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Engine-Experiment-Lab-Students - Rev.2

This document provides equations for calculating: 1) Brake power, brake mean effective pressure, swept volume, engine capacity, air mass flow rate, fuel flow rate, air-fuel ratio, brake specific fuel consumption, rate of energy input, rate of energy to cooling water, rate of energy in exhaust, and brake thermal efficiency of an engine. 2) It defines the variables used in the equations such as output voltage, engine speed, bore, stroke, ambient pressure, temperature, fuel density, lower calorific value of fuel, specific heat capacities of water and exhaust. 3) The equations are provided to analyze engine performance parameters during a lab experiment.

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Arham Abdullah
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41 views

Engine-Experiment-Lab-Students - Rev.2

This document provides equations for calculating: 1) Brake power, brake mean effective pressure, swept volume, engine capacity, air mass flow rate, fuel flow rate, air-fuel ratio, brake specific fuel consumption, rate of energy input, rate of energy to cooling water, rate of energy in exhaust, and brake thermal efficiency of an engine. 2) It defines the variables used in the equations such as output voltage, engine speed, bore, stroke, ambient pressure, temperature, fuel density, lower calorific value of fuel, specific heat capacities of water and exhaust. 3) The equations are provided to analyze engine performance parameters during a lab experiment.

Uploaded by

Arham Abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculation:

Brake Power:

æ V ´ N ´100 öæ 0.7457 ö
Pb = ç ÷ç ÷ [kW ]
è 0.6 øè 4500 ø

V – output voltage from the dynamometer [V]

N –Engine Speed [ rev/min]

Pb – Brake Power [kW]

* N.B: The Pb equation is for illustration purpose only. Pb will be measured during the Lab.

Brake Mean Effective Pressure:

Pb nR
BMEP = [kPa]
N ´ n ´ Vs

bore = 85 mm

stroke = 88 mm

Swept Volume of a single cylinder

p p
Vs = Stroke ´ ( Bore) 2 = 8 8 ´10 -3 ´ ´ (8 5 ´10-3) 2 = 4.994´10-4 [m3 ]
4 4

Engine Capacity = 4.994´10-4 ´ 4 = 1.997´10-3 m3

nR=2 (Four stroke cycle -2 rev per cycle)

n = number of cylinders = 4

N = Engine Speed - revolutions per second [rev/s]

Hobina/Mohamed -15-01-2021 updated version


Air Mass Flow Rate (including the effect of atmospheric Pressure and Temperature):

Using:

Pv = RT
1
P = RT
r
P
=r
RT

Pa
ra =
R ´ Ta

R= 287.1 J/kgK [specific gas constant of air]

Pa = 133.322 × ha [Pa] [ambient pressure]

ha = Ambient pressure [mmHg]

h = manometer reading [mmH2O]

r a = ambient density [kg/m3]

Ta = ambient temperature [K]

m& a = V&a ´ r a

133.322 ´ ha
m& a = (h ´ 4.89 ´ 10 -4 ) ´ ( ) [kg/s]
287.1 ´ Ta

Fuel Flow rate:

100
V&f = s [ml/s]

m& f = V& f ´ r f

V& f = fuel volume flow rate [ml/s]

s = time taken for 100ml of fuel to flow [s]

r f = density of fuel [kg/m3]; (864 kg/m3)

m& f = mass flow rate of fuel [kg/s]

Hobina/Mohamed -15-01-2021 updated version


æ -6 ö m é kg ù
3
100
m& f = ç ´ 10 ÷[ ] ´ r f ê 3 ú
è s ø s ëm û

æ 100 ö
m& f = ç ´ 10 -6 ÷ ´ r f [kg/s]
è s ø

Air-Fuel Ratio:

m& a
A/ F =
m& f

A/F =air-fuel ratio [-]

m& a = air mass flow rate [kg/s]

m& f = mass flow rate of fuel [kg/s]

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC):

m& f
bsfc =
Pb

bsfc = specific fuel consumption [kg/kJ]

m& f = mass flow rate of fuel (kg/s)

Pb = Brake Power [kW]

Rate of Energy Input:

Q& in = m& f ´ H hv

Q& in = Energy flow rate in [W]

H hv = Lower Calorific Value (Heating Value) of the fuel [J/kg] (for diesel 45 x 106 J/kg )

m& f = mass flow rate of fuel (kg/s)

Hobina/Mohamed -15-01-2021 updated version


Rate of Energy to cooling water:

Q& he = m& wCpwater DTwater

Cpwater = Specific heat capacity of water [4180 J/kgK]

m& w = Mass flow rate of water

Rate of Energy in Exhaust:

Q& es = m& exCpexhaust DTex

Cpexhaust = Specific heat capacity of exhaust [1.15 kJ/kgK]

Exhaust mass flow rate = air mass flow rate + fuel mass flow rate [kg/s]

Brake Thermal Efficiency:

æP ö
h th = çç & b ÷÷ ´100
è Qin ø

h th = Brake thermal efficiency [%]

Q& in = Energy flow rate in [W]

Pb – Brake Power [W]

Hobina/Mohamed -15-01-2021 updated version

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