10 XII December 2022

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48119
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Automatic Railway Gate Control System Using

PLC
GRT. Gokul1, S. Madharasan2, T. Manikandan3, P. Praneeth4, MS. P. Radhika5
1, 2, 3, 4
Department Of Mechatronics,SNS college of technology, Coimbatore - 610035
5
M.E Assistant Professor, Department of Mechatronics

Abstract: The aim of this project is to develop a prototype that control the railway gate using PLC (PROGRAMMABLELOGIC
CONTROLLER). Whenever train touches base at the IR sensor, caution is activated at the railway crossing so that the general
population get instruction that entryway will be shut. At that point the control module initiates and shuts the gates on either side
of the track. Once the train crosses, this module naturally lifts the gate. For mechanical operation of a gate DC adapted engines are
utilized. We are using PLC as a main control unit. As per the instructions produced at the PLC, the proper action (i.e., shut or
lift) will be made. This logic was implemented in PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)
Keywords: PLC, IR sensor, DC Motor

I. INTRODUCTION
When it involves public and private safety, it is always desirable to improve the signaling system and the way people are warned
about potentially dangerous situations.The existing conventional signaling system most of the times rely on the oral communication
through telephonic and telegraphic conversation as input for the decision making in track allocation for trains. There is a large scope
for miscommunication gap due to the higher human interference in the system. At railway crossing, the traditional railway system
uses the warning lights and human controlled gates to alert the people about an oncoming train .When the train leaves the station,
the station agent informs the gatekeeper regarding the arrival of the train using the telephone and telegraph. The gatekeeper closes
the gate depending on the timing at which the train arrives. Hence, if the train is late because of certain reasons, then gate stay
closed for an extended time inflicting traffic near the gates. The automatic railway gate control at the railway crossing the arrival of
the train is detected by the sensing element placed on the track at a precise distance from the gate. This sensing element detects the
approaching train and consequently controls the operation of the gate. When the wheels of the train moving over the track there will
be position switch and it will send the signal to PLC to indicate train arrival.This reduces the time that gate is closed as compared to
the gates operated manually. In addition, this also reducesthe human labor. This sort of automatic railway gate system is employed in
associate unmanned gate crossing where the probabilities of accidents are higher and reliableoperation is needed.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

The automatic railway gates operation has been projected using various methods. As proposed by Xishi Wang (1992), the process of
developing fault tolerance method has been applied for both the hardware and the software components. Magnetic sensors placed
undergroundto detect the train are less affected by environmental changesand recognizes the direction of movement of vehicles.
Jeong Y (2008) defined the railway auto control system using OSGi and JESS. The state of railway cross has been estimated using
JESS in the technique. The issues in the technique are he insufficient inline citations and also multiple issues related to OSGI. The
different methods used by locomotive pilots which can avoid the accidents and the safety measures while crossing the level
crossings are also discussed. Atul Kumar Dewangan (2012) gave a detailed introduction about the present railway technology and
also discussed the disadvantages of manually activated railway signals and the railway warnings at the level cross. The traindetectors
act as the major component in the train automation system.
Banuchander J (2012) developed a method to concentrate on anti-collision system to identify the collision points and to report these
error cases to main control room, nearby station as well as grid control stations.Efficient Zig- Bee based Train Anti-Collision using
Zig-Bee technology for railways is implemented.
Greene R.J. (2006) anticipated an intelligent railway crossing control system for multiple tracks that features a controller which
receives messages from incoming and outgoing trains by sensors. These messages contain detail information including the direction
and identity of a train. Depending on those messages the controller device decides whenever the railroad crossing gate will close or
open. But this technique has the issue of high maintenance.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1095
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Kawshik Shikder (2014) projected the automatic operation of railway gates using RF technology. The major issue of this technique
was every train could be provided with RF technology. Thus it was economically feasible to implement.Anil M.D. (2014) proposed
advanced railway accident prevention system using sensor networks. He used ZigBee RF module to communicate between base
station and trains. But, ZigBee was a short distance communicating device. Therefore it is practically not possible to implement his
technique motor looks as a straight expansion over the simple DCones.

III. DESCRIPTION AND WORKING

The main idea of our project is to develop the automatic tocontrol the railway gate and traffic light at level crossingusing PLC.
As a train approach the railway crossing from either side, the sensors placed in the track at a certain distance from the gate
detects the approaching train andaccordingly controls the operation of the gate. The proposed system uses infrared sensors to detect
the trains crossing theroad and motor to control traffic light and the opening or closing of gates. The system uses two sensors to
detect thearrival of the train and a second sensor to detect the leaves of the train. When the arrival of the train is sensed, signalsare
provided to the traffic indicating the arrival of the train on the road such as the signal turns red and the motor operates to close
the gate. When the second sensor detects the train, then the signal turns green and the motor operates to open the gate. The gate
remains closed until the train completely moves away from the crossing road. Thus, automation of the gate operations at the
level crossing isachieved using sensors, motor and traffic light. The signal from the colour resistive sensor will play important role
in gate control and traffic light control process. When the PLC receives the signal from the sensor, then it produces the output
based on ladder program which is fed to stepper motor driver for closing the gate. When t ga traffic lightindicates the red signal for
the vehicles that passing through the road. Similarly, when the PLC receives the signal from the receiver it indicates the train
indicates the train haspassed away SWITCH gate is in open position whichindicates that by a green signal for the level crosse
.
A. PLC
PLC defines as a “digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a programmable memory for the internal storageof the
instructions for implementing specific functions such as logic, timing, counting and arithmetic, sequencing tocontrol through digital
or analog input/output modules, various types of machines or processors.”

B. DC Motor
Geared DC Motors can be defined as an extension of DC motor which already had its insight details demystified here. A geared DC
Motor-30RPM, 12Volts geared are generally a simple DC Motor with a gearbox attached toThe speed of the motor is counted
interms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as RPM.The gear assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing
the speed. Using the correct combination of gears in a gear motor, its speed can be reduced to any desirable figure. This concept
where gears reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque is known as gear reduction. This insight will explore all the
minor and major details that make the gear and hence the working of geared DC motor. At the first sight, the external structure of a
DC geared
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM

SENSOR 1 SENSOR 2

SMPS PLC
24VDC

MOTOR SIGNALS BUZZER

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1096
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

The above architecture shows the arrangement of thecomponents and connected in such a manner.here each andevery component
has connected in such away to communicate and to do control functions of all the components. By having a monitoring area all the
process can be monitored at a single place. PLC is placed in central because it does all the functions according to sensor inputs

V. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

SENSOR MOTOR
PLC

MONITORING AREA

Here we can see the complete flow process of the project the signal from the sensor will play major role in complete process as an
initial state the signal is sent to PLC then it produces the output base on our ladder program the it is fed to drive the DC motor only
needs the pilses.As a monitoring area we will have some display arrangements to monitor complete process.here signal to the
monitoring area will betaken from the PLC.

VI. ADVANTAGES
A. Saving of money
B. Move towards smart city
C. Accident avoidance
D. Human safety

VII. CONCLUSION
Now a day, PLCs are being used to reduce maintenanceand labor cost of many control systems solutions.Within nextfive to ten years
many existing control systems will be replaced by PLCs.Therefore, it is highly recommended thatacomplex system like railway gate
controlling will be based on PLCs. In this project, we have developed such a control system.A prototype road and rail line model
with railway gate has been created and implemented. After successful testing of the whole system, it was foundthat the developed
system operates satisfactorily.

VIII. SYSTEM MODEL

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1097
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue XII Dec 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

VIII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere thanks to our belovedprincipal, HOD, Project coordinator, staff members and special thanks to
our guide.

REFERENCES
[1] R.Gopinathan and B. Siva Shankar ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 8 Issue 1-april 2014,”PLC BASED RAILWAY LEVELCROSSING GATE CONTROL.
[2] B.Brailson Mansingh, Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), 2015 IEEE 9th InternationalConference, ”Automationin unmanned railway levelcrossing.”
[3] Mr. P. Kirankumar and Mr.B.S.Shivashankar in International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Issued on April 2015. PLC based automatic
fault detection of railwaytrack and accidence avoidance system .
[4] I Rays to eliminate over 6,000 med level crossings article in the Indian Express, 30th July 2016 by PTL
[5] Indian Railway develops warning system for un manned level crossings, article in Times of India. 25th October 2015 by PTI 1311.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1098