Understanding Poetry

◼ In poetry the sound and

meaning of words are
combined to express
feelings, thoughts, and
ideas.
◼ The poet chooses words
carefully.
◼ Poetry is usually written in
lines.
2
Poetry Elements
Writers use many elements to create their
poems. These elements include:

◼ Rhythm
◼ Sound
◼ Imagery
◼ Form
3
Rhythm
◼ Rhythm is the flow of the beat in
a poem.
◼ Gives poetry a musical feel.
◼ Can be fast or slow, depending
on mood and subject of poem.
◼ You can measure rhythm in
meter, by counting the beats in
each line.
◼ (See next two slides for
examples.)
4
Rhythm Example
The Pickety Fence by David McCord
The pickety fence
The pickety fence
Give it a lick it's
The pickety fence
Give it a lick it's
A clickety fence
Give it a lick it's a lickety fence
Give it a lick
Give it a lick
Give it a lick
With a rickety stick
pickety The rhythm in this poem is fast –
pickety to match the speed of the stick
pickety striking the fence.
pick.
5
 Rhythm Example
Where Are You Now?
When the night begins to fall
And the sky begins to glow
You look up and see the tall
City of lights begin to grow –
In rows and little golden squares
The lights come out. First here, then there
Behind the windowpanes as though The rhythm in this poem is
A million billion bees had built slow – to match the night
Their golden hives and honeycombs gently falling and the
lights slowly coming on.
Above you in the air
.
By Mary Britton Miller

6
Sound
Writers love to use interesting sounds in
their poems. After all, poems are meant to
be heard. These sound devices include:

◼ Rhyme
◼ Repetition
◼ Alliteration
◼ Onomatopoeia

7
 Rhyme
◼ Rhymes are words that end with
the same sound. (Hat, cat and bat
rhyme.)
◼ Rhyming sounds don’t have to be
spelled the same way. (Cloud and
allowed rhyme.)
◼ Rhyme is the most common sound
device in poetry.

8
 Rhyming Patterns
◼ Poets can choose from ◼ AABB – lines 1 & 2 rhyme
a variety of different and lines 3 & 4 rhyme
rhyming patterns. ◼ ABAB – lines 1 & 3 rhyme
◼ (See next four slides and lines 2 & 4 rhyme
for examples.) ◼ ABBA – lines 1 & 4 rhyme
and lines 2 & 3 rhyme
◼ ABCB – lines 2 & 4 rhyme
and lines 1 & 3 do not
rhyme

9
 AABB Rhyming Pattern
First Snow

Snow makes whiteness where it falls.

The bushes look like popcorn balls.
And places where I always play,
Look like somewhere else today.
By Marie Louise Allen

10
ABAB Rhyming Pattern
Oodles of Noodles

I love noodles. Give me oodles.

Make a mound up to the sun.
Noodles are my favorite foodles.
I eat noodles by the ton.

By Lucia and James L. Hymes, Jr.

11
ABBA Rhyming Pattern
From “Bliss”

Let me fetch sticks,

Let me fetch stones,
Throw me your bones,
Teach me your tricks.
By Eleanor Farjeon

12
ABCB Rhyming Pattern

The Alligator

The alligator chased his tail

Which hit him in the snout;
He nibbled, gobbled, swallowed it,
And turned right inside-out.
by Mary Macdonald

13
 Repetition
◼ Repetition occurs when
poets repeat words, phrases,
or lines in a poem.
◼ Creates a pattern.
◼ Increases rhythm.
◼ Strengthens feelings, ideas
and mood in a poem.
◼ (See next slide for example.)

14
 Repetition Example

The Sun
Some one tossed a pancake,
A buttery, buttery, pancake.
Someone tossed a pancake
And flipped it up so high,
That now I see the pancake,
The buttery, buttery pancake,
Now I see that pancake
Stuck against the sky.

by Sandra Liatsos

15
 Alliteration
◼ Alliteration is the
repetition of the first
consonant sound in
words, as in the
nursery rhyme “Peter
Piper picked a peck
of pickled peppers.”
The snake slithered silently
◼ (See next slide for along the sunny sidewalk.
example.)

16
 Alliteration Example
This Tooth
I jiggled it
jaggled it
jerked it.
I pushed
and pulled
and poked it.
But –
As soon as I stopped,
And left it alone
This tooth came out
On its very own!
by Lee Bennett Hopkins
17
 Onomatopoeia
◼ Words that represent the
actual sound of something
are words of onomatopoeia.
Dogs “bark,” cats “purr,”
thunder “booms,” rain
“drips,” and the clock “ticks.”
◼ Appeals to the sense of
sound.
◼ (See next slide for example.)

18
 Onomatopoeia Example
Listen
Scrunch, scrunch, scrunch.
Crunch, crunch, crunch.
Frozen snow and brittle ice
Make a winter sound that’s nice
Underneath my stamping feet
And the cars along the street.
Scrunch, scrunch, scrunch.
Crunch, crunch, crunch.
by Margaret Hillert
19
Imagery
◼ Imagery is the use of words
to create pictures, or images,
in your mind.
◼ Appeals to the five senses:
smell, sight, hearing, taste
Five Senses
and touch.
◼ Details about smells, sounds,
colors, and taste create
strong images.
◼ To create vivid images
writers use figures of speech.
20
Figures of Speech
◼ Figures of speech are tools that
writers use to create images, or
“paint pictures,” in your mind.
◼ Similes, metaphors, and
personification are three figures of
speech that create imagery.

21
 Simile
◼ A simile compares two
things using the words
“like” or “as.”
◼ Comparing one thing to
another creates a vivid
image.
◼ (See next slide for
example.) The runner streaked like a cheetah.

22
 Simile Example
Flint
An emerald is as green as grass,
A ruby red as blood;
A sapphire shines as blue as heaven;
A flint lies in the mud.

A diamond is a brilliant stone,

To catch the world’s desire;
An opal holds a fiery spark;
But a flint holds fire.
By Christina Rosetti
23
 Metaphor
◼ A metaphor compares two things
without using the words “like” or
“as.”
◼ Gives the qualities of one thing to
something that is quite different.
◼ (See next slide for example.)

The winter wind is a wolf

howling at the door.

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 Metaphor Example
The Night is a Big Black Cat

The Night is a big black cat

The moon is her topaz eye,
The stars are the mice she hunts at night,
In the field of the sultry sky.

By G. Orr Clark

25
 Personification
◼ Personification gives human traits
and feelings to things that are not
human – like animals or objects.
◼ (See next slide for example.)

The moon smiled down at me.

26
 Personification Example
Mister Sun”
Mister Sun
Wakes up at dawn,
Puts his golden
Slippers on,
Climbs the summer
Sky at noon,
Trading places
With the moon.
by J. Patrick Lewis
27
 Forms of Poetry
There are many forms of poetry including the:
◼ Couplet
◼ Tercet
◼ Acrostic
◼ Cinquain
◼ Haiku
◼ Senryu
◼ Concrete Poem
◼ Free Verse
◼ Limerick

28
Lines and Stanzas
◼ Most poems are March
written in lines. A blue day
◼ A group of lines in A blue jay
a poem is called a
stanza. And a good beginning.
◼ Stanzas separate
ideas in a poem. One crow,
They act like Melting snow –
paragraphs.
Spring’s winning!
◼ This poem has two
By Eleanor Farjeon
stanzas.
29
 Couplet
◼ A couplet is a poem, or stanza
in a poem, written in two lines.
◼ Usually rhymes.

The Jellyfish
Who wants my jellyfish?
I’m not sellyfish!
By Ogden Nash

30
 Tercet
◼ A tercet is a poem, or
stanza, written in three
lines.
◼ Usually rhymes.
◼ Lines 1 and 2 can
rhyme; lines 1 and 3 can
rhyme; sometimes all 3
lines rhyme. Winter Moon
How thin and sharp is the moon tonight!
How thin and sharp and ghostly white
Is the slim curved crook of the moon tonight!
By Langston Hughes

31
 Quatrain
◼ A quatrain is a poem, or stanza,
written in four lines.
◼ The quatrain is the most common
form of stanza used in poetry.
◼ Usually rhymes.
◼ Can be written in variety of rhyming The Lizard
patterns.
The lizard is a timid thing
◼ (See slide 9 entitled “Rhyming
Patterns.”) That cannot dance or fly or sing;
He hunts for bugs beneath the floor
And longs to be a dinosaur.
By John Gardner

32
 Traditional Cinquain
◼ A cinquain is a poem
written in five lines that do
not rhyme.
◼ Traditional cinquain has
five lines containing 22
syllables in the following
pattern: Oh, cat
Line 1 – 2 syllables are you grinning
Line 2 – 4 syllables curled in the window seat
Line 3 – 6 syllables
as sun warms you this December
Line 4 – 8 syllables
Line 5 – 2 syllables morning?
By Paul B. Janezco

33
 Word-Count Cinquain
◼ Word-count cinquain for younger
students uses the following
pattern:

Line 1: One word (title)

Line 2: Two words (describe the
title)
Line 3: Three words (describe an
Owl
action)
Line 4: Four words (describe a Swift, ferocious
feeling) Watches for food
Line 5: One word (another word for
Soaring through the night
title)
Hunter

34
 Diamante
Diamante Pattern
◼ A diamante is a seven-line poem Line 1 – Your topic (noun)
written in the shape of a
Line 2 – Two adjectives about
diamond.
Line 3 – Three “ing” words about
◼ Does not rhyme.
Line 4 – Four nouns or short
◼ Follows pattern. phrase linking topic (or topics)
◼ Can use synonyms or antonyms. Line 5 – Three “ing” words about
◼ (See next two slides for Line 5 – Two adjectives about
examples.) Line 7 – Your ending topic (noun)

35
 Synonym Diamante
Monsters
Creepy, sinister,
Hiding, lurking, stalking,
Vampires, mummies, werewolves and more –
Chasing, pouncing eating,
Hungry, scary,
Creatures

36
 Antonym Diamante
Day
Bright, sunny,
Laughing, playing, doing,
Up in the east, down in the west –
Talking, resting, sleeping,
Quiet, dark,
Night

37
 Haiku
◼ A haiku is a Japanese poem with 3
lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. (Total
of 17 syllables.)
◼ Does not rhyme.
◼ Is about an aspect of nature or the
seasons.
Little frog among
◼ Captures a moment in time.
rain-shaken leaves, are you, too,
splashed with fresh, green paint?
by Gaki

38
 Senryu

◼ A senryu follows same pattern as

haiku.
◼ Written in 3 unrhymed lines of 5, 7,
and 5 syllables, with total of 17
syllables.
◼ Is about human nature, rather than
First day, new school year,
natural world.
backpack harbors a fossil…
last June’s cheese sandwich.

By Cristine O’Connell George

39
 Concrete Poem
◼ A concrete poem (also
called shape poem) is
written in the shape of
its subject.
◼ The way the words are
arranged is as important
what they mean.
◼ Does not have to rhyme.

40
 Free Verse
Revenge
◼ A free verse poem
When I find out
does not use rhyme or who took
patterns. the last cooky

◼ Can vary freely in out of the jar

and left
length of lines, me a bunch of
stanzas, and subject. stale old messy
crumbs, I'm
going to take
me a handful
and crumb
up someone's bed.

By Myra Cohn Livingston

41
 Acrostic
◼ In an acrostic poem the first
letter of each line, read down
the page, spells the subject of
the poem.
◼ Type of free verse poem.
Loose brown parachute
◼ Does not usually rhyme.
Escaping
And
Floating on puffs of air.
by Paul Paolilli

42
 Limerick

◼ A limerick is a funny
poem of 5 lines.
◼ Lines 1, 2 & 5 rhyme.
◼ Lines 3 & 4 are
shorter and rhyme. There Seems to Be a Problem
◼ Line 5 refers to line 1. I really don’t know about Jim.

◼ Limericks are a kind When he comes to our farm for a swim,

of nonsense poem. The fish as a rule,

jump out of the pool.
Is there something the matter with him?
By John Ciardi

43
Nonsense Poems
◼ A nonsense poem is a
humorous poem with
silly characters and
actions. It is meant to
be fun.
◼ Can be written as a A Princess Laments
limerick or as another
I kissed a frog because I’d heard
form of poetry.
That it would turn into a prince.
That’s not exactly what occurred,
And I’ve been croaking ever since.
by Jack Prelutsky

44
Word Play
◼ Some poets use a special kind
of word play by making up
words or misspelling them on
purpose.
The Walrus
The pounding spatter
Of salty sea
Makes the walrus
Walrusty.
By Douglas Florian

45
 Hello!
Voice Hi!

“Voice” is the speaker in a poem. The speaker

can be the poet himself or a character he created
in the poem. There can be one speaker or many
speakers.

◼ Poet as speaker (slides 47-49)

◼ Human character in poem as speaker (slide 50)
◼ Object or animal as speaker (slides 51-52)
◼ More than one speaker (slides 53-54)

46
Voice: Poet as Speaker
The Wind

Who has seen the wind?

Neither I nor you:
But when the leaves hang trembling
The wind is passing thro’.

Who has seen the wind?

Neither you nor I:
But when the trees bow down their heads, In this poem, the poet
The wind is passing by. speaks of her feelings
about the power of the
by Christina Rosetti wind.

47
 Voice: Poet as Speaker
The Sugar Lady

There is an old lady who lives down the hall,

Wrinkled and gray and toothless and small.
At seven already she’s up,
Going from door to door with a cup.
“Do you have any sugar?” she asks,
Although she’s got more than you.
“Do you have any sugar?” she asks,
Hoping you’ll talk for a minute or two.
In this poem, the poet tells
by Frank Asch a story about a lonely old
woman hoping to talk.

48
Voice: Poet as Speaker
Clouds

White sheep, white sheep,

On a blue hill,
When the wind stops
You all stand still.
When the wind blows
You walk away slow. In this poem, the poet speaks to
clouds - something that cannot
White sheet, white sheep, answer back. She uses a
Where do you go? metaphor when she calls the
clouds “white sheep.”
by Christina Rosetti
49
Voice: Human Character as Speaker
For Keeps

We had a tug of war today

Old March Wind and I.
He tried to steal my new red kite
That Daddy helped me fly.
He huffed and puffed.
I pulled so hard
And held that string so tight In this poem, the voice is
Old March Wind gave up at last that of a child flying a kite
And let me keep my kite. on a windy day. The child
is the character in the
poem.
by Jean Conder Soule

50
Voice: Object as Speaker
Crayon Dance

The cardboard ceiling lifts

Pickmepickmepickme, I pray
The fingers do! They choose me,
Sky Blue!
Hurrah! Hooray!
In this poem, the voice is that
by April Halprin Wayland of a blue crayon, happy to be
picked by the artist. The
crayon is the character in the
poem.

51
Voice: Animal as Speaker
Turtle in July

Heavy
Heavy hot
Heavy hot hangs
Thick sticky
Icky
But I lie
Nose high In this poem, the voice is that of a
Cool pool turtle keeping cool on a hot July
No fool day. The turtle is the character in
the poem.
A turtle in July
by Marilyn Singer
52
Voice: Two Speakers
I Talk With the Moon

I talk with the moon, said the owl

While she lingers over my tree
I talk with the moon, said the owl
And the night belongs to me.
There are two voices in this
I talk with the sun said the wren poem. In the first stanza the
voice is that of the night-time
As soon as he starts to shine owl. In the second stanza the
I talk with the sun, said the wren voice is that of the day-time
And the day is mine. wren.

By Beverly McLoughland

53
 Voice: Multiple Speakers
Monster Mothers
By Florence Parry Heide
“Mine’s as scaly
When monster mothers get together as a fish.”
They brag about their babies. “Mine is sort of
The other day I heard one say,
yellowish.”
“He’s got his very first fang today!”

“Mine is ugly.” “Mine breathes fire

“Mine is mean.” and smoke and such.”
“Mine is turning “Mine has skin
nice and green.”
you’d hate to touch.”

In this poem, there are many voices. The speakers

are the monster mothers describing their babies.
54
Author’s Purpose

The poet has an “author’s purpose” when he writes a poem.

The purpose can be to:
◼ Share feelings (joy, sadness, anger, fear, loneliness)
◼ Tell a story
◼ Send a message (theme - something to think about)
◼ Be humorous
◼ Provide description* (e.g., person, object, concept)

*Although description is important in all poems, the focus of some poems is

the description itself rather than feelings, story-telling, message, or humor.

55
Author’s Purpose: Share Feelings
When I Was Lost
Underneath my belt
My stomach was a stone.
Sinking was the way I felt.
And hollow.
And alone.
The author’s purpose is to
By Dorothy Aldis share her feelings about
being lost and scared.

56
 Author’s Purpose: Tell Story
Jimmy Jet By Shel Silverstein
And his brains turned into TV tubes,
I'll tell you the story of Jimmy Jet – And his face to a TV screen.
And you know what I tell you is true. And two knobs saying “VERT.” and “HORIZ.”
He loved to watch his TV set Grew where his ears had been.
Almost as much as you.
And he grew a plug that looked like a tail
He watched all day,he watched all night So we plugged in little Jim.
Till he grew pale and lean, And now instead of him watching TV
From "The Early Show" to “The Late Late Show” We all sit around and watch him.
And all the shows between.

He watched till his eyes were frozen wide,

And his bottom grew into his chair.
And his chin turned into a tuning dial,
And antennae grew out of his hair.

The author’s purpose is to tell the story of a

boy who watched too much television.

57
Author’s Purpose: Send Message
Share the Adventure
Pages and pages
A seesaw of ideas –
Share the adventure

Fiction, nonfiction:
Door to our past and future
Swinging back and forth
The author’s purpose is to
WHAM! The book slams shut, send a serious message.
But we read it together The message, or theme, is
With our minds open that reading is an adventure
that can be shared.
by Patricia and Frederick McKissack

58
Author’s Purpose: Be Humorous
Insides

I’m very grateful to my skin

For keeping all my insides in –
I do so hate to think about
What I would look like inside-out.
By Colin West
The author’s purpose is
to write a humorous poem
about the purpose of skin.

59
Author’s Purpose: Be Descriptive
Me by Karla Kuskin
“My nose is blue,
My teeth are green,
My face is like a soup tureen.
I look just like a lima bean.
I’m very, very lovely.
My feet are far too short
And long.
My hands are left and right
And wrong.
My voice is like the hippo’s song.
The author’s purpose is to
I’m very, very,
describe a strange-looking
Very, very, person.
Very, very
Lovely?”
60
Author’s Purpose: Be Descriptive
Vacuum Cleaner

Roars over carpet

zig-zag-zips
sucking up fuzz
through metal lips.
By Dee Lillegard
The author’s purpose is to
describe an object – a vacuum
cleaner.

61
Author’s Purpose: Be Descriptive
Beetles

Emerald, ruby, turquoise blue,

Beatles come in every hue:
Beetles that pinch or sting or bite,
Tiger beetles that claw and fight,
Beetles whose burnished armor gleams,
Whirligig beetles that dance on streams,
Antlered beetles in staglike poses,
Beetles that smell – and not like roses, The author’s purpose is
to describe a variety of
Others that click like castanets,
beetles.
That dig or swim or zoom like jets,
Hard as coffee beans, brown as leather,
Or shimmering bright as a peacock feather!
By Ethel Jacobson
62
Author’s Purpose: Be Descriptive
Understanding

Sun
And rain
And wind
And storms
And thunder go together.

There has to be a bit of each The author’s purpose is to

To make the weather. describe a concept – weather.

By Myra Cohn Livingston

63
Mood
◼ Mood is the atmosphere, or
emotion, in the poem
created by the poet.
◼ Can be happy, angry, silly,
sad, excited, fearful or
thoughtful.
◼ Poet uses words and
images to create mood.
◼ Author’s purpose helps
determine mood.
◼ (See slides 65-72 for
examples.)
64
Mood - Barefoot Days
Barefoot Days by Rachel Field
In the morning, very early,
That’s the time I love to go
Barefoot where the fern grows curly
And grass is cool between each toe,
On a summer morning-O!
On a summer morning!
That is when the birds go by
Up the sunny slopes of air,
And each rose has a butterfly
Or a golden bee to wear;
The mood in this poem is
And I am glad in every toe –
happy. What clues in the
Such a summer morning-O! poem can you use to
Such a summer morning! determine the mood?

65
Mood - Mad Song
Mad Song

I shut my door
To keep you out
Won’t do no good
To stand and shout
Won’t listen to
A thing you say
Just time you took
Yourself away
I lock my door
The mood in this poem is
To keep me here angry. What clues in the
Until I’m sure poem can you use to
You disappear. determine the mood?
By Myra Cohn Livingston

66
Mood - Poem
Poem
I loved my friend.
He went away from me.
There’s nothing more to say.
The poem ends,
Soft as it began –
I loved my friend:
The mood in this poem is
By Langston Hughes sad. What clues in the
poem can you use to
determine the mood?

67
Mood - Something is There
Something is There
Something is there
there on the stair
coming down
coming down
stepping with care.
Coming down
coming down
slinkety-sly.

Something is coming and wants to get by. The mood in this poem
is fearful. What clues in
By Lilian Moore the poem can you use to
determine the mood?

68
Mood - Joyful
Joyful

A summer day is full of ease,

a bank is full of money,
our lilac bush is full of bees,
And I am full of honey.
By Rose Burgunder The mood in this poem is
happy. What clues in the
poem can you use to
determine the mood?

69
Mood - Foghorns
Foghorns
The foghorns moaned
in the bay last night
so sad
so deep
I thought I heard the city
crying in its sleep.

By Lilian Moore The mood in this poem is sad.

What clues in the poem can you
use to determine the mood?

70
Mood - Magic Landscape
Magic Landscape

Shall I draw a magic landscape?

In the genius of my fingers
I hold the seeds.
Can I grow a painting like a flower?
Can I sculpture a future without weeds?

By Joyce Carol Thomas The mood in this poem is

thoughtful. What clues in
the poem can you use to
determine the mood?

71
Mood - Higglety, Pigglety, Pop
Higglety, Pigglety, Pop!

Higglety, Pigglety, Pop!

The dog has eaten the mop;
The pig’s in a hurry,
The cat’s in a flurry,
Higglety, Pigglety, Pop!

By Samuel Goodrich
The mood in this poem is
silly. What clues in the
poem can you use to
determine the mood?
72
 Reading for Meaning
◼ To find meaning in a poem, readers ask questions as they read. There
are many things to pay attention to when reading a poem:

Title – Provides clues about – topic, mood, speaker, author’s purpose?

Rhythm – Fast or slow? Why?
Sound Devices – What effects do they have?
Imagery – What pictures do we make in our minds?
Figures of Speech – What do they tell us about the subject?
Voice – Who is speaking - poet or character; one voice or more?
Author’s Purpose – Sending message, sharing feelings, telling story,
being funny, being descriptive?
Mood – Happy, sad, angry, thoughtful, silly, excited, frightened?
Plot – What is happening in the poem?

Remember, to make meaning, readers must make connections and tap

into their background knowledge and prior experiences as they read.

73
 Poetry
What is poetry? Who knows?
Not a rose, but the scent of a rose;
Not the sky, but the light in the sky;
Not the fly, but the gleam of the fly;
Not the sea, but the sound of the sea;
Not myself, but what makes me
See, hear, and feel something that prose
Cannot: and what it is, who knows?

By Eleanor Farjeon

74
 Mass. Frameworks Poets
◼ Click on the following link to access
poems written by poets suggested in
the Massachusetts English
Language Arts Curriculum
Frameworks (Grades 3-5).

Poetry Frameworks - Poets

◼ Poets include: Rosemary and

Stephen Vincent Benet, Lewis
Caroll, John Ciardi, Rachel Field,
Robert Frost, Langston Hughes,
Edward Lear, Myra Cohn Livingston,
David McCord, A. A. Milne, Ogden
Nash, Laura Richards, and Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow for Grade 5.

75
Resources for Teaching Poetry
◼ Click on the following link to
find suggested resources for
teaching poetry.

Poetry Resources

76
Acknowledgements
Books:
Cobwebs, Chatters, and Chills: A Collection of Scary Poems. Compiled and
annotated by Patricia M. Stockland. Minneapolis, MS: Compass Point Books, 2004.
Dirty Laundry Pile: Poems in Different Voices. Selected by Paul B. Janeczko. New
York: HarperCollins, 2001.
Easy Poetry Lessons that Dazzle and Delight. Harrison, David L. NY: Scholastic
Professional Books, 1999.
Favorite Poems: Old and New. Selected by Helen Ferris. NY: Doubleday. 1957.
A Kick in the Head: An Everyday Guide to Poetic Forms. Selected by Paul B.
Janeczko. Boston, MA: Candlewick Press, 2005.
Knock at a Star: A Child’s Introduction to Poetry. Kennedy, X. J. and Kennedy,
Dorothy M. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1999.
Pass the Poetry, Please. Hopkins, Lee Benett. New York: Harper Collins, 1998.
Poem Making: Ways to Begin Writing Poetry. Livingston, Myra Cohn. New York:
Harper Collins,1991.
Poetry from A to Z. Janeczko, Paul B. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Poetry Place Anthology: More Than 600 Poems for All Occasions. NY: Scholastic
Professional Books, 1983.

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Acknowledgements
Books (Continued):
Random House Book of Poetry: A Treasury of 572 Poems for Today’s Child.
Selected by Jack Prelutsky. NY: Random House, 1983.
Recess, Rhyme, and Reason: A Collection of Poems About School. Compiled and
annotated by Patricia M. Stockland. Minneapolis, MS: Compass Point Books, 2004.
Teaching 10 Fabulous Forms of Poetry: Great Lessons, Brainstorming Sheets, and
Organizers for Writing Haiku, Limericks, Cinquains, and Other Kinds of Poetry
Kids Love. Janeczko, Paul B. NY: Scholastic Professional Books, 2000.
Tomie DePaola’s Book of Poems. Selected by Tomie DePaola. NY: G.P. Putnam’s
Sons, 1988.
The Twentieth Century Children’s Poetry Treasury. Selected by Jack Prelutsky. NY:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.
Weather: Poems. Selected by Lee Bennett Hopkins. NY: HarperCollins, 1994.
Writing Poetry with Children. Monterey, CA: Evan-Moor Corp., 1999.

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Acknowledgements
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