MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE

Week 2
UNIT 1: Demonstrate Working with Java Data Types, and Java Variables in accordance with
Java Framework
Most Essential Learning Competencies: At the end of the course, you must be able to:
1. Discuss the different types of Java Variables
2. Explain the syntax in declaring variables
3. Demonstrate how to declare other types of variable
4. Differentiate two groups of data Types

Java Variables

Variables are containers for storing data values.

In Java, there are different types of variables, for example:

 String - stores text, such as "Hello". String values are surrounded by double quotes
 int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123
 float - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
 char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are surrounded by single quotes
 boolean - stores values with two states: true or false

Declaring (Creating) Variables

To create a variable, you must specify the type and assign it a value:
Syntax

type variable = value;

Where type is one of Java's types (such as int or String), and variable is the name of the variable (such
as x or name). The equal sign is used to assign values to the variable.

To create a variable that should store text, look at the following example:
Example

Create a variable called name of type String and assign it the value "John":
String name ="John";
System.out.println(name);
To create a variable that should store a number, look at the following example:
Example

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2
Create a variable called myNum of type int and assign it the value 15:
int myNum=15;
System.out.println(myNum);

You can also declare a variable without assigning the value, and assign the value later:
Example

Int myNum;
myNum=15;
System.out.println(myNum);

Note that if you assign a new value to an existing variable, it will overwrite the previous value:

Example

Change the value of myNum from 15 to 20:

int myNum=15;
myNum=20;// myNum is now 20
System.out.println(myNum);

Final Variables

However, you can add the final keyword if you don't want others (or yourself) to overwrite existing
values (this will declare the variable as "final" or "constant", which means unchangeable and read-only):

Example

final int myNum=15;

myNum=20;// will generate an error: cannot assign a value to a final variable

Other Types

A demonstration of how to declare variables of other types:

Example

int myNum=5;
float myFloatNum=5.99f;
char myLetter='D';
Boolean myBool=true;
String myText="Hello";

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2

Java Data Types

As explained in the Java Variables, a variable in Java must be a specified data type:

Example
int myNum=5;// Integer (whole number)
float myFloatNum=5.99f;// Floating point number
char myLetter='D';// Character
booleanmyBool=true;// Boolean
StringmyText="Hello";// String

Data types are divided into two groups:

 Primitive data types - includes byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean and char
 Non-primitive data types - such as String, Arrays and Classes (you will learn more about these in
a later chapter)

Figure 2.1
Source: https://www.guru99.com/java-variables.html#2

Primitive Data Types

A primitive data type specifies the size and type of variable values, and it has no additional methods.
There are eight primitive data types in Java:

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
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Table 2.1
Data Type Size Description

byte 1 byte Stores whole numbers from -128 to 127

short 2 bytes Stores whole numbers from -32,768 to 32,767

int 4 bytes Stores whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

long 8 bytes Stores whole numbers from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to

9,223,372,036,854,775,807

float 4 bytes Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 6 to 7 decimal digits

double 8 bytes Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits

boolean 1 bit Stores true or false values

char 2 bytes Stores a single character/letter or ASCII values

Numbers

Primitive number types are divided into two groups:

Integer types stores whole numbers, positive or negative (such as 123 or -456), without decimals. Valid
types are byte, short, int and long. Which type you should use, depends on the numeric value.

Floating point types represents numbers with a fractional part, containing one or more decimals. There
are two types: float and double.

Even though there are many numeric types in Java, the most used for numbers are int (for whole
numbers) and double (for floating point numbers). However, we will describe them all as you continue
to read.

Integer Types

Byte

The byte data type can store whole numbers from -128 to 127. This can be used instead of int or other
integer types to save memory when you are certain that the value will be within -128 and 127:

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
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Example
byte myNum=100;
System.out.println(myNum);

Short
The short data type can store whole numbers from -32768 to 32767:

Example
short myNum=5000;
System.out.println(myNum);

Int

The int data type can store whole numbers from -2147483648 to 2147483647. The int data type is the
preferred data type when we create variables with a numeric value.

Example

int myNum=100000;
System.out.println(myNum);

Long
The long data type can store whole numbers from -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807.
This is used when int is not large enough to store the value. Note that you should end the value with an
"L":

Example
long myNum=15000000000L;
System.out.println(myNum);

Floating Point Types

You should use a floating point type whenever you need a number with a decimal, such as 9.99 or
3.14515.

Float

The float data type can store fractional numbers from 3.4e−038 to 3.4e+038. Note that you should end
the value with an "f":

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2
Example
float myNum=5.75f;
System.out.println(myNum);

Double

The double data type can store fractional numbers from 1.7e−308 to 1.7e+308. Note that you should
end the value with a "d":

Example

double myNum=19.99d;
System.out.println(myNum);

Use float or double?

The precision of a floating point value indicates how many digits the value can have after the decimal
point. The precision of float is only six or seven decimal digits, while double variables have a precision of
about 15 digits. Therefore it is safer to use double for most calculations.

Scientific Numbers

A floating point number can also be a scientific number with an "e" to indicate the power of 10:

Example

float f1 =35e3f;
double d1 =12E4d;
System.out.println(f1);
System.out.println(d1);

Booleans

A boolean data type is declared with the boolean keyword and can only take the values true or false:

Example

boolean isJavaFun = true;

boolean isFishTasty = false;
System.out.println(isJavaFun);// Outputs true
System.out.println(isFishTasty);// Outputs false

Boolean values are mostly used for conditional testing.

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2

Characters

The char data type is used to store a single character. The character must be surrounded by single
quotes, like 'A' or 'c':

Example

char myGrade='B';
System.out.println(myGrade);
Alternatively, you can use ASCII values to display certain characters:

Example

char a=65, b=66, c=67;

System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
System.out.println(c);

Strings

The String data type is used to store a sequence of characters (text). String values must be surrounded
by double quotes:

Example
String greeting ="Hello World";
System.out.println(greeting);

The String type is so much used and integrated in Java, that some call it "the special ninth type".

A String in Java is actually a non-primitive data type, because it refers to an object. The String object has
methods that are used to perform certain operations on strings. Don't worry if you don't understand
the term "object" just yet. We will learn more about strings and objects in a later chapter.

Non-Primitive Data Types

Non-primitive data types are called reference types because they refer to objects.

The main difference between primitive and non-primitive data types are:
 Primitive types are predefined (already defined) in Java. Non-primitive types are created by the
programmer and is not defined by Java (except for String).

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2
 Non-primitive types can be used to call methods to perform certain operations, while primitive
types cannot.
 A primitive type has always a value, while non-primitive types can be null.
 A primitive type starts with a lowercase letter, while non-primitive types starts with an
uppercase letter.
 The size of a primitive type depends on the data type, while non-primitive types have all the
same size.

1. JAVA Basic Data Types (PDF)

2. JAVA Variable Types (PDF)

1. JAVA Data types

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MFC_Vw9NxY&t=229s

2. JAVA Variables Types

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbVR0OG3J54&t=17s

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2

Quiz 2.1

Instructions: Write your answer on the Answer Sheet (AS) provided in this module.
A. Identification. (1-point each)
1. Is a container for storing data values.
2. The syntax in declaring or creating variables.
3. A data types includes byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean and char.
4. S data types - such as String, Arrays and Classes.
5. It stores whole numbers, positive or negative (such as 123 or -456), without decimals. Valid
types are byte, short, int and long.
6. It represents numbers with a fractional part, containing one or more decimals. There are two
types: float and double.
7. The data type can store whole numbers from -128 to 127. This can be used instead of int or
other integer types to save memory when you are certain that the value will be within -128 and
127:
8. The data type can store whole numbers from -32768 to 32767:
9. The data type can store whole numbers from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
10. The data type can store whole numbers from -9223372036854775808 to
9223372036854775807.

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2

Activity 2.1
Instructions: Write a Java program to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius degree.
The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale based on one proposed in 1724 by physicist Daniel Gabriel
Fahrenheit. It uses the degree Fahrenheit (symbol: °F) as the unit. The Celsius scale, previously known as
the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI
derived unit, it is used by all countries in the world, except the U.S.

Test Data
Input a degree in Fahrenheit: 212

Figure 2.2
Solution:

JAVA Code

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Fahrenheit_Celsius
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
double celsius, fahrenheit;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter temperature in Fahrenheit:");
fahrenheit = s.nextDouble();
celsius = (fahrenheit-32)*(0.5556);
System.out.println("Temperature in Celsius:"+celsius);
}
}

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2

Activity 2.2

Instructions: Write a Java program that reads a number in inches, converts it to meters.

The inch is a unit of length in the (British) imperial and United States customary systems of
measurement now formally equal to 1/36 yard but usually understood as 1/12 of a foot.

The meter is the base unit of length in some metric systems, including the International System of Units
(SI). The SI unit symbol is m. Take note, one inch is 0.0254 meter.

Test Data

Input a value for inch: 1000

Figure 2.3

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2
Solution

JAVA Code
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Activity2{
public static void main(String[] Strings){
Scanner input = newScanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Input a value for inch: ");
double inch =input.nextDouble();
double meters = inch *0.0254;
System.out.println(inch +" inch is "+ meters +" meters");

}
}

Activity 2.3

Problem: Write a Java program to compute body mass index (BMI).

BMI: The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally
expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres.

Figure 2.4

Sample Output:
Input weight in pounds: 452
Input height in inches: 72

1. Put the running codes on the Activity Sheet provided in this module together with the screen
shots or pictures from your monitor of the output. Save your file with the following format:
<lastname_coursecode_section_Weekno_quarter_ActivitySheetNo.docx>
Example: delacruz_CP1212_ICT2MA_Week2_1stQuarter_ASNo2.docx
* Activity Sheet No. and Week No. refers to the week you are working on
2. Email the file to your teacher.

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 MODULE 1: APPLY BASIC OF JAVA LANGUAGE
Week 2

1. https://www.w3schools.com
2. https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~yfeaste/cpsc215/cpsc2150F15/cpsc215Fall215/Notes/Tutorials
point_webpages/5java_basic_datatypes.pdf
3. https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~yfeaste/cpsc215/cpsc2150F15/cpsc215Fall215/Notes/Tutorials
point_webpages/6java_variable_types.pdf
4. https://www.w3resource.com/java-exercises/datatypes/index.php
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MFC_Vw9NxY&t=229s
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbVR0OG3J54&t=17s

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