 5 (m,)V4? + 5 (m2)Vz Percentage of KE lost after impact ag = {Final KE fnitial KE)100 2 Initial KE A V0 v a m4Vy+ myVp= (m+ mV ‘% of mechanical energy lost: Final KE = 7 (m;+ mV? Initial KE = 5 (m)v2+ ; (v2 Scanned with CamScanner® Displacement in spring after impact K=(Spri v=0 Gia @ Average impact force for a certain tine "t" of contact: Ft = mi(Ve'- Vo) Ft = mVj'- V4) F = average impact force Ft = impulse Scanned with CamScanner