COMPETENCIES: (1ST QUARTER - Week 1)

1. Enumerate the different kinds of circuit

2. Differentiate the different kinds of electronic circuit relevant to robotics:
3. Describe the operation of each kind of circuit as applied to robotics:

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the week, you are expected to;

✓ Define the different kinds of circuit.

✓ Identify the different kinds of electronic circuits.
✓ Define what is circuit in robotics its components and uses.
✓ Enumerate the circuit components in robotics.
✓ Sketched-out the different kinds of circuit.
✓ Evaluate the significance of electric circuit to human present practices..

LEARNER’S TASKS

Lesson Overview:
In electronics, a circuit is a complete circular path that electricity flows through. A simple circuit
consists of a current source, conductors and a load. The term circuit can be used in a general
sense to refer to any fixed path that electricity, data or a signal can travel through.
An act or instance of going or moving around. A circular journey or one beginning and ending at
the same place
In this module, you are expected to define and enumerate the kinds of electric circuit, its
meaning and uses. At the end of this module you will be able to sketched-out the different kinds
of electric circuits.
What 2 Kinds of Electric Circuit
1. Series Circuit - There is a single current pathway. All components have similar current
running through them. A series circuit is one in which numerous resistances are linked
one after the other. Such connection is also termed as an end to end connection or a
cascade connection. There is a single path for the flow of current.

2. Parallel Circuit - There are multiple current pathways. All components have similar
potential difference across them. The parallel circuit is one in which numerous
resistances are linked across one another in such a manner that one terminal of every
resistance is connected to form a junction point while the remaining end is also linked to
form another point.
 5 MAIN TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
A. Closed circuits
B. Open circuits
C. Short circuits
D. Series circuits
E. Parallel circuits

1. Close Circuit

When load works on its own in a circuit then it is called Close Circuit or Closed Circuit. Under
this situation, the value of current flow depends on load

2. Open Circuit

When there is a faulty electrical wire or electronic component in a circuit or the switch is OFF,
then it is called Open Circuit. In the below diagram you can see that the Bulb is Not glowing
because either the switch is OFF or there is fault is the electrical wire.

3. Short Circuit

When both points (+ & –) of voltage source in a circuit gets joint with each other for some
reason then it is called Short Circuit. Maximum current starts to flow under this situation. Short
circuit generally happens when the conducting electrical wires get joint of even because of
shorting in the load.

4. Series Circuit

When 2 or more loads (Bulb, CFL, LED, Fan etc) are connected to each other in a series, then it
is called a Series Circuit. In a series circuit, if one load or bulb gets fuse, then rest of the bulbs
will not get power supply and will not glow.

5. Parallel Circuit

When 2 or more loads (Bulb, CFL, LED, Fan etc) are connected to each other in parallel, then it
is called Parallel Circuit. In this type of circuit, the voltage capacity of all loads must be equal to
input supply. Power of “load” can be different. In a parallel circuit, if one load or bulb gets fuse,
then rest of the bulbs will still get power supply and will glow.
ROBOTICS
Robotics is a combination of electronics, mechanics and software. Today robotics has a big
role in education, industry, science and researchs and spreads worldwide. Day by day more
people start to interest in robotics. As a hobby robotics provides many benefits such as
creativity, design ability, opportunity of improve yourself in electronics, mechanics and software,
wide vision on the projects, handicraft...etc. Robotiksistem aims to help the people who interests
in robotics by presenting different robot projects and robot circuits and also by giving information
about robotics.

What electronics are used in robotics?

• Power systems.
• Sensors.
• Actuators.
• Microcontrollers and processors.
• Useful software tools.

POWER SYSTEM
Just like humans, robots need energy to function. Humans survive on air, food, water, and Wi-
Fi, and robots survive on electricity. So the No. 1 system in this robotics guide is the power
system.
Normally, robots have rechargeable batteries, which makes them mobile and therefore more
useful. It goes without saying that the larger the battery (the greater the capacity of the battery),
the longer the robot can operate. But we can't have an infinitely large battery on a small robot!
This is a tradeoff that power systems engineers try to balance.
Ideally, the battery should be just large enough for the robot to be able to run for as long as you
want it to in the worst-case scenario, but should be small enough that it can fit on the robot and
does not add too much extra weight

SENSORS

Batteries are important and fun to play with. But what good are batteries without the rest of the
onboard electronics? Just like the human sensory system, which consists of the eyes, nose,
ears, taste buds, and skin, robots have a sensory system too. It goes without saying that the
system is not as developed as ours, but there have been some major advancements recently.\

A typical robot’s sensory system would consist of a number of analog and digital sensors, such
as a camera for vision, microphones for perceiving sound, ultrasonic or IR sensors for
perceiving distance (this is similar to echolocation in bats and whales), and flex/tactile sensors
for perceiving physical feelings. You can check out some interesting sensors on SparkFun
Electronics and Adafruit and their tutorials as well. Try ordering some sensors for yourself online
from RoboRium or Amazon and play around with them to find out more.
ACTUATORS

Is a device that helps to induce motion in the robot. Actuators can be electronic,
pneumatic, or hydraulic. For smaller robots, we generally use electronic actuators, as
they are easier to deal with, widely available, and inexpensive.

COMMON ELECTRONIC ACTUATORS

1. DC motor 3. STEPPER MOTOR

2. SERVO MOTOR 4. SMART SERVO

How Are Electric Circuits Related To Robots?

Most robots have a lot of these types of built-in electronic circuits that make decisions and
responses. When they have a series of more complex electronic circuits, they can perform
multiple functions such as moving, sensing and receiving, and sending information.

ROBOT CIRCUITS
Three main parts of robotic circuit;
1. Control part - includes the microcontrollers which are programmed by the robot maker.

2. Sensing part - includes the sensors that are needed to detect the necessary changes of
the environment such as light, voice, temperature, objects...etc and to transport the
suitable signals to the control part.

3. Output part - are the motor driving parts of the robots.

ACTIVITY 1.
A. Instruction: Draw or sketch-out an Art relating to traditional designs of Philippine Art
history. You may draw based on national, provincial, and local art designs.

References:

• https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/circuit
• https://byjus.com/physics/types-of-circuits/
• https://www.cs.rochester.edu/users/faculty/nelson/courses/csc_robocon/robot_manual/el
ectronics.html
• http://www.robotiksistem.com/robotcircuit.html