NOTE

C H E M I S T R Y

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
BOHR’S MODEL CONTINUED

What you already know What you will learn

• Bohr’s atomic model • Problems based on the previous session

• Velocity of an electron in the Bohr orbit • Energy difference between the orbits
• Radius of the Bohr orbit • Ionisation energy
• Time period of an electron in the Bohr • Ionisation potential
orbit • Excitation energy
• Frequency of an electron in the Bohr • Excitation potential
orbit • Binding energy
• Energy of an electron in the Bohr orbit • Separation energy

More than one correct answer type questions based on given statements

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about the Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom?
(1) The velocity of an electron in the n = 2 orbit is more than that in the n = 1 orbit.
(2) The angular momentum of an electron in the n = 2 orbit is more than that in the n = 1 orbit.
(3) The kinetic energy of an electron in the n = 2 orbit is less than that in the n = 1 orbit.
(4) The centripetal force on an electron in the n = 2 orbit is more than that in the n = 1 orbit.

Solution

Statement 1 Statement 2
Velocity of an electron in the nth orbit is Angular momentum of the revolving
given as follows: electron in nth orbit is given as follows:
Z  h 
=
vn 2.18 × 106   ms -1 mvr = n  
n  2π 
From the given relation, it is clear that From the given relation, it is clear that, if
for a given atom, if n increases, then the we increase the value of n, then the value
magnitude of velocity decreases. So, the of the angular momentum of the revolving
acceleration for an electron in n = 2 is less electron increases.
than that in n = 1 orbit. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.
Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.

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 02

Statement 3 Statement 4
Kinetic energy of an electron in nth orbit is For an electron to revolve around the nucleus,
given as follows: the necessary centripetal force is produced
by the attraction forces of the nucleus.
1
K.E. of an electron in nth orbit= × mvn2 Fcentripetal = Felectrostatic
2
1  Z2  mv 2 K ( Ze ) e KZe2
= × m × v o2  2  = =
2 n  r r2 r2
Here, K is electrostatic constant.
Here, vn is the velocity of electron in nth orbit
 n2 
From the given relation, it is clear that for a given Where r = ro  
atom, as the value of Z and vo is constant, the Z
kinetic energy varies only with the value of n. From the relation above it is clear that by
So, the kinetic energy decreases by increasing increasing the value of n, the value of r
the value of n. increases. Since radius is in denominator so,
Therefore, statement 3 is correct. the centripetal force decreases.
Therefore, statement 4 is incorrect.

Hence, the correct statements are 2 and 3.

More than one correct answer type questions based on the given statements

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about the Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom?
Z
1. Velocity of an electron ∝
n
Z2
2. Frequency of revolution of the electron in an orbit ∝ 3
n
Z2
3. Kinetic energy of electron ∝ 3
n
Z3
4. Nuclear force of attraction on the electron ∝ 4
n

Solution

Statement 1 Statement 2
Velocity of an electron in the nth orbit is Frequency of revolution of the electron in
given as follows: an orbit is given as follows:
Z  Z2 
=
vn 2.18 × 106   ms -1 = 6.6 × 1015  3  s -1
Frequency of revolution
n n 
Z Z2
Clearly, from the given relation, vn ∝ Clearly, from above relation, f ∝ 3
n n
Therefore, statement 1 is correct. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.

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Statement 3 Statement 4
Kinetic energy of an electron in the nth orbit is KZe2
Felectrostatic =
given as follows: r2
1  n2 
K.E. of an electron in nth orbit= × mvn2 Where r = ro  
2 Z
1  Z2  ro = 0.529 Å
= × m × v o2  2 
2 n  3
Therefore, statement 3 is incorrect. Clearly, from the given relations, Felectrostatic ∝ Z
n4
Therefore, statement 4 is correct.
Hence, the correct statements are 1, 2, and 4.

More than one correct answer type questions based on the given statements

An electron makes a transition from an excited state to the ground state of a hydrogen-like atom/
ion. Choose the incorrect statement(s) from the following:
(1) The kinetic energy decreases, the potential energy increases, but the total energy remains
the same.
(2) The kinetic energy and the total energy decrease but the potential energy increases.
(3) The kinetic energy increases but the potential energy and the total energy decrease.
(4) The kinetic energy, the potential energy, and the total energy decrease.

Solution
1
T.E. = - K.E. = P.E.
2
Total energy of an electron in nth orbit is given as follows:
 Z2 
T.E. = − 13.6  2  eV atom-1
n 
Statement 1 Statement 2
1 1
T.E. = - K.E. = P.E. T.E. = - K.E. = P.E.
2 2
Clearly, from the relation, if the kinetic energy Clearly from the relation, if the kinetic energy
decreases, then the total energy and the decreases, then the total energy and the
potential energy increase. potential energy increase.
Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.

Statement 3 Statement 4
1 1
T.E. = - K.E. = P.E. T.E. = - K.E. = P.E.
2 2
Clearly, from the relation, if the kinetic energy Clearly, from the relation, the total energy,
increases, then the total energy and the the kinetic energy, and the potential energy
potential energy decrease. cannot decrease simultaneously.
Therefore, statement 3 is correct. Therefore, statement 4 is incorrect.
Hence, the incorrect statements are 1, 2, and 4.

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 04

Finding the energy of an electron of a given atom in a particular orbit

Calculate the energy ratio for the third orbit of Li2+ ion and the second orbit of Be3+ ion.
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 9 : 4 (D) 9 : 16

Solution

Step 1: Calculate the energy of an electron Step 2 : Calculate the energy of an

in the third orbit of Li2+ electron in the second orbit of Be3+
 Z2   Z2 
E3 (Li2+ ) = − Eo  2  eV atom-1 E2 (Be ) = − Eo  2  eV atom-1
3+

n  n 
=
put Z 3= and n 3 =
put Z 4= and n 2
 32   42 
E3 (Li2+ ) = − Eo  2  eV atom-1 E2 (Be ) = − Eo  2  eV atom-1
3+

3  2 
= − Eo eV atom-1 .....(1) E2 (Be3 + ) = − 4Eo eV atom-1 .....(2)

Step 3: Dividing equations (1) and (2), we get the ratio

E3 (Li2+ ) − Eo 1
= =
E2 (Be3 + ) − 4Eo 4

Hence, option (A) is the correct answer

Finding the frequency of revolution of an electron of a given atom in a particular orbit

Radius of two different orbits in a sample of H-like species are 4R and 16R respectively. Find the
ratio of the frequency of revolution of the electron in these two orbits.
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 1 : 8 (D) 8 : 1

Solution

Step 1: Calculate the ratio of frequency of Step 2: Calculate the ratio of two given
revolution of electron in an orbit in H-like radii
species in terms of fo   n4R2  
r
o  × 
fo = 6.6 × 1015 s-1 (Frequency of revolution of r4R   Z  4R 1
= = =
an electron in the first orbit) r16R   n16R   16R 4
2

 ro ×  
 Z2    Z 
fo  3  3
f 4R  n4R   n16R  n4R2 1 n 1
= =   .....(1) = = , 4R
f 16R  Z2   n4R  n16R 2
4 n16R 2
fo  3 
 n16R  n
so 16R = 2 .....(2)
n4R

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 05

Step 3: Put the value of equation (2) in equation (1)

3
f 4R  n16R 
(=
2)
3
=  =  8
f 16R  n4R 
Therefore, the required ratio is 8 : 1
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer

MAIN BOARDS
Energy difference between
the orbits of a H-like sample

-
From the given Fig. 1, it is clear that
+ - +
the electrons absorb some energy
to move from a lower energy orbit
to a higher energy orbit.

Fig. 1: Electron jumps from lower energy state to higher

energy state by absorbing energy

From the given Fig. 2, it is clear -

that energy is liberated during + + -
the deexcitation of electrons from
higher energy to lower energy
orbit.

Fig. 2: Electron jumps from higher energy state to lower

energy state by releasing energy

Formula for energy difference between two orbits

ΔE = En - En   Z2     Z2  
∆E =  − 13.6  2   −  − 13.6  2   eV atom-1
2 1

  n2     n1  
Where En2 = Energy in the higher energy orbit
 1 1 
En = Energy in the lower energy orbit ∆E= 13.6 × Z2  2 − 2  eV atom-1
1
 n1 n2 
 1 1 
= 2.18 × 10−18 × Z2  2 − 2  J atom-1
∆E
 n1 n2 

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Energy Level Diagram

n=∞ E∞ = 0

n=5 E5 = -0.54 eV
n=4 E4 = -0.85 eV
ΔE = E4 - E3 = 0.66 eV
n=3 E3 = -1.51 eV
ΔE = E3 - E2 = 1.89 eV
n=2 E2 = -3.4 eV

ΔE = E2 - E1 = 10.2 eV

Ground state E1 = -13.6 eV

n=1
Fig. 3: Energy level diagram for hydrogen atom

Calculating frequency and wavelength from given transition of electron in energy levels

A photon is emitted during an electronic transition from n = 5 state to the n = 2 state in the hydrogen
atom. What is the frequency and the wavelength of the photon?

Solution

Step 1: Calculate the energy of photons Step 2: Calculate the wavelength using a
emitted conversion formula
 1 1  12400
∆Eelectron =13.6 × Z2  2 − 2  eV atom-1 Ephoton ( eV / Atom) =
 n1 n2  λ ( Å)
 1 1  12400 12400
= 13.6 × 12  2 − 2  eV atom-1 = λ (Å) =
2 5  Ephoton ( eV atom ) -1
2.856 eV
( Z = 1 for hydrogen atom ) = 4341.7 Å
= 2.856 = eV Ephoton = 4.341 × 10−7 m

Step 3: Calculate the frequency using the speed of light.

ν=
c
=
( 3 × 108 ) ms -1
= 6.910 × 1014 s -1
−7
λ 4.341 × 10 m

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 07

BOARDS
Definitions for Single Electron Systems

n=2 First excited state

• Ground state (n = 1): The lowest energy state of any atom

or ion is known as the ground state. n=3 Second excited state
Ground state energy of H atom = - 13.6 eV atom-1
Ground state energy of He+ atom = - 54.4 eV atom-1
• Excited state: The state of an atom or an ion other than
the ground state is known as the excited state. n=m+1 mth excited state

Fig. 4: Nomenclature of excited

states based on the value of n.

MAIN BOARDS
Ionisation Energy

The minimum amount of energy required to move an electron from

the ground state to n = ∞ in an isolated gaseous atom is known as I.E.H = 13.6 eV
the ionisation energy of the atom or ion. Generally for multi electron
species ionisation energy is amount of energy required to remove =
I.E.He+ 54.4 eV
an electron from gaseous atom.
Calculation of the ionisation energy from the energy difference
formula is given as follows: I.E.Li2+ = 122.4 eV
 1 1  Fig. 5: Ionisation energy
∆E= 13.6 × Z2  2 − 2  eV atom-1
 n1 n2  of different single
for calculating ionisation energy put n1 = 1 and n2 = ∞ electron species
= 13.6 × Z2 eV atom-1
Eionisation

MAIN BOARDS
Ionisation Potential

I.P. = 13.6Z2 V
The potential difference through which a free electron must
be accelerated from rest such that its kinetic energy becomes I.P.H = 13.6 V
equal to the ionisation energy of the atom is known as the
ionisation potential of the atom.
I.P.He+ = 54.4 V
Fig. 6: Ionisation potential
of different single electron
species

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 08

MAIN BOARDS ADVANCED

Excitation Energy

Excitation
energy of For H atom
The energy required to move an electron from the second state n = 1 to
ground state of the atom to any higher energy state n=2
of the atom is known as the excitation energy of
that state. 10.2 eV
Excitation
First
Excitation energy of the second state = Excitation energy of
Excitation
energy of the first excited state = First excitation first excited
energy
energy state

Fig. 7: Different ways of naming

the excitation energy

MAIN BOARDS ADVANCED

Excitation Potential

Excitation
potential of For H atom
The potential difference through which an electron third state n = 1 to
must be accelerated from rest so that its kinetic n=3
energy becomes equal to the excitation energy of
any state is known as the excitation potential of 12.09 V
that state. Excitation
Second
potential of
Excitation
Excitation potential of the third state = Excitation second excited
potential
potential of the second excited state = Second state.
excitation potential
Fig. 8: Different ways of naming
the excitation potential

Calculating the change in the radius based on the transition in the energy level.

As the orbit number increases, what is the distance between the two consecutive orbits?
(r1 = radius of the first orbit)
(A) Increases by 2r1
(B) Increases by (2n - 1) r1 , where n is the lower orbit number
(C) Increases by (2n - 1) r1 , where n is the higher orbit number
(D) Remains constant

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 09

Solution

Case 1: n is a lower energy orbit Case 2: n is a higher energy orbit

Calculating the difference in radii using Calculate difference in radii using the
the formula for the radius of the nth orbit formula for the radius of the nth orbit
Difference in radii for n as a higher energy
Differnce in radii for n as lower energy orbit : orbit
 ( n + 1 )2   n2   n2   ( n − 1 )2 
rn + 1 − rn = ro ×   − ro   rn − rn − 1 =ro ×   − ro  
 Z  Z  Z 
  Z  
r
(
= o × (n + 1) − n2
Z
2
) r
(
= o × n2 − (n − 1)
Z
2
)
ro r
= × ( 2n + 1) =o × ( 2n − 1)
Z Z
So, change in r is ( 2n + 1) r1 So, change in r is ( 2n − 1) r1
ro ro
Where r1 = Where r1 =
Z Z

Statement 1 Statement 2
Clearly, it does not satisfy any of the solutions Clearly, it does not match with the solution
above. above.
Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.

Statement 3 Statement 4
Clearly, it matches with the second solution It cannot remain constant as r changes if there
where n is a higher energy orbit. is a transition of energy levels.
Therefore, statement 3 is correct. Therefore, statement 4 is incorrect.

Hence option (C) is the correct answer

MAIN BOARDS
Binding Energy of an Atom

The energy required to move an electron from any state to n = ∞ is known as the binding energy
of that state.
Binding energy of a ground state = I.E. of an atom or ion

Calculating the ionisation energy of the given element

Calculate the ionisation energy of Li2+ ion.

(A) 122.4 eV (B) 244.8 eV (C) 61.2 eV (D) 13.6 eV

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 10

Solution

Step 1: Write the energy difference formula Step 2: Put n1 = 1, n2 = ∞, and Z = 3 for
calculating the ionisation energy of Li2+ ion
The energy difference formula for the transition
in energy levels is given as follows:  1 1
∆Eionisation =13.6 × 32  2 −  eV atom
-1

 1 ∞ 
 1 1 
∆E= 13.6 × Z2  2 − 2  eV atom-1 = 13.6 × 9 eV atom -1

 n1 n2 
= 122.4 eV atom-1
Hence option (A) is the correct answer

Calculating the excitation energy of the given element

Calculate the second excitation energy for He+ ion.

(A) 96.7 eV (B) 54.4 eV (C) 40.8 eV (D) 48.35 eV

Solution

Note

The second excitation energy means that an electron has moved from the ground state to third
energy level.
So, n1 = 1 and n2 = 3

Step 1: Write the energy difference formula Step 2: Put n1 = 1, n2 = 3, and Z = 2 for
calculating the second excitation energy of
Energy difference formula for transition in He+ ion
energy levels is given as follows:
 1 1   1 1 
∆E= 13.6 × Z2  2 − 2  eV atom-1 ∆E= 13.6 × 22  2 − 2  eV atom-1
 n1 n2  1 3 
8
= 13.6 × 4 × eV atom-1
9
= 48.355 eV atom-1
Hence option (D) is the correct answer

Calculating the frequency of the given element in any orbit

The average lifetime of an electron in an excited state of hydrogen atom is about 10-8 s. How many
revolutions does an electron in the n = 2 state make before dropping to the n = 1 state? 
(A) 108 (B) 8.33 × 106 (C) 6.67 × 107 (D) 1.04 × 106

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 11

Solution

Step 1: Write the formula for the frequency of Step 2: Calculate the frequency of revolution
revolution of an electron in any given orbit of an electron in n = 2 state
for a particular atom
 Z2  Put n = 2 and Z = 1 for the hydrogen atom in
f 6.6 × 1015  3  s -1
= the formula as follows:
n 
 12 
f2 = 6.6 × 1015  3  s −1
2 
1
= 6.6 × 1015   s −1
8
= 8.25 × 1014 s −1

Step 3: Calculate the number of revolutions using the average lifetime

The frequency is also known as the number of revolutions made by an electron in an orbit per
second.
So,
Number of revolutions made in 1 s = 8.25 × 1014
Number of revolutions made in 10-8 s = 8.25 × 1014 s-1 × 10-8 s
= 8.25 × 106
The number of revolutions made by an electron in 10-8 s is close to option (B) and it can be
approximated as 8.33 x 106.
Hence option (B) is the correct answer

Calculating the energy of an electron in any orbit by using the ionisation energy

The ionisation energy of a hypothetical atom is 50 eV. If this atom obeys Bohr’s atomic model, what
will be the energy of the electron in its fifth orbit?
(A) -1250 eV (B) +2 eV (C) -2 eV (D) + 1250 eV

Solution
Eo
Note : En =2
eV atom-1
n
where Eo =
− 13.6 × Z2 eV atom-1 which is constant for a particular atom
(Ionisation energy ) = − (Energy of an electron in the ground state )
 Z2 
E1 =− 50 eV = − 13.6 ×  2  = Eo
1 
So, E0 = − 50 eV atom-1 for the given atom
50
Bohr’s energy in fifth orbit is calculated as E5 =
− 2 =
− 2 eV atom-1
5
Hence option (C) is the correct answer

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 12

More than one correct answer type questions based on a given statement

The binding energy of an H - like sample corresponding to the second excited state is equal to
13.6 eV. Choose the correct statement(s).
1. Li2+ sample has been taken.
2. The ionisation energy of the sample will be 122.4 eV.
3. 21.25 eV of energy of photon is required to cause the transition from the second to third energy
state.
4. The wavelength of the emitted photon when the electron falls from the first excited state to the
ground state is 135.1 Å.

Solution

Statement 1
The energy required to move an electron from any state to n = ∞ is known as the binding energy
of that state.

Step 1: Calculate the binding energy in terms Step 2: Calculate Z by using the energy
of Eo difference calculated
Eo
So here, the electron moves from n = 3 to =
Ebinding = 13.6
n=∞ 9
 1 1  = Eo = 13.6 × 9 = 1 3.6 × Z2
=
∆E Eo  2 − 2  eV atom-1
 n1 n2  Z2 = 9
1 1 1
= Eo  −  eV atom-1
9 ∞
=Z (=
9)2 3
E Z = 3
= o
9 It is a Li2+ ion
Where Eo = −13.6 x Z2 eV atom-1

Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2 Statement 3
Calculate the energy change using the
= 13.6 × Z2 eV atom-1
Eionisation energy difference formula
Eionisation (Li=
2+
) 13.6 × 32 eV atom-1  1 1 
∆E (Li2+ ) =
13.6 × 32  2 − 2  eV atom-1
= 122.4 eV atom-1 2 3 
 5 
= 13.6 × 9 ×   eV atom
-1

Therefore, statement 2 is correct.  36 

= 17 eV atom-1
Clearly ∆E ≠ 21.25 eV
Therefore, statement 3 is incorrect.

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 13

Statement 4

Step 1: Calculate the energy change using Step 2: Calculate the wavelength using a
the energy difference formula conversion formula
Change in energy when an electron falls from Using conversion formula for calculating
the first excited state to the ground state is wavelength is given as follows
given as follows: 12400
 1 1  E (eV ) =
∆E (Li2+ ) = 13.6 × 32  2 − 2  eV atom-1 λ (Å)
1 2 
12400 12400
3 λ (=
Å) = = 135.07 Å
= 13.6 × 9 ×   eV atom-1 E (eV ) 91.8
4
= 91.8 eV atom-1
Therefore, statement 4 is correct.
Hence, the correct options are 1, 2 and 4.

More than one correct answer type questions based on a given statement

If the first excitation potential of a hypothetical H-like sample is 15 V, then what is/are the correct
option(s)?
(A) I.E. of the sample = 20 eV (B) I.E. of the sample = 10 eV
(C) Second excitation potential = 17.75 V (D) Second excitation potential = 16.4 V

Solution

Step 1: Calculation of the I.E. Step 2: Calculate the second excitation

Energy of an electron in the nth orbit is given potential
as follows: Second excitation energy is the amount of
 Z2  energy needed to bring the electron from the
En = − 13.6  2  eV ground state, i.e, n = 1, to the second excited
n  state, i.e, n = 3.
=
First excitation is from (n 1=
) to (n 2) So, the second excitation energy is given as
follows:
=
First excitation potential (E2 − E1 ) V
 Z2   Z2 
Z2  Z2  =  − 13.6 × 2  −  − 13.6 × 2 
E2 − E1 = − 13.6 × 2 −  −13.6 × 2   3   1 
2  1 
On putting, 13.6 × Z = 2
E0
E2 − E1 = 15 eV
The second excitation energy is given as :
E
=
Let 13.6 × Z2 E0 Then,= E0 − 0 15 eV E
4 = E0 − 0
E0 = 20 eV 9
20
=
Ionisation energy (I.E. ) E∞ − E1 = 20 −
9
  Z2   = 17.77 eV
I.E. = 0 −  −13.6 ×  2   = 13.6 × Z = E0
2

  1  So, the second excitation potential = 17.77 V

So, I.E. = 20 eV
Hence options (A) & (C) are the correct answers.

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 14

More than one correct answer type questions based on a given statement

The first excitation potential for the H-like (hypothetical) sample is 24 V. Choose the correct
option(s).
(A) Ionisation energy of the sample is 36 eV
(B) Ionisation energy of the sample is 32 eV
(C) Binding energy of the third excited state is 2 eV
8
(D) Second excitation potential of the sample is ( 32 × ) V
9

Solution

Step 1: Calculate the potential of the first Step 2: Calculate binding energy of the third
orbit. excited state using the energy difference
formula
 1 1 
1 st excitation potential = 13.6 × Z2  2 − 2  V
1 2  Binding energy of 3rd excited state means
So, the potential of the first orbit is that electron shift from n = 4 to n = ∞
calculated as follows : So
 1 1   1 1
1st excitation potential =13.6 × Z2  2 − 2  V Ebinding =13.6 × Z2  2 −  eV atom-1
1 2  4 ∞
= 24 V  1 
= 32 ×   eV atom-1
4  16 
13.6 × Z2 = 24 ×   V
3 = 2 eV atom-1
= 32 V  1 1 
2nd excitation potential = 13.6 × Z2  2 − 2  V
So, ionisation energy = 32 eV 1 3 
8
= 32 ×   V
9
Since, 13.6 × Z2 = 32 V
Therefore, the correct options are B, C and D

Summary sheet

• Ground state (n = 1): The lowest energy state of any atom or ion is known as the ground state.

Ground state energy of H-atom = - 13.6 eV atom-1

Ground state energy of He+ atom = - 54.4 eV atom-1

• Excited state: The state of an atom or ion other than the ground state is known as the excited
state.
1. n = 2, First excited state
2. n = 3, Second excited state
3. n = 4, Third excited state
4. n = m + 1, mth excited state

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 15

Ionisation energy (I.E.)

The minimum amount of energy required to move an electron from the ground state to
n = ∞ is known as the ionisation energy of the atom or ion.
Ionisation energy of H-atom = 13.6 eV
Ionisation energy of He+ ion = 54.4 eV
Ionisation energy of Li2+ ion = 122.4 eV

Ionisation potential (I.P.)

The potential difference through which a free electron must be accelerated from rest such that
its kinetic energy becomes equal to the ionisation energy of the atom is known as the ionisation
potential of the atom.

I.P. of H-atom = 13.6 V

I.P. of He+ atom = 54.4 V

Excitation energy

The energy required to move an electron from the ground state of the atom to any other state of
the atom is known as the excitation energy of that state.
Example: For a hydrogen atom,
Excitation energy of the second state = Excitation energy of the first excited state = first excitation
energy

Excitation potential

The potential difference through which an electron must be accelerated from rest such that its
kinetic energy becomes equal to the excitation energy of any state is known as the excitation
potential of that state.
Example: For a hydrogen atom,
Excitation potential of the third state = Excitation potential of the second excited state = Second
excitation potential

Binding energy or separation energy

The energy required to move an electron from any state to n = ∞ is known as the binding energy
of that state.
Example: For a hydrogen-like atom,
Binding energy of the ground state = I.E. of an atom or ion.

Note

The definitions mentioned above are only valid for a H-like atom (single electron species).

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