TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING

AND PRESENTATION

FERNANDO B. PADDUYAO, PhD

 Philippine Copyright, 2021

By:
Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.

and

FERNANDO B. PADDUYAO, PhD

PUBLISHED AND DISTRIBUTED BY:

WISEMAN’S BOOKS TRADING, INC.

ISBN: 978-621-418-172-8

All Rights Reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval sys-
tem, without permission in writing from the publisher and author.

Any copy of this book without the signature of the author is considered from illegal source or is
in possession of one who has no authority to dispose of the same.
 PREFACE

Most police officers have realized that they need to learn how to make police reports. Making
reports is inherent in the performance of the police officer’s duties and responsibilities regardless of the
kind of work the police officer does. It is no secret that the police organization, because of some of their
communications published in the daily newspapers, has been the object of ridicule. The following, which
was copied from a police blotter, indeed shows that the PNP, as well as other law enforcement agencies,
needs to improve in its report writing:

“The victim saw that the suspect drew bladed weapon from his waste and was about to
stabbed her boyfriend, but she fulled him to elude the weapon. The attack was halt when
bystanders responded and pacify the suspect who runs afterwards.”

It is in this regard that the author, a former police officer, thought of taking part of trying to improve
the writing ability of police officers. He has taught Police Correspondence and Police Report Writing in
the police training school, and has seen that some police officers could barely construct police reports.
The truth is, because of the increasing use of electronic gadgets, most police officers, just like other
people, tend to communicate in sheer disregard of the rules of grammar and correct usage, spelling,
capitalizations, and the use of punctuations and numbers. In addition, the habit of reading is scarcely
seen, and this has led to poor understanding of the English language and poor writing skill.

Thus, this humble work contains the characteristics of good police reports, and a review of the
kinds of speech with emphasis on the subject-verb agreement which are very important to neophyte
writers. It also included the proper use of punctuations in the hope that in the later, when the students will
be writing police reports using the memorandum, civilian business letter and radiographic communications
formats, the students could be able to write better sentences. Finally, the later part of this book includes
some of the reports that are prepared by the police investigators. These reports could guide students
in preparing all necessary documents to be compiled in a case folder that is needed for the filing of the
case with the Prosecutor’s office. In addition, the exemplars presented could guide the students in writing
Investigation Reports of different crimes, aside from properly making or filling out some forms of police
correspondence.

Most criminology students have thought of becoming law enforcers later, and the four-cornered
classroom is one good venue to train and prepare them for the job ahead. Hopefully, by the time they
will have been police officers, they will no longer fear, as some police officers do, to be assigned with the
office because they have the self confidence as a result of their training when they were with the college
of criminal justice education. Police report writing may be hard, as others choose to believe, but with the
right preparation, it will appear very easy.

The author gratefully acknowledges the Almighty God, our creator, who, under His grace this
work was made possible, to the authors cited in this book, and especially his wife Veronica and children
Feverson, Rhapsody, Kristofer and Lovely Mae for their unfailing support that provided the author
inspiration and strength. Also, thanks are due to the pastors, leaders and members of the New Life, Lamut;
deans Dr. Mario Garcia, Dr. Janice Paras Milo and Dr. Marlon Wankey; the dean and faculty members
of the College of Criminal Justice Education, University of the Cordilleras; and to the training staff of the
Cordillera Administrative Region Training Center, Teachers’ Camp, Baguio City and the Regional Training
Center 1, Aringay, La Union, as well as the Regional Training Center 2, Minante 1, Cauayan, Isabela.

FERNANDO BUYUCCAN PADDUYAO

Hingyon, Ifugao, Philippines
March 2020

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface i

Chapter I: The Characteristics of Good Police Reports 1

a. Clarity 1
b. Accuracy 3
c. Brevity 5
d. Specificity 7
e. Timeliness, Security, Impartiality, & Completeness 7

Chapter II: The 5 Ws and 1H of Police Reports 9

a. Who 9
b. What 9
c. Where 10
d. When 10
e. Why 11
f. How 11

Chapter III: Parts of Speech 15

a. Noun 15
b. Pronoun 17
c. Verb 20
a. Subject-Verb Agreement 24
d. Adjective 29
e. Adverb 30
f. Preposition 31

Chapter IV: Punctuations 35

a. Colon 35
b. Semicolon 35
c. Comma 36
d. Hyphen 37
e. Apostrophe 39
f. Quotation Marks 39
g. Parenthesis 39
h. Bracket, & Dash 40
i. Ellipsis Points 40

Chapter V: The Use of Abbreviation, Capitalization, and Numbers 43

a. Abbreviations 43
b. Capitalizations 43
c. Numbers 44

Chapter VI: Visual Aids 47

a. Table 47
b. Line Graph 48
c. Bar Graph 49
d. Pie Chart 50
e. Flow Chart 50

ii
 f. Decision Chart 51
g. Gantt Chart 51
h. Layout, Photograph, Drawing, & Exploded View 52
i. Detail Drawing 53

Chapter VII: Color 55

a. Effects Produced by Color Relationship 55
b. How Color Can Be Used in Documents 55

Chapter VIII: Memorandum 61

a. Parts 61
b. Examples of Memorandums 63

Chapter IX: Civilian Business Letter 79

a. Parts 79
b. Examples of civilian business letter 81

Chapter X: Radiographic Communication 91

a. Examples of a Radiographic Communication 91

Chapter XI: Police Reports 101

a. Classification of Police Reports 101
b. Categories of Police Reports 101
c. Types of Police Reports 102

Chapter XII: Writing Clear, Appropriate Sentences 103

a. Rules 103

Chapter XIII: Reports Prepared by Police Investigators 109

a. Police Blotter 109
b. Examples of Spot Report 115
c. Examples of Progress Report 116
d. Examples of Final Report 117
e. Affidavit of Arrest 118
f. Question-and-answer Sworn Statement 120
g. Complaint Sheet 128
h. Criminal Complaint 130
i. Affidavit-Complaint 131
j. Information 132
k. Dying Declaration 133
l. Endorsement 135
m. Investigation Report 139
n. Traffic Accident Investigation Report 147
o. Investigation Report of an Administrative Case 151
p. Police Operational Plan 155
q. Coordination Form 166
r. Return of Warrant of Arrest 167
s. Sinumpaang Salaysay 168
t. Request for Preliminary Investigation 170
u. Application for Search Warrant 171
v. Joint Affidavit (for a Search Warrant) 172

iii
 w. Deposition of Witnesses (for a Search Warrant) 173
x. Receipt for Property Seized 174
y. Certification of Orderly Search 175
z. Compliance/Return of Search Warrant 176
aa. Verification 177
ab. Booking Sheet and Arrest Report 178

Other Reports
a. After Beat Patrol Report 180
b. Checklist for the Initial Action of the First Responder 181
c. Checklist for Homicide, Murder & Physical Injuries 182
d. Checklist for Robbery and Theft 184
e. Checklist for Vehicular Traffic Accident 185
f. Nationwide Uniform Crime Reporting System 187

Definition of Terms
a. Some Important Terms as Used in the PNP 190

References 194

iv
 “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom; all who follow his precepts have good
understanding. To him belongs eternal praise.”

Psalm 111:10 (NIV)

“Fear God and keep His commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. For God will bring
every deed into judgment, including every hidden thing, whether it is good or evil.”

Eccl 12: 13b-14 (NIV)

v
 Chapter I
Characteristics of Good Police Reports

A police report is a chronological account of an incident that happened at any given time and
place. It could also be defined as an account of an investigation, or an official statement of facts. The
following are the characteristics of police reports:

1. Clarity – the writer is duty-bound to serve his readers by letting them understand easily what he
is trying to get across. If the writer is misunderstood, he expects to receive a different response or
answer: hence, he has to use clear and appropriate words.

Rules:

a. Avoid impressive expressions

Big Words Simple Words

Ennui - boredom, restlessness
Seminal - original, creative, of the semen
Officious - meddlesome
Paragon - ideal
Détente - ceasefire
Bathos - sentimentality
Convalesce - heal
Caveat - warning, explanation
Anodyne - harmless
Louche - shameful, unrespectable
Fiat - decree, directive, (diktat, ukase)
Perennial - lasting
Hegira - exodus
Chutzpah - nerve, temerity, gall, boldness
Puke - vomit
Kaput - dead, done, doomed, finished
Tocsin - warning
Farrago - assortment
Calumny - smear
Mercurial - unpredictable
Demotic - popular, common
Tumid - swollen, bloated, overinflated
Ululate - wail, howl

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 1

 b. Avoid an unwitting language transfer
Ex. Kumain tayo sa labas. Wrong: Let’s eat outside.
Correct: Let’s eat out.
Fortnightly - every two weeks
Score/s - 20 years

c. Avoid illiteracy – misuse of the English word

Advise their a a
Advice there an the

A man robbed the bank. (generic – the robber is identified only as a man)

The man robbed the bank. (specific – the robber could be identified by name or could be
identified if face to face with the witness)

appraise house agree with bring up

apprise home agree to bring about

Continual all ready assent buy off

Continuous already ascent buy from

forbear its call up call on

forebear it’s call off call in

talk to pick out tear down keep out (of)

talk with pick up tear up keep up (with)

pass away look after put out take off

pass out look into put off take over
passby look out (for) put on take in
give back look up put back take on
give up look over put up with take back
turn in turn down turn against turn off
turn on turn out turn over turn up
Assure (promise)
Ensure (make an outcome inevitable)
Insure (provide insurance)
adhere to = stick to but not attend to

2 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 2. Accuracy –police communications should conform exactly to the truth or to a standard. They
should be without error, precise, exact, and correct. Accuracy has something to do on how the
sentences in the paragraphs are written.

Rules:

a. Avoid putting a period to end your sentence if the thought is incomplete.

Examples:
a) On or about 3:15 o’clock in the afternoon on March 30, 2020 inside Room S602,
University of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Rd., Baguio City, Juan Tamad y Talaga, 21
years old, married, an instructor at the University of Baguio, Baguio City, together with
Primitiva “Tibatiba” Pedro and Ben Tuma y Tumbling, two of his criminology students.
Primo Pepito, the witness, said that…
Take note, a period should not be placed after the word students because the set
of words before it is a phrase that does not relay a complete idea. The comma should be
placed instead of the period.
b) When love is new and the world is now reaching for you. You try . . .
Again, a period should not be placed after the word you because the set of words
before it is a dependent clause that does not relay a complete thought.

b. Avoid starting your sentence with a coordinating conjunction (but, and, nor, or, for, so, yet).
Take note in the following examples where the periods are placed.

a) Armed with a warrant of arrest, PEMS Juan Tamad, the police investigator, went to
the house of the suspect. But he did not find any person inside the house. (wrong)
b) Armed with a warrant of arrest, PEMS Juan Tamad, the police investigator, went to the
house of the suspect, but he did not find any person inside the house. (correct)
c) As a lady police officer, arresting violent people is dangerous. And very challenging.
(wrong)
d) As a lady police officer, arresting violent people is dangerous and very challenging.
(correct)

c. The subject and the predicate of the sentence should agree with each other.

Examples:

a) Every day, the chief of police go to the police station with two of his trusted police
officers. (wrong)
b) Every day, the chief of police goes to the police station with two of his trusted police
officers. (correct)
c) The subordinates, together with their immediate supervisor, always submits their after-
activity report on time. (wrong)
d) The subordinates, together with their immediate supervisor, always submit their after-
activity report on time. (correct)

d. Use the correct tense of the verb. Take note of the verbs in the following example.

a) Last year, Pat Don Juan asked the help of PCOL PEPE PEPITO and stayed at the
training center to finished his leadership training, so that he can applied for promotion.
(wrong)

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 3

 b) Last year, Pat Don Juan asked the help of PCOL PEPE PEPITO and stayed at the
training center to finish his leadership training, so that he can apply for promotion.
(correct)
The correct tense of the verb and the correct past tense or past participle of a verb
should be used. Take note that the verb after a modal (like can) or the infinitive to should
be in the present tense without –s.

e. Avoid Shift in voice within a sentence. Take note of the following examples.

a) The arresting officers arrested the suspect at the crime scene (active), and he is
informed of his constitutional rights. (passive) (wrong)
b) The arresting officers arrested the suspect at the crime scene, and informed him of his
constitutional rights. (correct)
c) Miss Paga eats bananas. (active)
d) The bananas are eaten by Miss Paga. (passive)

f. Avoid dangling modifiers. A dangling modifier is one that has nothing to modify because
what is ought to modify is not clearly stated in the context. Take note of the following
examples.

a) While taking the statement of the suspect, the light switched off. (wrong)
b) While taking the statement of the suspect, PCpl Pepita Edong switched off the light.
c) To hit bull’s eye in a firing competition, a caliber .38 pistol should be used. (wrong)
d) To hit bull’s eye in a firing competition, Pat Pepito must use a caliber .38 pistol. (correct)
e) Going directly to the crime scene as ordered by the chief of police, the suspect has
escaped. (wrong)
f) Going directly to the crime scene as ordered by the chief of police, we found out that
the suspect has escaped.

g. Avoid shift in the tense of the verb. In police technical report writing, consistency in the
tense of the verb used is also very important.

a) The chief of police was instructing his subordinates of what to do, and he is asked by
some patrolmen to be more considerate. (wrong)
b) The chief of police was instructing his subordinates of what to do, and he was asked
by some patrolmen to be more considerate. (correct)
h. Avoid shift in person.

a) Pat Juan Tamad will attend the seminar if his wife will allow him. (wrong)
b) Pat Juan Tamad will attend the seminar if he will be allowed by his wife. (correct)
c) When you are investigating wanted persons, one should be very careful. (wrong)
d) When you are investigating wanted persons, you should be very careful.
Take note, you is in the second person and one is in the third person.

i. Maintain the antecedent-pronoun agreement.

a) The provincial director likes to play with his dog when they are newly bathed. (wrong)
b) The provincial director likes to play with his dog when it is newly bathed. (correct)

4 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 c) Pepita told his husband to eat bananas. (wrong)
d) Juan, the instructor of eighty-seven CCJE students, conducts his class under the
banana tree. (correct)

j. Use the exact or appropriate word that serves your purpose. Take note of the following:

Sin - violation of religious law

Vice - habitual degrading or corrupting behavior
Crime - violation of man’s law
Felony - punishable by the RPC
Offense - punishable by special laws
Misdemeanor - punishable by ordinances

k. Use numbers properly. In general technical report writing, single numbers are written in
words and for double numbers from 10 and above, the numbers are written instead of the
words. In police technical report writing, however, the practice of writing the number in
words first then putting the number in open-close parenthesis makes it more accurate.

a) 10 police officers escaped from the ambush this morning. (wrong)

b) Ten (10) police officers escaped from the ambush this morning. (correct)

l. The ranks and names of police commissioned officers (from Police Lieutenant to Police
General) are all capitalized. For police non-commissioned officers (Patrolman - Police
Executive Master Sergeant), the beginning letters of their ranks and names are capitalized.
The PNP and the military do not place a period after their middle initial.

POLICE MAJOR NANDREF B YAO Police Corporal Simplicio Pepito

POLICE COLONEL DEO N JUAN, JR. PEMS Don F Bravado

m. Use the proper punctuations. Try to remove all the punctuations in a paragraph and read
it again. There is one thing sure: you cannot understand it.

a) PEMS Pedro Penduko did not have a warrant of arrest. He arrested the suspect.
(wrong)
b) PEMS Pedro Penduko did not have a warrant of arrest; he arrested the suspect.
(correct)
c) Patrolman Maphod Peman reported for duty not in proper uniform. And he did not
bring with him his service firearm. (wrong)
d) Patrolman Maphod Peman reported for duty not in proper uniform, and he did not bring
with him his service firearm. (correct)
3. Brevity– saying much in fewer words

a. Avoid redundancies

completely eliminated protest against

controversial issue qualified expert
definite decision razed to the ground
For recreational purposes reason why
future plans Strangled to death

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 5

 general consensus totally destroyed
Joined together true facts
new recruit Past experience
whether or not each and everyone

b. Avoid padded phrases

Wordy Brief

At a period of time when when

At this present writing now
Due to the fact that for
In compliance with your request
Or pursuant to your request as requested or on request
In a number of cases some cases
In relation to toward
In the event that in case or if
In the majority of circumstances usually or sometimes
In the matter of in or on
In this time and age today
In (with) reference to about or concerning
In view of the fact that as
Notwithstanding the fact that though, although
On the part of for
Under date of on or dated
Under the prevailing circumstances as things are
Enclosed herewith is enclosed is
During the course of on

Published hereunder is the duty detail of this station covering the period from the months
of May to July 2020. (wordy)

Published is the duty detail of this station from May to July 2020. (brief)
c. Avoid unnecessary sentence openers. People nowadays are very busy. They would
like to know immediately what you would like to tell them; thus, it would be better for the
sender of any written communication to state directly what he would like to tell the reader.
The reader is very much aware that your purpose is to communicate; hence, the following
sentence openers are not necessary.

For your information …

Permit me to say …
We take the liberty of …
We are taking this opportunity …

6 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 4. Specificity – giving life to a sentence by using particulars that call up shape, texture, color and
movement. Concretize abstract words. For example, in your report you stated “Juan Tamad
stoned Culassa Petro to death.” Here, there could be many questions to be asked by the reader:
How did Juan stone Culassa?; What kind of stone?; What is the size, weight, color and texture of
the stone? Persons also, whether suspect, victim or witness, should be described to be specific.
Remember, in our country, we have people of the same names. Take note in the following example
that as you go down the ladder, you become more specific.
Example:            Resource
Material
Equipment
Weapon
Firearm
Rifle
M16

a. A person stabbed another person to death.

The statement above is not specific: the suspect and the victim are not identified, the kind
of weapon used was not specified, how the suspect attacked the victim is not shown, the
part of the body of the victim that was hit, and the number of times he was hit were not also
shown. Compare the above statement (a) to the following statement (b).
b. Juan Tamad, Jr. alias Juju, the bartender at the Jose’s Bar and Restaurant, Session Rd.,
Baguio City, and holding a double-bladed 24-inch-long Kapangan-made knife with his left
hand approached Emilio Aguinaldo, a CCJE student at the University of Baguio, Abanao
St., Baguio City, from the back and stabbed him seven (7) times on the front upper part of
his body that led to his instant death.

5. Timeliness– just like a spot report that should be submitted within twenty-four (24) hours, any
other police report should be submitted on time in order to serve its purpose. A report that could
no longer be used because it was not submitted on time is useless. In the police organization,
punctuality is very important that is why compliances to police correspondence usually have target
dates of submission.

6. Security– most police reports are either classified as Restricted, Confidential, Secret or Top
Secret. The purpose is to secure the given information from unauthorized access; hence, the
security classification of the document should be placed on top and below of the document,
and police personnel are prohibited from divulging classified information to unauthorized people
– meaning they have a lower security clearance or none at all. A PNP member with a security
clearance of Top Secret can access all classified information, but somebody with a security
clearance of Secret cannot access Top Secret information.

7. Impartiality–the report should be based on facts and not the opinions of the writer. The writer
should then be always objective and avoid bias in presenting his reports.

8. Completeness– simple reports do not need all 5 Ws and 1 H, but as much as possible, the writer
should use at least the 5 Ws and 1 H. The writer should be aware that the reader, after reading
the report should have no question hanging in his mind because all the necessary information he
needs to know are provided in the report.

Whenever a police officer decides to write a report, it very advantageous for him, especially for a
neophyte report writer, to get a piece of paper, write all five Ws and one H, and one by one answer them.
Afterward, he makes the draft and shows it to his immediate supervisor for checking before he finally
writes it into the police blotter.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 7

Mental Calisthenics

Instruction: Change the underlined phrase to make the statement correct

Example: Juan and Petra has many equipments in his farm.
Answer: have many equipemt in their
1. Juan, one of the new recruit were acquainted of the school’s rules and regulations.
2. Yesterday, the instructors, together with the dean, advice there students to go home.
3. Juana Tamad was one of the working student. But they were able to finish BS Nursing.
4. The chief, as well as the personels, know how to arrest the top most wanted person.
5. Last week, the dean pass by and appraise us to prepare for the driving lesson.
6. Neither Juan, my uncle, or her wives eat unripe bananas, apples and oranges.
7. Pepita told me that he runs the 100-meter ran from Burnham Park to Igorot Garden.
8. Jose greeted Juana, her instructors, and she was given 10 kilograms of fresh bananas.
9. When you eat bananas, one should washed it thoroughly in order to get rid of germs.
10. Did PSI Petra Juan, the most decorated policemen, arrested the suspect yesterday?
11. Prima Pedro was successful notwithstanding the fact that he come from a poor family.
12. For your information, we need resources for me to acheive our goals and objectives.

8 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Chapter II
The 5 Ws and 1H of Police Reports

1. Who? The who question identifies a person. In police communication, if we refer to one person,
then we should refer to him alone, and not to any other person. It is then very important that the
name of the person should be spelled correctly and included are his or her middle name, alias/
es, specific address, nature and place of work, and contact number. The following answers the
who question:

a. Who was the victim?

b. Who was the suspect?
c. Who were the witnesses?
d. Who saw, heard, smelled or tasted anything relevant to the crime?
e. Whom did the suspect talk to?
f. Whom did the victim talk to?
g. Who helped the suspect commit the crime?
h. Who processed the crime scene?
i. Who was the evidence custodian?
j. With whom the suspect was last seen?
k. With whom the victim was last seen?
l. Who informed the police officers about the crime?
m. Who first noticed that the bank was burning?
n. Who called the firemen to the crime scene?
o. Who accompanied the victim to the hospital for treatment?
p. Who saw the suspect hiding in an open manhole?

2. What? The weakness of some police officers is that they tend to name the specific crime that
was committed, even with just a few pieces of information they had gathered. The police officer’s
duty is just to gather all necessary data, submit the case to the Prosecutor’s Office, and the
Prosecutor’s Office will be the one to tell the police officer of what crime actually happened. In
answering the What, the police officer must see to it that he accurately names and describes all
material things relevant to the case. Just like the Who question, the writer must see to it that he
places all the characteristics of the things mentioned like shape, color, texture, size, length, width,
etc. The following answers the What question:

a. What property was stolen, lost or found?

b. What type of property was attacked?
c. What type of evidence was found at the crime scene?
d. What type of weapon used in the crime?
e. What tool or machine was used in the crime?
f. What did the suspect do after committing the crime?

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 9

 g. What defense did the victim offer after being attacked?
h. What did the witnesses observe about the crime?
i. What was done to the pieces of evidence gathered?
j. What was done to the victim?
k. What was done at the crime scene?
l. What did the suspect say during, before or after the crime?
m. What was the relationship between the victim and the suspect?
n. What was the color of the suspect’s clothes?
o. What was the victim doing when he was attacked by the suspect?
p. What word or words did the suspect tell after committing the crime?

3. Where? This question answers the geographical location of the crime scene, person, property or
evidence. The police officer must see to it that he is so specific about the location. It is not good if
he just puts that the crime happened in Baguio City because he will be asked, “where exactly in
Baguio City.” The following answers the where question:
a. Where was the crime committed?
b. Where was the piece of evidence discovered?
c. Where did the suspect hide the weapon he used?
d. Where was the victim found?
e. Where was the suspect seen during the crime?
f. Where were the tools used in the crime?
g. Where was the exit of the suspect?
h. Where was the entrance of the suspect?
i. Where did the suspect hide after committing the crime?
j. Where were the hangouts of the suspect?
k. Where was the piece of evidence stored?
l. Where did the suspect pass through?
m. Where is the place of residence of the suspect?
n. Where is the place of birth of the victim?
o. Where were the witnesses when the suspect attacked the victim?
p. Where did the suspect run to after committing the crime?

4. When? This includes the date and time the crime was committed, pieces of evidence discovered,
victim found, suspect apprehended, etc. Just like in the where question, the when must be very
specific; hence, the date should be written completely and the time indicated whether in the
morning, at noon, in the afternoon, or during nighttime. Sometimes it is not beneficial to report
writing if the writer will just place A.M. or P.M. because an unintentional mistake between A or P
makes a difference of 12 hours, and many things can happen in that span of time. The following
answers the When question:

a. When was the crime committed?

b. When was the crime discovered?
c. When was the victim found?

10 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 d. When did the victim see, hear, smell, touch, or taste something unusual?
e. When was the piece of evidence recovered?
f. When was the police informed of the crime?
g. When did the police arrive to the crime scene?
h. When did the suspect plan to commit the crime?
i. When did the victim know that he was robbed?
j. When was the crime scene cordoned?
k. When was the crime scene turned over to the SOCO
l. When was the victim last seen?
m. When was the suspect seen with the victim?
n. When was the last time the suspect was charged of an offense?
o. When did the suspect know that the police are looking for him?
p. When did the suspect apologize to the victim?
5. Why? The Why question answers the motive of the perpetrator committing the crime. It is not
enough that the police officer will just place that the motive is revenge, hatred, jealousy, material
gain or lust; he has to answer the question in such a way that the reader will exactly understand
why the suspect did the crime. The following answers the Why question:

a. Why did the suspect commit the crime?

b. Why did the suspect choose to use certain tools or weapons?
c. Why did the person report the crime to the police?
d. Why did the suspect, himself, report the crime to the police?
e. Why did the victim go the place where he was attacked?
f. Why did not the victim defend himself?
g. Why did not the victim ask help from bystanders?
h. Why did the suspect choose the place to commit the crime?
i. Why did the suspect choose the time to commit the crime?
j. Why were the witnesses hesitant to give their testimony?
k. Why were the pieces of evidence destroyed?
l. Why were the pieces of evidence absent from the crime scene?
m. Why did not the police arrive on time to the crime scene?
n. Why was there no light at the crime scene?
o. Why was there somebody at the crime scene when the crime happened?
p. Why did not the victim notice that the suspect was about to hack him?

6. How? The How question answers the manner the crime was committed. It is necessary that the
police officer should use adverbs so that the reader could imagine and understand exactly how
the crime was committed. The weakness of some police officers is that they just mention a verb
without a modifier (adverb). In addition, so that the report will be easily understood especially in a
narration, it should start from the first that happened, then the second, until he last. The following
answers the How question?

a. How did the suspect commit the crime?

b. How did the suspect go to the crime scene?

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 11

 c. How did the suspect leave the crime scene?
d. How did the witness observe the crime?
e. How did the victim know about the plan of the suspect to attack him?
f. How much money was taken from the bank?
g. How often do the suspects loiter around the pawn shop?
h. How long was the bolo that was used in the crime?
i. How much did the suspect give to witness for him not to testify in court?
j. How long did the suspects stay inside the bank before they declared the bank robbery?
k. How heavy was the stone the suspect used?
l. How dark was the room where the crime was committed?
m. How did the victim run away from the suspect?
n. How did the police know of the crime?
o. How did the suspect stab the victim?
p. How much was spent by the victim in the hospital?

12 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics on the Basic Criteria of Police Reports

Instruction: Simplify the underlined phrases

Example: He topped the examination notwithstanding the fact that she came from the province.
Answer: though he
1. Juan and Petra has sought the advise of his parents whether to marry in January.
2. PSupt Juan Tamad go to church every Sunday to hear the words of God.
3. Each and everyone have to contribute for the attainment of our goals and objectives.
4. Every morning, Culassa keep his weapon under a mango tree.
5. According to our supervisor, the modifications seems inappropriate.
6. In the majority of circumstances, pipita cry like a hundred hungry wolves.
7. Like an orangutan, the new recruit climb the mango tree every afternoon.
8. The qualified expert advice the police officer on how to testify in court.
9. She continuously acquaint his husband about being a responsible parent.
10. The 10 student insured there parents they would pass English 4.
11. The suspect, together with the witnesses, were appraised of their constitutional rights.
12. The chiefs of police does’nt like to adhere to the needs of their subordinates.
13. Pedro topped the board examination notwithstanding the fact that she was a student assistant.
14. One of the police station need equipments, so that it could effectively safeguard lives and
properties.
15. Published hereunder is the duty detail covering the period from the months of May to October
2014.
16. The husband and wife are joined together by their total commitment to each other.
17. In this time and age, people has to exert their effort in order to live in this new world.
18. In compliance to your request, he will delivered the necessary documents.
19. The investigator have commenced looking into the guilt of the three suspects in the killing incident.
20. The police officers, as well as the witness, knows the identity of a person which robbed the bank
yesterday.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 13

14 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
 Chapter III
Parts of Speech

Part of Speech Function or “Job” Example Words Example Sentences

(to) be, have, do, like, English Club is a web site. I
Verb action or state
work, sing, can, must like English Club.
pen, dog, work, music, This is my dog. He lives
Noun thing or person town, London, teacher, in my house. We live in
John London.
describes a noun or a/an, the, 2, some, good, I have two dogs. My dogs are
Adjective
pronoun big, red, well, interesting big. I like big dogs.
My dog eats quickly. When
describes a verb, quickly, silently, well,
Adverb he is very hungry, he eats
adjective or adverb badly, very, really
really quickly.
Tara is Indian. She is
Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, some
beautiful.
links a noun to another We went to school on
Preposition to, at, after, on, but
word Monday.
I like dogs and I like cats. I
joins clauses or
Conjunction and, but, when like cats and dogs. I like dogs
sentences or words
but I don’t like cats.
short exclamation,
Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How
Interjection sometimes inserted into oh!, ouch!, hi!, well
are you? Well, I don’t know.
a sentence

Some grammar sources categorize English into 9 or 10 parts of speech. In this book, we will use
the traditional categorization of 8 parts of speech, and only six of the 8 will be discussed.

Examples of other categorizations are:

• Verbs may be treated as two different parts of speech:
o Lexical Verbs (work, like, run)
o Auxiliary Verbs (be, have, must)
• Determiners may be treated as a separate part of speech, instead of being categorized under
Adjectives
Nouns

A noun tells the readers what others are talking about. A noun is a word used to name a person,
place, thing, measures of time, actions, and quantity.

A common noun refers to people, places and things. The beginning letters of common nouns are
usually not capitalized except at the beginning of sentences.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 15

 A proper noun refers to a particular person, place, or thing which always begins with capital
letters.

Uses:

Subject: My monkey eats unripe bananas.

Appositive: Juancho, my monkey, eats unripe bananas.
Predicate nominative: Juancho is my monkey. (PN follows the linking verb is) (same as the subject)
Direct object: Pedro also loves my monkey.(my monkey acts as the direct object of verb loves)
Indirect object: Culassa gave my monkey a green yellow banana. (my monkey precedes direct
object)
Objective complement: Pepito calls me a monkey. (monkey means the same thing as the direct object)
Direct address: “My monkey, please come here.”
Object of preposition: The smile of my monkey could let you forget a million problems.

Plural forms of nouns:

1. With –s supply – supplies, banana - bananas
2. With apostrophe peoples’ ideas, women’s journal, two weeks’ pay, ten yards’ length
3. Without –s ox – oxen, foot-feet, focus – foci
4. Unchanged plurals personnel, equipment, deer, fish, quail, salmon, sheep,  swine, trout, Chinese
5. Aggregate nouns – these are nouns that end in s, and are traditionally plural but are also used for
singular forms. Ex. Series, headquarters, stairs, goods, news, means
6. Foreign plurals memorandum-memorandums, formula-formulas
7. Preserved foreign plurals alumnus-alumni, diagnosis-diagnoses, appendix- appendices
8. No changes in nouns that come in pairs. Ex. Pants, binoculars, clothes,  glasses, scissors tongs
9. Add s to the base word to form the plural in both open and hyphenated form
a. Chief of police - chiefs of police
b. Brother-in-law - brothers-in-law
10. Regularized English plurals
a. Lost foreign plural
Dogma – dogmas (dogmata is the lost foreign plural)
Gymnasium – gymnasiums (gymnasia)
Opus – opuses (a number of musical composition) (opera)
Stadium – stadiums (stadia)
Status – statuses (status)
Opera – operas (plays set to music)
b. Lost foreign singular
Agenda – agendas (agendum is the lost foreign singular)
Insignia – insignias (insigne)

11. Alternate foreign/English plurals

16 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Singular Specialized Plural Non specialized Plural
Antenna Antennae Antennas
Cactus Cacti Cactuses
Curriculum Curricula Curriculums
Focus Foci Focuses
Fungus Fungi Funguses
Larva Larvae Larvas
Referendum Referenda Referendums
Vertebra Vertebrae Vertebras
Ultimatum Ultimata Ultimatums

Pronouns:

Pronouns are words that are used in place of nouns.

Uses:
1. Nominative case (I, we, you, he, she, it)

a. As subject
Simple: I will study my lessons.
Subject with appositive: We, police officers, passed the                         
NAPOLCOM   examination.
Compound subject: The suspect and she fled from the crime scene.
b. As Predicate Nominative
Simple: The lecturer will be she.
Compound: The witnesses were he and I.
With appositive: The beneficiaries were we Police Non-commissioned
Officers.

2. Objective case (me, you, him, her, it, us, and them) used as direct objects, indirect objects and
objects of preposition.
a. Direct object: Juana handcuffed the suspect.
Juana handcuffed him.
b. Indirect object: The Chief of Police gave us instructions.
Juan gave you and (I, me, mine, myself) bananas.
c. Object of preposition: Pedro runs to her every time he is in need                                            
of money.
Under the banana tree sleeps a hungry lion.
Under it sleeps a hungry lion.

3. Possessive case: Her case was filed in court by the prosecutor.

My dog curled (its, its’, it’s, each, eats) tail before it stood on one leg.
Beno usually hides under his sister’s mini skirt.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 17

Types of Pronouns:

1. Personal – used to refer to particular people, places or things

The person speaking – I, me, my, mine, we, us, or ours

The person spoken to – you, your, yours
You are determined to pass English 5. (you refers to one person)
You are all determined to pass English 5. (you refers to many persons)
The person spoken about – he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs
He doesn’t know the consequences of the foolish things he has been doing.
Their chief of police retired from the PNP organization in February 2009: he likes to teach
in the university.

2. Demonstrative ( to point out a specific person, place or thing) this, that, these, those

a. This is the reason you have to wear your police uniform properly.
b. That police officer, not the suspects, brought the victim to the hospital for treatment.
c. These monkeys love to eat this special kind of banana.
d. Those people demands that the retirement benefits of PNP pensioners should be
increased.

3. Interrogative (to begin a direct or indirect question) what, which, who, whom and whose.

a. What did you hear the suspect said to the victim?

b. Which between the two witnesses is telling the truth?
c. Who could be saved from the wrath of nature?
d. Whom do you share and entrust your difficulties in life?
e. Whose blood could wash away the sins of many people?

4. Relative ( to begin a subordinate clause and relate it to another idea in the sentence)

a. The person who ran away from the police officer was struck to death by a lightning.
b. The letters which correspond to the correct answers were not properly encircled.
c. The police officer that usually goes with his family to church is my uncle.
Who is used when the antecedent is a person.
That is used to refer to either persons or things, especially in oral         
communication.
Which is used to refer to anything except persons.

Other uses of who/whoever and whom/whomever (object)

As subject: Whoever stole my revolver will pay dearly.

Who topped the October 2007 Criminology Board Examination?
As predicate Nominative: The topnotcher is whoever with the right preparation.
Object of the verb: You do love whom. (Whom do you love?)
Object of preposition: You are talking about whom. (Whom are you talking about?)
Object of infinitive: You did hope to meet whom in heaven. (Whom did you hope to
meet in heaven?)

18 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 5. Indefinite – used to refer to persons, or things without specifying which ones.

Singular Plural Singular or plural

Another   Everything Both Few More
Everybody little Many Others Any All
Anybody much Several Most None
Anyone neither Many need to bring their Some Much
Anything nobody books. (Singular verb if
Each Everyone has his room. mass noun)
No one (Many is the antecedent (Plural verb if count
of their and both agree noun)
Nothing one in number, and so with a. All of the sugar is
Either other everyone that is the used.
antecedent of his)
Everyone somebody b. None of the men
Someone something know what to do.
Antecedent is the word that was previously
used that a particular represents. A pronoun
must agree with its antecedent in person,
number and gender.
a. If at least one of the antecedents is plural,
use the plural pronoun.
1. Either the students or their instructor did
their assignment.
b. If both antecedents are singular and refer
to the same person or thing, use singular
pronoun.
1. The photographer and sketcher did not
report to his supervisor.
c. If both antecedents are singular and refer
to different persons or things, use plural
pronoun.
1. PLT PABLO and PEMS Juan did not
receive the money offered to them by the
suspect.
d. Collective nouns are singular when acting as
a unit, and plural when acting independently.
1. The platoon has submitted its surveillance
report to the Provincial Director.
2. The team patrol their respective beats
every day.
e. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent
in person.
1. If anybody wants to be wise, he should go
with the wise.
2. If you study your lessons wisely, you will
pass.
3. If one sows hatred, he will reap destruction.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 19

 6. Reflexive(add information by pointing back to the subject) and intensive (add emphasis)

Reflexive: Primo could injure himself. Intensive: I myself need guidance.

My brother Juan and myself usually eat unripe bananas. (wrong)
My brother Juan and I usually eat unripe bananas. (correct)
They invited members of the club and ourselves to join them during Sundays. (wrong)
They invited members of the club and us to join them during Sundays. (correct)
The police officers made theirselves like crazy clowns during the Panagbenga Festival. (wrong)
The police officers made themselves like crazy clowns during the Panagbenga Festival. (correct)

Verb

1. Action verbs

a. Physical action – talk, laugh, arrest

PLT JUAN arrested the suspect yesterday at Session Rd., Baguio      City.
b. Mental action – think, consider, hope
I hope to be with Jesus Christ after the end of this world.

2. Linking verbs, Be-verbs or Helping verbs (am, was, is, are, were, being, has been). Verbs
relating to all five senses of the body are also classified as linking verbs. (taste, feel, smell, seem,
remain, stay, grow, become, look, sound). Included as helping verbs are the modals: can,
will, could, would, shall, should, might, must. These are used to show ability, determination,
possibility, intention, obligation or compulsion.
Ex. She (am, is, are, was, were, being, has been) deployed with the United Nations Mission in
East Timor.
I could (eats, eat, ate, eating, eaten) unripe bananas.

3. Phrasal verbs
Call off - cancel come about - happen
Call on - visit come across - find something by chance
Call up - telephone someone come up - go up
Call for - come get someone come in - enter
Look after - take care of someone give in - surrender
Look into - investigate something give out - distribute
Give away - offer for free break up - separate
Break into - enter by force     break out - start to happen
Break down - stop

POLICE COLONEL PENOY passed (out, away, by) a while ago.

Noun with S - - - plural These pupils go to school every day.
Noun without S - - Singular This pupil goes to school every morning.
Verb with S – Singular That banana tastes sweetly.
Verb without S – Plural Those bananas taste sweetly.

Take note: A plural noun takes a plural verb and a singular noun takes a singular verb.

20 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Verb Tense– indicates the time when the action or condition occurred.

Basic Progressive
Pre Past Future Present Past Future Present Past Future Presnt Past Future
sent Perfect Perfect Perfect Prog Prog Prog perfect perfect perfect
Progrsv Progr Progr
Do or does Has/ Had Will/ Am/is/are Was/ Will/ Has/ Had Will/
done doing been
Did Have shall Were shall be Have doing shall
done have doing been have
Will do or shall do done Doing doing been
doing

Form/Classification Voice Mood

Regular Irregular Transitive Intransitive Active Passive Indicative Imperative Subjunctive
Hope Eat I eat nuts. Pepe cried Subject Subject Used for Used for Used to
Hoped Ate (has object) incessantly as the as the statement & command or express ideas
doer receiver question request contrary to
Hoped Eaten
(no object) facts.

Indicative: Juan Tamad stole John’s laptop last night. (statement)

Did Juan pass the Board examination last October 2007? (question)
Did Petra, one of the CCJE students, ate the bananas given by the visitors? ( what is
wrong in this sentence?)
Were the bananas given by the visitors (eat, ate, eaten, eating,       eated) by Petra?

Imperative: Pass your papers. (command)

Kindly help the victims of Yolanda. (request)

Active Voice is the better form to use either in speaking or writing.

a. Juana eats unripe bananas.
b. Lovely plays the lead guitar every Sunday.

Passive Voice can be used when what was done is more important than the doer  of the action.
a. The unripe bananas are consumed.
b. The winning goal was scored by Ifugao Province.

Subjunctive. Rule: Verbs in the that clause are in the base form even if the subject in the clause is in
the third person singular.

Suggestion: I suggest he eat apples. (not eats)

She proposes that the canteen be repaired.
Command: I insist that he listen to me. (not listens)
I order that he be present tomorrow.
Wish: she wishes she were Queen Delilah. (not was)
She wishes she were a police officer.
Condition: Juan acted as though he were a police officer. (not was)
He talks as if he were a politician. (not was)

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 21

Simple Present tense – encompasses the past, present and future.
a. I eat ripe bananas every morning.
b. You know what to do to become a police officer.
c. She wants to join the organization, so that she will have a chance to visit other foreign places.
d. They travel to different police stations to check the police officers.
e. The police recruits jog every morning at the Burnham Park.
f. Chief of Police Juan Tamad inspects his subordinates to see whether they are in properly
prepared for the performance of their duties.

Simple Past tense – indicates that an action terminated in the past.

a. The police officer arrested the suspect an hour ago.

Simple Future tense – used to express an action or condition that will occur. Use the auxiliary verbs
shall (for the first person) or will (for the second and third person) with the present tense form of the verb.
a. I shall go to New York, Cubao, Quezon City tomorrow.
b. You will see how the PS Field Training Program is conducted.
c. Pepita will enroll next month.

Present Progressive tense: (am/is/are + -ing)

1. To express a temporary event that has a beginning and an end.
a. I am working as an instructor with the university.
2. To signal future time if accompanied by future time expression.
a. The officer is arresting the suspect tomorrow.
3. To emphasize the progression of one event
a. He is expecting to enroll at the University of the Cordilleras.
4. Used in general statement to add a feeling of present action in progress
a. Many Filipinos are watching television every night.

Past Progressive Tense (was/were + -ing)

1. To emphasize the duration of one past event that has a possible beginning and an ending.
a. When I arrived at the hospital, the victim was being admitted by the attending physician.
2. It is required for a past action in progress which is interrupted by another past action.
a. The police officer was eating inside a restaurant when the suspect passed by.
3. It is used for one or both past action in progress
a. PMSg Juan was sketching the crime scene while Pat Pedro was taking photographs.
b. PMSg Juan was sketching the crime scene while Pat Pedro took photographs.
Future Progressive Tense (will/shall + be + -ing) or (be + -ing + to)

a. Will you be writing the memorandum for the Chief of Police?

b. Take heed; you are going to fail English 4.
c. She is going to get married to her instructor.
d. The investigator will be questioning the suspect about his participation in the crime.

22 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Simple Perfect Tense:
1. Present Perfect Tense(have/has + past participle) is used to denote an action that is completed
at the time of speaking or writing. It is also used for the duration of an action that began in the
past and continued to the present and with words like: always, sometimes, usually, often, seldom,
never, ever, so far, since, during, over, for, not yet, lately, finally, already, recently, lately, this
morning, up to now, up to the present.
a. You have already seen enough of the bloody encounter to form an opinion.
b. Their participation has not yet destroyed the dream of hopeful parents.
c. The money has finally arrived.
d. I have lived in Baguio City for seven years.

2. Past perfect tense (had + past participle) tells of an action completed before another action
(usually expressed in the simple past tense) takes over. This is often associated with conjunctive
adverbs like: when, before, after, once, while, as soon as, until, etc.
a. He had apprehended the suspect when he was given the chance.
b. He had elevated the case to the Central Office after the regional unit decided on it.
c. I had planned to call up the police but I changed my mind.

3. Future Perfect Tense(will/shall have + past participle) tells of the termination of an action
definitely in the future. The prepositions “by, by the time, on, at, when, before” maybe used.
a. The suspect shall have resisted arrest by tomorrow.
b. By the time the investigator reaches the crime scene, the bomb shall have exploded.
c. When he retires from the PNP, he will have received almost two million pesos.
d. On July 1, 2020, he will have been 36 years in the PNP service.
I go to Manila by tomorrow. (wrong)
I will have gone to Manila by tomorrow. (correct)
e. The chiefs of police will have submitted their annual accomplishment reports by December
2020.

Perfect Progressive Tense:

1. Present Perfect Progressive Tense (has/have + been + -ing)
Uses:
a. Stresses a single past-to-present action that has a beginning and an end. However, it suggests
the middle of an event. It denotes that the verb is continuing into the present. It does not
occur with words like just, ever, never and finally.
(a) The police officer has been patrolling for over twelve (12) hours.
b. It could also be used for repeated events
(b) They have been investigating crimes against person every day.

2. Past Perfect Progressive Tense (had + been + -ing)

a. Stresses the duration of one past event taking place before another past event
(a) The witnesses had been waiting for eight hours before they were told that the court
hearing was postponed.
b. Emphasizes that one event is completed before another.
(a) The officer had been planning to arrest the suspect when he unexpectedly     surrendered.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 23

 3. Future Perfect Progressive Tense (will/shall have + been + -ing) It stresses duration of an
event in the future that takes place before another future event.
a. The officer will have been patrolling Session Road before the City Mayor gets there.

Consistency in the verb tense. If you start out with a verb in a particular tense, you should not change
to a verb in another tense.
a. The police officer arrested the suspect and inform him of his constitutional rights. (wrong)
b. The police officer arrested the suspect and informed him of his constitutional rights. (correct)

Take note:
1. The words arrested and informed should be both in the past tense.
2. When you use the conjunction and, the word on the left (arrested) and the word on the
right (informed) should be the same.

Subject-verb agreement

1. The pronouns I, you, we and they are tied up with the verb not ending in –s.
a. I say to you that one of you will betray me.
b. What do you want me to do for you?
c. They, themselves, know that they are restricted to camp.

2. He, she, it, and their noun equivalents are tied up with the verb in the –s form.
a. He tucks on his waist a double-bladed knife every time he leaves his house.
b. He does not know how to build a house for his family.
c. Being scared unbalances the suspect.
d. To undergo cadetship is a great sacrifice.
e. Whoever can overcome this worsening crisis deserves praises.

3. Function nouns like each, anybody, nobody, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, and no
one are tied up with a verb in the –s form.
a. Nobody seems to attend to this particular problem.
b. Each struggles to pass English 4.
c. Somebody has to do something to improve how the training is conducted.
4. The pronouns any, none, all, and some require singular verbs when referring to mass nouns;
plural, when count nouns.
a. None of the applicants want to be assigned with the Special Action Force.
b. Some of the sugar was given to the victims of typhoon Yolanda.

5. Words like pants, pliers, glasses, scissors, and tongs are plural and take a plural verb. When the
word pair is used as the subject, the subject is regarded as singular and takes a singular verb.
a. These glasses are mine.
b. A pair of scissors costs five pesos.
c. My new scissors cost five pesos.

24 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

6. A plural noun that shows weight, extent, or quantity is singular, and takes a singular verb.
a. Two million pesos is the cost of that car.
b. Twenty kilometers is too long to jog.
c. Four (4) gallons was used from the province to Baguio City.

7. The name of a firm or product is often regarded as singular even if it ends in s.

a. Adidas is the No. 1 footwear in the world today.
b. Beards, a company making razor blades, has donated to the victims of typhoon Yolanda.

8. Fractions and percentage require singular verbs when referring to mass nouns; plural, when
count nouns.
a. Twenty percent of the personnel want to go on leave.
b. Two thirds of the rice was consumed.

9. A collective noun (faculty, army, company, team) is either taken singularly or plurally, depending
on its use in context
a. The team argue over their allowances. (plurally)
b. The team knows the result of the examination. (singularly)

10. The verb ties up with the affirmative subject, not with the negative one.
a. These policies, not that, are acceptable.
b. This policy, not those, is acceptable.
c. You, not I, are liable.
d. I, not you, am liable.

11. Two or more subjects joined by “and” usually tie up with the verb not ending in –s.
a. The confidence and loyalty of the personnel are quite discouraging.
b. The secretary and receptionist is pretty. (the subject refers to the same person)
c. Ham and egg sells like pandesal in some cities. (ham and egg forms a single unit)

12. For two or more subjects joined by “either-or” and “neither-nor”, the verb should agree with the
nearer subject.
a. Neither the officers nor the suspect knows what to do.
b. Either the instructor or his students learn English grammar and correct usage.

13. The verb agrees with the head noun and not with an object of preposition.
a. On his table his personal things in the attaché case remain untouched.
b. One of the politicians mobbed at the airport comes from Baguio City. (The words
politicians, airport, and Baguio City, though they are nouns, could not be used as subject
of the sentence because they are objects of the prepositions of, at, and from respectively)

14. The number -use the verb ending in –s. A number – use the verb not ending in –s.
a. The number of employees wants to resign from the service.
b. A number of officers eat bananas.
c. The number of recruits from the Cordillera Administrative Region Training Center jogs
along Session Road.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 25

 15. The formal subjects “There or Here” does not determine agreement with the verb; the real subject
does.
a. There go my precious possessions.
b. Here come the bride and the groom with their good-looking parents.
c. Here comes the bride and groom with their good-looking parents.
d. There lies the problem.

16. For the relative pronoun who, which, or that, the verb after it and the noun before it agree with
each other.
a. The father who punishes his children so heavily is probably insane.
b. He cuts the tree that bears no fruit.
c. The two (2) male police recruits who know the correct answers come from Hingyon,
Ifugao.

17. Modals (those combined with the base form of verbs to make verb phrases like shall, should,
will, would, can, could, might, had better, ought to, may, must plus the infinitive ‘to”) are
followed by verbs without –s, -ing, or –ed.
a. The tax collectors and prostitutes will get into the kingdom of God before you.
b. I was thirsty, and you gave me nothing to drink.
c. He can jail him if necessary. (physical ability)
d. He said he could do it. (possibility in the past)
e. Could your personnel attend to this now? (polite request)
f. He will patrol his beat tomorrow. (intention)
g. He will gladly comply with the requirements. ( willingness)
h. He would not violate ordinances if given the chance to live in peace. (conditional)
i. We assured him he would arrest the suspect due to the cooperation of the people. (future
in the past tense)
j. I shall be here next week. (simple futurity)
k. The hostile witness may ruin the merits of the case. (possibility)
l. You should often patrol the areas where crimes are committed. (suggestion)
m. I might attend if you let me. (permission)
n. You must reconnoiter the area before infiltrating. (suggestion)
o. I need not gather additional evidence for his conviction. (self-assurance)
p. Mr. Laza ought to master English grammar and correct usage so that he can pass English
4.
q. What did Collasa, the number one most wanted person in the Cordillera Administrative
Region, (Told, Tell, Tells, Telling) the investigator when she was arrested?

What did Juan Tamad (the number one among the top most wanted persons in the Cordilleras
who killed five hundred twenty-nine police officers) said when he was arrested yesterday at
Burnham Park? (What is wrong in this sentence?)

18. Intervening words do not affect the S-V agreement (with, plus, beside, together with, in addition
to, aside from and prepositional phrases).
a. The professor, together with his students, knows exactly the time.

26 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 b. The behavior of most students now is quite alarming.
c. Finishing a baccalaureate degree, aside from undergoing the mandatory training, has
been the priority of most police officers.

19. Inverted sentence. Rule: revert to natural order.

a. Beside the mango trees stands Juan Tamad, the number 1 most wanted person.
b. Juan Tamad, the number 1 among the top most wanted persons, stands beside the
mango trees.

20. Some nouns are plural in form, but singular in meaning like: mumps, measles, news, physics,
mathematics, etc.
a. Mathematics poses a great challenge to criminology students. (poses– singular)
b. The news about our university topping the Criminology Board Examination is no longer
new.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 27

Mental Calisthenics on Subject-Verb Agreement:

Instruction: Write the number that makes each statement incorrect. Write the necessary correction
Ex. Juan, together with the boys, were eating bananas. Answer: 3 = was
1 2 3 4

1. A number of candidate for graduation increases every school year.

1 2 3 4

2. None of the chairs inside the room needs to be transferred to the stock room.
       1 2 3 4

3. Herman, the 200-pound gentleman from Ifugao, may device a way of passing.
1 2 3 4

4. Inside the room Juana’s Apple laptops on top of a steel cabinets remains intact.
1 2 3 4
5. Ninety percent of the chair were use by Mr. Juan Tamad, Jr., our instructor.                  
1 2 3 4

6. Nobody, including the group of extremely noisy student, want to go home early.
1 2                              3 4

7. This smallest fish, not those, are founded in the southern part of the country.
1 2 3 4
I, not you, ____ liable.

8. Either the monkeys nor the bear eat bananas, apples and guavas every day.
1 2 3 4

9. The boys decorates theirselves with papers during the competition yesterday.
1 2 3 4

10. Bread and batter need to be sufficiently provided by the father to his family.
1 2 3 4

11. The father of two pairs of twin, rans to school everyday to attend his class.
    1 2 3 4

12. The male instructors met by a hundred cheering student come from Banaue.
1 2 3 4

13. Choose the man which stand like the cadets of the Military Academy.
         1 2 3 4

14. There go the receptionist and secretary in his usual very attractive attire.
1 2 3 4

15. Juan seek the help of her instructress about English grammar yesterday.
               1 2 3 4
28 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
Petra told his husband to eat bananas. (wrong)
a. Petra and (me, I, mine, myself) want bananas.
b. (I, Me, Mine, Myself) and (she, her, herself) eat bananas.
Personal pronouns
I – we
You – you
He, she, it - they
c. The recruits made (theirselves, themselves) like crazy clowns during the party.
d. One of the (student, students) eats unripe bananas.

Adjective – describes a noun or a pronoun. It adds life and color to your sentences. It answers the
questions which one, what kind, how many, how much or whose.

1. Noun as adjective.
a. The magazine article about our college musical was posted on the bulletin board.

2. Possessive, demonstrative and indefinite pronouns as adjectives when they come before
nouns.
a. Here is your handcuff. (whose handcuff?)
b. Culassa’s car was bumped by a bicycle a while ago.
c. This game is exciting.

d. Please give me another paper.

3. Proper nouns as adjectives. They begin with capital letters.

a. Criminology students hardly understand the Pythagorean theory.
b. The Igorot woman usually does not look directly into men’s eyes.

4. Participles (verb forms that are not used as verbs) as adjectives.

a. The passerby with a broken arm discovered yesterday a mutilated body.
b. The dying person was apprised of his constitutional rights.

5. Prepositional phrases that describe nouns function as adjective.

a. PEMS Juan has arrested the criminal with a million pesos on his head.
b. That police officer in bull cap is my uncle.

c. Informing suspects of their constitutional rights is of great value.

6. The articles The, A, and An are also adjectives. “The” is used with a specific noun while “A” or
“An” is used with a nonspecific noun.
a. The police officer has arrested the suspect at the crime scene. (the speaker knows the
officer)
b. A house in the Central Business District was robbed by the Sine gang last night. (indefinite)

7. Farther refers to distance while further refers to remoteness in time, to a certain extent, or
quantity. Further is also used to express the idea of something more.
a. Our police station is farther than the market.
b. The Chief of Police has given further instructions to his personnel before they were
deployed.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 29

 8. Some adjectives have the form as the adverb. They are identified by how they are used in the
sentence.
a. The Provincial Director has committed a cowardly act.
b. The deadly snake eats fruits and vegetables.

Adverb – describe a verb, an adjective or another adverb. It answers the questions where, when, how,
how often and to what extent.

1. Adverb modifying a verb.

a. Culassa went down. (where)
b. The husband and wife always quarrel. (how often)
c. She will enroll tomorrow. (when)
d. The investigator spoke arrogantly. (how)
e. That was a very good performance. (to what extent)

2. Adverb modifying an adjective.

a. He had an extremely painful experience.
b. Passing the criminology board examination is very easy.

3. Adverb modifying another adverb.

a. The officer patrolled his beat very carefully.
b. She dances so gracefully.

4. Prepositional phrases as adverbs (adverb prepositional phrase)

a. At Burnham Park, you can ride in swan-shaped boats. (where)
b. My dog jumped over the stone walls. (where)
c. The boarding house was robbed at midnight. (when)
d. She studies the Word of God through her cell phone. (how)
e. Juan is angry with you. (modifying adjective)
f. The investigator dug deeply into the experiences of the witness. (modifying adverb)

Adjective and adverb Usage (Degrees of Comparison)

1. Positive Degree – used to compare two equal things or persons
Adjective Adverb
He is as handsome as his brother. He sings as badly as Jose.

2. Comparative degree – use d to compare two unequal things or persons.

He is more handsome than his brother. Juan sings more beautifully than Jose.
His night stick is longer than a softball bat. He plays guitar worse than Felipe.
The work is less cumbersome than before. She talks less rapidly than a radio announcer
Cumbersome – less cumbersome – least cumbersome
Bad – worse – worst
Good – better – best

30 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 3. Superlative degree – used to compare three or more things or persons.
He is the most handsome among the boys. He plays worst among the five pianists.
My bat is the longest of all baseball bats. She dances most beautifully in her outfit.
Of all work, this is the least cumbersome. Among the ten speakers, she talks least fluently.

4. The following adjectives and adverbs are not compared.

Adjectives Adverbs
Perfect Square Before Past
Single Fatal Never Back
Vertical Alone Now Here
Final Round There Not
Straight Everlasting Very Then
Unique Universal By Too
Supreme Empty Ever Yes
Full Dead No Whenever
Mortal Deadly So
Blind Wrong Thus

Preposition is a word that is placed before a noun or pronoun that shows the relationship that exists
between the noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence.

1. Around means encircling. About often means approximately.

a. The investigator-on-case walked around the crime scene to search for physical evidence.
b. The crime happened on or about 2:00 o’clock in the morning on June 10, 2014.

2. Use toward, not towards.

a. The criminal ran as fast as he could toward Harrison Rd., Baguio City.

3. One agrees to a proposal, but one agrees with a person.

a. She agreed to his suggestion for them to wait for seven more years.
b. She agreed with Pedro that they will eat at the canteen.

4. Beside means by the side of. Besides means in addition to.

a. Can I sit beside you, Miss Pedro?
b. There were many police officers besides Pat Kulas in the room.

5. Between is used when referring to two. Among is used when referring to three or more.
a. The soldiers tore Jesus garments and divided it among themselves.
b. Between John and Juan, Juan is more studious.

6. One differs with person in the matter of opinion, but one differs from another in certain aspects.
a. I differ with you on how we should treat our parents.
b. A cat differs from a horse in many ways.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 31

 7. The preposition In indicates location or motion within a place. Into indicates motion toward the
inside from the outside.
a. She resides in Baguio City.
b. The criminal jumped into a manhole.

8. Over expresses the idea of place. More than expresses the idea of quantity.
a. The room could contain over 500 people. (wrong)
b. The fleeing criminal hurdles over the bamboo fence. (correct)
c. The 23-year-old police officer weighs more than 200 kilograms. (correct)

9. Do not say in regards to, with regards to, or as regards to. The correct expressions are in
regard to and with regard to.
a. In regard to your instruction, we will send Pat Juan for schooling.
b. With regard to the case, he is designated the officer-on-case.

Mental Calisthenics on Adjectives and Adverbs

Instruction: Identify the numbers which makes the statement wrong. Write the correct answer
Ex. The toilet at the basement are temporary closed. Ans. 4- is temporarily
                 1 2         3          4

1. Juan performs his duties more snappy between all the new police officers.
                  1 2 3 4

2. The batallion of soldier does’nt conduct operations against the jihadist.

1 2 3 4

3. He perform good in the competition he joined last Saturday in the evening.

1 2 3 4

4. Each inside the room have a more deaper understanding as to why he is born.
                    1 2 3 4

5. It mean their is a more better wiser way of accomplishing your goals.

                    1                          2 3 4

6. An spanish flag hang atop high-rise buildings in a distant foreign country.

1 2              3 4

7. The victim with broked leg was brought to the hospital for medical attention.
                                    1 2 3 4

8. PEMS Juan always speak so arogant that nobody wants to talk to her.
1 2 3 4

32 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 9. The patrolman sing as nice as John Denver, the American country music artist.
           1                    2 3 4

10. Four (4) pair of shoes was temporary issued to the recruits as they reported.
1 2 3 4

11. Juan, an Igorot, dance the Tinikling worst than Pedro Pepito, a Pangasinense.
1 2 3 4

12. Pat Juan walk very slow because her foot was injured when she was five.
1 2 3 4

13. Pedrito, the man with a million moves, sometimes play as smart as Jose Juan.
1 2 3 4

14. Their was ones a time I have to ask my men of their ideas about a problem.
    1                            2 3 4
15. She speek as fluent as P01 Tamad, her psychology instructor at the university.
1 2 3 4

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 33

34 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
 Chapter IV
Punctuations

1. Colon – an introductory device used to enumerate, explain or extend an idea already introduced.

a. Used before a list of items following an independent clause.

A tree has many parts: the leaves, branches and trunk.
b. To introduce a sentence that summarizes or explains the sentence before it.
She was absent for ten days: She went with her friend to Mindanao.
c. To introduce a formal appositive that follows an independent clause.
The police officer has one problem: jealousy.
d. Used before an announcement
Listen gentlemen: We will have no class tomorrow.
e. To introduce a formal quotation without “he said/she said” expression.
Our pastor has tried to instill into the hearts of all believers: “Be born again.”
f. For emphasis
This much I know: You have to exercise to build your muscles.
g. Special writing
Salutation - Dear Sir:
Bible references - John 14:6
Time - 10:30 o’clock
Titles - Recollection: My journey in the PNP

2. Semicolon – it connects independent clauses closely related in thought and structure. It eliminates
the possibility of confusion in sentences with other internal punctuations such as commas.

a. Links two related independent clauses not joined by coordinating conjunctions (but, and, nor,
or, for, so, yet)
1. PCpl Juan Tamad has tried his best to arrest the suspect; he was not successful.
2. PCpl Juan Tamad has tried his best to arrest the suspect, but he was not successful.

b. Separates two long independent clauses that are punctuated internally by commas.
1. She has been teaching police patrol, criminal investigation, and traffic operation, but she
did not finish any related course.
2. She has been teaching police patrol, criminal investigation, and traffic operation; she did
not finish any related course.
3. Pipita has eaten bananas, apples, grapes and guavas, but she has not even seen papayas,
mangoes and jack fruits.
4. Pipita has eaten bananas, apples, grapes and guavas; she has not even seen papayas,
mangoes and jack fruits.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 35

 c. Used before words such as for example, for instance, namely, or that is which introduce an
example, enumeration, or items in a series.
1. There were five police officers present during the briefing; namely, PMAJ ODNAN, PEMS
Pablo, PEMS Pepe, Pat Kulas, and Pat Pilo.

d. Connects related independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb (hence, in  fact,
nevertheless, therefore, however, for example, on the other hand, thus)
1. PMSg Don Juan was not promoted; nevertheless, he was able to prove himself.
2. Pat Pedro, nonetheless, was able to arrest the suspect.
e. Used between items listed in a series if each of the items is followed by appositive material.
1. There are three municipalities with less number of crimes: Hingyon, Ifugao; Sablan,
Benguet; and Natonin, Mt. Province.
2. The Roll Call Training was attended by PMAJ JUAN, Chief of Police; PLT POPO, Deputy
Chief of Police; PEMS Pedro, Chief Investigator; PEMS Pepe, Warrant Officer; and Pat
Pilo, Traffic Officer.

3. Comma
a. Separate non-essential information or expression
PEMS Juan, the man with a million moves, is a committed officer.
Culassa, grinning widely from ear to ear, hugs the police officer.
Pat Pedro, who owns the best record of arrests, is a rookie officer.
The accused, accompanied by her lawyer, answered questions  from the media.

b. Used in words or phrases which interrupt the flow of a sentence.

Pat Juan, nonetheless, arrested the fleeing criminal.
I know, gentlemen and ladies, that you do a hundred pushups.

c. Separate coordinate adjectives that are equal in rank.

PEMS Pablo uses a pair of old, faded police uniform.
Every station should submit a well-planned, organized report.

d. Separate parts of dates, addresses.

The retired police officer was born on January 1, 1961.
She will visit Bakun, Benguet.

e. Use a comma to separate words or phrases that express contrast.

The police officers, not the soldiers, gained the trust of the community.

f. To separate a name from the words Inc., Sr., etc.

Juan Tamad, Jr. likes to be a police officer.

g. Use a comma to separate two sets of figures or two identical words.

Please give me 5, 1s and 9, 3s.
Where she was, was not established.

h. Mild interjection
Hey, I did not do it.

36 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

i. Before a tag question at the end of sentence
You arrested the suspect, didn’t you?

j. Set of words used in direct address

Keep quiet, ladies.

k. After the salutation of a personal letter and closing of all letters

Dear Nandref, My Everdearest One,
Yours truly, Very respectfully yours,

l. Before a conjunction to separate two independent clauses in a compound sentence.

The suspect ran as fast as he could, but he was arrested by the police officer when he fell
into a manhole.

m. Separate items in a series (words, phrases and clauses)

Words in a series - Cats, dogs, rabbits and birds are favorite pets.
Phrases  - He works as a police officer by patrolling the streets, investigating crimes and
making reports.
Clauses - During the conference, the patrolman prepared the venue, the supervisor
welcomed all participants, and the Chief of Police made the briefing.

n. Before introductory words, phrases or clauses

If you study wisely, you will top the class.
To choose the right partner, you pray and fast.

o. Commas do not set off a restrictive clause (the use of who, that, which).
I will salute the police officer who will top the Board Examination. (no comma before who)
The long-tailed dog runs after cats, which eat unripe bananas. (wrong! There should be
no comma before which)

4. Hyphen – Uses:

a. Used to form a compound word when it is an adjective or adverb placed before a noun
long-legged woman plunger-type device trouble-free process
open-mindedly half-heartedly

b. Used in a prepositional phrase used as an adjective

behind-the-back pass
under-the-table transaction
below-the-belt accusation

c. To avoid confusion by being misread

energy-producing cell eight-hour shifts
foreign-car buyers
foreign car-buyers cement-like textures
re-treat (to treat again) re-press (to press again)

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 37

 d. Compound modifiers formed from a quantity and a unit of measurement
A beam three inches wide - a three-inch-wide beam
a journey of eight miles - an eight-mile journey

e. A single capital letter and a noun or participle

A-frame I-beam T-square V-shaped

f. Numbers from 21-99 when used before a noun and fractions when they are spelled out
twenty-seven jobs three-fourths kilogram

g. Complex fractions if they cannot be typed in small numbers

1-3/16 miles

h. Adjective plus past participle

A motor vehicle that is orange in color - an orange-colored  motor vehicle
A police officer who is onion in skin - an onion-skinned police officer
i. Compounds made from half-, all-, or cross-
half-finished all-encompassing cross-country

j. Divides words at the end of a line (for typewriters) – between double consonants(typed
words that do not fit the paper margin)
Cop-per, mid-dle

k. Do not hyphenate:

–ly adverb-adjective combinations:

Recently altered system
–ly adverb plus participle (-ing, -ed):
Highly rewarding job
poorly motivating instructors
Chemical terms
Hydrogen peroxide silver nitrate
Colors
Pink orange uniform

l. Spell as one word compounds formed by the following prefixes

anti co infra non
over post pre pro
pseudo re semi sub
super supra ultra un

under mid ex self

         Exception: Use a hyphen

a. When the second element is capitalized. (pre-Spanish era)
b. When the second element is a figure. (pre-1990)
c. To prevent possible misreading. (re-cover, un-ionized)

38 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

5. Apostrophe – used to indicate possession, contraction, and some plurals

a. Possession
1. Add an ‘s to show possession by singular nouns
A machine’s parts a package’s contents
2. Add an ‘s to show possession by plural nouns that do not end in s.
The women’s club the sheep’s brain
3. Add only an apostrophe to plural nouns ending in s
Three machines’ parts the companies’ managers
4. For proper names that end in s, use the same rules.
Ted Jones’s job The Joneses’ banana plantation
5. Do not add an apostrophe to possessive pronouns
Theirs ours its

b. Contractions – indicate that two or more words have been condensed into one. As a
general rule, do not use contractions in formal reports and business letters.
I will – I’ll it is – it’s
they are - they’re should have - should’ve

b. Plurals – for plurals of letters, abbreviations and numbers, use apostrophe only to avoid
confusion.
Xs Ys Zs BOMs 1990s CCJEs

6. Quotation Marks – used at the beginning and at the end of a passage that contains the exact
words of someone else.

a. Direct quotation
According to Padduyao (2014), “Nobody could go to heaven unless he passes through
Jesus Christ” (p. 7).
Padduyao said that nobody could go to heaven unless he passes through Jesus Christ.

b. Single quotation marks for a quotation within a quotation

“The suspect said, ‘run away,’” the witness told the investigator.

c. Titles of short works

Jose’s favorite poem is “putol” by Pepe Pepito.

d. Words singled out for special attention

“Lift” is a British word for elevator.
“Cop” is the slang word for police officer.

7. Parentheses – brief interruptions meant to give readers immediate explanation, clarifications

or directions.

a. To add information about an item

Acronym - The Philippine National Police (PNP) maintains peace and order.
A definition - The police has emphasized on police omnipresence (the mental condition
where would-be criminals fear to commit crimes because of everybody’s
participation in crime prevention).

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 39

 Precise technical data - This room (5m X 6m) can accommodate 100 very fat people.

e. To add an aside to a sentence

Juan (the investigator) was told to report everything about Pedro (the suspect).

f. To insert direction
The image of the policemen is constantly going down (see related story on page 7).

g. Numbers or letters making a series

As a police officer, I was able to visit (1) Darwin, Australia; (2) Dili, East Timor; and (3)
Hongkong.

h. To insert the date of birth and death of a person

Pepito Kulas (1990-2091) was a well-loved Filipino.

8. Brackets

a. Used in quotations or clarifications in quotations when quoting someone else.

The witness said, “The suspect was at the crime scene at the time of arson [Monday, June
1, 2010 at 2:10 in the morning].”

b. Used to insert corrections in a quoted material.

The Chief of Police said, “The principle [sic] problem is poverty.” Latin sic = thus
In the sentence, the correct word should be principal, not principle.

Parenthesis is used to make insertions in our own writing while bracket is used to make insertions
in the writings of other people.

9. Dash – used in less formal writing. It emphasizes the material it sets off.

a. Before a name used after a quotation

Ex. “Everything is by God’s grace.”
- Fernando B. Padduyao

b. End a sentence with a list or series

Ex. PCpl Juan can get sworn statements, draw and take photographs of the crime
scene, and gather pieces of evidence – all the skills a police investigator should have.

c. Clarify or emphasize appositive material

Ex. Juan Tamad - the man with a million moves – was chosen as the MVP.
The police officers – two Filipinos, five Americans and one Indian – were lost in the forest.

d. To introduce a series less formally than with a colon.

Ex. An officer could arm himself with different equipment – baton, firearm, and whistle.

10. Ellipsis Points – are three periods used to indicate that words have been omitted from a
quoted passage.

According to John 3:16, “For God so loved the world . . . that whosoever believes in Him shall not
perish but have an everlasting life.”

40 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics on Punctuations

Instruction: Write the number that makes the sentenceincorrect. Write the correct answer
Ex. She’s the one who usually see’s to it that the teacher’s table is neat and tidy.  
1 2 3 4
Answer: 2 = sees to

1. They have ninty five ball pens to use for the whole semester.
1 2 3 4

2. An Armalite rifle have many part. The barrel, trigger, and firing pin.
1 2 3 4

3. He said, “Pat Juan has finished a formal bacalaurate degree - BS Nursing”.

1 2 3 4

4. Mr. Juan Pedro adviced Jose: the victim; on how to pass English 4.
1 2 3 4

5. Juan did not review for the examination, she toped it with a high grade.
1 2 3 4

6. Pipita stole a puppy. However; he found out that it was her lost puppy.
               1 2 3 4

7. Like others, our pastor said, “Nobody can worked for its salvation”.
1 2 3 4

8. He’ll go to Manila to watch the final game between Ginebra and Magnolia.
1 2 3 4

9. One million pesos was given to the campanys’ manegers to for the project.
1 2 3 4

10. Culassa, my cat, has one-inch-long feet. Its’ weight is a hundred grams.
1 2 3 4

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 41

42 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
 Chapter V
Abbreviations

1. If an abbreviation might confuse your reader, use it and the complete phrase the first time.
Submit quarterly your Personnel Evaluation Report (PER).

2. Use all capital letters (no periods and no space between letter or symbols for acronyms)
PNP NAPOLCOM CCJE DILG U.S. flag

3. Capitalize just the first letter of abbreviations for titles and companies; the abbreviation follows
with a period.
Pres. Dr. Mr. Co. Corp.

a. The president of the Philippines will visit us today.

b. I was told that Pres. Pinoy will visit us today.
c. The chief of police will arrive today from a 30-day vacation leave.
d. Chief of Police Pedro will arrive today from a 30-day vacation leave.

4. Form the plural of an abbreviation (as well as numbers) by adding just an s.

PERs DTRs TORs 21s 1990s

5. Omit the period after abbreviations of unit of measurement except in. for inch. Do not abbreviate
short words such as acre or ton.
kg oz km cm lbs (abbreviations of measurements are not capitalized)

6. Use periods with Latin abbreviations.

e.g. (for example) i.e. (that is) etc. (and so forth)

       7. Do not abbreviate units of measurement preceded by approximations.

Several pounds per square inch (correct)
Several PSI (wrong) 12 PSI (correct)
A number of kilometers (correct) A number of kms (wrong)

Capitalization

1. Capitalize a title that immediately precedes a name, but do not capitalize if it is generic.
Senior Vice President Pedro will inspect our project tomorrow.
The senior vice president will inspect our project tomorrow.

2. Capitalize proper nouns and adjectives.

Asia Asian France French

3. Capitalize trade name, but not the product.

Apple laptops Isuzu motor vehicle Zonrox toilet cleaner

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 43

 4. Capitalize titles of courses and departments and the tiles of majors that refer to a specific degree
program.
a. The first statistic course I took was Statistics 1.
b. He majored in Forensic Dactyloscopy and has applied for several forensic dactyloscopy
positions.
5. Do not capitalize after a colon. Capitalize after the colon if the second clause is independent.
a. The chair has four parts: legs, seat, arms, and back.
b. The 55-year-old retired police officer is physically very healthy: c. He has been exercising
and taking in Maxceemum vitamin C.
Numbers

1. Spell out numbers below 10; use figures for 10 and above.
Four suspects 17 victims

2. Spell out numbers that begin sentences.

Twenty-five police recruits were dismissed from the service.
3. If a series contains numbers above and below 10, use numerals for all of them.
Pedro, the suspect, has 3 rifles, 29 pistols and 1109 revolvers.

4. Use numerals for numbers that accompany units of measurement and time.
1 gram 26 yards 0.132 minute

5. In compound-number adjectives, spell out the first one or the shorter one to avoid confusion.
75 twelve-volt batteries ten 1,500-km runs

6. Use figures to record specific measurements.

In the 100-meter run, he took readings of 7.6, 7.7, and 7.2.

7. Combine figures and words for extremely large round numbers.

10 trillion police officers three (3) trillion police officers

8. For decimal fractions of less than 1, place a zero before the decimal point.
0.896 km
9. Place the last two letters of the ordinal after fractions used as nouns.
1/10th of a second but not after fractions that modify nouns (1/10th horsepower – wrong)

10. Spell out ordinals below 10.

Third suspect ninth incident 13th victim
11. For 10 and above, use the number and the last two letters of the ordinal.
21st month 55th police officer

44 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics on Abbreviations, Capitalizations and Numbers

Instruction: Write the number that makes the sentence incorrect. Write the correct answer
Ex. Yesterday, the igorot soldier joins the civilians in looking for the missing dog.
                                   1 2 3 4

Answer: 1 = Igorot soldier joined

I.

1. Pedro sees dean Dume boxing the dean of the College of Law a while ago.
1 2 3 4

2. Jose was the sixty ninth police officer to be promoted to police corporal.
1 2 3 4

3. I will finish BS Clinical Psychology; I will look for a Clinical Psychology job.
1 2 3 4
4. 48 police officer does’nt know how to properly write a simple spot report.
1 2 3 4

5. The Senior Police Officer was assigned as leader in place of PLT TAMAD.
1 2 3 4

6. juan hope to be a police major in the Philippine National Police (PNP).

      1             2 3 4

7. He can finish a one hundred seventy-five kilometers ran in twenty minutes.

1 2 3 4

8. He do’nt like the 3 equipments issued by the National Police College (NPC).
1      2 3 4
9. He stole the six-cubic meter samsung washing machine the other day.
1 2 3 4

10. Pedro stayed in Peru for ten days because of his training in the nazi navy.
1 2 3 4

II.

1. The suspect have stolen two hundred 50 watts bulbs from Luna’s house.
1 2 3 4

2. He bought us three (3) bottles of baygon mosquito repellants yesterday.

1 2 3 4

3. The General Manager of Tiongsan Bazaar will go to Manila tomorrow.

1 2 3 4

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 45

 4. She works with the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (B.J.M.P.).
1 2 3 4

5. 35 police officers were assigned at Session Road for the Panagbenga party.
1 2 3 4

6. Pepe took up several Criminology subject from the University of Hingyon.

1 2 3 4

7. Pinoy greeted the 3,000,000,000 officers who were patiently waiting.

1 2 3 4

8. Many thai police officer came here to train on how to arrest suspects.
1 2 3 4

9. Juan, the 100 kilograms officer, met our instructor, Dr. Odnan, a while ago.
1 2 3 4
10. He has saw vice mayor Pepito inside his office playing with his cell phone.
1 2 3 4

46 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Chapter VI
Visual Aids

Purposes:

1. To summarize data (to present information in concise form).

2. To give readers an opportunity to explore data (to allow the readers to investigate on their own).
3. To provide a different entry point into the discussion – (to orient the readers to the topic even
before they begin to read the text).
4. To provide reader expectations (to cause the readers to develop questions about the topic).

Table – is a collection of information expressed in numbers or words and presented in columns and rows.
It shows the data that result from the interaction of an independent (the topic itself) and a dependent
variable (the type of information you discover about the topic).

Parts and Guidelines

1. Number tables consecutively throughout the report with Arabic numerals. Put the number and title
above the table. Use double number method (e.g., “Table 5.4”) only in long reports that contain
chapters.
2. Use brief but informative titles. Do not put punctuation after the title.
3. Use horizontal rules to separate parts of a table. Place a rule above and below the column heads
and below the last row of data,
4. Use a spanner head to characterize the column headings below it. Spanners eliminate repetition
in column heads.
5. Arrange the data into columns (dependent variable) and rows (independent variable).
6. Place explanatory comments below the bottom rule with the word “Note.”
7. Cite the sources of the data unless the data were obviously collected for the paper.
TABLE 1.
Number of Crimes Committed in Benguet, CY 2013 Number
Index Crimes Non-Index Crimes Title
Murder Homicide Robbery Theft Viol of Viol of Spanners
R.A. 9165 P.D. 603
Column Heads
January 20 21 12 34 23 51
Data
February 21 30 10 11 11 14
March 13 15 11 16 9 7
Rule Note: Violations of R.A. 9165 and P.D. 603 were the only non-index Rule
crimes committed.

Source: PRO-COR Accomplishment Report, CY 2013 Notes

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 47

When to use a table:
1. To present all the numerical data so that the audience can see the context of the relationships
you point out.
2. To compare many numbers of features (and eliminate the need for lengthy prose explanations).

Line Graph – shows the relationship of two variables by a line connecting points inside an X (horizontal)
and a Y (vertical) axis. A line graph usually shows trends over time.

Parts and guidelines:

1. Number figures consecutively throughout the report.(same)

2. Use a brief, clear title to specify the content of the graph. Do not punctuate after the title.
3. Put the caption below the figure. For informal reports, the caption maybe placed above.
4. Place the independent variable on the horizontal axis and the dependent variable on the vertical
axis.
5. Space tick marks equally along the axis rule.
6. Provide clear axis labels. Spell out words and write out numbers.
7. Present a data line with definite marks that indicate the intersection of two axes. Add explanatory
numbers or words inside the graph.
8. If the graph has two or more lines, make them visually distinct and identify them with labels or in
a legend.

When to Use a Line Graph

1. To show that a trend exists

2. To show that a relationship exists

48 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 3. To give a general conclusion
4. To initiate or supplement a discussion of cause or significance

Bar Graph – uses rectangles to indicate the relative size of several variables. It contrast variables or
show magnitude. The independent variable is named along the base line while the dependent variable
runs parallel to the bars.

Parts and Guidelines:

1. Provide an Arabic numeral and a title below the figure (formal reports) that names the contents
of the graph.
2. Place the names you are comparing (independent variable) on the horizontal axis and the units of
comparison (dependent variable) on the vertical axis.
3. Space tick marks equally along the axis rule.
4. Provide clear axis labels.
5. Make the spaces between the bars one-half the width of the bars.
6. Use a legend or callouts to identify the meaning of the bars’ markings.
7. Avoid elaborate cross hatching and striping.
8. Use explanatory phrases at the end of the bars or next to them.
9. Subdivide bars to show additional comparison.

When to Use a Bar Graph:

1. To compare sizes
2. To give an overview or a general conclusion

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 49

 3. To initiate or supplement a discussion of cause or significance.

Pie Chart – uses segments of a circle to indicate percentages of a total. The whole circle represents 100
percent, the segments of the circle represent each item’s percentage of the total, and the callouts identify
the segments in the graph.

Parts and Guidelines:

1. The caption may appear above or below the chart. Use Arabic numerals and a title that names the
contents of the graph. Informal charts often have only a title.
2. Start at 12:00 o’clock and run the segments in sequence, clockwise, from largest to smallest.
3. Identify segments with callouts or legends. Callouts are phrases that name each segment. A
legend is a small sample of each segment’s markings plus a brief identifying phrase.
4. Place percentage figures inside the segments.
5. For emphasis, color or shade important segments.
6. Divide the pie chart in no more than five (5) segments.

When to Use a Pie Chart:

1. To compare components to one another

2. To compare components to the whole
3. To show gross differences, not fine distinctions

Chart – is the catchall name for many kinds of visual aids such as troubleshooting tables, flow chart,
decision chart and layouts.

Troubleshooting tables – usually in manuals that identify a problem and give its probable cause and
cure.

Flow Charts – show a time sequence or a decision sequence. The arrows indicate the direction of the
action (process), and symbols represent steps or particular points in the action.

50 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Decision chart (or decision tree) is a flow chart that uses graphics to explain whether or not to perform
a certain action in a certain action in a certain situation.

Gantt chart – represents the schedule of a project. Along the horizontal axis are the units of time; along
the vertical axis are sub processes of the total project. The lines indicate the starting and stopping points
of each sub process.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 51

Layouts – is a map of an area seen from the top

Photograph – a good photograph offers several advantages: it is memorable and easy to refer to; it
duplicates the item discussed; and it shows the relationships among the parts.

Drawing – it could clearly represent an item and its relationship to other items. It eliminates unnecessary
details so that the reader can focus on what is important.

Exploded view – it shows the parts disconnected but arranged in the order in which they fit together.

52 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Detail drawing – is a rendition of particular parts or assemblies. It could show only the items that the
writer wishes, as well as the cross sections.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 53

54 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
 Chapter VII
The Use of Color
in Police Communication

Color – people like color. They prefer color TVs, color newspapers, colorful ads, colorful Web
screens, etc. Working effectively with color means knowing how color relationships cause effects and
how color can be used in documents.

Effects Produced by Color Relationships

1. Maximum visibility – sets of complementary colors that cause high contrast or maximum visibility.
This relationship strongly calls attention to itself. The colors, however, tend to dance and most
people find them harsh and can view them for only a short time.
2. Minimum visibility – sets of adjacent colors cause low contrast. These relationships tend to have
a relaxing effect. The colors, however, tend to blend in with each other, making it difficult to
distinguish the object from the background.
3. Pleasing visibility – sets of contrasting colors cause medium contrast. These relationships have
strong contest, but they do not dance and most people find them bold and vivid.

How Color Can Be Used in Documents

1. Make text stand out –the best contrast is black type on a white background, but other colors like
yellow, orange or blue may be used. However, color alone will not cause individual words stand
out. To make it stand out in, you must also change the font size.

2. Target information – use color to draw attention to “independent focus” text – types of text that
readers must focus on independently of other types. In addition, make each type of text look
different from the other types by using different value (tint or shade) and different areas or shape
to cause the difference. Common examples of independent focus texts are warnings, hints, cross
references, material the reader should type, and sidebars.

3. Indicate organization – color creates a visual logic and indicates function. Colors could indicate
different levels of the document’s hierarchy. Common functions that color can indicate are marginal
material and running information – in headers and footers, or in the head system.

4. Indicate the point in a visual aid – colors are used to draw attention to specific items. For instance
a. To highlight a single line in a table.
b. To highlight the data line in a line graph.
c. To focus attention on a particular bar or set of bars in a bar graph.
d. To differentiate callouts.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 55

Frequency of Analogies Used in Technical Articles

Train Thunderstorm Food Menu

Packaging 30 40 30
Hospitality 20 15 65
Automotive 10 75 15

56 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics. Identifying errors. If no error, put 5 = no error.

Instruction: Write the number that makes the sentence incorrect. Write the correct answer
Example: Petra leaves in a shallow cave. Ans. 2 – lives.
1 2 3 4

1. The service of the foolish policeman were terminated.

1 2 3 4

2. The Chief of Police should acquaint the investigator of what to do.

1 2 3 4

3. Call up our office so that you could see how training is conducted.
1 2 3 4

4. Juan was appraised that his friend failed.

1 2 3 4

5. Here comes the chief and her assistant.

1 2 3 4

6. There houses on the hill was not affected by Typhoon Yolanda.

1 2 3 4

7. PSUPT Jose Rizal is our Chief of Police now.

1 2 3 4

8. The new recruit was punished heavily yesterday.

1 2 3 4

9. The husband and wife are joined together by their children.

1 2 3 4

10. He topped the examination notwithstanding the fact that he is very poor.
1 2 3 4

11. In compliance with your request, I am sending you this communication.

1 2 3 4
12. Published hereunder is the detail for June 2014.
1 2 3 4

13. Please send us equipments for us to use in our patrol operations.

1 2 3 4

14. Juan, a CCJE student at the University of Baguio stole a car yesterday.
1 2 3 4

15. We arrested nine members of the dreaded Sine gang last week.
1 2 3 4

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 57

Mental Calisthenics. Identifying errors. If no error, put 5 = no error.

Instruction: Write the number that makes the sentence incorrect. Write the correct answer
Ex. Their dog bites likes a poisonous snake. Ans. 3 = like
1 2 3 4

1. One of the students, together with the instructors, like yello bananas.
1 2 3 4

2. Fifty percent of the rise were distribute to the victims of typhoon Yolanda.
1 2 3 4

3. A number of children was handcaff by the police yesterday.

    1 2 3 4

4. Chose the letters who corresponds to the right answers.

1 2 3 4

5. None of the partisipant are discualify to take up the examination.

1 2 3 4

6. Their goes my problems that have been hounding me for many years.
1 2 3 4

7. Either the monkeys nor there handler stay inside the pen every night.
1 2 3 4

8. In his pocket his pencils inside a lunch box was kept safe.
1 2 3 4

9. Nobody in the two (2) groups of young men do’nt wants to fale English.
1 2 3 4

10. The officer can relise the suspect from detention if you will not testify.
1 2 3 4

11. The number of aplicant want to eat bananas before doing exercises.
1 2 3 4

12. These obidient student, not those dirty pupils, want appreciation from us.
1 2 3 4

13. None of the lady’s walk’s every Sunday morning to attend church services.
1 2 3 4

14. It’s tales are so long that it touches the ground as it sits on a 12-foot stool.
1 2 3 4

15. They makes theirselves like crazy clowns along Session Road.
1 2 3 4

58 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics

Instruction: Write the correct tense of the verb in parenthesis

Ex. Pepee and Pedro (like) bananas. Answer: like

1. The victim (kill) by tomorrow morning.

2. The officer (investigate) the crime when his Chief ordered him to do so.

3. I suggest that he (listen) to my instruction.

4. So far, the police stations (not submit) their reports to us.

5. Petra (finish) her assignment tomorrow.

6. They (go) to Manila last month to attend the seminar.

7. I insist that she (study) her lessons so that she will pass.

8. Pepita (jog) everyday on the street.

9. She might (attend) the wedding ceremony.

10. The criminal (elude) arrest by Friday.

11. The suspect (seek) the help of the lawyer last month.

12. Every day, Simplicia (go) to the market with her brothers.

13. PO2 Juan (ask) questions from the suspect before PO3 Jose left the crime scene.

14. Up to now, Pepe (not see) his American father.

15. Neither Juan, nor his brothers, (like) bananas.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 59

60 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
 Chapter VIII
Memorandum

The Memorandum format is used within an organization and every organization has its own format,
hence, the Memorandum is only used within the Philippine National Police (PNP). It is then inappropriate
for the PNP to use the Memorandum format in communicating with other government or non-government
agencies: It should use the Civilian Business Letter format.

Parts of the PNP Memorandum:

Heading – The heading includes the name of the organization, the unit or the police station, and the
address. The name of the unit or police station is written boldly and all capitalized. The heading is aligned
center.

Date – The date should not be abbreviated. Do not forget that after the date is a line drawn from margin
to margin.

Addressee – The addressee is written after Memorandum For or Memorandum To. Memorandum For
is used if the communication is sent to a higher office or of the same level with the sender, and the
Memorandum To is used if the communication is sent to a lower office. The words “Memorandum For
or Memorandum To, as well as rank and the name of the addressee or receiver of the report, is written
boldly, and all capitalized if it is the name of a Police Commissioned Officer, but if not, then only the rank
and beginning letters are capitalized. If the writer intends to use the position instead of the name, then
it should be written boldly and only the beginning letters are capitalized. Under the name is written the
designation or position, then the office. Remember not to put a colon or any punctuation after the word
Memorandum. See to it that the colons after For or To, Subject, and Date should be aligned with each
other; hence, use the tab and not the space bar.

Sometimes it is better to omit the name, so that the report can be received by whoever holds the
position. There is a problem if your report is on the way and all of a sudden the person who should receive
your report is changed.

Attention Line – this is where the name of the specific person or office that will act on your report is boldly
written. The practice of writing the attention line could enable your report to be acted upon immediately
because your report will go directly to the concerned person or office.

Sender of the communication - below the attention line is written “From”. Police reports before omit the
“From” probably because it is the same with that of the signatory or by just reading the heading, you have
already known where the communication came from. Anyway, it is important that if the “From” is written,
then the designation in the signatory should be omitted.

Subject – the subject is what the report is all about. It is written boldly and should not be very long. It is
enough that the reader, upon reading the subject, knows already what the report is all about. The most
important word or words should be mentioned first. For example, Vacation Leave, Request for

Reference – this is the basis for the report. For some reports, this is not indicated because there is no
need for it or they have no basis at all. Remember, all paragraphs in a memorandum are consecutively

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 61

numbered using the Arabic numbers. So if there is a reference, then the reference should be paragraph
1 and continued until the last paragraph of the body. If there is no reference, then the first paragraph of
the body should be numbered paragraph 1.

Body – consists of what the writer would like to tell the reader. In most police reports, especially in Special
reports, the first paragraph usually contains the problem; the second and succeeding paragraphs, the
rationale; and the last paragraph, the action.

Paragraphing:
Problem paragraph – contains what the writer would like the reader to know.
Rationale Paragraph – these are the explanations to the problem.
Action Paragraph – this is what the receiver of the communication will do after reading it.

Signature – any document without the signature is of no value. It is strictly written with the name (First
name, Middle name, Last name) with the rank typed below it, and the designation or position typed below
the rank. The name, for clarity, should be capitalized and written boldly whether the signatory is a Police
Commissioned Officer, Police Non-Commissioned Officer or even a civilian.

Take note, in a memorandum, there are appropriate action paragraphs which should be used that
depend on whether the communication is for a lower office, higher office or of the same level.

If the communication uses Memorandum For, the appropriate action paragraph could be:

Request priority action. Further request priority action.

Request consideration. Further request consideration.
Request approval. Further request approval.
Request acknowledge. Further request acknowledge.
Request widest dissemination. Further request widest dissemination.
Request feedback. Further request feedback (correct)

Request consideration and approval. (this is inappropriate because consideration and approval
are synonymous)

Use further request in the action paragraph when you have already made mention of request in
the earlier paragraphs.

Request further feedback (this is wrong because of the modifier further which is misplaced. Here,
the word that is modified is feedback instead of request)
If the communication uses Memorandum To, the appropriate action paragraph could be:

For information. For widest dissemination.

For strict compliance. For guidance.
For immediate action. For priority action.

During the PC/INP days, the word “P o s t” is written just below the addressee. The word post
means that the addressee also works with the office as indicated in the heading. This practice will save
time, space and effort as the writer will just write post rather than writing again the office of the addressee
that already appeared in the heading.

62 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Benguet Provincial Police Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Vacation Leave, Request for

Date : February 29, 2020

1. Request that the undersigned be granted a five-day vacation leave from March 16-21, 2020 so
that he will take care of his wife who is confined at the Baguio General Hospital, Baguio City.
Address while on leave: #12 Sampaguita St., Purok 4, Irisan, Baguio City.

2. Further request approval.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Major

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 63

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Chief of Police

FROM : Chief Investigator

SUBJECT : Criminal Investigation and Detection Course

Date : June 27, 2020

1. Request that the undersigned be permitted to attend the Criminal Investigation and Detection
Course at the Cordillera Administrative Region Training Center, Teacher’s Camp, Baguio City on
August 1, 2020 to October 30, 2020.

2. He has a Time In Grade of five (5) years as Senior Police Senior Master Sergeant and he would
like to finish the course so that he could be eligible for promotion in December 2020.

3. Further request approval.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Executive Master Sergeant

64 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BENGUET PROVICIAL POLICE OFFICE

La Trinidad, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

TO : The Chief of Police

Bakun Municipal Police Station
Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Opns Div

FROM : Provincial Director

SUBJECT : Seminar on Crime Prevention

Date : March 19, 2020

1. You are directed to conduct a three-day seminar on Crime Prevention from March 25-27, 2020 at
Barangay Dahlia which was ranked No. 1 regarding the number of crimes committed for CY 2019.

2. Submit an after-activity report to reach this office NLT March 30, 2020.

3. For strict compliance.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Colonel

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 65

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BENGUET PROVICIAL POLICE OFFICE

La Trinidad, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

TO : The Chief of Police

Bakun Municipal Police Station
Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : Provincial Director

SUBJECT : Investigation Report

Date : March 19, 2020

1. Reference. Spot Report dated March 18, 2020.

2. You are directed to submit an Investigation Report regarding the killing of Juan Tamad, the
Barangay Captain of Dahlia, Bakun, Benguet on March 17, 2020 inside the Dumol Megamall to
reach this office NLT March 21, 2020.

3. For strict compliance.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Colonel

66 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Benguet Provincial Police Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Opns Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : After-activity Report re Seminar on Crime Prevention

Date : March 28, 2020

1. On March 25-27, 2020, this office spearheaded the conduct of a three-day seminar on crime
prevention that was attended by ninety-nine Barangay officials and community members of
Barangay Dahlia, which was ranked No. 1 regarding the number of crimes committed for CY
2019. The following shows the activities during the three-day affair:
Time Activity Instructor/Facilitator
Day 1 – March 25, 2020
8:00 – 12:00 Community Policing PMAJ ODNAN B. UDDAP
1:00 – 5:00 Human Rights CHR
Day 2 – March 26, 2020
8:00 – 12:00 Patrolling PCAPT JUAN T. TALAGA
1:00 – 5:00 Observation & Description PCOL BEN T. TUMBLING
Day 3 – March 27, 2020
8:00 – 12:00 Unarmed Self-defense PEMS winny D. Poo
1:00 – 3:00 Handcuffing Techniques PCPL Andres D. Bakya

2. The activity successfully ended with fifty-five (55) handcuffs, donated by the College of Criminal
Justice Education, University of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Rd., Baguio City, distributed to all the
Barangay Police who attended said activity.
3. Request acknowledge.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Major

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 67

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BENGUET PROVICIAL POLICE OFFICE

La Trinidad, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

TO : The Chief of Police

Bakun Municipal Police Station
Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : Provincial Director

SUBJECT : Media Report on the Highest Number of Property Crimes

Date : March 19, 2020

1. It has been reported in the media that two (2) of the five (5) barangays under your area of
responsibility have the highest number of crimes against property for CY 2019. In this connection,
submit to this office NLT March 23, 2020 your report showing the percentages of the crimes
committed in these five barangays.

2. For strict compliance.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Colonel

68 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

TO : PCPL Juan Tamad Talaga, Jr.

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Explanation

Date : March 24, 2020

1. You are directed to explain in writing within twenty-four (24) hours upon receipt hereof why no
disciplinary charges be filed against you for being absent on duty from March 20-23, 2020.

2. Failure on your part will constrain the undersigned to file the necessary administrative charges
against you.

3. For strict compliance.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Major

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 69

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : Chief of Police

FROM : Chief, Warrant Section

SUBJECT : Explanation

Date : March 25, 2020

1. Reference: Memo dated March 24, 2020.

2. Please be informed that the undersigned was absent from March 20-23, 2020 because his wife
unexpectedly gave birth to their 13th child, and he would like to apologize for not informing you of
his absence from his duties.

3. Attached is the Medical certificate of his wife.

4. Request consideration.

JUAN TAMAD TALAGA, JR.

Police Executive Master Sergeant

70 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BENGUET PROVICIAL POLICE OFFICE

La Trinidad, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

TO : The Chief of Police

Bakun Municipal Police Station
Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : Provincial Director

SUBJECT : Index and Non-Index Crimes

Date : March 19, 2020

1. You have reported that the number of index and non index crimes in your area of responsibility is
quite alarming. In this connection, submit to this office NLT March 24, 2020 your report that could
show whether there is indeed a trend in the commission of these crimes for the past five (5) years.

2. For strict compliance.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Colonel

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 71

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Benguet Provincial Police Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Opns Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Index and Non-Index Crimes

Date : March 28, 2020

1. The number of index and non index crimes in our area of responsibility is indeed alarming. Since
2015, there has been a steady increase in both index and non-index crimes. The graph below
shows the trend in the commission of these crimes for the past five (5) years.

2. Request acknowledge.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Major

72 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

IFUGAO POLICE PROVINCIAL OFFICE

Camp Dunuan, Lagawe, Ifugao

MEMORANDUM

FOR : Regional Director

   Police Regional Office - Cordillera
              Camp Dangwa, La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, RIDMD

FROM : Provincial Director

SUBJECT : Homicide, Theft and Robbery

Date : January 1, 2020

1. Ref: Memo dated December 31, 2019 with subject same as above.

2. There was a slight increase in the number of homicide, theft and robbery for CY 2019 compared
to CY 2018. Despite the crime prevention efforts exerted by our police officers, sad to say, our
office was not able to meet our target of lowering down the incidence of these crimes by at least
ten percent. The graph below shows the number of the three (3) crimes committed in our AOR for
CY 2019:

3. Request acknowledge.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Colonel

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 73

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

TO : PEMS Juan Tamad Talaga, Jr.

    Chief, Patrol Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Conduct of Foot Patrol

Date : March 24, 2020

1. You are directed to conduct foot patrol along Session Road, Bakun, Benguet from 7:00 o’clock in
the morning until 3:00 o’clock in the afternoon as there have been reports that crimes, especially
crimes against property, have been committed thereat. In addition, while in the conduct of patrol,
you are required to talk with the people you meet, get their names and addresses, their contact
numbers and write down their concerns about peace and order in their respective places of
residence.

2. Submit your patrol report every after your tour of duty.

3. For strict compliance.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Major

74 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

TO : PCpl Procopia Pepito

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Explanation

Date : March 24, 2020

1. Explain in writing within twenty four (24) hours upon receipt hereof why no disciplinary action be
instituted against you for failure to report for duty after the lapse of your vacation leave on March
23, 2020.

2. Failure on your part will constrain the undersigned to file the necessary charges against you.

3. For strict compliance.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Major

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 75

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

IFUGAO PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICE

Camp Dunuan, Lagawe, Ifugao

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Regional Director

Police Regional Office-Cordillera
Camp Dangwa, La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Comptrollership Div

FROM : Provincial Director

SUBJECT : Gas Allocation, 1st Quarter, 2020

Date : April 4, 2020

1. Reference. Memo dated April 1, 2020 with subject same as above.

2. This office has distributed its Ten (10) barrels of crude oil Gas Allocation for the 1st Quarter, CY
2020 to five (5) municipalities. The chart below shows the distribution.

3. Request acknowledge.

NANDREF B ODNAN, JR.

Police Colonel

76 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : Chief of Police

FROM : Chief, Patrol Division

SUBJECT : After-Patrol Report

Date : March 25, 2020

1. Reference: Memo dated March 24, 2020.

2. The undersigned had conducted foot patrol along Session Road, Bakun, Benguet from 7:00 o’clock
in the morning until 3:00 o’clock in the afternoon on March 25, 2020, and with the eight hours of
continually moving along his beat, there has not been any crime he witnessed or reported to him.
While conducting patrol, he talked with some of the people in order to win their hearts and minds
and thereby gain their trust and confidence, knowing that he could not do crime prevention alone
without the help of the community. Below are some of the names of the people he encountered,
together with their addresses, contact numbers and concerns.

Names Addresses Contact nos. Concerns

Juan Tama #2 Calibre St., Bakun 09178897921 Many cell phone snatchers
Pedro Puk #9 Bazoka St., Bakun 092398770989 Drunk women during
nighttime
Pepe Pepit #4 Granda St., Bakun 09213459890 Drug addicts and male
prostitutes
Winny Po #7 Kabayo St., Bakun 09992314345 Stray dogs and Burning
garbage

3. All of the people mentioned above had requested that as much as possible, their concerns should
be dealt with immediately as the problem about peace and order might escalate in their respective
places.

4. Request acknowledge.

JUAN TAMAD TALAGA, JR.

Police Executive Master Sergeant

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 77

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : Chief of Police

FROM : Team Leader, Team 1

SUBJECT : After-Patrol Report

Date : December 29, 2020

1. Reference: Memo dated March 24, 2020.

2. This pertains to the result of the patrol activity conducted by Team 1 within the vicinity of Dona
Josefa Elementary School, Bakun, Benguet on March 23, 2020 from 7:00 o’clock in the morning
to 6:00 o’clock in the afternoon.

3. Team 1, after receiving directives from PCAPT JUAN LUNA, Chief, Operations Division, proceeded
to conduct foot patrol within Dona Josefa Elementary School. Team 1 composed of PEMS Pepe
Pedro as the Team Leader, and the members: PCPL Roland Cho, PCPL Ben Tumbling, PAT Joe
Jacinto and PAT Juan Luna.
4. After the briefing conducted by the undersigned, the team started to conduct their foot patrol.
The team moved at a regular pace, randomly stopping by at different establishments to conduct
informal interviews with owners and security personnel to determine common crime problems,
and also to visually inspect security measures such as CCTVs, lighting fixtures and gate barriers
implemented by these establishments for the protection of lives and properties. From time to time,
the team talk to different people they meet in order to determine peace and order concerns in their
respective places of work or residence.
5. The team concentrated their foot patrol at back alleys that could not be reached by mobile patrols.
There have been reported cases of cell phone snatching in the area, but the team encountered
none during their tour of duty.
6. Attached is the list of the names of persons with their respective addresses, contact numbers, and
their peace and order concerns.

7. Request acknowledge.

PEPE PEPITO PEDRO, JR.

Police Executive Master Sergeant

78 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Chapter IX
Civilian Business Letter

Civilian letter – in civilian letters, be personal. Use the first person I or we. See to it to avoid the use
pronouns of the third person or “the undersigned” as these are appropriate in writing memorandums.
There are two formats of a civilian business letter: the blocked format and the semi blocked format. These
are presented in the succeeding pages.

Parts: Heading
Inside Address
Salutation
Body
Complimentary Close
Signature

Salutation:

Personal – Dear Culassa,

My Everdearest One,
Juana, My Love,
My Dear Friend Pepita,

Informal - Gentlemen:
Ladies:

Formal – Dear Mr. Pepito:

Dear President Pama:
Dear Inspector Pepo:

Extremely Formal - (used for official communication)

Sir:
Madam:
Dear Sir:
Dear Madam:
Dear Mesdames:

In Civilian Business Letter, the salutation and the complimentary close should agree with each
other. Take note that the beginning letters of the salutation are capitalized and a colon is used if the letter
is formal. If it is personal, use the comma.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 79

Complimentary Close:

Formal to a superior Yours respectfully,

Respectfully yours,
Yours very respectfully,
Very respectfully yours,

Formal, business-like Yours truly,

Truly yours,
Yours very truly,
Very truly yours,

Less formal Yours sincerely,

Sincerely yours,
Yours very sincerely,
Very sincerely yours,

Less formal, cordial Yours cordially,

Cordially yours,
Yours very cordially,
Very cordially yours,

In the complimentary close, the first letter is only capitalized and the others not. Take note also
that a comma is used. Do not ever forget to place the complimentary close, as some police officers do.
The reason probably is that they are used to the memorandum format that has no complimentary close.
Thus, if you are writing a civilian business letter, you have to check whether all the parts are present. Take
note, however, a personal letter has no inside address.

80 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 #99 Granada St., Bakun, Benguet
March 31, 2020

Dear Culassa,

It has been a long time we did not see each other since we parted ways after our graduation from
high school. For many times, I tried to get in touch with you, but because of my present situation, I was not
able to do it. I read from the Midland Courier that you placed number 7 in the October 2007 Criminology
Board Examination, and I was leaping with joy and was thinking, if you were only beside me, I should
have embraced you with all the strength I have.

My friend Lassie, I will park my pen here, and I expect to hear from you telling me of all your
experiences during your first day at the training center until you graduated.

Please extend my warmest regard to your sweet mother, Simplicia. I still remember when she
cooked for us “Binagoongan na Sabaw.”

Your friend,
Paquita

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 81

 Busel-busel, Santiago, Ilocos Sur
April 05, 2020

Dear Paquita,

I just received your letter yesterday in our office. I was so overwhelmed because for the past ten
years after our graduation from high school, you still managed to write a letter for me. Oh Yes! I ranked
number 7 in my Criminology Board Examination last October 2013. If you were here that time, maybe I
should have embraced you also with all my strength.

By the way, I am wondering what makes you busy now?

How I wish we could see each other so that we could have a heart-to-heart conversation. I am
looking forward to that day when you shall visit us so that I will ask my mother Simplicia to cook for us
again “Binagoongan na sabaw.”

Always enjoy life to the fullest.

Your friend,
Lassie

82 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 #911 Green, Village,
San Juan, La Union
April 05, 2020

Dear Paquita,

My dearest friend, I just received your letter and I am so grateful to be remembered by a friend
like you. How I wish that you are here with me so that you can join me celebrate this great achievement
of mine. I thought you have already forgotten about me because of the long time that we did not see each
other.

Mama Simplicia also extends her regards to you my friend. She said she would love to cook for
you again.

I miss you so much my friend Quitty. I look forward to seeing you the soonest time possible so that
we can have a quality time together, have bonding moments and share our stories with each other.

Until then, I will be waiting to hear from you again.

Your friend,
Culassa

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 83

 #18 Sassion St., Laoag City,
Ilocos Norte
April 5, 2020

Dear Paquita,

I was very happy when I got your letter. Yes, it has been a long time that we did not see each
other. While I was reading your letter, I remembered those memories when we were in high school.
Those stories we shared and the secrets we kept to each other. It is alright if you can’t communicate with
me at least, I got your letter and I understood your situation. Yes, I am the number 7 in October 2013
Criminology Board examination and I thank God for that big blessing. I want you to know that you’re one
of my inspirations. While I was reading your letter, I imagined your face full of energy smiling at me. I miss
you so much my best friend. If you were only here, I should have embraced you too and pinched your soft
cheek.

My experience during my first year in college was very challenging and it was hard to adjust
because of new environment but all in all, it was great. I am fine because our dream is gradually becoming
true. My professors are very kind to me. I also met new friends here and I shared stories to them about
you and our friendship.

My mother is fine. We always talk about you while she cooks her specialty “Binagoongan na
Sabaw.” I also shared your letter to her and she was smiling while reading. My mom has missed your
“kakulitan” and your corny jokes.

My best friend, I expect a response to my letter and I expect to hear from you telling me of all your
experiences there. Just call me up through my number 09178897921 when you need me and I’ll be there
for you.

Please extend also my warmest hug to your parents who are always supportive to us in good
times or bad times. Be strong always. You will be my greatest and best friend in the world.

Your friend,
Culs

84 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Try to improve this letter written by a police recruit at RTC 1, Aringay, La Union.

September 12, 2020

Dear Paquita

It’s a long time we never see each other after we graduated in high school there
a lot to tell you about my experience in college. Before Study in University of Luzon I
stop for two (2) years for financial Problem and after two(2) years waiting I study B.S-
Criminology at University of Luzon for almost four(4) years in college life theirs a mistake,
failure, Hopeless, and challenge to face, but now I already Graduated twenty twelve(2012)
of march and took my Criminology board examination of October twenty twelve(2012)
in baguio City. Now I Join in Philippine National Police PNP in Region one(1) we are
now almost two months her in aringay la union training Center we also conduct physical
conditioning every four(4) am and study eight(8)am to six(6)pm and after six months will
be graduated and deploy in different station or division. Someday I will be successful
Police Officer

I hope we see each other soon my friend you will be succesful to someday

Your friend,
Lassa

Exercise:

Write a formal business letter using the blocked format addressed to the Regional
Training Director. Inform him of all good or bad experiences you have had since the start
of your training.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 85

#7 Grabe St., Melon, Bakun, Benguet
March 31, 2014

The Regional Training Director

Cordillera Administrative Region Training Center
Teacher’s Camp, Baguio City

Sir:

I received a letter from my daughter, Petra Primitiva Simplicio, who is taking up Public Safety Field
Training Program (PSFTP), that in their one month with the training center, they were only allowed to take
a bath once on March 20, 2014 and sleep for two to three hours a day, usually from 1:00 o’clock to 4:00
o’clock in the morning. In addition, they do lots of physical exertions from 15-20 hours a day despite their
being fed only once a day with seven spoonful of rice, dried fish and sayote.

As the father, I am really so concerned about the welfare of my daughter if indeed these are all true. I
understand that these are part of training but I think it is beyond reason for our trainees to experience
such.

I hope that my daughter, together with the other police trainees, will be strong enough to finish the course
despite your barbaric actions.

Respectfully yours,

PEDRO BRAVADO SIMPLICIO

86 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

This is another letter from one police recruit. Try to improve it.

#11 Agoo, Aringay, La Union

April 5, 2017

The Regional Training Director

Regional Training Center 1
Aringay, La Union

Sir:

I write the letter to inform to you about they all experiences in this training Center, I am Roldan Lord
F. Acenas, who taking up Public Safety Basic Recruitment Course (PSBRC), and they have compost
into nine (9) companies which are Alpha to India and I am belonging to the snappiest company which
is Charlie Company. Based on my experience in this training Center the all recruits shall allowed to
take a bath once a week and sleep for four to five hours a day, usually 10:00 o’clock in the evening to
3:00 o’clock in the morning, sometimes I did not sleep because of our duties and responsibilities in this
institution. Every morning were they having a exercise that is called PNP dozen exercises they do lots of
physical exercises for conditioning of our body and measure of our endurance.

As a recruit, I am so proud about the training and I understand that these are part of our training so that
we need to follow the rules and regulation in this training Center.

I hope that my co-police trainees, will be strong until we finish the six months training and sooner we will
become a good example in the PNP Organization.

Truly yours,

ROLDAN LORD F. ACENAS

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 87

Cordillera Administrative Region Training Center
Teacher’s Camp, Baguio City
March 31, 2014

MR. PEDRO BRAVADO SIMPLICIO

#7 Grabe St., Melon, Bakun, Benguet

Sir:

I regret to inform you that we cannot change the way how training is conducted. We have a standard to
follow, and we have been criticized for it. If you wish, you may call on our training center to accompany
your daughter back home.

Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

JUAN TAMAD TALAGA, JR.

Police Lieutenant Colonel
Regional Training Director

88 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

#7 Grabe St., Melon, Bakun, Benguet
April 3, 2014

The Chief of Police

Bakun Municipal Police Station
Bakun, Benguet

Sir:

For the past six months, there have been many crimes committed in our barangay; five members of the
community were killed and ten houses were robbed. When I conducted an inquiry, I found out that all five
persons were killed in broad daylight, and the robberies happened within a fifty-meter radius from your
police station. It is sad to note that we seldom see police officers patrolling their beat, and I think this is
the main reason of the rise of crimes in our locality, aside from the lack of street lights.

I request you to do something before the situation escalates.

Respectfully yours,

PEDRO BRAVADO SIMPLICIO

Barangay Captain

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 89

Cababuyan, Hingyon, Ifugao
July 31, 2014

The Regional Director

Police Regional Office- Cordillera
Camp Bado Dangwa, La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Regional Chief, RPHRDD

Dear Sir:

I have learned that you are accepting application folders for the position of Patrolman, and I am very
much interested to apply.

I am Nandrev B. Uddap, Jr., 22 years old, single, 1.80m in height, 77 kilograms in weight, a Filipino citizen,
and a resident at Kayahan, Cababuyan, Hingyon, Ifugao. I graduated Bachelor of Science in Public
Safety (In Service) at the National Police College in 1999 as Magna Cum Laude and No. 1 in our class of
75 graduates. I also finished Bachelor of Science in Criminology, Master of Science in Criminology, major
in Law Enforcement Administration, and Doctor of Philosophy, major in Development Education at the
University of Baguio. I ranked No. 7 in the October 2007 Criminology Board Examination and also passed
the Career Service Professional Examination with a rating of 85.73%.

Enclosed is my Personal Data Sheet should you wish to know more about my qualification. I am very
much interested to undergo your screening process, and hopefully become one of the members of your
prestigious organization. I can be reached at 09178897921 or at [email protected].

Very respectfully yours,

NANDREV B. UDDAP, JR.

90 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Chapter X
Radiographic Communication

The radiographic form of communication is usually used to relay information to PNP units by means
of two-way radios or telephones. This is used to inform units which could hardly be reached by means of
the internet and written communications. It is written all in capital letters without the punctuations, and the
use of abbreviations and acronyms is allowed. A format is used but the most important is what to write in
the text or body. The following is an example of the text.

TEXT

PARA ONE PD DIRECT AND ADVISE PCPL JUAN TAMAD CMA JR PD AND PAT PEDRO PEPITO
TO REPORT TO THIS OFFICE ATTN CLN CHIEF CMA INVES DIV TO GIVE THEIR TESTIMONIES
RE THE REPORTED SHOOTING INCIDENT HAPPENED ON 31 MAR 20 INSIDE BATAWA BAR AND
RESTAURANT ALONG BOKAWKAN ROAD CMA BAKUN CMA BENGUET PD ADVISE THEM ALSO
TO BRING ALONG WITH THEM THEIR ISSUED FIREARMS CMA AND SHOULD BE IN COMPLETE
GOA UNIFORM PD PARA TWO PD FOR STRICT COMPLIANCE PD SGD CLN POLICE COLONEL
WINNY DIPOO CMA PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR PD BT . . .

TEXT

PARA ONE PD REF CLN MEMO FROM REGIONAL TRAINING DIRECTOR CMA CAR REGIONAL
TRAINING CENTER CMA TEACHER APOSTRPOHE SIERRA CAMP CMA BAGUIO CITY DATED 30
MAR 20 PD PARA TWO PD YOU ARE DIRECTED TO SUBMIT TO THIS OFFICE NLT 05 APRIL 2020
NAMES OF YOUR RECOMENDEES TO TAKE DASH UP PUBLIC SAFETY SENIOR LEADERSHIP
COURSE THAT WILL START ON 16 APRIL 2020 PD BE REMINDED THAT YOUR RECOMENDEES
SHOULD HAVE NO PENDING CIVIL CMA CRIMINAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE CASE CMA FINISHED
PUBLIC SAFETY JUNIOR LEADERSHIP COURSE AND ARE PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY FIT FOR
TRAINING PD PARA THREE PD FOR STRICT COMPLIANCEPD SGD JUAN TAMAD TALAGA CMA JR
PD CMA POLICE COLONEL CMA PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR PD BT . . .

TEXT

PARA ONE PD REFERENCES CLN ALPHA PD POLICE BLOTTER ENTRY NR 68 DATED 07 APR
20 SMCLN AND BRAVO PD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES PD PARA TWO PD PLS BE
INFORMED THAT ON OR ABOUT 0600H ON 07 APR 20 INFRONT THE CABA NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL AT MCARTHUR HIGHWAY CMA CABA CMA LA UNION CMA CHRISTIAN AGARAN YANKEE
TADENA CMA 22 YEARS OLD CMA SINGLE CMA ALPHA TRICYCLE DRIVER OF CABA CMA LA
UNION CMA AND ALPHA RESIDENT AT NR 101 MCDONALD ROAD CMA LA UNION CMA WHILE
DRIVING HIS RED DASH COLORED TMX 155 HONDA MOTORIZED TRICYCLE WITH PLATE NR
ABC 1234 BUMPED THE BACK OF ANOTHER BLUE COLORED TM 110 HONDA MOTORIZED
TRICYCLE DRIVEN BY JOENALD PANTE YANKEE BARRIENTOS CMA ALSO ALPHA TRICYCLE
DRIVER OF THESAME PLACE MENTIONED AND ALPHA RESIDENT AT NR 69 MCDONALD RD CMA

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 91

LA UNION PD INITIAL INVESTIGATION DISCLOSED THAT LORNA DIDIPULO YANKEE LUGMA CMA
26 YEARS OLD CMA ALPHA TEACHER OF CABA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL AND ALPHA RESIDENT
OF POBLACION UNO CMA CABA CMA LA UNION WAS WALKING BESIDE THE MCARTHUR HIWAY
WHEN SHE SAW TWO TRICYCLES RACING WITH EACH OTHER AT ABOUT 60 TO 70 KPH PD THAT
THE BLUE COLORED TRICYCLE WHICH WAS AHEAD WAS HIT BY THE RED ONE THAT CAUSED
IT TO DRIFT TO THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE ROAD AND HIT AN ELECTRIC POST PD INVESTIGATION
FURTHER DISCLOSED THAT THE TWO DRIVERS MR PD PANTE AND MR PD AGARAN WERE
RACING FOR PASSENGERS PD INVESTIGATION FINALLY DISCLOSED THAT JOENALD PANTE
CMA WHO WAS SEVERELY INJURED ON HIS HEAD WHEN IT HARDLY HIT THE ELECTRIC POST
CMA WAS BROUGHT TO THE CABA HOSPITAL BY CONCERNED RESIDENTS BUT WAS DECLARED
DEAD ON ARRIVAL BY THE ATTENDING PHYSICIAN DUE TO HEMORRHAGE PD DISPOSITION
CLN CASE WAS AMICABLY SETTLED OUT OF COURT BY BOTH PARTIES PD PARA THREE PD
REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE PD SGD JUAN TAMAD TALAGA CMA POLICE MAJOR CMA CHIEF OF
POLICE PD BT…

This was written by one police recruit. Try to improve it.

TEXT

PARA ONE PD REF CLN POLICE BLOTTER ENTRY NR 101 DATED SEPTEMBER 13 CMA 2020 PD
PARA TWO PD PLS BE INFORMED THAT ON OR ABOUT 0100H ON 14 SEPTEMBER 2020 CMA ALPHA
DESTRUCTION OF PERSONAL PROPERTY TRANSPIRED AT BRGY SILSIL CMA CERVANTES CMA
ILOCOS NORTE PD THE VICTIM WAS IDENTIFIED AS SHIELA DE VERA CMA 21 YEARS OLD CMA
SINGLE CMA AND ALPHA RESIDENT OF BRGY SILSIL CMA CERVANTES CMA ILOCOS NORTE
PD REPORTED TO THIS STATION THAT UNIDENTIFIED SUSPECT HAD BEEN DESTROYED THE
MAIN DOOR OF THERE HOUSE PD SHE FURTHER STATED THAT SHE HAD ALPHA PREVIOUS
ARGUMENT WITH LOU ANN YANKEE CRUZ CMA 22 YEARS OLD CMA SINGLE CMA AND ALPHA
RESIDENT OF THE SAID BRGY PD PARA THREE PD CASE IS STILL UNDER INVESTIGATION
SPOT REPORT IS FOLLOW PD IOC DASH SPO1 ROLLY CARTAS WITH CELLPHONE NR DASH
09755231695 AND PO3 JACKONG MAPANAO WITH CELLPHONE NR DASH 09100547555 PD PARA
FOUR PD RST ACK PD SIGNED ELMARK JAMES YORO POLICE INSPECTOR CMA CHIEF OF
POLICE PD, PARA ONE PD REF CLN POLICE BLOTTER ENTRY NR 101 DATED 13 SEP 2016 PD
PARA TWO PD ON OR ABOUT 0100H ON 14 SEP 2016 CMA THE MAIN DOOR OF THE HOUSE OF
SHIELA DE VERA CMA 21 YEARS OLD CMA AND ALPHA RESIDENT AT BARANGAY SISIL CMA
SERVANTES CMA ILOCOS NORTE PD SHE REPORTED TO THIS STATION THAT UNIDENTIFIED
SUSPECTS THREW FIVE STONES ABOUT 10 FEET IN DIAMETER HITTING THE SAID MAIN DOOR
AND DESTROYED IT PD SHE FURTHER STATED THAT SHE HAD AN EARLIER ARGUMENT WITH
LOU ANN YANKEE CRUZ CMA 22 YEARS OLD CMA SINGLE CMA AND ALPHA RESIDENT OF THE
SAID BRGY WHOM SHE SUSPECTED AS THE ONE WHO MIGHT HAVE STONED THE SAID MAIN
DOOR PD PARA THREE PD CASE IS UNDER INVESTIGATION AND PROGRESS REPORT WILL
FOLLOW PD IOC DASH PEMS ROLLY CARTAS WITH CP NR 09178897921 PARA FOUR RQST ACK
PD SGD ELMARK JAMES YORO CMA POLICE MAJOR CMA CHIEF OF POLICE PD BT

92 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics No. 1

Instruction: Write the number that makes the sentence incorrect. Write the correct answer
Example: My friend Paquito gave me his pain yesterday.
1 2    3  4 Answer: 4 = pen yesterday
1. The jeep that look like a bus travels to Bakun, Benguet.
1 2 3 4

2. Neither the suspect or the victims knows what to do.

1 2 3 4

3. All of the flour were use in baking a dozen bread.

1 2 3 4

4. The officer arrested the suspects, the victim could not be found.
1 2 3 4

5. Ten percent of the blood are donates to the hospital.

1 2 3 4

6. Please send equipment for us to use in our police operations.

1 2 3 4

7. These policies, not that, is acceptable in our organization.

1 2 3 4

8. In all sectors of this country economic crisis seem to worsen humanity.

1 2 3 4

9. Their is rudiments of life which you ought to know now.

1 2 3 4

10. He don’t knows that I am looking for her little dog.

1 2 3 4

11. A number of pupil enrolls in our school every year.

1 2 3 4

12. The judge which sentence you strong and heavy is probably crazy.
1 2 3 4

13. The personnels do’nt knows that they have to work patiently.
1 2 3 4

14. Anent your instruction, PO3 Juan traveled to Manila to submit our report.
1 2 3 4

15. The victim could not barely spoke because of his injury on his mouth.
1 2 3 4

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 93

Mental Calisthenics No. 2

Instruction: Write the number that makes the sentence incorrect. Write the correct answer
Example: Herman Pablo gave me her pen yesterday.
1 2 3 4 Answer: 3 = his
1. Juan have adviced his men to prepare their folders for promotion.
1 2 3 4

2. He told me that he will collect evidence and to file the complain.

1 2 3 4

3. In the majority of circumstances, he asks his men to eat bananas.

1 2 3 4

4. She has conclusively proved that Abu stole her car.

1 2 3 4

5. The patrol officer has promised that he will arrest the suspect.
1 2 3 4

6. The suspect has used a bolo in hacking Juan to death.

1 2 3 4

7. The scientist has missed a data in his report.

1 2 3 4

8. PEMS Juan told PLT Pedro yesterday that he will not report for duty.
1 2 3 4

9. He has arrested the suspect notwithstanding the fact that she had no gun.
1 2 3 4

10. The chief announced yesterday that they caught fourty one criminal.        
1 2 3 4

94 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics No. 3

Instruction: Change the underlined phrase to make it better

Example: Juan have appraised her men to prepared for promotion.

Answer: has informed his men to prepare

1. The number of chief of police always attends to the needs of there personnels.

2. Juan, together with her students, eats bananas and unripe apples.

3. Yesterday, Pat Pedro ask Juana if he submit there report to the provincial office.

4. Petra has been in college for ten (10) year: and he did not yet finished his coarse.

5. Pablo planned what to do, prepared the equipments for her to used and seeked the advise of a
lawyer.

6. As per order, I bringed with me my issued machine gun.

7. Primo, not her daughters rides in a jeep every day.

8. Big cats eat unripe bananas. Dogs does not.

9. She was about to commit suicide and she was crying incessantly.

10. Prima Pepito could not hardly accepts that he failed in English 5.

11. After checking, the result was encoded into the computer.

12. Fourty eight horse was batcher during the Adivay Festival.

13. PLT Juan Tamad report to her wife every week.

14. Whistles are used to deter crimes.

15. Notwithstanding the fact that she employed the use of her binocular, he did not see me.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 95

Mental Calisthenics No. 4

Instruction: Change the underlined phrase to make it better

Example: Culassa told himself that it is best to die than steel a apple.
Answer: herself that it is better to die than steal an
1. Juana stabbed Culas to death with a 24 inches sharp edge Buguias made knife he bought at the
public market.

2. Pedro, the suspect, was arrested yesterday for allegedly filching a small green mango.

3. There is now a clamor of the people for Chief PNP Curitan to resign from his post.

4. The law enforcer should ensure that he maintains peace and order in his community.

5. Pedro, Raul and she do’nt know how to handle the controversial issue.

6. Submitted herewith is the reports on the absences of our maintainance crew.

7. The batallion of soldier cried in view of the fact that they were told to resign.

8. Yesterday, she ran the 100 mile ran for ninty nine years old and above.

9. She, not me, don’t know that she were born on December 1999.

10. Having been in the police service for twenty (20) years, PCOL PEDRO finally promoted Pat Juan
Tamad.

11. Pat Ben Tumbling was told to begin to write the after-operation report.

12. They may try to asked theirselves if they deserves to passed English 5.

13. Some police executives do not plan. This is the reason they do not acheive their goals and
objectives.

14. Pat Primo’s duties include: patrolling Session Road, response to traffic accidents, and the
preservation of crime scenes.

15. PCpl Juan and Pat Pedro have Armalite rifles. They have revolvers. They have batons. They have
handcuffs. These equipment are necessary in the performance of their sworn duties.

96 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics No. 5

Instruction: Change the underlined phrase to make it better

Examples: 1. This toilet are temporary close.
Answer: is temporarily closed
2. Working harder, my chief recommended me for promotion.
Answer: My chief recommended me for promotion after I worked harder.
1. He don’t hardly gets passing grades at the College of Criminal Justice Education.

2. Yesterday, there three instructor advice them on how to pass English 5.

3. Students in the college should know how to constructed correct sentences, write police reports
and classifying documents.

4. Juan and pedro likes bananas. Both eat papayas. Each one likes apples. Each one eats guavas.
One really likes carrots. Carrots make the skin smooth.

5. Notwithstanding the fact that he was alone, he was able to arrest five (5) suspects.

6. PO3 Prima Tibo employed the use of his baton to arrest the top most wanted person.

7. The instructor should make it clear that he explains the topic well for the benefit of slow learners.

8. There has been reliable informations that the PNP chief will resign because of controversial issues.

9. The arrest of Bin Laden, the international terrorists, was made possible by concerned citizens.

10. On request by the chief, the five (5) equipments was issue to the Patrol Division.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 97

Mental Calisthenics No. 6

Instruction: Change the underlined phrase to make it better

Example: A batallion of policed officers are not enough to stop the Islamic State of  Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
Answer: battalion of police officers is not enough
1. Pedro, Culassa and me like to travelled to tourist spots around the world.
2. Was’nt Juan and Pedro knew about the incident that happened a while ago?
3. Whoever can consume ten pieces of unripe banana in ten second deserve recognition.
4. During the contest, they makes theirselves like beasts in the jungle.
5. None of the personnels of Station 7 likes to be transfer to the National Capital Region Police
Office.
6. A pair of robber glove are nessessary when doing dirty works inside the house.
7. One of our new motor vehicle use tuwenty five gallon of diesel oil yesterday.
8. I saw Juana, who was holding two young block cat, run as fastly as it could in order to avoid
Juan’s dog.
9. You and me should response to the easy questions of our instructor.
10. Their was a number of instance myself tried to do my best and get good grades.
11. Fourty five percent of the equipments do not have reciepts from the seller.
12. The teacher, together with the ninty (90) noisy student, always live the classroom five minutes
before the time.
13. I invite you to my birthday party because I will batchered tuwelve cow to eat the people.
14. Behind the tall male students stand a five-feet-tall lady in his usual jagging suit.
15. How many points did Juan Tamad, the man with a milion move, made during their game last
night?
16. Did’nt the police officer saw if the suspect returns to the crime scene?
17. The number of victim comes from Hungduan, the furthest municipality in Ifugao.
18. Neither the suspect or the witnesses known that the victims is a police officer.
19. Yesterday, one of the suspect which is carrying two deadly wepon, were founded dead.
20. Beside the pine tree his laptops inside a large yelow bug remain unoticed.
21. Have’nt the suspect saw how the crime was committed?
22. I suggest that she remains a bachelor untill the age of seventy nine.
23. Twenty percent of the water placed in two big container were drinked the students.
24. Did the crime committed of March 20, 2014 in #908 purok 5, Aurora Hill, Baguio City?
25. Was’nt the suspects firearms putted in there holster when you notice them at the crime scene?

98 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Mental Calisthenics No. 7

Instruction: Write the correct word/s being asked in each question.

1. In a table, what is used to eliminate repetition in column heads?

2. What punctuation is used to indicate possession, contraction, and some plurals?

3. This is used to separate parts of a table.

4. What type of pronoun is used to point out a specific person, place or thing?

5. Pedro also loves my monkey. How is “my monkey” used in the preceding sentence?

6. What is the tense that is used to express an action or condition that will occur?

7. What is the punctuation that is used when we make insertions in the writings of other people?

8. What is the degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs when we compare three or more
things or persons?

9. In a table or graph, what is the type of information you discovered about the topic?

10. What is the punctuation that is used at the beginning and at the end of a passage that contains
the exact words of someone else?

11. What is the introductory device used to enumerate, explain or extend an idea already introduced?

12. It shows the relationship of two variables by connecting points inside an X and a Y axis.

13. For either-or and neither-nor, what is the rule for the subject-predicate agreement?

14. What is used to indicate that words have been omitted from a quoted passage?

15. These are phrases that name each segment.

16. What is the small sample of each segment’s markings plus a brief identifying phrase?

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 99

Mental Calisthenics No. 8

Instruction: Change the underlined phrase to make it better

Example: A number of policeman responsed to the crime that happened yesterday.

Answer: of policemen responded

1. Does Juan, one of the noisy student, knows the correct answer?

2. Hasn’t Juan fulled by Culassa by pretending that she loved him very much?

3. Petra has concieve in her mine to kill his boyfriend.

4. The females’ toilet are temporary luck and we have nowhere to urinate.

5. Did the two police officer recieved there salaries on time?

6. Don’t she know of any ticnic on how to win the game?

7. I suggest that he sellects which is more shorter, to represent the college.

8. Juan, one of the protester, have two knifes tacked on his belly.

9. The number of childrens plays Sepak Takraw and volleyball.

10. Can Maria, the daughter of industrious parents, cooked food?

11. “There goes my perennial problems again”, said Juan Tamad.

12. Stephanie and me want to traveled because we have nothing to do.

13. They made for theirselves a hat for them to slept during nighttime.

14. Yesterday, he cutted fourty slise of loaf bread for her visitor.

15. Doesn’t Petra, a criminology students has a bolpen for the quiz?

16. I saw Pedro run across the road and hitted by a motorcycle.

17. One of the lady has drinked twenty one litters of fruit juice.

18. Didn’t the crime committed on June 20, 204?

19. She leaved Juan, which was his most closest boyfriend in the campus.

20. He’s pair of eyeglass was lost a while ago.

21. Culassa, the honor student, not his instractors, know the correct answer.

22. Ninety five percent of the oil was already consumed.

23. Juan had putted her paper in the table when the quiz ended.

24. Culassa, together with his fellow classmates, eats bananas and apples.

25. Was the crime happen in May last year?

100 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Chapter XI
Police Reports

Classification of Police Reports

1. Informal reports – it is usually a letter or memorandum, or any of one of the many prescribed
in day-to-day police operations. It could contain many items of administrative importance. Many
police reports may be placed in this category.

2. Formal reports – this suggests the full-dress treatment, including cover, title page, letter of
transmittal, introduction, summary sheet, text, conclusions, recommendations, appendices, index
and bibliography.

Classifications of Police reports according to purpose:

1. Performance report – contains information as to the status of an activity or operation.

2. Fact-finding report - involves the gathering and presentation of data in a logical order, without
attempt to draw conclusions.

3. Technical report – presents data on a specialized subject.

4. Problem-determining report – attempts to find out the causes of a problem or to find out whether
a problem really exists.

5. Problem-solution report – analyzes the thought processes that lie behind the solution of a
particular problem. It may include all of the elements found in the other types of reports, including
presentation of data collected, discussion of possible solutions to the problem, and an identification
of the best solution.

Categories of Police reports:

1. Operational reports – include those relating to the reporting of police incidents, investigations,
arrests, identification of persons, and miscellaneous reports necessary to the conduct of routine
operations.

2. Internal reports – relate to the reporting necessary to the management of police organization
and include financial reports, personnel reports, purchase reports, equipment report, property
maintenance reports, and general correspondence.

3. Technical report – present data on a specialized subject, but usually related to completed staff
work, and add to the specific knowledge necessary to proper police management.

4. Summary of information – furnish intelligence information necessary to the solution of crimes,

accidents and police administrative problems. It keeps executive and legislative authority, and the
general public informed of the problems, progress, and needs of the police organization.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 101

Types of Police reports:

1. Spot report – is done after an important incident takes place in a certain area at a given time. It is
done within 24 hours in order to inform the immediate chief because of the principle of command
responsibility. It is done using the memo form or the radiographic form.

2. Special report – is done either because one feel he has some reporting to do, or a lower police
unit is obligated based on directives.

Paragraphing a Special report:

a. Problem – it answers the question, what is the report all about?
b. Rationale – this presents details, explanations or specifications regarding the problem.
c. Action – it give the reader the idea of what to do after reading the report.

3. Progress report – this is a follow-up report to a report previously sent or it could be an

accomplishment report which may be analytical in nature and may be comparatively longer.

4. Investigation report – it is a report that is classified as Confidential and follows the  following
parts: AUTHORITY, MATTERS INVESTIGATED, FACTS OF THE CASE, DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSIONS, and RECOMMENDATIONS.

5.   Beat Inspection report – this I submitted by the beat supervisor after inspecting those on the
beat.

6.   After Patrol report – is submitted by the personnel on patrol immediately after their tour of duty.

7.   Situation report – this relates the present condition of a place or unit and could be submitted
daily, hourly or as the need arises.

102 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Chapter XII
Writing Clear, Appropriate Sentences

A sentence is made up of words and expresses a complete thought. In order to express a

complete thought, a sentence must contain a subject and a predicate. Without both the subject and the
predicate, it is just a sentence fragment.

The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea doing or being something. The predicate describes
the subject and starts with a verb.

Rules:

1. Never confuse one word for another. Observe the following sentences.
a. These chiefs of police do not have time to adhere to the needs of their subordinates.
b. Juan, one of the ten sons of my instructor, continuously eats bananas.
c. Please call up the Regional Training School for you to see how the training is conducted.
d. An union among a woman with another woman is not acceptable by Cordillerans.
e. Please advice Pat Don Juan to report to our Chief of Police.
f. Their is a house on top of the highest mountain.
g. The suspect had been appraised of his constitutional rights after he was apprehended.

2. Employ parallelism. Use parallel structure for coordinate elements. Coordinate elements are
connected by coordinating conjunctions (but, and, nor, or, for, so, yet) or are words, phrases, or
clauses that appear in a series.
a. Technical writers create memorandums, proposal, and manuals.
b. The chief PNP guarantees that he will replace the old system and to consider the new
proposal.
c. The chief PNP guarantees that he will replace the old system and consider the new
proposal.
d. The police officer’s duties include patrol, investigating crime scenes and how to arrest a
person who committed a crime.
e. The police officer’s duties include patrolling, investigating crime scenes and arresting a
person who committed a crime.
f. The police officer’s duties include patrol, investigation of crime scenes and the arrest of a
person who committed a crime.

3. Write sentences of 12-25 words. Short sentences become choppy, but very long sentences
become very hard to understand.

4. Avoid strings of choppy sentences. Compare the two sentences.

a. Both police officers have firearms. Both police officers have whistles. Each one has a night
stick. Each one has a handcuff. One has a flashlight. This flashlight enhances safety.
b. Both police officers have firearms, whistles, nightsticks and handcuffs. Only one has a
flashlight, which enhances safety.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 103

 5. Avoid noun clusters. Noun clusters are three or more nouns joined in a phrase. It makes reading
difficult. Compare the two sentences.
a. Allowing individual police officers absences during scheduled Monday flag raising
ceremonies will result in low morale in the PNP personnel.
b. We will have low morale if we allow PNP personnel to be absent during Monday flag
raising ceremonies.

6. Avoid nominalizations (verbs turned into nouns by adding a suffix such as –ion, -ity, -ment, -ness.
Express the true action with strong verbs. Compare the two sentences.
a. The training policy for all PNP personnel will have the requirement of the completion of an
initial one-year recruit course.
b. The training policy will require all PNP personnel to complete a one-year recruit course.

7. Avoid sexist language. Compare the two sentences.

a. The police officer must make sure that he arrests the perpetrator of the crime.
b. The police officer must make sure to arrest the perpetrator of the crime.

8. Use “There or Here” sparingly because the subject will be buried. Compare the two sentences.
a. There is now a positive perception of the people toward the PNP leadership that could
decrease the incidence of crimes.
b. Crimes will decrease with the positive perception of the people toward the PNP leadership.
c. The positive perception of the people toward the PNP leadership will decrease crimes.

9. Place the main idea first. Compare the two sentences.

a. The implementation of the Police Operational Procedures, which is made mandatory to all
police officers, is the most important thing I will do.
b. The most important thing I will do is to implement the Police Operational Procedures,
which is made mandatory to all police officers.

10. Use normal word order (subject-verb-object). This makes the sentence clearer, easier and more
concise. Compare the two sentences.
a. The PNP Standard Operating Procedures describe the process by which police operations
are properly conducted.
b. Police operations are properly conducted in a process described by the PNP Standard
Operating Procedures.
11. Use “You” correctly. Compare the two sentences.
a. The quality of performance – that is, the amount of quality you can have and still remain
competitive - is very important.
b. The quality of performance – that is, the amount of quality the PNP can have and still
remain competitive - is very important.

12. Use the Active Voice. The active voice emphasizes the performer of the action rather than the
receiver.
a. Mr. Navalta eats bananas.
b. The bananas were eaten by Mr. Navalta.

104 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Guidelines in changing passive to active:

1) Move the person acting out of a prepositional phrase.

Passive The suspect in the killing incident was arrested yesterday by SPOl Don Juan from a tip by
a student of the University of the Cordilleras.

Active SPO1 Don Juan arrested the suspect in the killing incident yesterday from a tip by a
student of the University of the Cordilleras.

2) Supply a subject (a person or an agent)

Passive The police operation was carried out yesterday.

Active PNP personnel of Station 2 carried out the police operation yesterday.

3) Substitute an active verb for a passive one

Passive The criminal investigator is sent to the PNP National Office.

Active The criminal investigator travels to the PNP National Office.

Use the Passive if it is accurate. Use the passive if you think that the receiver of the action is more
important than the doer of the action. Compare the following pairs of sentences.
a. Dogs are used in police operations.
b. The police use dogs in their operations.
c. You violated the PNP Code of Conduct and Ethical Standard by doing that.
d. The Police Operational Procedure is violated by that act.
e. Pieces of physical evidence are preserved by the fingerprint technician.
f. The fingerprint technician preserves the pieces of physical evidence.

13. Use specific words that could give life to a sentence.

a. The suspect used a motor vehicle in order to transport the box of jewels he stole from my
store.
b. The suspect used a yellow colored Toyota Tamaraw FX with Plate Number BMP 323 in
order to transport the box of jewels he stole from my store.
c. Bakun Municipal Police Station is in need of resources so that it could achieve one of its
goals and objectives of protecting lives and properties
d. Bakun Municipal Police Station is in need of twenty-one (21) M16 Armalite rifles so that it
could achieve one of its goals and objectives of protecting lives and properties.
e. Juan lifted the 5000-kilogram table and threw it outside the house that hit Culassa and
killed her on the spot.
f. Juan lifted the 500-kilogram table and hurled it outside the house that hit Culassa and
killed her on the spot.
g. Juan stabbed Culassa to death with a knife he bought at the public market yesterday.
h. Juan stabbed Culassa to death with a 24-inch double-bladed Kiangan-made knife he
bought at the public market yesterday.

14. Use the correct plural forms of nouns.

a. There are criterias you need to meet so that you can apply as a police officer. (criteria is

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 105

 the plural)
b. Several informations were received by the investigator from concerned citizens. (better
use information or pieces of information)
c. The ten police personnels involved in the crime will never be forgiven by the victims.
(personnel is plural and at the same time singular)
d. The brethrens sang loudly inside the church yesterday with their hands stretched out.
(brethren is the plural of brother just like child – children, but brothers could also be used)
e. Focus - foci

15. Names of PCOs are written all in capital letters while that of PNCOs, only the first letters are
capitalized.
a. PLT JUAN LUNA has commended PEMS Don Pedro for his effort of arresting Bin Laden.

16. Significant numbers are written in full and then the number written with open and close parenthesis.
a. Three (3) members of the dreaded Sine gang were arrested last week by Station 2.

17. Avoid misplaced modifiers. Rule: The modifier should be placed as near as practicable to the
word being modified.
a. Mrs. Juan laughed as her husband raged with delight.
Mrs. Juan laughed with delight as her husband raged.
b. I have an album showing photos of my family hidden in the basement.
I have an album hidden in the basement showing photos of my family.

18. Avoid squinting modifiers.

a. The cock the man patted lovingly bit at his arm.
The cock the man lovingly patted bit at his arm.
The cock the man patted bit lovingly at his arm.

19. Use the proper modifier. Remember, adjectives modify nouns and pronouns while adverbs modify
verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
a. This toilet is temporary closed. (wrong, temporary is an adjective)
b. This temporary toilet is for boys and girls. (correct)
c. This toilet is temporarily closed. (temporarily, an adverb modifies the verb closed)

20. Avoid dangling modifiers (phrase without any relation to the word it modifies) Rule: The phrase
should be followed by the noun to which it relates. Compare the two sentences.
a. Crying incessantly due to failure, words from God comforted Pedro. (wrong)
b. Crying incessantly due to failure, Pedro was comforted by words from God. (correct)
a. Working harder, my chief recommended me for promotion. (wrong)
b. Working harder, I was recommended for promotion by my chief.
c. My supervisor recommended me for promotion after I worked harder.
d. I was promoted when my chief recommended me for promotion after I worked harder.

21. The doer of the action must be indicated if a gerund that is the object of preposition is placed at
the beginning of a sentence.
a. After gathering all necessary information, the case was filed in court. (wrong, no doer)
b. After gathering all necessary information, the investigator filed the case in court. (correct)

106 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

22. If a possessive noun or possessive pronoun modifies the gerund, the proper possessive form
must be used.
a. My mother objects to me joining the PNP SAF. (wrong)
b. My mother objects to my joining the PNP SAF. (correct)
c. My mother objects to my decision of joining the PNP SAF.

23. Avoid double negatives. (no, not, hardly, barely, scarcely)

a. Pedro could not hardly breathe.
Pedro could hardly breathe.
Pedro could not breathe.
b. This store does not accept no credit cards.
c. The speaker was not barely audible.

24. Avoid faulty coordination.

Rule 1: put unrelated ideas into separate sentences.
a. I broke the glass, and my mother said I should have had it thrown weeks ago. (wrong)
b. I broke the glass. My mother said I should have had it thrown weeks ago.

Rule 2: put less important ideas into subordinate clause or phrase.

a. Our instructress appeared mentally confused, and she was staring at me. (wrong)
b. Staring at me, our instructress appeared mentally confused. (correct)

25. Avoid fragments( string of words that does not have a complete idea)
a. When love is new and the world is now reaching for you.
b. A mother eagle soaring the sky to hunt for its prey when it could find thousands of snakes
to eat on the ground.

26. Avoid run-ons. (two or more sentences incorrectly written as one)

a. Comma splice: The ladies wear skirts, the men do not.
b. Fused: The ladies wear skirts the men do not.

How to correct:
a. The ladies wear skirts, but the men do not.
b. The ladies wear skirts; the men do not.
c. The ladies wear skirts. The men do not.

27. Avoid slang and the colloquial level that uses tags or clipped forms.
a. Slang: boss, cop
b. Tags: kind of, sort of, a lot of, lots of
c. Clipped: jeep, bike, prof, doc, memo, aircon, etc.

28. Avoid jargons (per or as per, anent)(meaning: about, regarding or concerning) to start your
communication.
a. As per instruction, we will go home.
b. As instructed, we will go home. (correct)
c. Anent your request, I instructed Juan to bring you the needed firearms.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 107

 d. Regarding your request, I instructed Juan to bring you the needed firearms. (correct)

29. Avoid contradictions.

a. The committee will come up with a more or less conclusive pattern.
b. My humble friend thinks he is the most handsome man on earth.

30. Be consistent with the tense of the verb

a. Teofilo boxed Culassa on his face, kick him three (3) times, and run away toward Marcos
Highway. (wrong)
b. Teofilo boxed Culassa on his face, kicked him three (3) times, and ran away toward Marcos
Highway. (correct)

31. Use the correct past tense of the irregular verbs.

a. Culassa seeked the advice of her father whether to pursue BS Criminology at the University
of the Cordilleras.
b. Pepito bringed a kitten into the room yesterday.
c. When the finger was cutted and putted into the solution …

32. Use the word whether and not the word if in order to introduce noun clauses used as the direct
object.
a. Please ask the investigator if Pat Juan submitted our report. (wrong)
b. Please ask the investigator whether Pat Juan submitted our report. (correct)
c. You will pass English 4 if you study wisely.

33. Properly use punctuations.

a. PEMS Juan, the most experienced investigator went to the crime scene; but he did not
arrest the perpetrator. (wrong)
b. PEMS Juan, the most experienced investigator went to the crime scene, but he did not
arrest the perpetrator. (correct)

34. Make the subject and the verb agree with each other.
a. Miss Tim, together with her handsome boyfriends, walks gracefully every morning at
Session Road.
b. The criteria of passing BS Criminology at the University of the Cordilleras are quite severe.

35. Make the pronoun and its antecedent agree with each other.
a. Neither the boy nor his instructors like to eat unripe bananas and apples.
b. A number of bank employees always attend to the needs of their clients.
c. Culassa, a professional boxer, knocked his husband down on the concrete pavement.
(wrong)
d. Raul, my dog, likes to play with his younger sister.

36. Use This or These properly. This is a pronoun or adjective, so it must refer to a noun. It is better
to put a noun after this or these so that it will be clear we refer to it.
a. Some college students usually rush in their preparation for examinations. This is the
reason many fail in their subjects.
b. Some college students usually rush in their preparation for examinations. This habit
makes them fail their subjects.

108 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Chapter XIII
Reports Prepared by Investigators

Police Blotter – is a record of daily events occurring within the territory and jurisdiction of a
given police unit or command. It contains material details concerning the event for legal and statistical
purposes.

Form and size – the police blotter shall be a record book with hard cover and shall be 12 inches
by 16 inches in size.

Writing a police blotter entry - before deciding to write reported information inside the police
blotter, police officers, especially rookies or those who are not used to recording information inside police
blotters, should get a piece of paper, jot down all 5 Ws and 1 H, answer them all, and then construct the
paragraph. Afterward, the immediate supervisor should check it before it is finally written into the police
blotter in order to minimize errors because he could be equally held accountable to the police blotter
entry, together with the police officer who made the blotter entry.

The duty of the police investigator is to gather all pertinent information regarding the incident.
Thus, it is premature and inappropriate to state in the police blotter entry or in the spot report that the
crime happened is murder, homicide, theft, robbery, malicious mischief or whatever because the proper
classification of the crime has not yet been established. In addition, the police officer is not in the right
position to say so unless there is an endorsement from the prosecution. What the police officer should
do is to describe in detail how the crime was committed. For example; if the officer has in mind that the
crime committed is robbery because of the presence of force upon things and or violence or intimidation
against person, what he has to do is to describe how the robbery or the force upon things or the violence
or intimidation against person happened. Hence, it is better if the officer will just state in his report:

“Juan Tamad y Talaga Jr., 29 years old, married, a grade 3 dropout and a resident at #3
Purok 2, Kiangan St., Hingyon, Benguet, while under the influence of intoxicating liquor,
went to the house of Miss Pipita Juan at #9 Raul St., Hingyon, Benguet and seeing that
there was no person inside the house, forcefully destroyed the back door of said house
by means of a crow bar and a hydraulic jack , went inside and took ten (10) 14-inch brand
new Acer laptops with a total estimated cost of Three hundred thousand (300,000) pesos,
moved out from said house and ran away toward Session Rd.”…

In robbery, the manner of destroying any part of the house that constitutes the “force upon things”
and using it as entrance should be clearly described. The same should be done if the robbery was
committed with violence or intimidation against person.

Police officers should not anticipate the opinion of the prosecution. For example; in a report, the
police officer stated that “the suspect committed the crime of murder because of the presence of the
qualifying circumstances of treachery and evident premeditation.” What the officer should have done was
to clearly describe how the treachery or evident premeditation happened. So if the suspect approached
the victim from behind and attacked him immediately without giving him the opportunity to defend himself,
then this should be the fact that should be well described in the report.

Whenever personal properties are involved in a crime like in robbery, theft or malicious mischief,
the approximate worth of the properties should be indicated because the worth is sometimes important
in the determining the penalty of certain offenses.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 109

 In crimes against chastity, the real names of the victims and suspects, especially minors are
withheld in order to protect their dignity.

The following are incidents or transactions to be entered into the police blotter:

1. Violations of laws and ordinances reported and recorded.

2. All calls in which any member of the PNP is dispatched or takes official action.
3. All fire alarms, report and information received by the station.
4. Movements of prisoners with corresponding notations on the authority for such movements.
5. Cases of missing and found persons, animals and properties.
6. Vehicular and other types of accidents, which require police action.
7. All personal injuries, bodies found, and suicides.
8. Damage to properties.
9. All cases in which a police member is involved.
10. All arrests and returns made.
11. Miscellaneous cases, general and special orders, violations of rules and regulations.
12. Any other reportable incident that the chief or higher authority desires to be recorded.

Procedures in making entries into the Police blotter:

1. All entries into the police blotter shall be handwritten in clear, concise and simple manner but must
answer as far as practicable the 5 Ws and 1 H.
2. Only facts are entered into the blotter.
3. No erasures shall be made on the entries. Corrections are made by drawing a horizontal line
across such word or phrase and initialed by the police officer making the correction.
4. A ball pen or pen with blue, black or blue-black ink is used for making the entries.
5. Misrepresentation in the blotter or any attempt to suppress any information is punishable criminally
and administratively.
6. All entries must be legibly written in longhand and consecutively numbered.
7. Every page of the blotter shall be consecutively and chronologically filled up. No line or space
shall be left blank between any two entries.
8. Any development of the case to be reflected in the blotter shall be a new entry at the time and day
it was reported. A reference to the previous entry number of the case should be made.
9. During every shift, the duty sergeant under the supervision of the duty officer or complaint desk
officer shall make the actual entries on the blotter and at the end of their tour of duty, both shall
sign the police blotter.

Essential elements a Police Blotter Entry

Who –
What –
When –
Where –
Why –
How –
Motive –
Officer on case –
110 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
 ENTRY NO. DATE TIME EVENTS/INCIDENTS DISPOSITION

Examples of a Police Blotter Entry:

On or about 4:30 o’clock in the afternoon on September 27, 2013 inside Room S503, University of the
Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Road, Bakun, Benguet, Juan Tamad y Talaga alias Junjun, 45 years old, single,
a 2nd year student of the College of Criminology and a resident at #34 Honey Rd, Baguio City stabbed
three (3) times at his back Emilio Luna y Aguinaldo, 65 years old, a college instructor of the same school
mentioned above and a resident at #5 Rimando Rd., Baguio City. Jose Rizal y Mercado, 35 years old,
a third year student of the same college and school and a resident at Poblacion Dos, Bakun, Benguet
stated when he reported the incident to this police station that he was sitting in front Mr. Luna, who
was then busy checking quiz papers, when he saw Juan Tamad, with a 24-inch-long, double-bladed
Kapangan-made knife in his right hand, approached Mr. Luna from behind and without any word, stabbed
him on his back three (3) times. He further stated that when the victim (Mr. Luna) dropped on the floor,
he (Juan) kicked him on his body two (2) times, spat on his face and ran away while saying, “dayta ti
gungunam nga babaero.” Jose then asked the help from other students and they brought the victim to
the Baguio General Hospital, but he was declared dead on arrival by the attending physician. Motive:
jealousy. Officer on-case: PMSg Don Pedro. (initial of the officer who wrote the police blotter entry)

ON OR ABOUT 3:10 O’CLOCK IN THE MORNING ON SEPTEMBER 13, 2020, PEPITO MANALOTO,
25 YEARS OLD, MARRIED, A LAW STUDENT AT UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES AND A
RESIDENT AT BARANGAY MALIGAYA, FAIRVIEW, QUEZON CITY STATED WHEN HE REPORTED
THE INCIDENT TO THIS STATION THAT HE NOTICED WHEN HE ARRIVED AT THEIR HOUSE THAT
THE DOOR KNOB OF THE DOOR WAS BROKEN. WHEN HE ENTERED, HE FOUND OUT THAT
THEIR APPLIANCES WERE MISSING: A 42-INCH SAMSUNG TV, SAMSUNG DVD, REFRIGERATOR,
OVEN TOASTER, WASHING MACHINE, SAMSUNG AIR CONDITIONER, SAMSUNG LAPTOP AND
JEWELS INCLUDING CASH MONEY IN THE AMOUNT OF FIFTY THOUSAND (50,000) PESOS
WHICH WAS PLACED INSIDE A LOCKED STEEL CABINET. THE PERPETRATOR WAS IDENTIFIED
WHEN THE CCTV FOOTAGES WERE REVIEWED BY THE NAME OF ELMER DULAS ALIAS BUTIKI,
19 YEARS OLD, SINGLE AND A RESIDENT AT #7 BARANGAY MALUNGKOT, FAIRVIEW, QUEZON
CITY. MOTIVE: PERSONAL GAIN. DISPOSITION: CASE IS UNDER FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION.
OFFICER ON CASE: PEMS DON PEDRO.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 111

The following example of a police blotter entry is full of errors. If you are the immediate supervisor, how
would you improve it?

On or about 2:30 o’clock in the morning on September 12, 2020 inside his house near of his basement
at Barangay Rivadaira, Narvacan, Ilocos Sur, Ronald y Cabanilla alias Onad, 31 years old, married, a
houseboy and a resident at Barangay Orence, Narvacan, Ilocos Sur robbed (1) cavan of rice with the use
of his tricycle. Elvis y Cachola, 54 years old a businessman and a resident at Rivadavia, Narvacan, Ilocos
Sur stated when he reported the incident to this police station that he was laying in his bed and hear
his dog long barking he was switching on the light outside the house, he saw Ronald Cabanilla getting
outside the basement with (1) one cavan of rice and he put it to his block motoposh motor with color green
side car. Motive; poverty, Disposition, case is under follow-up investigation. Officer in case; PMsg Don
Pedro, (initial of the officer who wrote the police blotter entry)

Mental Calisthenics

1. What is the size of the official police blotter?

2. It contains information as to the status of an activity or operation.

3. What is the writing instrument used in police blotter entry?

4. This presents details, explanations or specifications regarding the problem.

5. What should be used instead of the words “notwithstanding the fact that”?

1. It involves the gathering and presentation of data in a logical order, without attempt to draw
conclusions.

2. It include those relating to the reporting of police incidents, investigations, arrests, identification of
persons, and miscellaneous reports necessary to the conduct of routine operations.

3. It relates to the reporting necessary to the management of police organization and includes
financial reports, personnel reports, purchase reports, equipment report, property maintenance
reports, and general correspondence.

4. She ride an jeep every day. (this sentence is wrong. Write the correct one)

5. These is the reason why I am here. (This sentence is wrong. Write the correct one)
6. How do you make corrections in your police blotter entry?

Improve the following example of a police blotter entry

At around 2:35 o’clock P.M. Pablo Batuta alias Pogi while he walk on session Road in May 2, 2013. He
meat 3 female people and instantly with out any cause or reasons slapped themself in there feces and
rans away towards the direction of Gov. Pack road. Ms. Culassa Pedro, one of the victim seeked help and
report on this police station. Pat Juan Tamad which is of patrol on burnham park was called on and he
was immediately responded. He was cathched Pablo Batuta on the lower part of session rd and bringed
him on the police station to meat his accusators. At the police station, Ms. Pedro, together with the other
two (2) victim positively identify Pablo as the mail person who slaps theirselves. In this connection, chief
of police Ben Tumatumbling have find out that Pablo Batuta is hopefully sick in his mine. But the case of
slaping feces is ready to have filed against the court by the three (3) victim. Motive. Jealosie.

112 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Benguet Provincial Police Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : The Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Spot Report

Date : September 27, 2020

1. References:
a. Police blotter entry no. 67 dated September 27, 2020; and
b. Standard Operating Procedure.

2. Please be informed that on or about 4:30 o’clock in the afternoon on September 27, 2020 inside
Room S503, University of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Road, Bakun, Benguet, Juan Tamad y Talaga
alias Junjun, 45 years old, single, a 2nd year student of the College of Criminology and a resident
at #34 Honey Rd, Baguio City stabbed three (3) times at his back Emilio Luna y Aguinaldo, 65
years old, a college instructor of the same school mentioned above and a resident at #5 Rimando
Rd., Baguio City. Initial investigation disclosed that Jose Rizal y Mercado, 35 years old, a third
year student of the same college and school and a resident at Poblacion Dos, Bakun, Benguet
was sitting in front of Mr. Luna, who was then busy checking quiz papers, when he saw Juan
Tamad, with a Buguias-made double-bladed knife in his right hand, approached Mr. Luna from
behind and without any word, stabbed him on his back three (3) times and when the victim, Mr.
Luna, dropped on the floor, he (Juan) kicked him on his body two (2) times, spat on his face
and ran away while saying, “dayta ti gungunam nga babaero.” Investigation further disclosed
that the suspect has been suspecting that the victim and Culassa, his wife, have had an illicit
sexual relation. Investigation finally disclosed that the victim was brought to the Baguio General
Hospital by concerned students but he was declared dead on arrival by the attending physician.
Disposition: case is under follow-up investigation. Officer on case: PEMS Don Pedro.

3. Request acknowledge receipt.

       (signature)
NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR.
Police Major

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 113

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

LAOAG CITY POLICE STATION

Laoag City, Ilocos Norte

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Ilocos Norte Police Provincial Office
Laoag City, Ilocos Norte

Attn. Chief Inves Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Spot Report

Date : September 14, 2020

1. References:
a. Police blotter entry no. 72 dated September 14, 2020;
b. Standard Operating Procedure.

2. Please be informed that on or about 2300H in the evening on

September 12, 2020 at Brgy. 12 D. Masarsarakan St., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines, Pedro
Pendejo y Penduko, 25 years old, single, a 2nd year HRM student and a resident at brgy.54 D.
Mayawawan St., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte sexually assaulted Janet Lim y Napoles, 19 years old,
single, a 1st year nursing student and a resident at Brgy. 22 Mapukpukaw St. Laoag City, Ilocos
Norte. Initial investigation disclosed that Ms. Lim was attending a birthday party of her friend Pacito
Diaz at the address stated above when after consuming two (2) bottles of 500-ml Red Horse
beer, the suspect Pedro Pendejo forcefully dragged her to a vacant room wherein he removed
her clothes and touched her breasts and vagina. The victim tried to defend herself by kicking,
slapping, and scratching the suspect but was overpowered. Investigation further disclosed that
the suspect and the victim had a previous sexual relationship which turned sour because of the
sadistic attitude of the suspect. Investigation finally disclosed that the victim was able to run away
from the suspect after kicking him on his balls. Disposition: Case is under follow-up investigation.
Officer-on-case: PMsg Laila De Opat.

3. Request acknowledge receipt.

Rocky U. Villarosa
ROCKY U VILLAROSA
Police Major

114 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Try to improve this.

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

SOLSONA MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

BRGY. JUAN SOLSONA ILOCOS NORTE

MEMORANDUM

FOR : THE PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR

ILOCOS NORTE POLICE PROVINCIAL OFFICE
ATTN, CHIEF INVES DIV.

SUBJECT : SPOT REPORT

DATE : SEPTEMBER 14, 2020

1. REFERENCE: POLICE BLOTTER ENTRY NO. 12 DATED SEPTEMBER 14, 2020

2. ON OR ABOUT 6 O’CLOCK IN THE MORNING LOU ANN DUMLAO, 21 YEARS OLD, SINGLE,
AND A RESIDENT OF BRGY. JUAN, SOLSONA, ILOCOS NORTE. REPORTED TO THIS
STATION THAT SHE WAS FORCIBLY AND SEXUALLY ABUSED BY FERRER CRUZ Y TAMAD,
30 YEARS OLD, WIDOW, AND A RESIDENT OF BRGY. BARCELONA, SOLSONA, ILOCOS
NORTE. ACCORDING TO THE VICTIM, SHE’S WALKING AT KALYE NASIPNGET. AT ABOUT
11:00 O’CLOCK IN THE EVENING AFTER HIS WORK. UPON SHE REACHED THE DARK
SIDE OF THE ROAD THE SUSPECT GRAB AND POIINTED HIM A KITCHEN KNIFE AND SAID
“WAG KANG GAGALAW, HUBARIN MO ANG DAMIT MO, KUNG AYAW MONG MAMATAY.
BEACAUSE OF THE FEAR THE VICTIM FOLLWED THE DEMAND OF THE SAID SUSPECT.
AND THE SUSPECT HAD SEXXUAL INTERCOURSE WITH THE VICTIM. SHE FURTHER
STATED THAT AFTER THE INCIDENT THE SUSPECT LEFT LOU ANN WITH THE WORD “WAG
KANG MAGSUSUMBONG BABALIKAN KITA’’. DISPOSITION: CASE IS UNDER FOLLOW-UP
INVESTIGATION –ON-CASE: PMSG RANNIE CARTAS.

3. REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE.

JACKONG MAPANAO JR.

POLICE MAJOR

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 115

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Benguet Provincial Police Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Progress Report

Date : October 1, 2020

1. References:
a. Police blotter entry no. 67 dated September 27, 2020; and
b. Spot Report dated September 27, 2020.

2. Please be informed that PEMS Primitivo Simplicio, when he led a team of criminal investigators to
the crime scene regarding the stabbing incident happened on or about 4:30 o’clock in the afternoon
on September 27, 2020 inside Room S503, University of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Road, Bakun,
Benguet, was able to collect sets of fingerprints as well as blood samples. In addition, the team
also recovered inside a trashcan on the hallway at the second floor of S building the alleged
weapon the suspect used in the crime – a 20-inch Ibaloi-made double-bladed knife. These pieces
of evidence were submitted to the PNP Regional Crime Laboratory Office, Camp Dangwa, La
Trinidad, Benguet for examination.

3. Request acknowledge receipt.

NANDREF B ODNAN, JR.

Police Major

116 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Benguet Provincial Police Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Final Report

Date : October 16, 2020

1. References:
a. Police blotter entry no. 67 dated September 27, 2020;
b. Spot Report dated September 27, 2020; and
c. Progress Report dated October 1, 2020.

2. After this office has gathered all necessary pieces of evidence and the testimonies of the witnesses,
a case of Murder, defined and penalized under Article 28 of the Revised Penal Code was filed with
the Benguet Provincial Prosecutors Office, La Trinidad, Benguet against the suspect Juan Tamad
y Talaga alias Junjun, 45 years old, single, a 2nd year student of the College of Criminology and
a resident at #34 Honey Rd, Baguio regarding the stabbing incident happened on or about 4:30
o’clock in the afternoon on September 27, 2020 inside Room S503, University of the Cordilleras,
Gov. Pack Road, Bakun, Benguet for their further study, evaluation and final disposition.

3. Request acknowledge.

NANDREF B. ODNAN, SR.

Police Major

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 117

Republic of the Philippines)
Province of Benguet ) S.S.
Municipality of Bakun )

JOINT AFFIDAVIT OF ARREST

We, PCAPT JUAN TAMAD y TALAGA, 35 years old, married and a resident at #32 Harrison Rd.,
Bakun, Benguet and PCpl Ben Tuma y Tumbling, 45 years old, single and a resident at #11 Honey Rd.,
Bakun, Benguet, after having been duly sworn to under oath and in accordance with law hereby depose
and state the following to wit:

That we are bonafide members of the Philippine National Police and are assigned
with the Patrol Division of Precinct 2, Bakun Municipal Police Station, Magsaysay Ave.,
Bakun, Benguet with a tour of duty from 6:00 o’clock in the afternoon until 6:00 o’clock in
the morning;

That on September 15, 2020 at around 8:00 o’clock in the evening, when we were
patrolling Upper Session Road, Bakun, Benguet, we saw a decently clothed man running
down from Gov. Pack Road with a knife in his right hand;

That thinking the man might have just committed a crime, we ran after him and
when about ten (10) meters away, we shouted three (3) times at him to stop and when he
looked back and saw us running after him, he increased his speed proceeding toward the
Public Market;

That he was running faster than us and we thought he might elude us, but when
he was about to turn right, he accidentally stepped on a ripe mango, slipped and fell with
the back portion of his head hardly hitting the concrete pavement;

That because of the accident, he became unconscious with blood coming out from
a wound on his head, so we radioed our mobile patrol car for us to bring him to the hospital
for medical treatment;

That while waiting for our patrol car, two security guards from the University of the
Cordilleras, Bakun, Benguet arrived and told us that the person we were running after was
the one who stabbed to death his fellow student Jose Rizal y Mercado inside Rm. S601
of said school;
That we brought the person, who was identified by one of the security guards, and
by means of his school identification card as Simplicio Primo y Tibo, to the Bakun General
Hospital where he regained his consciousness, and treated of his injury on the head;

That when we brought Simplicio Primo to our police station, we saw that Josefa
Rizal, the wife of the victim Jose Rizal, was there ready to file criminal charges against
Mr. Primo, so we turned him over to PMAJ PETER BRIGHT, the Chief of the Investigation
Division;

That we are executing this affidavit freely and voluntarily to attest to the foregoing.

AFFIANTS FURTHER SAYETH NONE.

118 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 In witness hereof, we hereunto set our hands this 15th day of October 2020 at Bakun, Benguet.

JUAN T. TAMAD BEN T. TUMA

Police Captain Police Corporal
Arresting Officer Arresting Officer

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this 15th day of October 2020 at Precinct 2, Bakun
Municipal Police Station, Bakun, Benguet.

ANDRES D. SAYA
Police Superintendent
Chief of Police

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 119

SWORN STATEMENT OF JUAN TAMAD y TALAGA EXECUTED BEFORE PEMS BEN TUMBLING
INSIDE THE INVESTIGATION ROOM, BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION, BAKUN, BENGUET IN
THE PRESENCE OF HIS LAWYER, ATTY. PEDRO TALO BY WAY OF QUESTION AND ANSWER IN
THE ENGISH LANGUAGE AND CAREFULLY INTERPRETED INTO THE IBALOI DIALECT WHICH
THE AFFIANT FULLY SPEAKS AND UNDERSTANDS THIS 15TH DAY OF OCTOBER 2020.

PRELIMINARY: Mr. Juan Tamad, I would like to inform you that you are under investigation in connection
with the killing incident that happened inside Room S601, University of the Cordilleras, Bakun,
Benguet. But before asking you any question, I would like to inform you of your constitutional rights
under our 1987 Philippine Constitution: You have the right to remain silent, and to be assisted by
a counsel of your own choice. If you cannot afford to hire one, and you want to be assisted by a
counsel, this office will provide you with a lawyer free of charge. Any statement that you will make
can be used for or against you in any court of law in the Philippines. Is this clearly understood by
you?

Answer: Yes sir.

Question: Having been informed of your rights under the Constitution to remain silent, do you wish to
proceed with this investigation?
Answer: Yes sir.
Question: Do you also wish to be assisted by a counsel of your own choice?
Answer: Yes sir. My counsel is Atty. Pedro Talo of the Panalo-Talo Law Office.
Question: Are you ready to give a free and voluntary statement?
Answer: Yes sir.

1. Q: Please state your name and other personal circumstances.

A. I am Juan Tamad y Talaga, 45 years old, married, a criminology student of the University of the
Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Rd., Bakun, Benguet and a resident at #23 Bakobako St., Bakun, Benguet.
Q: What is your highest educational attainment?
A: I was only a grade 2 dropout from the Haba Primary School, Bakun, Benguet.

2. Q: What is your highest educational attainment?

A: I am a grade 2 dropout from the Jack Ammo Primary School, Hingyon, Ifugao

3. Q: What prompted you to be here this morning?

A: I am here to give my testimony regarding the death of my classmate Jose Rizal y Mercado.

4. Q: Who killed Jose Rizal?

A: Pinoy Lapulapu killed my classmate Jose Rizal.

5. Q: When and where did the incident happen?

A: The incident happened inside Rm. S601 at the University of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Rd.,
Bakun, Benguet at around 8:00 o’clock in the evening on October 15, 2020.

6. Q: Do you know why Pinoy killed Jose Rizal?

A: Pinoy has been suspecting that his wife Penay Lapulapu has an illicit sexual relationship with
Jose Rizal.

7. Q: Please narrate in brief how the incident happened.

A: At about 8:00 o’clock in the evening on October 15, 2020 inside Room S601 at the University
of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Rd., Bakun, Benguet, we were having our class in Introduction to
Criminology when Pinoy suddenly came in, shouted at Jose, stabbed him when he was about to

120 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 stand and kicked him on his sexual organ and spat three (3) times on his face when he sprawled
on the floor then immediately left.

8. Q: What kind of weapon did Pinoy use in stabbing Jose to death?

A: Pinoy used a long pointed Buguias-made knife in stabbing Jose to death.

9. Q: What do you mean when you said that Pinoy suddenly came in?
A: Our class started at 6:50 o’clock in the evening and I noticed that Pinoy was absent but after
around fifteen (15) minutes, I saw him peeping at the back of the room. I was shocked when I saw
him entered and stabbed Jose five (5) times.

10. Q: Didn’t Jose see Pinoy when he entered Room S601?

A: Jose did not see Pinoy when he entered the room because Jose’s back was toward the door
as we were then having a group activity.

11. Q: Wasn’t Jose given any chance to defend himself?

A: Jose was not given any chance to defend himself because he was stabbed when he was about
to stand and when he was able to face Pinoy, Pinoy again stabbed him four (4) more times.

12. Q: What part of Jose’s body was hit by Pinoy?

A: Jose was hit on his side and front upper body.

13. Q: In Question No. 5, you said that Pinoy has been suspecting that his wife has had an illicit
sexual relationship with Jose. How did you know of this?
A: They are both my friends. Pinoy has told me to tell Jose to stop seeing His (Pinoy) wife or else
he will kill him.

14. Q: Did you tell Jose to stop seeing Pinoy’s wife?

A: I talked to him on October 10, 2020 to stop seeing Pinoy’s wife but he vehemently denied that
they had an illicit sexual relationship.

15. Q: Did you talk to Pinoy after talking to Jose?

A: I had no chance to talk to Pinoy because he has been absent since October 11, 2020.

16. Q: Did Pinoy utter any word before he entered or while entering the room where you were having
your class?
A: He did not utter any word that was why only a few of us saw how he stabbed Jose to death.

17. Q: Where were you sat when you saw Pinoy attacked Jose?
A: I was sat just opposite Jose as we were in a circle in a group of five students.

18. Q: What part of the room your group sat?

A: Our group was sat nearest to the entrance.

19. Q: When Pinoy was hurriedly leaving, what did you hear him tell?
A: He kept on repeating the words, “dayta ti gungunam nga babaero.”

20. Q: Did he leave the knife he used inside the room?

A: He took with him the knife but he left five (5) handwritten love letters.

21. Q: To whom were these love letters for?

A: The salutation was placed as “My Everdearest One” and the Complimentary close, “Yours
Forever.”

22. Q: So who do you think was the addressee and the writer of said love letters?
A: It seemed the handwriting of Jose but I am not sure of the addressee.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 121

 23. Q: How did Pinoy leave the letters inside Room S601?
A: Pinoy did not realize that the letters fell from his shirt’s pocket when he bent to spit on the face
of Jose.

24. Q: What did you do to Jose after Pinoy left?

A: I found a security guard outside the room and told him of what happened. Together with our
instructress, they brought Jose to the Bakun General Hospital but he was declared dead on
arrival.

25. Q: What did you do to the love letters?

A: I submitted them to the police officers who came to process the crime scene.

26. Q: As a criminology student, what did you do to protect the crime scene?
A: When all the students went out from the room just after the incident and Jose was brought to
the hospital, I made it sure that nobody entered until the police arrived.

27. Q: The investigator has nothing to ask you at present, do you have more to say to add or retract
from your statement?
A: I received a text message from Pinoy warning me that if I will testify against him, he will kill me
also.

28. Q: In your honest opinion, did you give a free and voluntary statement?
A: Yes sir.

29. Q: Are you willing then to affix your signature in this statement of yours consisting of seven (7)
pages including this last page in order to attest to the truthfulness of same?
A: Yes sir.

JUAN T. TAMAD, JR.

(Affiant)

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this 15th day of October 2020 at Bakun Police Station,
Bakun, Benguet.

PEDRO L. BRIGHT, III

Police Major
Chief of Police

CERTIFICATION

This is to Certify that I have personally examined the herein affiant and have been satisfied that
he voluntarily and freely gave his statement and understood the same.

PEDRO L. BRIGHT, III

Police Major
Chief of Police

122 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

In Compliance with Sec. 12, Art. III of the 1987 Constitution, the following is a sample format for the sworn
statement of a person who waives his rights, especially that of the suspect.

SWORN STATEMENT OF JUAN TAMAD y TALAGA EXECUTED BEFORE PEMS BEN TUMBLING
INSIDE THE INVESTIGATION ROOM, BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION, BAKUN, BENGUET IN
THE PRESENCE OF PMAJ PEDRO TALO BY WAY OF QUESTION AND ANSWER IN THE ENGISH
LANGUAGE AND CAREFULLY INTERPRETED INTO THE IBALOI DIALECT WHICH THE AFFIANT
FULLY SPEAKS AND UNDERSTANDS THIS 15TH DAY OF OCTOBER 2020.

PRELIMINARY: Mr. Juan Tamad, You are being informed that you are under investigation for your
involvement in the commission of an offense. You are reminded that under our New Constitution,
you have the right to remain silent and to be assisted by a counsel of your own choice. If you
cannot afford to hire one, and you want to be assisted by a counsel, this office will provide you
with a lawyer free of charge. Any statement that you will make can be used for or against you in
any court of law in the Philippines. Is this clearly understood by you?
Answer: Yes sir.
Question: Having been informed of your rights under the Constitution to remain silent, do you wish to
proceed with this investigation?
Answer: Yes sir.
Question: Do you also wish to be assisted by a counsel of your own choice?
Answer: I do not need the assistance of a counsel.
Question: You are also reminded that whatever statement you will give might be used against you. Is this
clearly understood by you?
Answer: Yes sir.
Question: In short, you are waiving your right to counsel in this investigation?
Answer: Yes sir.
Question: Are you willing to sign a waiver to that effect with the assistance of Atty. Dina Tatalo, who is
here present?
Answer: Yes sir.

CERTIFICATION/WAIVER

I Juan Tamad y Talaga, do hereby certify that before taking down my statements, the investigator
had fully explained my Constitutional Rights under Sec. 12, Art III of the New Constitution, which are fully
understood, and I hereby waive my aforesaid rights to remain silent and to be assisted by counsel in the
presence of and with the assistance of Atty. Dina Tatalo.

JUAN T. TAMAD
Affiant

Assisted by: DINA TATALO

Counsel

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 123

Question: Are you ready to give a free and voluntary statement?

Answer: Yes sir.

1. Q: Please state your name and other personal circumstances.

A. I am Juan Tamad y Talaga, 45 years old, married, a plumber with the  University of the Cordilleras,
Gov. Pack Rd., Bakun, Benguet and a resident at  #23 Bakobako St., Bakun, Benguet.

2. Q: What is your highest educational attainment?

A: I only finished Grade 3 at the O-ong Elementary School in 1961.

3. Q: Do you know why you are invited for questioning?

A: I am here to give my testimony regarding the death of my co-worker, Jose Rizal y Mercado.

91. Q: The investigator has nothing to ask you at present, do you have more to say to add or retract
from your statement?
A: I received a text message from Bonoy warning me that if I will testify, he will kill me.

92. Q: In your honest opinion, did you give a free and voluntary statement?
A: Yes sir.
93. Q: Are you willing to sign this statement of yours consisting of seven (7) pages including this last
page, and affirm under oath to the truthfulness of same?
A: (The answer to this question should not be typed by the investigator, but should be handwritten
by the suspect or witness; hence, a space should be provided for the affiant to write the following
statement: “Yes sir, I have read this statement of mine consisting of seven (7) pages and it is the
truth. I made it on my own free will, without any threats or promises having been made to me by
anyone.”)

Reminders for the Investigator:

a) Regarding Question No. 2 (What is your highest educational attainment?)

At the trial, the accused may try to destroy the validity of the confession by alleging that the
investigator has put the words into his mouth. One effective measure to meet such defense is the practice
of incorporating in the confession a number of questions calling for answers known only to the accused.

b) Regarding Question No. 3 (Why are you here?)

If the subject is innocent or ignorant of the particular offense under investigation, but guilty of
another offense (not under investigation) or in possession of pertinent information concerning such
offense, a “do you know why you are here” question may result in a lead to the solution of the latter
offense.

c) The sworn statement of suspects and witnesses should contain errors in every page intentionally
committed by the investigator, and while reviewing his statement, his attention should be invited to these
errors. He should then be made to correct them in his own handwriting and affix his initials and number
them. The intentional errors are committed for a very essential purpose in evidence. In most cases, the
affiant would wish to deny his statement or otherwise pretend inadvertence or set up the defense that
he signed his statement without reading it. The affiant’s personal corrections to the intentional errors will
disprove all denials.

d. The suspects or witnesses will be sworn to after they signed their statements. The name of the
administering officer, who could be any Police Commissioned Officer, and provided the matter has
something to do with the performance of police official functions, should be written legibly; hence, as

124 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

much as possible, the name should be written boldly and all in capital letters.

e. A Certification must be placed by the investigator after the Jurat, stating:

“I hereby Certify that I have personally examined the affiant, and I am satisfied that he voluntarily
executed and understood his/her statement.

Try to check and rewrite the following sworn statement written by a criminology student

THE SWORN STATEMENT OF MR. MIGUEL M. SANTOS, 18 YEARS OLD, LIVE AT THE #20 KENNON
ROAD. BAGUIO CITY. ACCORDING TO HIM HE IS THE ONE WHO SAW THE INCIDENT OF ROBBERY
IN THE BANK OF BPI BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLAND. ON OR ABOUT 9:00 O’CLOCK IN THE
EVENING ON NOVEMBER 10, 2020. MR. MIGUEL WAS HERE TO STATE WHAT HE KNOWS IN THE
INCIDENT HAPPEN.

Preliminary: The PSI JUAN B. TAN who was the one assigned to this case. Upon questioning Mr. Miguel
M. Santos. The Chief of Police JHONNY B. CUAN about the Philippine Constitution of 1987 that, you
have the right to remain silent, that you have the right to the presence and assistance of a competent and
that anything you will say was file against you and used as a evidence in the court proceeding.
QUESTION: Mr. Miguel M. Santos, you understand your constitutional rights?
ANSWER: Yes sir.
QUESTION: Now you can state what you know in the crime happen and the whole detail of what you
know, before that you are willing to share the truth of what you know in this crime?
ANSWER: Yes sir.

1. Q: How do you know that Mr. Allan C. KANG is the one who robbed the BPI?
A: Mr. Allan C. KANG is my classmate before and I know what attitude he have, and I was look
his exactly at the BPI.

2. Q: What did you do at the place when you saw Mr. Allan C. Kang
A: I was there, because I was supposed to be check my balance in my credit card on that time.

3. Q: Why is the reason may be of Mr. Allan to robbed the BPI.

A: According to what I know Mr. TAN TIONG is the manager of the BPI and he is the partner of
Mr. Allan.

4. Q: And that what is the participation of Mr. Tiong in this crime.

A: Because Mr. Tiong and Mr. Allan company was down, simply means that the business is going
down thats why before it happen Mr. Allan robbed the BPI.

5. Q: Is there other reason why Mr. Allan do that because I’m not satisfied that Mr. Allan robber his
own company.
A: What I know is Mr. Allan and Mr. Tiong is mortal enemy before.

6. Q: Who is the other person belong in robbing the BPI

A: The officemate of Mr. Allan.

7. Q: How Mr. executed his plan to his own bank.

A: On or about 9:000’clock in the evening there was few client in the bank.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 125

 8. Q: How Mr. Allan and his companion attack the bank.
A: I was there at the time when they attack. they have a 45 caliber, and they said “kung hindi nyo
ibibigay ang pera babarilin ko kayo” then in that the cashier give to them the money.

9. Q: How you really sure that Mr. Allan is the robbery.

A: Because he does not have a bonet, thats why I believe to what I saw.

10. Q: How many is the companion of Mr. Allan when they robbed the BPI
A: They are three (3) only, the two (2) is his office mate.

11. Q: What are the office employee do when the bank robbed?
A: They report it to Mr. Tiong.

12. Q: What Mr. Tiong said when the news came to him.
A: Mr. Tiong immediately call the PNP police station.

13. Q: What the PNP do when they arrived the crime scene.
A: The PNP cordon the area they they conduct a question to the cashier and to me.

14. Q: What did you do when the PNP asking you.

A: I said the truth base on what I saw.

15. Q: the PNP ask you how do you know Mr. Allan the suspect and the master mind.
A: Because when they robbed the bank Mr. Allan said he was the master mind.

16. Q: Where did you go after the incident happen

A: I stay on the bank because I was shocked to what happen.

17. Q: the PNP said to us when they ask a question to you, you said that you are the student of
criminology, what did you contribute in order for them to solved the problem like this.
A: I will ask help to PNP and I give the whole detail of what I know.

18. Q: What you will do the crime scene.

A: I said to the other client of the bank that the bank is closed to protect the evidence they have
in the crime scene.

19. Q: Do you know how to sketch the feces of Mr. Allan

A: Yes, because that is really good to me.

20. Q: What part of the bank are you there.

A: I was on the right side of the bank.

21. Q: the companion of Mr. Allan, where they located.

A: the one is the door and the one is protect Mr. Allan

22. Q: What the cashier do when they robben the bank

A: the cashier set down because the robbing have a gone.

23. Q: what the few customer will do.

A: they panic thats why the keep silent.

24. Q: the guard of the bank what he will do to prevent the robbed
A: the guard did not executed his own self because the robber was stabbed him.

25. Q: What you will do in the bank when the crime happen
A: I was set at the right side of the bank.

126 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 JUAN B. TAN
Police Major
Chief of Police

the sworn statement begun on this 12th of November 2020.

JHONNY B. CUAN
Chief of Police
Arresting Officer

CERTIFICATION

I was CERTIFY that this 12th of November 2020 I was personally examined Mr. Miguel Santos to
delivered here statement.

MR. MIGUEL M. SANTOS

witness

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 127

Complaint Sheet

Republic of the Philippines

Department of the Interior and Local Government
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

HUNGDUAN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion, Hungduan, Ifugao
(074) 223-0999

COMPLAINT SHEET

1. Complaint Sheet No.: Date:

2. Reported through: 3. Previously reported to other agencies: __ Yes __No
________ In person If yes, a) to what agency:
________________________
________ Telephone
b) by whom: ______________________________
________ Others (specify)
c) Date/time:
____________________________
4. Nature of Complaint/Information: 5. Place of Occurrence/ 6. Date and Time
Incident:

7. Name of Complainant/Informer: 8. Address: 9. Tel No.:

10. Name of Victim/s: 11. Age: 12. Sex: 13. Address: 14. Tel No.:

15. Name/s of witness/es: 16. Address/es: 17. Tel No/s.:

18. Name of Suspect/s: 19. Alias: 20. Sex: 21. Age: 22. Address:

23. Brief Narrative of Complaint/Information (Use Back Page, If Necessary)

128 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

24. I Certify that the details of the complaint/informa- 25. Signature of Complainant/Informer:
tion stated above are true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief. __________________________________
27. Printed Name/Signature of Administer-
ing Officer:
26. SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this 1st
day of May 2015 at Hungduan, Ifugao, Philippines. __________________________________
28. Date/Time of Complaint/Information Received: 29. Printed Name/Signature of Receiving
Officer:
__________________________________
30. Disposition: 31. Case Number:

32. Referred By: 33. Date and Time:

34. Referral Number: 35. Assigned To: 36. Printed Name, Rank, Designation and
Signature of Officer Making Assignment/
Referral:
__________________________________

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 129

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
NATIONAL PROSECUTION SERVICE
OFFICE OF THE PROVICNIAL PROSECUTOR
Justice Hall, Lagawe, Ifugao

Culassa D. Nahihilo)
__________________________
Plaintiff)

-versus- For:

Juan Tamad y Talaga @ Jun) FRUSTRATED MURDER

Brgy Ubuag, Hingyon
Respondent)
x-----------------------------x

CRIMINAL COMPLAINT
The undersigned, under oath, accuses Juan Tamad y Talaga alias Jun of the crime of Frustrated
Murder, committed s follows:

That on or about 3:30 o’clock in the morning on November 1, 2014 at Sitio Anapawon,
Ubuag, Hingyon, Ifugao, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorbale Trial Court, said
accused with treachery and evident premeditation and intent to kill, did then and there willfully,
unlawfully and feloniously attack, assault and stab Culassa D. Nahihilo, who as a result thereof,
suffered various stab wounds at her back torso and shoulder which ordinarily would cause death
of said Culassa D. Nahihilo, thus performing all the acts of execution which should have produced
the crime of murder as a consequence, but nevertheless did not produce it by reason of causes
independent of his will, that is by the timely and able medical assistance rendered to said Culassa
D. Nahihilo which prevented her death.

That during the commission of the crime, aggravating circumstances were present: the crime was
committed during nighttime, and employing superior strength.

CONTRARY TO LAW.
Hingyon, Ifugao
November 3, 2020

NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR.

Police Executive Master Sergeant
Officer on-case
WITNESSES:

1. Goldy Balitoc -- - - ------------- Ubuag, Hingyon, Ifugao

2. Simpling Kilo -------------------- Umalbong, Hingyon, Ifugao
3. Ako Rin ------------------------- Cababuyan, Hingyon, Ifugao

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this 5th day of November 2020 at the Office of the
Provincial Prosecutor, Lagawe, Ifugao.

PEDRO L. BRIGHT, SR.

Assistant Provincial Prosecutor

130 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 The Criminal Complaint could also be written using the Affidavit Format. Below is an example of
an Affidavit-complaint.

Republic of the Philippines)

Province of Ifugao ) S.S.
Municipality of Hingyon )

AFFIDAVIT-COMPLAINT

I, Juan Tamad y Talaga, 55 years old, single, businessman by profession and a resident at
Poblacion West, Lagawe, Ifugao after having been duly sworn to in accordance with law do hereby
depose and state the following to wit:

That I inherited from my lot father a lot located at Sitio Ampucao, Umalbong, Hingyon,
Ifugao;

The said real property I owned is covered by Tax Declaration No. 99-09098-90009, and I
have been paying the yearly taxes;
On November 1, 2014 in the afternoon, my sister Pipita Tamad came to our house and
informed me that Kulas Hola has cut ten (10) of the acacia trees I planted in my lot;

That I visited my lot and personally saw that indeed ten (10) acacia trees were cut;

That the ten (10) acacia trees are worth Twenty Thousand (Php20,000.00) pesos;

That I am executing this affidavit-complaint to file a case against Kulas Hola for cutting ten
(10) acacia trees in my lot;

AFFIANT FURTHER SAYS NONE.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto affix my signature this 5th day of November 2020 at
Hingyon, Ifugao, Philippines.

JUAN T. TAMAD
(Affiant)

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this 5th day of November 2020 at Hingyon, Ifugao
Province, Philippines.

_____________________________________
(Administering Officer)

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that I personally examined the herein affiant and found out that he freely and
voluntarily executed it and that he understood all the contents of his affidavit-complaint.

_____________________________________
(Administering Officer)

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 131

Criminal Information

Republic of the Philippines
MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT
FIRST JUDICIAL REGION
BRANCH _________
Hingyon, Ifugao

THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, NPS DOCKET NR. _________

                         Plaintiff,

CRIM CASE NO. __________

-versus- For

JUAN TALAGA TAMAD SLIGHT PHYSICAL INJURIES

(Detained without waiver)
Accused.
x- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x

INFORMATION

The undersigned accuses Juan Tamad y Talaga of the crime of SLIGHT PHYSICAL INJURIES,
committed as follows:

That on or about the 1st day of October 2020 at Bitu, Hingyon, Ifugao, Philippines, and within the
jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, without justifiable cause whatsoever,
did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously attack, assault and use personal violence upon
CULASSA DONDE KORING, thereby inflicting upon the latter: contusion hematoma, antro lateral aspect
of thigh, right; abrasion, inner lower lip, as per medical certificate dated October 3, 2020 issued by the
attending physician of the Ifugao General Hospital, which will require medical attendance for a period of
two (2) to three (3) days.

CONTRARY TO LAW.
Hingyon, Ifugao, Philippines, October 5, 2020.

CULASSA JUANA T. PRIMO

      Second Assistant Provincial Prosecutor
          Roll of Attorneys No. 90000219090
           MCLE Compliance No. IIII-11111110000

APPROVED:

PRIMITIBA T. TIBAK
              Provincial Prosecutor
      Roll of Attorneys No. 222222222
         Lifetime IBP No. 333333333
              MCLE No. VV-4444444

132 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Dying Declaration – this is prepared if the victim to a crime believes he will die as a result of the injuries
he sustained. The questions should be simple, very brief and direct. It consists only of three to five
questions and answers. Because the victim is injured and the investigator does not know when he might
die, the first question then the investigator has to ask is for the victim to be able to identify the persons
who injured him. Afterward, a couple of questions maybe asked and the heading, as well as the witnesses
to the signature or thumb mark (if the victim is unable to write), will be filled up.

Contents of the Declaration:

1. Identity of the assailant
2. Consciousness of an impending death
3. Surrounding circumstances of the incident
Questions to be asked when the victim can identify the assailant:
1. Sino po ang sumaksak (bumaril, pumalo, etc) sa inyo?
2. Naniniwala po ba kayo na kayo ay mamamatay na dahil sa tinamo ninyong sugat?
3. Ano po ba ang nangyari at sinaksak (binaril, pinalo etc.) kayo?
Questions to be asked when the victim cannot identify the assailant:
1. a. Ano po ang suot niyang damit?
b. Gaano po siya kataas?
c. Mga ilang taon na po siya?
d. Hugis ng mukha?
e. Tabas ng buhok?
f. Mga ibang pagakakilanlan?
g. Saan po siya tumakbo?
2. Naniniwala po ba kayo na kayo ay mamamatay na dahil sa tinamo ninyong sugat?
3. Ano po ba ang nangyari at sinaksak (binaril, pinalo etc.) kayo?
Dying Declarations are usually made inside Operating Rooms in hospitals or clinics. The
investigator, therefore, has to follow protocols when inside the room like the use of gowns and sterilized
sandals or slippers. Below is an example of Dying Declaration.

DYING DECLARATION OF JUAN TAMAD Y TALAGA EXECUTED BEFORE SPO1 PEPITO PEDRO
INSIDE THE OPERATING ROOM, HINGYON DISTRICT HOSPITAL, CABABUYAN, HINGYON IN THE
PRESENCE OF DR. CULASSA KULAS THIS 29TH DAY OF JULY 2020.

1. Q: Who hacked you?

A: Loko Mando alias Jun, one of my neighbors.

2. Q: What do you think, are you going to die because of the injuries you sustained?
A: I do not know but I might die.

3. Q: Why did Loko Mando hack you?

A: Loko Mando has been suspecting that I was the one who stole his carabao, so that this morning,
when I was passing by beside their house, somebody struck me on my neck. When I turned
around, I saw him, with a bloodied bolo in his right hand, and his wife on his left hand, pulling
him into their house.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 133

 JUAN TALAGA TAMAD
(Affiant)

Witnesses to Thumb mark:

Dr. Culassa Kulas

(signature)

Ms. Primitiba Pepe

(signature)

134 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Endorsement – is a written communication that usually consists of only one paragraph, but contains
everything that the writer would like the reader to know. It is important to take note that when the
endorsement is going up, meaning from a lower office to a higher office, it should begin with “Respectfully
submitted” or “Respectfully forwarded”. When it is sent to an office of the same level, it should begin with
“Respectfully transmitted”, and when sent to lower office, “Respectfully referred”. If what was endorsed
is sent back, the paragraph should begin with “Respectfully returned” whether the communication is for
a higher office, to an office of the same level, or lower office. Instead of using the endorsement format,
other police officers prefer the civilian business letter format.

Endorsement Formats:

Republic of the Philippines

National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Bakun, Benguet

1st Endorsement
November 7, 2020

Respectfully forwarded to the Honorable Provincial Prosecutor, Benguet Provincial Prosecutor’s

Office, La Trinidad, Benguet is the Case folder of Juan Tamad y Talaga, alias Junjun, the suspect in a
Robbery case committed on November 1, 2020 at about 5:00 o’clock in the afternoon inside Room S230,
University of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Rd., Bakun, Benguet for your further study, evaluation and final
disposition.

NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR.
Police Major
Chief of Police

Enclosures:

Criminal Information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A
Criminal Complaint -------------------------------------------- B
SS of Pedro Penduko ------------------------------------------ C
SS of Winny D. Poo -------------------------------------------- D
SS of Gabby Lim ------------------------------------------------ E
Joint Affidavit of Arrest --------------------------------------- F
Booking Sheet --------------------------------------------------- G
Xerox copy of Police Blotter Entry -------------------------- H
Spot Report ------------------------------------------------------ I
Progress Report -------------------------------------------------- J
Final Report ------------------------------------------------------ K
Rough Sketch of Crime Scene -------------------------------- L
Finished Sketch of Crime Scene ------------------------------ M
Photographs of Crime Scene ---------------------------------- N
Dying Declaration ------------------------------------------------ O
Autopsy Report -------------------------------------------------- P
Medical Certificate ---------------------------------------------- Q
Ballistic Report ---------------------------------------------------- R
Fingerprint Examination Report ------------------------------ S

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 135

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Bakun, Benguet

November 7, 2020

The Honorable Provincial Prosecutor

Benguet Provincial Prosecutor’s Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Sir:
Respectfully forwarded is the Case folder of Juan Tamad y Talaga, alias Junjun, the suspect in a Robbery
case committed on November 1, 2020 at about 5:00 o’clock in the afternoon inside Room S230, University
of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Rd., Bakun, Benguet for your further study, evaluation and final disposition.

Very truly yours,

NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR.

Police Major
Chief of Police

Enclosures:

Criminal Information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A
Criminal Complaint -------------------------------------------- B
SS of Pedro Penduko ------------------------------------------ C
SS of Winny D. Poo -------------------------------------------- D
SS of Gabby Lim ------------------------------------------------ E
Joint Affidavit of Arrest --------------------------------------- F
Booking Sheet --------------------------------------------------- G
Xerox copy of Police Blotter Entry -------------------------- H
Spot Report ------------------------------------------------------ I
Progress Report -------------------------------------------------- J
Final Report ------------------------------------------------------ K
Rough Sketch of Crime Scene -------------------------------- L
Finished Sketch of Crime Scene ------------------------------ M
Photographs of Crime Scene ---------------------------------- N
Dying Declaration ------------------------------------------------ O
Autopsy Report -------------------------------------------------- P
Medical Certificate ---------------------------------------------- Q
Ballistic Report ---------------------------------------------------- R
Fingerprint Examination Report ------------------------------ S

136 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Bakun, Benguet

November 7, 2020

The Honorable Provincial Prosecutor

Benguet Provincial Prosecutor’s Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Sir:
I have the honor to forward to your good office the attached records of investigation of an alleged
Robbery for your further study, evaluation and final disposition with the following information, to wit:

SUSPECT: (arrested)
Juan Tamad y Talaga alias Junjun, 77 years old, single, unemployed and a resident at #6 Nightingale St.,
Sablan, Benguet.

COMPLAINANT:
Pepita Pepe y Pepito, 17 years old, married, housewife, native of Sabangan, Mt. Province and a resident
at #21 Nandrev Apartment, Odnan St., Bakun, Benguet.

DATE, TIME AND PLACE OF OCCURRENCE:

November 1, 2020 at around 5:00 o’clock in the afternoon at JC-180 Km 5, Bakun, Benguet.

FACTS OF THE CASE:

At about 11:00 o’clock in the morning on November 1, 2020, the victim left her boarding house
properly padlocked, but when she returned at around 5:30 o’clock in the afternoon, she found out that
her main door was forcibly opened and the padlock was missing. She cautiously entered and saw her
cabinet widely opened. She then noticed that her valuable things inside it were missing: Xenon DVD
player colored black worth Php50,000.00, brown leather jacket worth Php20,000.00, and a gold-plated
college ring worth Php30,000.00 – all with a total amount of Php100,000.00. Pepita, the victim, rushed
to the police station but on her way, she saw a male person on the sidewalk, whom she recognized as
the one who usually roams within the premises of her boarding house, apparently wearing her brown
leather jacket. Instead of going to the police station, she sought assistance from PEMS Don Juan who
was then patrolling. PEMS Juan invited the male person to the police station, who was later identified by
means of his Residence Certificate as Juan Tamad y Talaga. Inside the police station, the victim noticed
that Juan Tamad was wearing her college ring, and when he was requested to open his bag, Pepita also
saw her Xenon DVD player inside, wrapped with a blue jacket. Juan, when asked to present evidence of
ownership of the stated items, could not provide any. On the other hand, Pepita then showed her name
inscribed on the college ring, on the DVD player, and her name printed at the back of the leather jacket.
At this juncture, Bakun police arrested Juan Tamad y Talaga.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 137

Very truly yours,

NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR.

Police Major
Chief of Police

Enclosures:

Criminal Information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A
Criminal Complaint -------------------------------------------- B
SS of Pedro Penduko ------------------------------------------ C
SS of Winny D. Poo -------------------------------------------- D
SS of Gabby Lim ------------------------------------------------ E
Joint Affidavit of Arrest --------------------------------------- F
Booking Sheet --------------------------------------------------- G
Xerox copy of Police Blotter Entry -------------------------- H
Spot Report ------------------------------------------------------ I
Progress Report -------------------------------------------------- J
Final Report ------------------------------------------------------ K
Rough Sketch of Crime Scene -------------------------------- L
Finished Sketch of Crime Scene ------------------------------ M
Photographs of Crime Scene ---------------------------------- N
Dying Declaration ------------------------------------------------ O
Autopsy Report -------------------------------------------------- P
Medical Certificate ---------------------------------------------- Q
Ballistic Report ---------------------------------------------------- R
Fingerprint Examination Report ------------------------------ S

138 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Investigation Report – this is fondly called IR in the PNP. It has a distinct format that should be followed.
The main paragraphs are written boldly, all capitalized and numbered using Roman Numerals, and the
paragraphs under each main paragraph are numbered using the Arabic Numerals. The IR is usually used
within the PNP organization; hence, the Memorandum format is used.

The main paragraphs of an Investigation Report:

Authority – in other forms of police communication, this is the Reference. The authority should contain
the basis for the report. It could be verbal or handwritten instructions or directives from high-ranking
police or local government officials, and Standard Operating Procedures. Any authority which is made in
writing is made an exhibit.

Matters Investigated – this made up to a single sentence which answers the purpose of the report or
what has been investigated. Included in the purpose are the answers to the what, where, when and who
questions.

Facts of the Case – this is the summary of the exact presentation of all information as narrated by the
witnesses or based on documentary pieces of evidence. All testimonies and other pieces of information
are presented objectively. In other words, only facts, and not opinions of the investigator-on-case should
be included. The IOC has nothing to say in the facts of the case. All he has to do is to summarize
sworn statements and the content of other documents i.e, laboratory examination report. All documents
containing facts about the case are made as exhibits.

Discussion – this is where the investigator-on-case (IOC) will discuss the facts of the case based on
their evidentiary value. He may explain, elaborate, analyze or interpret the facts, so that the case will be
clearer to the reader. As such he may present qualifying, aggravating, mitigating, justifying, alternative
and exempting circumstances where he could base his conclusion later. Remember, the Discussion is
not a copy-paste from the Facts of the Case. So that the reader will be convinced of the investigator’s
conclusion and recommendation, the discussion should be presented comprehensively, no stones
unturned, as others say. If the discussion is incomplete, this only means one thing – the investigator-on-
case did not actually investigate: He merely relied on the readily available pieces of information.

The Discussion should not be omitted. It is in this paragraph where the IOC will place a piece of his
brain as how he understood the crime based on acquired knowledge and as a result of the investigation
he conducted. For example, the suspect entered through the window and while inside, carted away
personal properties, or the suspect stabbed the victim from the back, or the suspect waited for his victim
on his way, what do these mean to the investigator?

Conclusion – this is a statement that is deduced from the discussion. What now the investigator has to
say after a thorough discussion of the case? The IOC here presents a summary of all the investigations
he conducted. It is very important that he shows resoluteness or firmness in his statement.

Recommendation – this is consistent with the conclusion which shows what the IOC likes to be done
with the case or how it could be disposed. It consists of his judgment as to what appropriate action should
be done by proper authority.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 139

Investigation Report of a Criminal Case:

Republic of the Philippines

National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Benguet Provincial Police Office
La Trinidad, Benguet

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Investigation Report

Date : November 16, 2020

I. AUTHORITY:
1. Memo from the CPNP dated November 15, 2013; (Exh. A) and
2. Memo from the COP dated November 16, 2013. (Exh. B)
II. MATTERS INVESTIGATED:
3. To establish the facts and circumstances surrounding the death of Juan Tamad y Talaga inside
Room S609 University of the Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Road, Bakun, Benguet on November 10,
2020.

III. FACTS OF THE CASE:

4. Simplicio Primo, 99 years old, single, a resident at #32 Harrison Rd., Bakun, Benguet and a CCJE
student with the University of the Cordilleras, Bakun, Benguet stated among others in his sworn
statement that on November 10, 2020 at around 9:00 o’clock in the morning, he was having his
class inside Room S609 of said university when he saw Jose Rizal y Bonifacio, who had been
absent for two(2) weeks, entered through the open back door, silently approached Juan Tamad,
his classmate, from the back and without any word, drew out a Buguias-made double-bladed
knife, and stabbed him five (5) times on his chest. He further stated that Juan, the victim, had no
chance to defend himself because when he tried to stand after he was first hit, he was stabbed
again that caused him to fall on his back on the floor that gave the opportunity for the suspect to
stab him three (3) more times. He finally stated that Jose, before he left, kicked the prostrate body
of Juan and spat on his face three (3) times. (Exh. C)
5. Apolinario Mabini, 77 years old, single, a resident at #8 Honey Rd., Bakun, Benguet stated in
his sworn statement that he was about to enter the University of the Cordilleras through Gate 5
when he saw his friend and classmate, Jose Rizal, murmuring with a distant stare on his face,
hiding on a corner near the gate and holding in his right hand the sharp, pointed, 12-inch- long
Buguias-made double-bladed knife they just bought. He further stated that when asked whom he
was waiting for; Jose told him that he was waiting for his enemy number 1, Juan Tamad, so that

140 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 he could kill him. He finally stated that he thought Jose was really firm of his intention to kill Juan
because of his previous pronouncements that he will kill him because he had been suspecting
that Juan has had an illicit sexual relationship with his wife Maria so he called up Juan Tamad to
warn him not to pass through gate 5 because as if Jose Rizal had an evil intention against him.
(Exh. D)
6. Culassa Pedro, 55 years old, single, a resident at #2 Bokawkan Rd., Bakun, Benguet stated in
her sworn statement that she was sitting at the back inside Room S609 of the University of the
Cordilleras when she saw Jose Rizal peeping on the window glass. She further stated that she
saw him again peeping at the back window but moments later, she saw him hurriedly enter the
room, pulled out a long knife from his waist and stabbed Juan Tamad five (5) times that caused
his death. She finally stated that Jose, before he ran away, kicked Juan on the lower front part of
his body, spat on his face three (3) times and said, “dayta ti gungunam nga babaero.” (Exh. E)
7. PEMS Ben Tumbling, 50 years old, single, a resident at #99 Holyghost Extension, Bakun, Benguet
and assigned with the Patrol Division, Bakun Municipal Police Station, Bakun, Benguet stated in
his affidavit of arrest that on November 10, 2020 at around 9:10 o’clock in the morning while
patrolling Harrison Road just near the University of the Cordilleras, he received a call from his
supervisor that a killing incident just happened inside the university. He further stated that when
he went out from his patrol car, he saw a man walking on the other side of the road but when this
man saw him he started running as fast as he could so thinking the man might have been the
person who committed the crime, he ran after him and when about three meters away, he ordered
him to stop which he did. He finally stated that when he turned around, he saw plenty of blood
stains on his white U.C. polo shirt and on his right hand because of a number of incised wounds
so he asked him to explain about the wounds on his hands and the blood stains on his shirt but
when he could not make any explanation, he put him under arrest and brought him to the police
station where he found out that the person he arrested was Jose Rizal, the suspect in the killing
incident. (Exh. F)
8. PMAJ MANNY POKWANG, 48 years old, single, a resident at #7 Okey Rd., Bakun, Benguet, and
the Chief of the PNP Regional Crime Laboratory Office, Camp Dangwa, La Trinidad, Benguet, in
his report, he stated among others that the blood samples they recovered from the crime scene,
the polo shirt of Jose Rizal and the knife allegedly used in the crime that was found inside a
trashcan at the 5th floor of the University of the Cordilleras all matched that of both Jose Rizal, the
suspect, and Juan Tamad, the victim. He further stated that the fingerprints lifted from the glass
windows have matched the fingerprints of the suspect. He finally stated that another kind of fluid,
probably saliva, also matched that of the suspect’s. (Exh. G)

IV. DISCUSSION:
9. As gleaned from the sworn statements of the eye witnesses, they have properly established the
identity of Jose Rizal as the one who stabbed to death Juan Tamad on November 10, 2020 inside
Room S609 at the University of the Cordilleras, Bakun, Benguet. Being classmates for so long
has made them very sure that it was Jose who did the crime. Collectively, their sworn statements
have also proved that Jose Rizal has planned to take the life of Juan Tamad. Jose’s plan of killing
Juan was made known when he told his friend Apolinario, and his acts of spitting on Juan’s face,
kicking him on his sexual organ and telling him “dayta ti gungunam nga babaero” after killing
him indeed indicate that he has been harboring ill feelings against Juan because he has been
suspecting, though he had no evidence whatsoever, that Juan has had an illicit sexual relationship
with his wife that was why he made some preparations to kill him. He, accompanied by his friend
Apolinario Mabini, purchased a double-bladed 12-inch-long Buguias-made knife and sharpened
it a day before he actually used it. He hid on a corner behind a post near Gate 5 at the University
of the Cordilleras and waited for Juan but when he realized that he might have passed by another
gate, he went and tried to find out whether Juan was already inside Room S609. Jose’s actions
of repeatedly peeping on the side and back window and of the room indicates that he did not like
the people inside the room to recognize him and in so doing, he could determine exactly where
Juan was sitting. All these clearly show that there was evident premeditation, on the part of Jose
to take the life of Juan.
TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 141
 10. In addition, the eye witnesses stated that Jose entered through the back door which was then
open and silently, hurriedly, suddenly and unexpectedly approached and attacked Juan Tamad.
His act of repeatedly peeping through the back door where he could clearly see people inside
then passing through it, so that he could not be seen by the students, and attacked his victim
without risk to himself because he attacked him from the back; thus, the victim was not able to
defend himself is tantamount to treachery. Moreover, the suspect’s resolute desire to kill his victim
was shown when he inflicted not just one but more stab wounds on the upper part of the victim’s
body. When the victim fell on his back after being stabbed for the second time, the suspect, in
order to make sure he will have killed him, delivered more telling blows. As shown by the medico
legal report, he could have even killed him after he stabbed him for the second time piercing his
heart and the succeeding blows could have been unnecessary. This also clearly shows evident
premeditation on the part of the suspect to kill the victim. Under Art. 248 paragraphs 1 and 5,
respectively of the Revised Penal Code, treachery and evident premeditation are two of the
qualifying circumstances that could qualify the killing and raises it to the category of murder.
11. According to PEMS Ben Tumbling, the arresting officer, when Jose Rizal, the suspect, saw him,
he started running as fast as he could. Now this could tell us that he was consciously guilty that
at the sight of a police officer means he should avoid arrest. As to the result of the laboratory
examinations, Jose Rizal could not deny that he was at Room S609 at the University of the
Cordilleras, Bakun, Benguet that was why his fingerprints and saliva were recovered from the
glass windows and on the floor of said room, respectively. The suspect’s blood recovered from
the handle of the knife allegedly used in the crime could show any normally thinking individual that
it was the suspect who used said knife and the victim’s blood on the knife could show that it was
the said knife that was used against his victim. In addition, the victim’s blood on the suspect’s polo
shirt could bolster the possibility that it was Jose Rizal who stabbed to death Juan Tamad.

V. CONCLUSION:
12. The undersigned therefore concludes that Jose Rizal stabbed Juan Tamad to death with treachery
and evident premeditation.

VI. RECOMMENDATION:

13. The undersigned strongly recommends that a case of Murder, defined and penalized under Article
248 of the Revised Penal Code be filed against Jose Rizal.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Major

Encl:

Memo from the CPNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A

Memo from the COP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B
SS of Simplicio Primo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C
SS of Apolinario Mabini - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D
SS of Culassa Pedro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E
Affidavit of Arrest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - F
CL Examination Report - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - G
Medico legal Report - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H
Crime Scene sketches - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I

142 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
Philippine National Police

Hingyon Municipal Police Station

Poblacion, Hingyon, Ifugao

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Ifugao Police Provincial Office
Camp Dunuan, Lagawe, Ifugao

(Attn: C, PIDMB)

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : Investigation Report regarding an Armed Encounter during an    Anti-Illegal

Drugs Buy Bust Operation
Date : January 1, 2020

I. AUTHORITY:

1. Inherent authority of the Chief of Police; and

2. NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR No. 2016-002 (Revised Rules of Procedures before
the Administrative Disciplinary Authorities and the Internal Affairs Service of the Philippine National
Police).

II. MATTERS INVESTIGATED:

3. To determine the facts and circumstances surrounding the death of Juan Tamad y Talaga, 34
years old, married and residing at Sitio Ampaling, Linge, Kiangan, Ifugao who was killed in armed
encounter during an anti illegal drugs operation at about 11:15 o’clock nighttime at Purok 7,
Poblacion, Hingyon, Ifugao; and
4. To determine further the legitimacy of the operation and the presence of culpability of the involved
police officers, if there be any.

III. FACTS OF THE CASE:

5. Based on the affidavit of the poseur buyer, PSSg John Lloyd Cruz of legal age, married, Filipino
citizen and a member of the Intelligence Section, Hingyon Municipal Police Station, he stated
among others that on October 1, 2019 at about 10:00 o’clock in the morning, their team leader
PMaj Nandref B. Odnan, Jr. received an information from their confidential informant (CI) that
a.k.a. Pablo has been selling shabu within Hingyon and nearby municipalities. That their CI
informed them that he can set up a drug deal with a.k.a. Pablo as said person has been asking
him to look for buyers. That at about 4:00 o’clock in the afternoon on October 1, 2019, PMaj
Odnan briefed his team for the buy bust operation and prepared the proper documentations as
well as the marked money to be used consisting of one (1) piece genuine One Thousand Peso
bill (PhP 1,000.00) with serial no. LQ2074768 marked “JC”. The team agreed that the poseur
buyer will be accompanied by the CI while PMaj Odnan, PSSg Hardy Bato, PSSg Denver Hangdo
and Pat Willy Nando will act as the back-up arresting officers. The team further agreed to the
prearranged signal that the poseur buyer will ring the cellphone of PMaj Odnan once the drug
deal is consummated and in order for them to assist him in the arrest of the seller. That the pre
operation coordination was made at the PDEA CAR with control no. 101-092119-1097. He further

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 143

 stated that at about 10:30 o’clock in the evening on October 1, 2019, a.k.a. Pablo called up the
CI and told him to bring with him the buyer of shabu worth 1,000.00 pesos at Purok 7, Poblacion,
Hingyon, Ifugao. That members of the back-up team boarded the unmarked Toyota Innova vehicle
and proceeded to the agreed place of transaction and hid themselves in a grassy place about
100 meters from the corner street while he and the CI rode on a motorcycle and proceeded to the
exact place of transaction. While at the place at about 11:05 o’clock in the evening, a.k.a. Pablo
arrived on board a motorcycle and the CI introduced him as the buyer. After several conversations,
a.k.a. Pablo asked him about the money. He got the 1000 peso bill bearing Serial No. LQ2074768
marked “JC” and handed it to a.k.a. Pablo and in return gave him (poseur buyer) one (1) piece
heat sealed transparent sachet containing white crystalline substance suspected as shabu. That
upon receiving the plastic sachet, he brought out his cell phone from his pocket and dialed PMaj
Odnan. At this juncture, a.k.a. Pablo realized that the buyer is a police officer so he drew a caliber
.38 revolver from his waist and shot him (poseur buyer) two (2) times hitting the left and right
portion of his bullet-proof vest. That in his effort to defend himself, he also drew his 9mm service
firearm and shot a.k.a. Pablo hitting him on his forehead. The back-up team then arrived, secured
the scene and called up Rescue 111. Moments later, Rescue 111 arrived and they brought a.k.a
Pablo to the Hingyon General Hospital for medical attention but he was declared dead on arrival
by the attending physician. Some SOCO personnel came and processed the crime scene. They
were able to collect one (1) Smith and Wesson caliber .38 revolver with Serial No. 209765 with
two (2) fired cartridge cases and four (4) live ammunitions still inserted in its cylinder, one (1)
fired 9mm cartridge case, one (1) piece One thousand peso bill with SN LQ2074768 marked
“JC” (marked money), one red-colored SYM single motorcycle without plate number, one black
wallet of the suspect containing pertinent documents and one black-colored Samsung keypad
phone while he (poseur buyer) confiscated one piece of heat-sealed transparent plastic sachet
containing white crystalline substance suspected as shabu marked JC 10-01-19 with signature.
That upon verification of the documents recovered, the suspect was identified as one Juan Tamad
y Talaga, 34 years old, married and residing at Sitio Ampaling, Linge, Kiangan, Ifugao. He finally
stated that the inventory as well as the documentation was conducted at the place of transaction
duly witnessed by Barangay Captain Nando Bravo and media representative Byron Pandoy of
Bombo Radyo Ifugao.
6. In the After Operation Report/Narrrative Report (EMS) of Rescue 111 dated October 1, 2019, it
stated among others that at about 11:32 in the evening on October 1, 2019, they received a radio
call from Pat Maria Palad regarding a shooting incident at Purok 7, Poblacion, Hingyon, Ifugao.
They immediately responded and upon arrival, they identified the victim as Juan Tamad y Talaga,
34 years old, married and residing at Sitio Ampaling, Linge, Kiangan, Ifugao. It further stated that
the victim was unconscious, pulseless and breathless upon assessment. It finally stated that the
victim’s pupils were fixated and dilated and had sustained a gunshot wound on the right parietal
area of his head.
7. The After SOCO Report re-Police Operation Resulting to Shooting Incident dated October 1,
2019 stated among others that at 11:36 in the evening on October 1, 2019, the chief investigator
of Hingyon Municipal Police Station called up their office and requested for SOCO assistance
regarding a shooting incident that happened at Purok 7, Poblacion, Hingyon, Ifugao. They
responded immediately and were able to collect one (1) Smith and Wesson caliber .38 revolver
with Serial No. 209765 with two (2) fired cartridge cases and four (4) live ammunitions still inserted
in its cylinder, one (1) fired 9mm cartridge case, one (1) piece One thousand peso bill with SN
LQ2074768 marked “JC” (marked money), one red-colored SYM single motorcycle without plate
number, one black wallet of the suspect containing pertinent documents and one black-colored
Samsung keypad phone.
8. In the Chemistry Report by PLTCOL DREF B. NAN of the Hingyon Crime Laboratory Office with
time and date as 6:00 AM October 1, 2019, it stated among others that it examined one (1)
heat-sealed transparent plastic sachet containing 0.087 gram of white crystalline substance with
markings “JC 10-01-19 and signature and that the qualitative examination yielded a positive result
to the test for the presence of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride, a dangerous drug.

144 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 9. In the Chemistry Report by PLTCOL DREF B. NAN of the Hingyon Crime Laboratory Office with
time and date as 7:00 AM October 1, 2019, it stated among others that it examined one (1)
paraffin cast taken from the right hand of Juan Tamad and the result of the qualitative examination
yielded a positive result to the test for the presence of gunpowder nitrates.

IV. DISCUSSION:

10. In this case, it is an established fact that the suspect, Juan Tamad, is recognized to be the aggressor
and that the aggression was real and imminent, not merely imaginary. The aggression employed
by Juan Tamad toward the operating troops of this Municipal Police Station must be of such a
nature as to have placed in real peril the life or personal safety or the rights of the PNP personnel.
In other words, there was an outward and material attack upon the person defending himself of a
wrongful act showing the aggressor’s wrongful intent, not merely a threatening attitude.

11. Under the law, unlawful aggression contemplates an actual, sudden and unexpected attack, or
imminent danger thereof, and not merely a threatening or intimidating attitude. There has to exist
a real danger to the life or personal safety of the person claiming self defense.

12. Under the situation, in the darkness of the night, with the element of surprise and the perception
of the police operative that the aggressor was armed with a firearm, it was reasonable for him
to use a firearm in order to overcome the resistance put up by his adversary. His firearm was
his means of defense and under the circumstances of the case, there was clearly a reasonable
necessity for him to make use of it. It cannot be said with certainty that his life was not in danger.
When a highwayman brutally assaults another in the dark and tries to take away his only means
of defense, it is reasonable to believe that his life is in danger.

13. It must be positively shown that here was unlawful and provoked attack that placed PSSg Cruz’s
life in danger that forced him to inflict wound upon his assailant, employing therefore reasonable
means to resist the attack.

14. Consequently, the undersigned rule that PSSg Cruz employed reasonable means to repel
the sudden attack of which he was the victim. Reasonable necessity does not mean absolute
necessity. It must be assumed that one who is assaulted cannot have sufficient tranquility of mind
to think, calculate and make comparisons which can easily be made in the calmness of the home.
It is not the indispensable need but the rational necessity which the law requires.

15. The law on self-defense in any penal system of the civilized world finds justification in man’s
natural instinct to protect, repel and save his person and right from impending danger and peril. It
is based on that impulse of self preservation born to man and part of his nature as a human being.
In our jurisdiction, Article 11 of the Revised Penal Code provides:

Art. 11. Justifying Circumstances. – The following do not incur any criminal liability:
1. Anyone who acts in defense of his person or rights, provided the                   
following circumstances concur:
First. Unlawful aggression;
Second. Reasonable necessity of the means employed to prevent or repel it;
Third. Lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the person defending himself.

16. In the light of the foregoing, the operative of this Municipal Police Station have duly proved all the
essential elements of self-defense; namely, unlawful aggression on the part of the complainant;
reasonable necessity of the means employed to prevent or repel it; and lack of sufficient
provocation.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 145

V. CONCLUSION:

17. The undersigned therefore concludes that the PNP personnel of this Municipal Police Station
acted in legitimate self-defense in line with the existing rules and regulations and the Police
Operational Procedures (POP) in the conduct of Anti-Illegal Drugs Operations.

VI. RECOMMENDATION:

18. The undersigned strongly recommends that the operatives of this Municipal Police Station
who participated in the said operations be absolved from any liability but instead be given the
appropriate award for their commendable effort in the country’s war against illegal drugs.

LOVE D. AMOR
Police Lieutenant Colonel

146 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

HINGYON MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Hingyon, Ifugao

TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT

TC No. ________

1. WHERE: Along Teacher’s Camp, Hingyon, Ifugao

2. WHEN: March 3, 2020
3. WHAT: Motor vehicle vs. motor vehicle
4. HOW: Head-on ( ) Rear end (X ) Angle ( ) Sideswiped same direction ( )
Sideswiped opposite direction ( ) Others ( )

TYPE OF ACCIDENT: Fatal ( ) Non fatal ( ) Damage to property (X )

==============================================================================
Number of vehicles ( 2 )
VEHICLE 1 VEHICLE 2
Type of vehicle: Car Car
Make and model: Toyota Hilux Mitsubishi xpander
Plate number: WGI 3090 B5B703
Classification:
Driven by: Lyster Wallace Abag Denver Santiago Agus-
tin
Address: Kabayan, Benguet La Trinidad, Benguet
Occupation: Engineer Professor
Driver’s License No.: AO5-12-006198 AO1-07-000131
Nationality/age: Filipino/37 Filipino/33
Sex and marital status: Male, married Male/married
Driving experience: Twenty years Fifteen years
Vehicle owner: Lyster W. Abag Denver S. Agustin
Address: Kabayan, Benguet La Trinidad, Benguet
Reg. Cert/File No.: 170453678 180342134
Damaged portion: Front right bumper Left rear bumper
Injured person/s: None None

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 147

BRIEF NARRATION OF THE ACCIDENT:

Investigation conducted appears that prior to the incident, vehicle 1 driven by Denver Agustin was
travelling toward South Drive, Hingyon, Ifugao when abruptly overtaken by vehicle 2 driven by Lyster
Abag at same direction of said road. Subsequently, vehicle 1 noticed vehicle 2 following at the same
direction without any signal either to overtake or go to the left direction; however, upon reaching the
curved road at Teacher’s Camp Drive particularly in front the Cordillera Administrative Region Training
Center, vehicle 2 suddenly bumped vehicle 1 at its back bumper when vehicle 2 tried to overtake it and
suddenly swerved to the right going back to its lane upon noticing a descending vehicle. As a result of
the incident, vehicle 1 incurred damage on its left back bumper. Both drivers underwent alcoholic breath
test. Their driver’s licenses were confiscated and they were issued Traffic Citation Tickets prior to the
conduct of further investigation and proper disposition. The case will be filed in court upon completion of
the annexes.

Prepared by:

PCpl Lebron James

Investigator on-case

Noted by:

NANDREF B. UDDAP, JR.

Police Major
Chief of Police

148 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Try to correct this erroneous IR

Republic of the Philippines

Philippine National Police
National Police Commission

BAGUIO CITY MUNICIPAL HALL POLICE STATION

Quirino Hill, Baguio City

MEMORANDOM:

TO : City Director
Quirino Hill, Baguio City

Attn: Chief PNP

SUBJECT : Investigation Report

Date : Augost 6, 2020

I. AUTHORITY

1. Memo for the CPNP dated Augost 5, 2020; and

2. Memo for the COP dated Augost 6, 2020.
II. MATTERS INVESTIGATED

3. To established the fact and circumstances regarding the rubbing incident happend at around
11:00 o’clock on the house of Tom N. Jerry, Quirino Hill, Baguio City in the evening of Augost 4,
2020.

III. FACTS OF THE CASE

4. Jacob Batista, 21 years old, married, and a resident at Quirino Hill, Baguio City, according to his
sworn statement, he saw the incident happend, when he was waling home, he see the suspect
and he determined and notify it that the suspect known Robin Padilla y Karing and he saw the
suspect upon entering the house of Tom N. Jerry with the used of a hammer to destroyed the
padlock of the door to enter on the house of the victim, thereafter, he saw the suspect out from
the house holding a lap top.
5. Ramon T. Jerico, 1 years old, single and a residing of Santo Tomas, Baguio City saw the incident
happend, according to his sworn statement, he saw Mr. Robin Padilla holding a lap top while
ranning down the street, Quirino St, Baguio City. He farther stated that he saw the suspect with
a hummer on his right arm thats why he was been curius of it and report the insident happend in
on office.
6. Jacky Chan, 29 years old, married, and a residing of Km. 3 Apper Asin Rd, Baguio City saw the
suspect, according to his sworn statement he saw also the suspect ranning down the street,
Quirino St., Baguio City holding a brand new, Samsung Lap top on his hand with a hummer in his
right hand. He farther stated that he see the suspect wounded on his left thump and reported to
the police officer who past by street mensioned above.
7. SPO3 Magaling C. Kumanta, 29 years old, single and a residing on Crystal Cave, Baguio City,
according to his affidavit of arest, when he was on patrol juty along Quirino Street baguio City,

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 149

 Jacky Chan reported the in sident to him and told him what he observe from the suspect, that he
was curius about the report of the witness, re ran after the suspect according to the direction told
him by the witness, thereafter, he arrested the suspect and emmidietly bring it to there office to
interrogate it and the result of the interrogation proves that the suspect was robbed the house of
Tom N. Jerry.
8. PSI Don T. Dondon, Chief of Police, 35 years old, married, according to the DNA result submitted
him by DNA examiner, the blood has foiund at the crime scene was match on the blood of the
suspect and the Brand new, Lap Top robbed by the suspect was prove that it is be long to Tom N.
Jerry thats why Robin Padilla was charge from a crime of robery with force upon thing.

IV. Discussion

9. Regarding the sworn statement of the witnesses who witness the suspect and saw the incident
happend and the DNA result shown by the DNA examiners for the Chif of Police, Robin Padilla
was charge frome the crime of robery base on the evidences mensioned-above.

10. In addition, Mr. Robin Padilla was also known as a residivist of a crime robery and he was also
determined and identified in the rougues gallery of the PNP.
V. Conclusion

11. Base on the case mensione above, Mr. Robin Padilla will be charge from crime Robery with force
upon thing.

JACK TALAGA MAAWATAN

Police Major
Chief of Police

150 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Investigation Report of an Administrative Case

Republic of the Philippines

National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

HINGYON MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion, Hingyon, Ifugao

MEMORANDUM

FOR : The Provincial Director

Ifugao Provincial Police Office
Camp Dunuan, Lagawe, Ifugao

Attn: Chief, Inves Div

FROM : PLT NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR.
            Summary Hearing Officer

SUBJECT : Summary Dismissal Proceedings re Alleged Misconduct against  PCpl Juan Tamad
Talaga

Date : November 16, 2020

REFERENCES:

a. Memorandum of explanation from PLT NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR. dated November 1, 2020 to
PCpl Juan Tamad Talaga;
b. Written reply to the Memorandum submitted by PCpl Juan Tamad Talaga dated November 3,
2020; and
c. Office Order No. 011-2014 dated November 7, 2020, creating an investigation Committee to look
into the alleged complaint against PO3 Juan Tamad Talaga.

I. FACTS OF THE CASE:

On November 1, 2020, PMAJ PEPITO PEDRO, the Chief of Police forwarded a text message to
PLT NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR., the Deputy Chief of Police.

1. The text message as confirmed and communicated to by PMAJ PEPITO PEDRO reads, to
quote and unquote: “COL PEDRO, NABUTONG NAN OHA AN TAGUM AN HI SGT. TALAGA OT
TUKUTUKUKANA NADAN BINABAIN BALUD. KALYONAY KRIMINAL DA ANU. DAKOL DAY
TINATAGU TA WOMEN’S DAY IDIYEN OKASYON DI JAIL. DISIPLINAAM BAHAN SIR.”
English Translation:
“COL PEDRO, SGT. TALAGA, ONE OF YOUR MEN, WHILE DRUNK SHOUTED MANY TIMES
TO THE WOMEN DETAINEES TELLING THEM THAT THEY ARE CRIMINALS. THERE WERE
MANY PEOPLE DURING THAT DAY BECAUSE IT WAS THE WOMEN’S DAY, AN OCCASION
FOR THE BJMP. PLEASE DISCIPLINE HIM SIR.”
2. On verbal instruction of the COP, the undersigned directed PCpl Juan Tamad Talaga, through a
memorandum dated November 1, 2020 to explain in writing about the forwarded text message;

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 151

 3. On November 3, 2020, PCpl Juan Tamad Talaga submitted his reply to the memorandum, and his
allegations are quoted as follows:
“In connection to the memorandum, the text message sent to PMAJ PEDRO on November 1,
2020 which stated that the undersigned should be disciplined for allegedly being drunk and
shouted many times to the women detainees telling them that they are criminals, is not true.
The information was fabricated in order to destroy my reputation, credibility and personality. How
could I be drunk when all who know me are very sure that I no longer imbibe alcoholic beverages?
How could I be within the premises of the office when I was with my team leader, PEMS Pepe
Simplicio, in nearby barangay Ubuag conducting foot patrol? The person who is trying to wreak
havoc on my being a true gentleman must have mistakenly identified me!
In the interest justice, the undersigned invokes his right to confront his accuser in the proper
forum, and he desires that a formal complaint be filed against him, so that item by item, he could
defend himself.”
4. On November 4, 2020, the Director, Ifugao Provincial IAS, in his investigation report, approved
the recommendation of PEMS Pablo Simplicio, PIAS investigator. In the investigation report are
facts for consideration:
a. The alleged incident happened at about 5:00 o’clock in the afternoon on November 1, 2020 inside
the Hingyon Municipal Hall particularly at the lobby, around 25 meters away from the BJMP office.
Allegedly, PCpl Juan Talaga, while drunk shouted many times to the women detainees telling
them they are criminals. Afterward, a text message was sent to PMAJ PEDRO by an alleged
concerned BJMP personnel;
b. The police or the BJMP has not recorded or reported any unusual incident within the municipal
building on the time and date, as alleged in the text-message complaint. In addition, the sender of
the text message could not be identified as nobody from the BJMP personnel could acknowledge
said text message. This can be proved by the memorandum from the Municipal Jail Warden JSI
JULIAN A. GALI dated November 5, 2020, and the station’s police blotter, confirming that there
was indeed no unusual incident that transpired on that particular time and date;
c. NAPOLCOM MEMO CIRCULAR NO. 200-001, RULE 13, Section 1, Para D states that, “an
anonymous complaint maybe the basis of a formal complaint provided that the material allegations
contained therein may be validated.” It appears on records that the referred complaint is valid
basis of a formal complaint, but because of the stated reasons above, the material allegations
contained therein cannot be validated; hence, it cannot be treated as one;
d. In para V of the investigation report, to quote and unquote, “It is very clear and undisputable
that the allegations in this referred complaint was not proved by evidence; hence, it is highly
recommended that this alleged complaint against PCpl Juan Talaga be dropped and closed for
the same reason.”

II. ISSUES:

The alleged complaint boils down to two issues: whether or not PCpl Juan Talaga be held liable
for Simple Misconduct pursuant to NAPOLCOM MEMO CIRCULAR NO. 2007-001, Rule 21, Sec. 2, A (3)
(i).

III. DISCUSSION:

5. Slight or Simple Misconduct shall include but not limited to “use rude or insulting language or
exhibit similar rudeness in conduct to the public.”
6. The implication of the alleged text message complaint was an insulting or maligning accusation
against the detainees in deed requires an impartial investigation to determine its veracity, and
possibly the extent of administrative sanction.
7. It could not be a case of Conduct Unbecoming of a Police Officer complaint as lodged in the

152 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 PIAS investigation report because the alleged incident was a citizen’s complaint and not a breach
of internal discipline. These circumstances should be exemplified in order to distinguish the
substantial required evidence to prove guilt or innocence.
8. Conduct Unbecoming of a Police Officer refers to any behavior or action of the PNP member,
irrespective of rank, done in his official capacity which, is dishonoring or otherwise disgracing
himself as a PNP member which seriously compromises his character and standing as a gentleman
and in a manner as to indicate his vitiated or corrupt state of moral character; it may also refer
to acts or behavior of any PNP member in an unofficial or private capacity which is dishonoring
and disgracing himself personally, as a gentleman, seriously compromises his position as a PNP
member of the organization (Sec 3, Rule II NAPOLCOM MEMO CIR NO. 94-022). Misconduct,
on the other hand, refers to any wrongful, improper or unlawful conduct motivated by premeditated,
obstinate or intentional purpose. It usually refers to transgression of some established and definite
rule of action, where no discretion is left except what necessarily imply corruption or criminal
intention, but implies wrongful intention and not mere error of judgment (NAPOLCOM MEMO CIR
NO. 2007-001, Rule 21 Sec. 1 (3).
9. From the content of the text message complaint, it is clear that there was a wrongful, improper or
unlawful conduct that transgressed some personal rights and some established and definite rule
of action, and it was not a mere error of judgment. Nonetheless, the complaint was anonymous;
therefore, the PNP guidelines and policies on anonymous complaints shall apply.
10. Anonymous letters or complaints are invariably received at all levels of the command in the form
of unsigned letters and/or other forms and signatures are fictitious name or names of real persons
who will later deny their complaints as in the case of received telegrams and the like. The motives
of their authors are either dangerous or well-meaning. Normally, no anonymous letter will be
entertained or praised. This is to prevent their proliferation to prejudice the interest of the service
and/or their intended victims. On the other hand, though they may be anonymous, some letters
contain sufficient details of a wrongdoing to merit further investigation or action (Sec. 3, Rule XIV,
CSC Law and Rules, June 14, 1993).
11. Applying the Witnesses and Identification of Documents Rule which provides, “if the allegations
list down the names of witnesses and identify documents which can be used to substantiate
charges or otherwise appear to describe factually past incidents of wrongdoing, the Commander
concerned shall assign the case to any of his investigation units to gather necessary evidence to
prove the charges as a basis for instituting appropriate administrative and/or criminal action.
12. If the allegations do not satisfy the above rule, the Commander shall bring the said anonymous
letter or complaint to the personal attention of the PNP personnel complained of for the purpose
of making him aware and conscious of the accusation against him. The intention is self-correction
(if true) and to be cautious (if not true) of persons who are bent on harassing him. Thereafter,
the anonymous letter of complaint shall be considered closed and the letter or communication
related thereto destroyed (Compendium of Rules, Regulations and Directives Governing the PNP
Administrative Disciplinary Machinery).
13. Indeed there was already an impartial investigation conducted by PIAS, and established that
the alleged complainant has not come to the open to substantiate his/her accusation against
PCpl Juan Talaga. The text complaint failed to identify any documents or witnesses that could
substantiate the complaint, and form as basis for follow-up investigation.
14. Inasmuch as the PIAS has handed down its decision, the undersigned has to adopt their findings
and conclusion, there being no sign or taint of partiality, and further applying the principles of
res judicata also known as claim preclusion. This is a legal doctrine meant to bar (or preclude)
continued litigation of such cases between the same parties, which is different between the two
legal systems, and that a case in which there has been a final judgment and is no longer subject to
appeal. Res judicata does not merely prevent future judgments from contradicting earlier ones, but
also prevents litigants from multiplying judgments. It must be borne in mind that a PNP member
has constitutional rights to invoke and that investigators should not violate this.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 153

 15. The instant case falls under administrative proceedings and it follows that administrative due
process must be strictly observed; the liberty and property of the PNP member must be protected
with the observance of the rudimentary requirements of fair play.
IV. CONCLUSION:

16. NAPOLCOM MEMO CIRCULAR NO. 2007-001 provides that anonymous letter complaints can
be basis for investigation against erring PNP member especially when the complaint identifies
witnesses and documents as bases to substantiate the complaint, but in this instant case against
PCpl Juan Talaga, no witness or document was identified to mandate further investigation. It
would not end the process of investigation against PCpl Talaga, and even cause undue and unfair
prosecution if this instant case will remain under investigation. It must be clear that this alleged
incident transpired last November 1, 2020, and despite the lapse of time the alleged complainant
failed to substantiate the complaint and to confront PCpl Talaga. Under the rules, PCpl Talaga has
the right to confront his accuser, and determine the extent of the true accusation so PCpl Talaga
can intelligently prepare his defense;
17. There being no other basis for the text message complaint to formally charge PCpl Talaga, it
would be wise and proper to conclude that the alleged complainant is a fictitious one, and that the
allegations have no basis in fact and in law.
V. RECOMMENDATION:

18. PREMISES CONSIDERED, THE UNDERSIGNED Summary Hearing Officer strongly recommends
the following:
a. The administrative complaint against PCpl Talaga for Simple Misconduct be DROPPED
and CLOSED for lack of merit;
b. That PCpl Juan Tamad Talaga be reminded that an anonymous letter complaint can be
basis of formal investigation especially when the anonymous letter complaint could identify
witnesses and documents to substantiate the allegations;
c. That PCpl Juan Talaga should conduct himself as a true gentleman, and an officer if the
allegations in the text message complaint are true, and be cautious it were not; and
d. This investigation report shall form part of subject PNCO’s 201 file.
Hingyon, Ifugao this 16th day of November 2020.

NANDREV B. ODNAN, JR.

Police Major
Summary Hearing Officer

APPROVED/DISAPPROVED

PEPITO ORDEP PEDRO

Police Lieutenant Colonel
Chief of Police

_____________________________
(Date)

154 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Police Operational Plan – this is done by the PNP in order that they could be able to efficiently and
effectively achieve their goals and objectives of whatever police operation they thought of doing like
conducting patrol in the community, police operation against the New People’s Army or other wanted
persons, VIP security, campaign against illegal drugs, and the like. This could also be done for the safe
and orderly conduct or celebration of significant activities like Panagbenga, Gotad ad Ifugao, Imbayah, All
Souls Day, Labor Day, Independence Day, etc. It is usually classified as confidential, secret or top secret
depending on its significance to peace and order, and security.

Parts of a Police Operational Plan

Situation – this explains the current condition of an area of responsibility. It could also be a statement of
all present circumstances in a given area that might significantly affect the conduct of what the police had
thought to accomplish.

Mission – this is a statement of what the police intends to accomplish. It could be to safeguard a VIP,
conduct patrol for the preservation of peace and order, conduct surveillance or undercover operations,
etc.

Execution – this usually consists of two parts: the Concept of Operation, and the Tasks. The Concept of
Operation generally shows how the operational plan will be carried out in order to accomplish the stated
mission, and the Tasks enumerate specific responsibilities of each of the different divisions or units.

Administration and Logistics – this consists of a list of the names of those who will participate in the police
operation, including the key officers. The equipment needed for the operation will also be included.

Command and Signal – this shows how communication is done and passed during the police operation.
It also includes passwords, and call signs.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 155

Example of a Patrol Plan

Republic of the Philippines

National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

CABABUYAN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Cababuyan, Ifugao
November 16, 2020

CMPS PATROL PLAN

I. REFERENCES:

a. IPPO Anti-Criminality Campaign;

b. Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS); and

c. Memo from PD, Ifugao dated November 15, 2020.

II. PUROSE:

This PATROL PLAN prescribes the operational guidelines and procedures to be undertaken by
CMPS personnel during patrol operations to enhance the campaign on crime prevention and control in
relation to the implementation of the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS).

III. INTRODUCTION:

The area of responsibility of Cababuyan Municipal Police Station covers twelve (12) barangays.
Though it has the largest land area and population among the municipalities of Ifugao, the crime situation
is very manageable. Crimes against property, however, have been on the rise for the past three (3) months
like robbery, theft and malicious mischief. The commission of these crimes, especially in populated areas
during nighttime, bears a negative impact on the community’s perception of the town’s peace and order
situation and the police’s efficiency and effectiveness in carrying out its mandated tasks. Most of the
victims are local and foreign tourists who visit nearby Banaue Rice Terraces as well as some government
employees who have to leave their houses for work during weekdays. Ninety-five percent of the suspects,
however, have been apprehended including the recent arrest of Juan Tamad y Talaga, the number one
among the Top 10 Most Wanted Persons, province-wide.

IV. MISSION:

CMPS, concurrent with its present mission and functions, shall conduct intensified foot and mobile
patrol operations to prevent the commission of crimes, prevent terrorist activities, protect local and foreign
tourists and the public, ensure the smooth flow of traffic, and maintain peace and order.

V. EXECUTION:

A. Concept of Operation:

A.1. Beat and Mobile Patrol

The Beat and Mobile Patrol system shall be the primary crime-prevention scheme, and as much
as possible, both the beat and mobile patrol should be done by the patrollers especially in populated
places or areas whether night or day. With the intention of discouraging would-be law violators, patrollers

156 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

must make sure that they are very visible, so that they have to position themselves in strategic places and
should be always in proper police uniform. As a precautionary measure, all patrollers should not adopt a
pattern of patrolling procedure.

Mobile units shall only report to the police station when requested for administrative duties or
for other concerns. Both beat and mobile patrol shall not leave their respective beats or posts unless
properly relieved.

To be more efficient and effective in carrying out the beat and mobile patrol system, the park, walk,
and go patrol scheme must be applied in patrolling crime-prone areas.

A.2. PATROL PROCEDURES:

1. Roll Call
a. Incoming shift supervisor conducts roll call of all incoming shift members of the patrol team in
the presence of the outgoing shift supervisor.
b. Check whether all personnel are in proper uniforms.
c. Inspect the equipment of all personnel whether they are in good working condition.
d. Inspect all personnel whether they are physically, mentally and emotionally prepared.

2. Pre-Deployment Briefing
a. Outgoing Shift Supervisor
• Briefs the incoming shift of everything that transpired during their TOD.
• Turns over all cases and concerns to incoming shift supervisor for follow-up or proper
disposition.

b. Incoming Shift Supervisor

• Disseminates specific directives for the day from Local Chief Executive, COP, PD, D-Staff,
Command Group, or RD for follow-up or appropriate action.
• Disseminates ongoing and incoming activities or events for information.
• Gives specific instructions to solve issues and concerns brought out during the debriefing.
• Informs shift members of the overall crime situation.
• Assigns tasks to incoming shift members.
• Gives overall guidance for the day in the absence of the overall supervisor (COP or DCOP).

c. Overall Supervisor
• Gives overall guidance for the day.
• Gives the go signal for deployment.

3. Patrol of Respective Sectors

a) Foot Patrol Members:
• Walk their beat and communicate with people of all walks of life, taking note of their names,
addresses, contact numbers and most importantly, their concerns with regard to peace
and order in their respective residences.
• Observe and monitor unusual public gatherings.
• Arrest law violators infragrante delicto.
• Remove or take note, for referral to appropriate agencies, hazards to public safety such
as busted street lights, open manholes, uncollected garbage, and water and gas leakage).

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 157

 • Contact their beat intelligence network.
• Take necessary actions regarding everything that they perceive as suspicious whether
seen, smelled, touched, heard or tasted.
• Check structures or buildings and compounds which may be the hiding places of would-be
criminals or scenes of ongoing crimes.
• Respond immediately to calls for police assistance.
• Enforce Municipal Ordinances on liquor establishments and other houses of ill repute.
• During nighttime, call the attention of owners of unsecured establishments and houses.
• Assist pedestrians or tourists and provide them information about significant locations in
the town.
• Visit and dialogue with barangay officials, owners of establishments, schools and religious
authorities, and occupants or owners of residential houses.
• Entertain complaints from the public and refer to the concerned agency for appropriate
action.
• Take action to a crime in progress as the first responder.
• Report all other occurrences and conditions which relate to crime, public safety, and peace
and order.
• Help, at all times, the aged, and the infirm.

b) Mobile Patrol
• The mobile patrol should observe all that are enumerated under foot patrol.
• At times, conduct a clockwise or clockwise pattern of patrol immediately after assuming
tour of duty.
• Patrol not just main streets, but most importantly the back streets especially during
nighttime.

4. After-Patrol Report
a) The After-foot report shall be accomplished and submitted by the beat patrollers.
b) The After-mobile patrol report shall be accomplished and submitted by mobile patrollers.
5. Debriefing
a) Shift supervisor checks the attendance of outgoing shift members.
b) Shift members brief patrol team leader and shift supervisor on incidents encountered, and
weaknesses or deficiencies noted in the conduct of the patrol.
c) Significant incidents for follow up are turned over.

6. Log Report
a) Shift members will accomplish log reports after their TOD and submit them to the     supervisor.

B. Tasks:

1. Operations Branch
• Shall be the primary supervisor in the implementation of this Patrol Plan.
2. Administrative Branch
• Effect personnel deployment in consonance with the crime situation in the AOR, and
• Perform other tasks on orders

158 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 3. Patrol Division
• OPR in the implementation of this Patrol Plan.
• Formulate a weekly Patrol Deployment Plan.
• Monitor the patrol activities of the station relative to its campaign against all forms of criminality,
and
• Perform other tasks on orders.
4. Intelligence Division
• Assist the tasked personnel in providing timely intelligence information on target criminal
elements and their activities, and
• Perform other tasks on orders.
5. Tactical Operations Center
• Formulate a radio net diagram of tasked personnel
• Monitor the patrol activities of tasked personnel, and
• Perform other tasks on orders
6. Police Community Relations Division
• Assist the tasked personnel in harnessing community support
• Furnish tasked personnel copies of tips on crime prevention for distribution to the community
during patrol, and
• Perform other tasks on orders.
7. Human Resource, Doctrine and Development section
• Design training programs to enhance the capability of the personnel in the area of patrol, and
• Perform other tasks on orders.
8. Investigation and Detective Management Division
• monitor and oversee the investigation and disposition of cases, and
• perform other tasks on orders
9. Supply Management Section
• Provide logistics support to all tasked personnel, and
• Perform other tasks on orders

VI. COORDINATING INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Personnel on patrol shall coordinate with respective Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams
(BPAT) to augment them in the conduct of patrol.
2. As the need arises and on order of the COP, administrative personnel shall be deployed for beat
patrol at the Town’s Public Market.
3. At all times, personnel on patrol must be very courteous when engaging the public.
4. Patrol personnel shall be in complete uniform and carry complete equipment during tour of duty.
5. Matters requiring decision by the COP shall be relayed to the TOC.
6. The Police Operational Procedures and other applicable SOPs regarding the conduct of police
operations shall be strictly observed.
7. Patrol personnel shall make every effort to make their presence felt in the community.
8. Every shift, patrol personnel shall communicate with at least twenty (20) members of the
community, and take note of their names, contact numbers, addresses, and most importantly
their concerns regarding peace and order in their respective places of residence.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 159

VII. COMMAND AND SIGNAL:

Command – CMPS
Signal – Current CEOI in effect

7. EFFECTIVITY:

This Patrol Plan takes effect immediately upon approval.

NANDREF B. ODNAN, JR.

Police Major
Chief of Police

160 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

MEMORANDUM

FOR : Provincial Director

Ifugao Provincial Police Office
Cp Dunuan, Lagawe, Ifugao

Attn: Inves Div

FROM : Chief of Police

SUBJECT : CIPLAN Funding, Request for

Date : July 1, 2020

CASE INVESTIGATION PLAN “ JUAN TAMAD AND CULASSA MANEN”

REFERENCES:

a. Memorandum from PIDMB dated June 10, 2020 re Guidelines in the       Utilization of 2020
Investigation Fund Increment; and
b. Memorandum from PIDMB dated June 20, 2020 re List of Unsolved     cases covering the period
from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2020.

I. SITUATION:

Relative to the continuous monitoring and investigation of unsolved cases within Hingyon,
Ifugao, members of this station headed by the chief of police PMAJ NANDREF B. ODNAN came up
with a priority target list of unsolved cases starting from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2020 subject for
follow-up investigation in the hope of finally filing appropriate charges in court. Among the priority target
lists of unsolved cases include two crimes of Robbery Homicide and Robbery (Akyat Bahay) that this
station plans to continue to investigate and solve. Considering the conduct of the investigation and the
subsequent operations on the two cases involved, request that this Case Investigation Plan (CIPLAN) be
funded amounting to eighty-one thousand (81,000.00) pesos only for the duration of four (4) months be
approved.

A. Background information on merits of CIPLAN proposal that leads to      the justification of the
project.

The two (2) priority target list of unsolved cases of Hingyon Municipal Police Station involves the
killing (robbery-homicide) of Culassa Manen, 34 years old, born on December 1, 1981, single, vendor
and a resident at Barangay Cababuyan North, Hingyon, Ifugao who was killed by the use of a blunt object
at about 2:30 o’clock in the morning on February 12, 2019 by an unidentified perpetrator in a creek at
Barangay O-ong, Hingyon, Ifugao.

The next priority target list of unsolved cases also involves the Robbery (akyat bahay) of one Juan
Tamad, a resident at Barangay Umalbong, Hingyon, Ifugao wherein unidentified suspect/s gained entry
into his house by climbing the terrace, opened the room which was unlocked and took their personal

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 161

belongings such as; Nikon D90 camera worth Ninety thousand (90,000.00) pesos and One kilogram of
pure gold worth Sixty million (60,000,000.00) pesos. Due to insufficiency of evidence, no case was filed
in court to date.

B. Factors that surround the Situation:

These two cases have no witnesses available and no evidence recovered: thus, it would be
very difficult for the investigator to establish the facts of the case. It would be recalled that these cases
happened in two separate barangays. Like the case of Culassa Manen, her permanent address is
Jolo, Sulu, far from Hingyon, Ifugao where no means of communication is available with her immediate
family for the establishment of the facts of the case. This condition affects police response time and the
destruction or alteration of pieces of evidence.

With this predicament, this office would have to pursue a deeper investigation involving the
community and other law enforcement agencies to solve the cases through this Case Investigation Plan.

II. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE CIPLAN PROPOSAL

Founded on Memo dated February 29, 2019 with subject: List of Unsolved Cases that are still under
Investigation covering the period from January 2018 to June 30, 2020; Memorandum from PIDMB dated
June 10, 2020 re Guidelines in the Utilization of 2020 Investigation Fund Increment; and Memorandum
from PIDMB dated June 20, 2020 re List of Unsolved cases covering the period from January 1, 2018 to
June 30, 2020. This Investigation Plan is prepared with the objective of conducting a deeper investigation
on the two cases mentioned above for the possible:
a. identification of the suspect/s;
b. location of the suspect/s; and
c. gathering of pieces of evidence to substantiate their guilt.

III. OUTLINE OF CIPLAN OPERATION

a. Tasking of CIPLAN personnel

The CIPLAN personnel shall be guided by the specific tasks indicated for proper accomplishment
of the objective as follows:
1. Task Group Commander – responsible for the overall direction, control and proper implementation
of the CIPLAN.
2. Assistant Task Group Commander
a. Assists the task group commander in the implementation of the  CIPLAN.
b. Performs other tasks as directed.
3. Legal Officer
a. Assists the task group/investigating team in the legal aspect of the investigation especially in
the filing of the case.
b. Performs other tasks as directed.
4. Head, Investigating Team
a. Supervises the overall conduct of the investigation.
b. Supplies the necessary requirements to the investigating team.
c. Prepares and maintains case folders and other results of the investigation.
d. In-charge of all team’s coordination and cooperation with other law enforcement units/

162 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 agencies.
e. Performs other tasks as directed.
5. Team Leader
a. Supervises the team members in the conduct of investigation.
b. Ensures the proper handling and processing of possible  witnesses and other pieces of
evidence essential in the filing of the case.
c. Performs other tasks as directed.
6. Senior Investigator
a. Responsible for the actual investigation process especially, but not limited to, the process/
control in coordination with other  law enforcement agencies and support counterparts.
b. Responsible for the identification, location and collection of all pieces of evidence.
c. Responsible for the identification, location and processing of all possible witnesses.
d. Conducts profiling of both victims and suspects.
e. Supervises junior investigators in the conduct of investigation.
f. Performs other tasks as directed.
7. Investigators
a. Assists the senior investigator in the entire investigation.
b. Acts as affiant in relation to the findings of the investigation.
c. Performs other tasks as directed.
C. Planned operations include types of operation (covert, surveillance and duration of the
operation)

The task group investigators shall gather all essential pieces of evidence relative to the subject
cases through the conduct thorough:
a. background/record check of all suspects and victims to determine the motive of the incident;
b. secure medical reports, if any;
c. Identify and locate possible witnesses and obtain their respective statements useful in the
investigation;
d. determine the possibility for application of search warrant as well as the conduct of raid or search
and seizure operation against identified suspects;
e. exercise diligence in the investigation of the case by ensuring that all issues relevant to the case
will be properly investigated.

Upon completion of the investigation, all collected pieces of evidence must be:
a. carefully evaluated and assistance from technical experts regarding the recovered evidence, if
any, must be sought;
b. seeking of legal assistance from legal officer relative to the filing of appropriate charges in court if
warranted.
D. Witnesses and Information Management

In the course of the investigation, the investigators shall exert efforts in:
a. identifying possible witnesses and obtain their statements; and

b. identify those who first took cognizance of the case for eventual coordination especially the PNP
first responders.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 163

E. Reports and frequency of submission of Criminal Investigative Assessment Report

The task group investigators shall prepare reports on the conduct of their investigation and
observe a periodic submission of reports and continuous update of the case investigation plan as follows:
a. update/progress report shall be submitted weekly;
b. development reports shall be submitted monthly; and
c. final investigation report shall be submitted upon the solution of the case.

IV. OUTLINE OF CIPLAN ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTION

A. Finances

For purposes of this case investigation plan on these two cases, the estimated cost of investigation
is broken down as follows:
a. office supplies and additional office equipment P35,000.0
b. food and other meal allowances of personnel 6,000.0
c. action agents/witnesses 7,000.0
d. POL transportation and other travel expenses 18,000.0
e. cellphone loads 6,000.0
f. miscellaneous 9,000.0
Total = 81,000.0

B. Supplies and Equipment

The supplies and equipment needed for the accomplishment of this CIPLAN consist of the
following:
a. two (2) reams long bond paper
b. five (5) pieces pilot black ballpen
c. one (1) laptop
d. four (4) cartridges of computer black ink
e. ten (10 pieces long brown envelope
f. one (1) digital camera for documentation
g. two (2) pieces 8-gig USB

C. Transportation

Members of the task investigation group shall make use of:

a. PNP-issued Motor Star motorcycles;
b. PNP-issued XUV Izusu Crosswind vehicle as means of transportation;
c. private vehicles when necessary especially when going to the place of incident where possible
witnesses are present.

164 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

D. Communication

The best means of communication for better coordination is the use of:
a. globe and smart cell phones; and
b. other means of communication to facilitate coordination with witnesses and other law enforcement
agencies.

E. Liaising with non PNP units that are part of CIPLAN such as the prosecuting team, witnesses
and informants

Liaising with the legal team, witnesses and informants is indispensable for the success of
investigation especially in the filing of appropriate charges in court.

V. INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF CIPLAN PROPOSAL

This case investigation plan (CIPLAN) Juan Tamad and Culassa Manen is formulated for the
purpose of conducting deeper investigation particularly on the two cases mentioned above. Considering
the situation that there are no witnesses available and no piece of evidence recovered by the first
responders, the task investigation group shall start their approach by determining the motive of the
incident then proceed with the case buildup in the hope of completing the case folder for the eventual
filing of charges in court.

TASK ORGANIZATION

PMAJ NANDREF B. ODNAN Task Group Commander

PCAPT JACK AMMO Asst. Task Group Commander
PLT WISE PEMAN, JR. Head, Investigating Team
PEMS Jane Cho Team Leader/Investigator
PCMS Hawk Balahap Senior Investigator
PSSg Bron James Investigator

VI. EFFECTIVITY:

This Case Investigation Plan shall take effect immediately upon approval.

NANDREF B. ODNAN
Police Major
Chief of Police

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 165

Coordination Form:

Republic of the Philippines

National Police Commission
Philippine National Police

BAKUN MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION

Poblacion Uno, Bakun, Benguet

I. (To be accomplished by Coordinating Unit)

a. Date/Time of Coordination: _______________________________
b. Coordinating Unit: ______________________________________
c. Team Leader: __________________________________________
(Rank/Surname/First Name/MI/Designation)
d. Number of Personnel Involved: ____________________________
e. Description of Vehicles Involved:

TYPE MAKE COLOR PLATE NR

1.
2.
3.
f. Nature of Operations: ____________________________________
g. Duration of Operations: __________________________________

________________________
Signature
II. (To be accomplished by receiving Territorial Police Unit)
a. Date/Time Received: ____________________________________
b. Name of Receiving Personnel: _____________________________
(Rank/Surname/First Name/Designation)
c. Name of Receiving Unit: __________________________________

________________________
Signature

166 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Return of Warrant:

_____________________
Date

Honorable ___________________
Presiding Judge
____________________________

Sir/Madam:

Respectfully return the attached Warrant of Arrest in Criminal Case No. _________________ for
Violation of _____________ [Annex“A”] issued by the Honorable Court on __________________ with
the information that accused, _____________________________ was arrested by elements of this unit
led by _____________________________________________ inside the residence of _____________
________________________.
Arrested person was apprised of his constitutional rights during the arrest and then brought to the
____________________ for documentation and proper disposition. [Annex “B”]. He was referred to
the PNP Crime Laboratory Group for physical and medical examination [Annex “C”] and subsequently
turned over to _________________________ for temporary commitment [Annex “D”] pending the
issuance of a Commitment Order by the Honorable Court.

Request acknowledge receipt.

Very truly yours,

Incls:

A – Warrant of Arrest in CC No. ____________

B – Booking Sheets
C – Request for Physical Exam
D – Request for temporary commitment
E – Photo of accused

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 167

Sinumpaang Salaysay:

MALAYAATKUSANG LOOB NASALAYSAYNI ___________ NABINIGAYKAY_______________________

DITO SA HIMPILAN NG________________________NGAYONG_____________ HUMIGIT KUMULANG
____________ NG _______ SA HARAPAN NI _______________________ AT____________________.

x--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x

PASUBALI: __________________, ikaw ngayon ay nahaharap sa isang pagsisiyasat na may kaugnayan

sa kasong paglabag sa ___________________. Bago natin ipagpatuloy ang pagsisiyasat na ito, nais ko
munang ipaalam sa iyo ang iyong mga karapatan alinsunod sa itinadhana ng umiiral na Bagong Saligang
Batas ng Republika ng Pilipinas na nagsasaad ng mga sumusunod na karapatan:

a. Na ikaw ay may karapatang manahimik o di kaya huwag sumagot sa lahat ng aking itatanong sa iyo.
Naiintindihan mo ba ito?
SAGOT: Opo. _________________

b. Na ikaw ay may karapatang kumuha ng isang abogado na iyong pinili at kung wala kang makuhang
sarili mong abogado, ang opisinang ito ay nakahandang bigyan ka ng isang libreng abogado upang siya
ang iyong maging gabay o patnubay sa imbestigasyong ito. Naiintindihan mo ba ito?
SAGOT: Opo. _________________

c. Na ikaw ay may karapatang malaman na ang iyong mga karapatang itinadhana ng ating Bagong
Saligang Batas at ang dahilan ng imbestigasyon na ito at ang lahat ng iyong sasabihin dito ay maaring
gamitin pabor o laban sa iyo sa lahat ng hukuman dito sa Pilipinas.
SAGOT: Opo. ________________

TANONG 1: __________________, matapos kong maipabatid sa iyo ang iyong mga karapatan pantao
na naaayon sa ating Bagong Saligang Batas, ang mga ito ba ay iyong nauunawaan?
SAGOT 1: Opo. _______________

T2: Nais mo bang ipagpatuloy ang pagsisiyasat na ito?

SAGOT 2: Opo. _______________

T3: Kung gayon, ikaw ba ay nakahandang magbigay ng iyong malaya at kusang loob na salaysay na ito
sa harap ng mga saksi?
SAGOT3 : Opo. _______________
T4: Kailangang mo pa ba ang patnubayan ng isang abogado sa pagsisiyasat na ito?
SAGOT 4: Opo. _______________

T5: Mayroon ka bang napiling abogado na siyang gagabay sa iyo sa pagsisiyasat na ito?
SAGOT 5: Opo. ______________

T6: Sino naman ang abogadong napili mo?

SAGOT 6: Si Atty. _________________ po.

T7: Nakahanda ka bang lumagda sa isang pagpapatunay na ikaw ay magbibigay ng iyong malaya at
kusang loob na salaysay sa harapan ng iyong piling abogado na si Atty. _________________, na hindi
ka pinilit, tinakot, o di kaya ay pinangakuan ng ano pa mang pabuya kapalit ng gagawain mong salaysay?
SAGOT 7: Opo. _______________

T8: Ikaw ba ay nakahandang magsabi ng katotohanan at pawang katotohanan lamang?

SAGOT 8: Opo. _____________

168 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

PAGPAPATUNAY

Ako, si _____________________________, ___ taong, nakatira sa _____________________________,

ay pinaliwanawagan ni _________________________ ng aking mga karapatan na itinadhana alinsunod
sa ating Bagong Saligang Batas at ang lahat ng ito ay naganap sa harap ng aking piling abogado na si
Atty. ______________.
Ang lahat ng ito ay aking naunawaan. Ako ay hindi tinakot, pinilit, o di kaya ay pinangakuan ng ano pa
mang bagay of pabuya kapalit ng aking salaysay.
_____________________
Nagsasalaysay

Nagbigay ng Patnubay:
__________________
Atty. ______________

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 169

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Justice
OFFICE OF THE CITY/PROVINCIAL PROSECUTOR
City/Province of __________

____________________ I.S. No. ____________________

Complainant, FOR: Violation of Article____, RPC
(State the Specific Violations)
-versus-
_____________________,
Respondent
x---------------------------------x

REQUEST FOR PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

AND WAIVER OF ARTICLE 125, REVISED PENAL CODE
I, ________________________, respondent in the above entitled complaint, and with the assistance of
my counsel, wish to avail myself of my right to a preliminary investigation and for this purpose, I hereby
voluntarily waive my rights under the provisions of Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code. Pending the
completion of the preliminary investigation proceedings, I agree to remain under police custody.
_____________, Philippines ____________________, 20__

_______________________
Respondent
(Signature over printed name)

ASSISTED BY:
    __________________
Counsel
(Signature over printed name)
Address __________________________
Tel No. __________________
Rolls of Attorney No. _______

170 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
NATIONAL CAPITAL JUDICIAL REGION
Branch ________, City of ___________

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, SEARCH WARRANT NO._____

                                      Plaintiff, FOR: Violation of Article __, RPC
(State the Specific Violations)
-versus-
____________________,
Respondent
x----------------------------------------x
APPLICATION FOR SEARCH WARRANT

COMES NOW, the undersigned, _________________________ presently assigned at ___________

_____________________________ and having been duly sworn to in accordance with law do hereby
depose and state the following under oath:
1. That he was informed and verily believes that ________ (name of the person to be searched), who
may be found at the premises _______________ (complete address of the place to be searched),
is in possession or has in his control a property (subject of the offense; stolen or embezzled and
other proceeds or fruits of the offense; used or intended to be used as a means of committing an
offense), which he is keeping and concealing in the premises above described.
2. That the undersigned has verified the report and found it to be a fact and was confirmed to him
by his witnesses, Police _______________ and Police _______________________, who were
able to gain entry into the aforementioned premises of the respondent, and has therefore reason
to believe that search warrant should be issued to enable the undersigned to take possession and
bring to this Court the following described property:
a.
b. (Complete and detailed description of the property to be seized)
3. WHEREFORE, the undersigned prays to this Honorable Court to issue a search warrant
authorizing him and or his men or any peace officer to search the premises and if machines are
attached to the ground, padlock the premises described in this application and to seize and bring
to this Honorable Court the personal property above described to be dealt with the full accord with
existing laws.

City of __________________, Philippines, ___ day of ________, 20__.

____________________
Applicant

RECOMMEND APPROVAL FOR FILING: APPROVEDFOR FILING:

______________ __________________
(Unit Head) (Chief of Office)

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 171

Republic of the Philippines)
____________________) s.s.
x _____________________x

JOINT AFFIDAVIT

We, Police _______________________ and Police _______________, both of legal age, bonafide
members of the Philippines National Police and presently assigned with ___________________________
after having been duly sworn to in accordance with law, hereby depose and declare the following:
That we were the investigators/operatives tasked to conduct necessary surveillance on (state the
purpose or reasons for such surveillance) located at _______________________________.
That on ______________, at around ____________, in order to ascertain the veracity of the
report, we proceeded to (the exact location of the place intended to be searched), where we were able
to gain entry inside the said premises (state the means employed in gaining entry into the premises) and
we were able to see for ourselves the properties (subject of the offense; stolen or embezzled and other
proceeds or fruits of the offense; used or intended to be used as a means of committing an offense),
being kept and concealed in the above stated premises and particularly described as follows:
a.
b. (Complete and detailed description of the properties)
That having confirmed the presence of said properties on the above stated premises, we are
executing this affidavit to support our application for the issuance of a Search Warrant for the projected
search and seizure of (state the properties intended to be seized) at the aforementioned address and the
arrest of suspects for violation of ____________.

IN WITNESS HEREOF, we affixed our signatures over our printed names below this ______ day
of ________ 20__ at Camp Crame, Quezon City.

_______________________ _______________________
         Affiant                            Affiant

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this ________ day of ___________________ at

____________________.

________________________
      Administering Officer

This further certifies that I personally examined both affiants and I am personally satisfied that
they fully read and understood its contents and that they freely and voluntarily executed the same.
________________________
      Administering Officer

172 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Republic of the Philippines
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
Branch ______, City of _______

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, SEARCH WARRANT NO. ____

                                     Plaintiff, FOR: Violation of Article__, RPC
(State the Specific Violation)
-versus-
                                                                                         _______________________,
Respondent
x-----------------------------------------x

DEPOSITION OF WITNESSES
We, ______________________________ after having been duly sworn to testifies, as follows:
Q - What are your names and other personal circumstances?
A - We are ______________ and _____________ both of legal ages, and married and single,
respectively, bonafide members of the Philippine National Police and presently assigned with the
__________________________.
Q - Do you know __________, the applicant for search warrant?
A - Yes Sir, he is presently assigned with _________________.
Q - Do you know the premises of _____________in ______?
A - Yes Sir.
Q - Do you have personal knowledge that in said premises the following properties are being kept, being
used or intended to be used without proper document?:
A - Yes Sir.
Q - Do you personally know who is/are the person/s who has/ have control of the above-described
properties?
A - Yes Sir.
Q - How did you know that the said properties are kept in his/her premises which are subject of the
offense?
A - We conducted discreet surveillance and it was confirmed that _____________ is keeping
___________________ in his/her premises/residence.

___________________________ ___________________________
        Deponent          Deponent

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this ________ day of ______________ 20__ at

__________________.
___________________________
   Administering Officer

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 173

______________
Date

RECEIPT FOR PROPERTY SEIZED

THIS IS TO CERTIFY that the undersigned has seized and taken possession of the property herein below
described from Mr./Ms.___________, at __________________ in accordance with Search Warrant No.
______________ issued by Honorable Judge ______________ of RTC Branch __________, dated
_________________ which seizure was done in the presence of Mr./Ms._____________________
to whom the original of this receipt was given, in the presence of _____________________ and
______________ as witnesses, on ______________ 20__.
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION REMARKS
_________ _____________________ ____________________
_________ _____________________ ____________________
_________ _____________________ ____________________

________________________
Signature over printed name
Seizing Officer

WITNESS TO SEIZURE AND INVENTORY:

1. _______________________ 2. _______________________
Signature over printed name Signature over printed name
_________________
_________________
_________________
Address
_________________
Date/Time

174 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 CERTIFICATION OF ORDERLY SEARCH

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

THIS IS TO CERTIFY that at about ___________________ of _________ 20__, a team from

__________________ led by ________________ conducted search in my residence/premises at
___________________ by virtue of Search Warrant No. ________ issued by Judge ________________
of RTC Branch Quezon City _______________ on 20__.
That I was present at all times and has witnessed the conduct of the search which was done in an orderly
manner, no unnecessary force was employed, nobody was hurt nor was there anything lost nor property
taken without official receipt.
That the search was conducted in accordance with law and in view hereof, I do not have any complaint
whatsoever against any member of the ____________________team that conducted the search.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I/WE have hereunto affixed my/our signature this ___________ 20__ at
_____________________.
_______________________________________
Owner/Custodian of Property Subject of Search
WITNESSES:
_________________
_________________
_________________

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this __________ day of ____________________

20__ at __________________.

CERTIFICATION

THIS IS TO CERTIFY that I have personally examined the herein affiant and I am fully satisfied that he/
she voluntarily executed and understood his/her statement.

________________________
                                Administering Officer

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 175

 Republic of the Philippines
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
Branch ______, City of _______

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, SEARCH WARRANT NO. ____

                                     Plaintiff, FOR: Violation of Article __,RPC
-versus- (State the Specific Violations)
                                                                                   __________________________,
Respondent.
x--------------------------------------------x

COMPLIANCE/RETURN OF SEARCH WARRANT

COMES NOW, the undersigned Police Major _________________ of the ___________________________,

and unto this Honorable Court, most respectfully return the original Search Warrant No. __________ duly
issued by this Honorable Court dated ____________ and manifest that:
On ___________, at about ______________, a Search Warrant issued by this Honorable Court was
served at the premises of the above-named respondent at _________________.

The following articles, subject of the warrant, were found by the said office during the search:
a.
b.
c.
All the articles confiscated were under proper receipts and are now in the custody of the
undersigned.
WHEREOF, it is respectfully prayed of this Honorable Court that the return of the Search Warrant
No. _______ be accepted and granting the undersigned to have the custody of the afore-cited articles
until the termination of the investigation.

Camp Crame, Quezon City, this _____________.

_______________________
             Applicant

176 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES)
____________________________)
x-----------------------------------------------x

VERIFICATION

I, ___________________________, after having been sworn to in accordance with law, hereby depose
and say:
That all the allegation contained on the Compliance/Return of the Search Warrant are true and correct
and are of my personal knowledge.
________________________
Applicant

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this ____ day of _________ at _________________.

_______________________
                                Administering Officer

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 177

 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police
HINGYON MUNICIPAL POLICE STATION
Poblacion, Hingyon, Ifugao

BOOKING SHEET AND ARREST REPORT

NAME: __________________________________________ ALIAS: ___________________________

(Surname) (First Name) (Middle Name)
Address: __________________________________________________________________________
Date of Birth: ______________________ Sex: ___________________ Nationality: ________________
Age: ________________ Civil Status ___________________ Occupation: ______________________
Educational Attainment : ______________________________________________________________
Height ___________________ Weight ___________________ Complexion: _____________________
Identifying Marks (scar, mole, etc.): ______________________________________________________
Name and address of nearest relative: ___________________________________________________
Relationship: ___________________________ Offense Committed: ___________________________
Date/time/place of commission: _________________________________________________________
Date/time/place of arrest: _____________________________________________________________
Arrested By: ________________________________________________________________________
Unit Assignment: ____________________________________________________________________
Facts known to arresting officer/s: ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
     (Signature of arresting officer) (Signature of arrested person)

178 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Right Thumb Right Index Right Middle Right Ring Right Little

Left Thumb Left Index Left Middle Left Ring Left Little

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Left Hand Left Thumb Right Thumb Right Hand

179
 Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission
Philippine National Police
(Unit)
(Unit’s address)
AFTER BEAT PATROL REPORT
(to be accomplished by Beat Patrollers and Team Leader)

Beat: _______________________________ Date: ___________________________________
Station: _____________________________ Time started patrol: ________________________
Shift: _______________________________ Time ended patrol: ________________________

1. Narrative of crime incidents that happened during our TOD and actions taken, if any (5 Ws and
1H).
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Narrative of other unusual incidents with actions taken, if any (5 Ws and 1 H).
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Result of compliance with specific directives during pre-deployment briefing.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Public Safety Assistance, if any.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Other patrol activities, if any (enumerate).
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Prepared by: Acknowledged by:

_________________________ ________________________         
Beatman                      Beat Patrol Leader

180 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Checklist for the Initial Action of the First Responder

No. Activity Yes No

Life-saving measures (Give First Aid)
1 - check any signs of life
- check any signs of death
Apprehend the suspected perpetrator
- In an incident that occurred recently, apprehend the perpetrator    immediately
- conduct initial interview with all people in the crime scene
2 - ask about the escape route of the suspect
- pass on the information regarding the escape route of the suspect to the local,
Provincial and Regional Police Office.
- interview the witnesses or the person involved in the incidents
Protect Evidence
- Cordon the crime scene with police line tape or rope
- Guard the cordoned areas
- Put up warning signs in the cordoned areas
- Ensure that the cordoned area is sufficiently large
3
- Prevent unauthorized person/s to enter the crime scene
- Victim/s and suspect/s must not be allowed to enter the crime scene
- Leave the crime scene untouched
- Preserve the crime scene
- Victim/s and suspect/s must be kept apart
Collect the evidence (only if necessary as when the evidence might otherwise be
destroyed)
- Avoid contamination
- Avoid any two object evidence from coming into contact
- Check for materials such as fibers and hair suspended in the air
- Use protective clothing (overalls, caps, gloves and disposable shoe   coverings) when
4 entering a crime scene and collecting trace evidence
- One police officer should conduct the crime scene investigation
- Another police officer accompanies the victim
- Cars involved in the crime scene must be examined on site
- If their cars be used, avoid using the seats or use protective clothing
- Keep a record of all activities and information

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 181

 Checklist for Homicide, Murder and Physical Injuries
No. Questionnaire Yes Remarks No Why Not?
1 Did I cordon the area with police line?
2 Did I assess the crime scene?
3 Did I check for any signs of life?
Did I record all observations upon arrival at
the crime scene?
a) Weather condition
b) Light condition
c) Date and time
4 d) Place
e) Presence of parked vehicles
f) CCTV
g) Tire/shoe marks
h) Other peculiar observation/s
Did I interview and take the contact numbers
and addresses of possible witnesses in the
5 crime scene?
6 Did I arrest the suspect?
Did I collect physical evidence?
a. Hair strand
b. Fluid
c. Blood samples
7
d. Firearms
e. Shells
f. Fibers
g. others
8 Did I photograph the crime scene?
9 Did I lift latent prints?
10 Did I search for objects outside the cordoned
crime scene?
Did I examine gunpowder residue in the
hands of persons involved (victim or suspect)
11
12 Did I look for blood splatter, tattooing, and
singeing on the body?
Did I look for burns, and/or blood splatter, dirt,
powder and similar objects on clothes?
13
14 Did I look for bladed or any deadly weapons
like blunt objects?
15 Did I use gloves in handling physical
evidence?
16 Did I examine the body and check for foreign
objects?
17 Did I measure and sketch the crime scene?

182 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 Did I examine the pockets of the victim and
make an inventory of the contents?
18
Did I sign the following reports?
a. photograph
b. fingerprints
19
c. ballistic
d. forensic
Did I properly turn over, with receipt, the
recovered pieces of evidence to the evidence
custodian?
a. marked
20 b. sealed
c. signed
What type of search method did I employ?
a. Quadrant or zone method
b. Strip method
c. Grid or double strip method
21
d. Spiral method
e. Wheel method

CERTIFICATION

This is to CERTIFY that I have personally and thoroughly undertaken the foregoing procedures
and I am fully satisfied that all possible pieces of evidence and information are gathered.

(RANK/FULL NAME)
Crime Scene Investigator

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 183

 CHECKLIST FOR ROBBERY and THEFT
No. Questionnaire Yes Remarks No Why Not?
1 Did I cordon the area with police line?
2 Upon arrival at the crime scene, did I make a
general assessment?
Did I record all observations upon arrival at
the crime scene?
a) Weather condition
3 b) Date and time
c) Presence of parked vehicles
d) CCTV
4 Did I interview the victim?
5 Did I arrest the suspect?
6 Did I collect physical evidence?
a. Hair strand
b. Fluid
c. Blood samples
7 Did I check objects moved by the suspect/s?
8 Did I establish entry and exit points of the
suspect/s?
Did I lift latent prints on desks, chairs, win-
dows, glasses, and other smooth surfaces?
9
10 Did I wear gloves in collecting evidence and
lifting latent prints?
Did I interview and take the contact numbers
and addresses of possible witnesses in the
11 crime scene?
12 Did I interview the neighborhood?
13 Did I take note of the Modus Operandi?
What type of search method did I employ?
a. Quadrant or zone method
b. Strip method
c. Grid or double strip method
14
d. Spiral method
e. Wheel method

CERTIFICATION

This is to CERTIFY that I have personally and thoroughly undertaken the foregoing procedures
and I am fully satisfied that all possible pieces of evidence and information are gathered.

(RANK/FULL NAME)
Crime Scene Investigator

184 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

 CHECKLIST FOR VEHICULAR TRFFIC ACCIDENT
No. Questionnaire Yes Remarks No Why Not?
1 Upon arrival at the crime scene, Did I park the
police car properly?
Did I protect life and property?
a. Did I check for signs of life?
b. Did I ensure the triage of the victim?
c. Did I render first aid to injured persons?
2
d. Did I transport injured persons to the near-
est hospital?
e. Did I prevent further destructions like fire
and other hazards?
3 Did I secure the property and belongings of
the victim?
Did I record all observations upon arrival at
the crime scene?
a) Weather condition
4 b) Road condition
c) Driver condition
d) Date, time and place
5 Did I protect the accident scene by cordoning
the area?
Did I locate the driver and confiscate his driv-
er’s license?
6
a) If head-on collision, did I confiscate the
licenses of both drivers?
Did I get names, addresses, and other details
of witnesses or possible witnesses?
7
Did I determine he use of accident?
a) Why it occurred?
b) The time, date and exact location of     the
accident?
8 c) The evidence regarding the behavior of
individual drivers?
d) The responsibility of both drivers?
9 Did I look for skid marks? Did I measure skid
marks?
10 Did I calculate the speed of involved vehi-
cles?
11 Did I interview drivers and witnesses?
12 Did I take the license plate, model, make of
vehicles involved?
13 Did I photograph, sketch and make diagram
sketch?

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 185

 What type of search method did I use in col-
lecting pieces of evidence?
a. Quadrant or zone method
b. Strip method
14 c. Grid or double strip method
d. Spiral method
e. Wheel method

CERTIFICATION

This is to CERTIFY that I have personally and thoroughly undertaken the foregoing procedures
and I am fully satisfied that all possible pieces of evidence and information are gathered.

(RANK/FULL NAME)
Crime Scene Investigator

186 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Nationwide Uniform Comprehensive Crime Report

The following formulas are used:

Crime Solution Efficiency = Crime Solved X 100

                                            Crime Volume

Crime Clearance Efficiency = Crime Cleared X 100

 Crime Volume

Average Monthly Crime Rate = Crime Volume X 100,000

Population

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 187

 STATISTICS ON ALL CRIME INCIDENTS REFERRED/PROCESSED/GATHERED
Baguio City Police Office

188
January 2020

INDEX CRIMES NON-INDEX CRIMES TOTAL TOTAL CASE TOTAL CRME AVE POP
CRME CRME CLRNCE CRME SLTN MNTHLY
AGAINST PERSONS AGAINST PROPERTY TOT TOT TOT VIOL OTHR TOT TOT TOT VOL CLRED EFF SLVED EFF CRME
STATION INDX INDX INDX OF NON NON NON NON (CCE) (CSE) RTE
MUR HOM PHY RPE TOT ROB TFT CRNPG CTLE TOT CRMES CRMES CRMES SPL INDX INDX INDX INDX
INJ RTLNG CLRED SLVED LAWS CRME CRME CLRD SLVD

10

WCPD

TOTAL

AMCR

Prepared By: Corrected By: Approved By:

JUAN T. TAMAD, JR. BEN T. TUMBLING, SR.

Police executive Master Sergeant NANDREF B. OAYUDDAP Police Lieutenant Colonel
Opns PNCO Police Major Chief of Police
Chief, Opns Div

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Eleven General Orders of a Sentinel
1. To take charge of this post and all government property in view.
2. To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on the alert and observing everything that
takes place within sight or hearing.
3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.
4. To repeat all calls from post more distant from the guardhouse than my own.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentinel who relieves me all orders from the Commanding
Officer, Officer of the Day, and officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard only.
7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.
8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.
9. To call the commander of the relief on any case not covered by instructions.
10. To salute all officers, and all colors and standards not cased.
11. To be especially watchful at night and during the time for challenging to challenge all persons on
or near my post and to allow no one to pass without proper authority.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 189

Definition of Terms
Some Important Terms as Used in Police Communication:

Arrest - is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission
of an offense.

Child Abuse - refers to the maltreatment, whether habitual or not, of the child which includes any of the
following:
a. Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment;
b. Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity
of a child as a human being;
c. Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food and shelter; or
d. Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting in serious impairment
of his growth and development or in his permanent incapacity or death.

Child in conflict with the law - refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having
committed an offense under Philippine laws.

A “child at risk” refers to a child who is vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offenses
because of personal, family and social circumstances, such as, but not limited to, the following:
• being abused by any person through sexual, physical, psychological, mental, economic or any
other means and the parents or guardian refuse, are unwilling, or, unable to provide protection for
the child;
• being exploited including sexually or economically;
• being abandoned or neglected, and after diligent search and inquiry, the parent or guardian cannot
be found;
• coming from a dysfunctional or broken family or without a parent or guardian;
• being out of school;
• being a street child;
• being a member of a gang;
• living in a community with a high level of criminality or drug abuse;
• living in situations of armed conflict;
• being in any other similar situation.

Children - refers to persons below eighteen years of age or older but are unable to fully take care of
themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental
disability or condition.

Conjugal Visit - refers to the visit of the spouse of the detainee for the purpose of fulfilling marital
obligation.

Crime Scene - is the place from which most physical evidence associated with crime will be obtained.

Crime Scene Investigation - is the conduct of processes more particularly the recognition, search,
collection, handling, preservation and documentation of physical evidence to include identification of
witnesses and arrest of suspect at the crime scene.

Custodial Investigation - investigation conducted by law enforcement officers after a person has been
arrested or deprived of his freedom of action. It includes invitation to a person who is investigated in
connection with an offense.

190 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Detainee/Detention Prisoner - refers to a person arrested due to the commission of a crime/offence
by the arresting unit for custodial investigation. It likewise includes person arrested for crimes which are
heinous in nature, against national security and high profile crimes.

Detention - a restraint of personal liberty or deprivation of freedom of action in any significant manner.

Detention/Custodial Center - an institution secured by the PNP Units for the purpose of providing short
term custody of detention prisoner thereby affording his safety and preventing escape while awaiting the
court’s disposition of the case or transfer to appropriate penal institution.

Detention Officer - a Police Commission Officer (PCO) or Police Non-Commission Officer (PNCO)
directly responsible for the administration and management of the detention facility and the detainees
housed therein.

Dragnet Operation - is a police operation purposely to seal-off the probable exit points of fleeing suspects
from the crime scene to prevent their escape.

Electronic blotter - is a computerized system that is now being used in Davao City Police Office which
was accepted by the courts, prosecutors’ office and the public in general. Coordination with Supreme
Court administrator disclosed that they are amenable to the idea of using e-blotter for the PNP but the
project is stalled because of its prohibitive costs.

First Responder - refers to a Police Officer who is the first to arrive at the crime scene to provide initial
police actions on the information or complaint received.

Freedom park- shall mean the venue or place established or designated by local government units
within their respective jurisdictions where a public assembly could be held without securing any permit
for such purpose from the local government unit concerned.

Hasty Checkpoint - is an immediate response to block the escape of lawless elements from a crime
scene, and is also established when nearby checkpoints are ignored or during hot pursuit operations. It is
set up by police personnel conducting mobile patrol on board a marked police vehicle, or those conducting
ISO and foot patrol operations within the vicinity/periphery of the national or provincial highways.

High Risk Arrest - is the actual restraint of armed persons following a high-risk stop.

High Risk Stop - is the actual stopping or accosting of armed and dangerous person or persons, aboard
a vehicle or on foot, including the power to use all necessary and legal means to accomplish such end.

Hot Pursuit (Cross Jurisdictional Pursuit) - (also termed in the US as fresh pursuit) shall mean an
immediate, recent chase or follow-up without material interval for the purpose of taking into custody
any person wanted by virtue of a warrant, or one suspected to have committed a recent offense while
fleeing from one police jurisdictional boundary to another that will normally require prior official inter-
unit coordination but which the pursuing unit cannot, at that moment, comply due to the urgency of the
situation.

Immediate Family Members - shall refer to the detainee’s spouse, fiancé or fiancée, parent or child,
brother or sister, grandparent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward.

Imminent Danger - the danger is “imminent” if it is on the point of happening. It is not required that the
attack already begins, for it may be too late. (The Revised Penal Code, Book I, JBL Reyes).

The elements of imminent danger are the following:

1. Intent of the suspect to harm the policeman;
2. The capability of the suspect to harm the policeman or other persons; and,
3. Accessibility or the proximity of the suspect in harming the policeman and other persons.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 191

Inquest Proceedings - is the informal and summary investigation conducted by a public prosecutor
(called the inquest prosecutor) in criminal cases involving a person arrested, without the benefit of a
warrant issued by the court, and thereafter detained, for the purpose of determining whether or not the
warrantless arrest is valid, said arrested person should remain under custody, and be correspondingly
charged in court.

Investigator-on-Case (IOC) - is the police officer who determines the cause or motive of the crime,
identify and interview witnesses, and effects arrest of suspect/s.

Maximum tolerance - means the highest degree of restraint that the police, military and other peace
keeping authorities shall observe during a public assembly or in the dispersal of the same.

Miranda Doctrine - a principle on the rights of a suspect from forced self-incrimination during police
interrogation as enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution’s Bill of Rights (Article III, Sec. 12).

Necessary and Legal means - as used in the definition shall include, but not limited to, the employment
of appropriate number of troops, armor assets and tactical or special units to effectively and permanently
quell the threat or present danger, or to swiftly restrain or arrest the suspect or suspects.

Pat-down Search - is a “frisk” or external feeling of the outer garments of an individual for weapons only.
Police Checkpoint - a location where the search, which is duly authorized by the PNP, is conducted to
deter/prevent the commission of crimes, enforce the law, and for other legitimate purposes.

Pre-Determined Area - is the specific or projected spot where the armed and dangerous person or
persons would pass or likely to pass and so tactically located as to gain calculated advantage against
said person or persons.

Public assembly - means any rally, demonstration, march, parade, procession or any other form of mass
or concerted action held in a public place for the purpose of presenting a lawful cause; or expressing
an opinion to the general public on any particular issue; or protesting or influencing any state of affairs
whether political, economic or social; or petitioning the government for redress of grievances.

Public place - shall include any highway, boulevard, avenue, road, street, bridge or other thoroughfare,
park, plaza, square, and/or any open space of public ownership where the people are allowed access.

Reasonable Suspicion - facts that, within totality of the circumstances, lead an officer to reasonably
suspect, or to have probable cause to believe, that criminal activity has been, is being, or is about to be
committed.
Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) - is a forensic procedure performed by trained personnel of the
PNP Crime Laboratory through scientific methods of investigation for the purpose of preserving the crime
scene, gathering information, documentation, collection and examination of all physical evidence.

Search Warrant - is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines, signed by a
judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for personal property described therein
and bring it before the court.

Security Officer - a properly trained and cleared officer whose appointment is covered by appropriate
orders with the concurrence of the Directorate for Intelligence and possesses the following qualifications:
(1) Cleared in accordance with provision of PNPRG 200-012 dated 29 June 1991, for access to the
highest classified material his office is authorized to handle; (2) Possess a certificate of training in a
regular Security Course or its equivalent In-Service Training Security Course with POI patterned after
an approved Security Training Course; (3) Be conversant with the provisions of PNPRG 200-012 and all
other publications pertinent to the duties and responsibilities of a security officer.

192 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Spot Check/Accosting - is the brief stopping of an individual, whether on foot or in a vehicle, based
on reasonable suspicion/probable cause, for the purpose of determining the individual’s identity and
resolving the officer’s suspicion concerning criminal activity.

Stopping Zone - is the strategic predetermined area strongly sealed off, barricaded and occupied by
tactical forces in a lawful display of authority to maintain law and order or in defensive response to an
event of criminal nature or of such gravity that occurred or likely to occur calling for a high risk stop or
arrest.

Unlawful aggression - refers to an attack amounting to actual or eminent threat to the life, limb, or right
of the person claiming self-defense.

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 193

References

A. BOOKS

Avalos, Adelaida G. and Avalos, Reinaldo L.From Grammar to Fluency in 30 Days. Los Banos, Laguna:
FPR Publishing. 2007.

Cael, Basilio G. Applied Correspondence and Investigative Report Writing: Staff Functions, Procedures
and Completed Staff Work. Manila: Mary Jo Publishing House, Inc. 2006.

Flores, Florian N and Flores, Roger Victor. Master English Grammar without Cracking your Brain: A Simple
and Easy Approach to Studying English Grammar. Camarines Sur: Mind Stirrers Publishing. 2011.

Foronda, Mercedes A. Technical Report Writing for Criminal Justice Education. Quezon City: Wiseman’s
Books Trading, Inc. 2009.

Goodman, Debbie J. Report It in Writing. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. 2011.

Guffey, James E. Report Writing Fundamentals for Police and Correctional Officers. New Jersey: Pearson
Education, Inc. 2005.

Malazo, Czarinah J. Master English Grammar in 28 Days. Los Banoz, Laguna: FPR Publishing. 2014.

Pareja, Teresita. English for Criminology Students. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc. 2008.

Pauley, Steven E and Riordan, Daniel G. Technical Report Writing Today. Fifth Edition. Krishan Nagar,
India: All India Traveller Book Seller. 1998.

Soriano, Oscar G. Basic Police Report Writing. Quezon City: Great Books Publishing. 2005.

B. OTHERS

Police Operational Procedures Manual, series 2013

194 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION