Wing Chun

Wing Chun (Chinese: 詠春 or 咏春, lit.

"singing spring"[4][5]), sometimes spelled
Ving Tsun, is a concept-based fighting art,
form of Southern Chinese kung fu and
close-quarters system of self-defense. In
Mandarin, it is pronounced "Yong Chun."
 Wing Chun

Ip Man and Bruce Lee practising " 双黐手",

meaning "double sticky hands".

Also known as Ving Tsun, Wing Tsun,

Ving Chun

Focus Self-defense, striking,

grappling, trapping

Country of origin Foshan, China

Creator No definitive founder

has been identified;
there are eight
 distinct lineages with
different stories
regarding its
conception[1][2] For
further information,
see Branches of Wing
Chun
Famous practitioners

Parenthood Shaolin Kung Fu /

Nanquan.[2]

Descendant arts Jeet Kune Do, Arnett

Sport Kung Fu,
German Jujutsu[a][3]
Vietnamese Wing
Chun
 Wing Chun

Traditional Chinese 詠春

Simplified Chinese 咏春

Literal meaning "singing spring"[4][5]

Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin

Hanyu Pinyin Yong3 Chun1

Yue: Cantonese

Jyutping Wing6 Ceon1

Origins
Complications in the history and
documentation of Wing Chun are
attributed to the art being passed from
teacher to student orally, rather than in
writing. Another reason is the secrecy of
its development, due to its connections to
Anti-Qing rebellious movements.[6]

There are at least nine different distinct

lineages of Wing Chun, each having its
own history of origin. Additionally, there
are competing genealogies within the
same branch or about the same individual
teacher. The nine distinct lineages of Wing
Chun which have been identified are:

Ip Man[7]
Yuen Kay-shan[8][9]
 Yuen Chai-wan
Gu Lao Village [10][11]
Nanyang / Cao Dean[12]
Pan Nam[13]
Pao Fa Lien[14]
Hung Suen / Hung Gu Biu [15]
Jee Shim[16] / Weng Chun[17]

Regardless of the origins espoused by

perspective Wing Chun branches and
lineages, there is much third-party
controversy and speculative theorizing
regarding the true origins of Wing Chun. In
the West, Wing Chun's history has become
a mix of fact and fiction due to the
impacts of early secrecy and modern
marketing.[1]

Wing Chun in present

The Ving Tsun Athletic Association was
founded in 1967 by Cantonese master Ip
Man and seven of his senior students so
they could teach Wing Chun together and
Ip Man would not take on all the work
himself.[18] The first public demonstration
of the Wing Chun fighting system,
according to Ip Man, took place in Hong
Kong at an official exhibition fight in the
winter of 1969 at what was then the
Baptist College (now the Hong Kong
Baptist University). Leung Ting, a student
of Ip Man, invited his master and some
well-known representatives of the martial
arts scene of the time to the college and
conducted the exhibition fights in front of
the specialist audience. The Association
helped Wing Chun to spread to the rest of
the world.[19][20]

Organizational structure in the past

In ancient China, Wing Chun, like all other

martial arts or craft guilds, was
traditionally passed on in a familiar way,
from master to student. The master, who
had personal responsibility for the entire
training of the student (apprentice), was
addressed as Sifu (master). The lessons
often took place in the master's house,
where a personal bond would develop
between the master and his family and the
student (apprentice), with certain mutual
obligations. The first public martial arts
schools were established in Hong Kong.
Since then, Wing Chun lessons have taken
on a more modern, academic, and
commercial character.

In some schools, however, the family

system was still maintained. Lo Man-kam,
a nephew of Ip Man, still teaches his
students in his home in Taipei. Suitable
selected long-term students are still
accepted into the inner circle of the Wing
Chun family by the Sifu in the traditional
way, through a master-student tea
ceremony. This ceremony underlines the
deep personal bond that has developed
between master and student through the
long training period.

Organizational structure in modern

Europe

There is no uniform umbrella organization

in Europe under which Wing Chun
practitioners are grouped, but rather
numerous, sometimes competing and
divided associations, schools, and
individual teachers. Most associations do
not appear in the legal form of
associations that have voluntarily merged
to form an association, but as commercial
organizations in which associated schools
are integrated, which are authorized and
certified by the association. Some of the
associations are organized in a franchise
system.

In some associations, based on the family

system that was used in the past,
obedience and obligations towards the
master and his teacher are emphasized,
although these are rarely directly related to
their training students.

Characteristics

General

Wing Chun favors a relatively high, narrow

stance with the elbows close to the body.
Within the stance, arms are generally
positioned across the vital points of the
centerline with hands in a vertical "wu sau"
("protecting hand" position).[21] This puts
the practitioner in a position to make
readily placed blocks and fast-moving
blows to vital striking points down the
center of the body, i.e. the neck, chest,
belly and groin. Shifting or turning within a
stance is done on the heels, balls, or
middle (K1 or Kidney point 1) of the foot,
depending on the lineage. Some Wing
Chun styles discourage the use of high
kicks because this risks counter-attacks to
the groin. The practice of "settling" one's
opponent to brace them more effectively
against the ground helps one deliver as
much force as possible.[22][23]

Relaxation

Softness (via relaxation) and performance

of techniques in a relaxed manner, and by
training the physical, mental, breathing,
energy and force in a relaxed manner to
develop Chi "soft wholesome force",[24] is
fundamental to Wing Chun. On "softness"
in Wing Chun, Ip Man during an interview
said:

Wing Chun is in some sense a

"soft" school of martial arts.
However, if one equates that
work as weak or without
strength, then they are dead
wrong. Chi Sau in Wing Chun is
to maintain one's flexibility and
softness, all the while keeping in
 the strength to fight back, much
like the flexible nature of
bamboo".[25]

Forms

Most common forms

Butterfly Swords

The most common system of forms in

Wing Chun consists of three empty hand
forms, two weapon forms: the Dragon pole
and Butterfly swords, and a wooden
dummy form.[26]

Empty hand
 The first and most important form in Wing Chun, Siu Nim Tau ("The little idea for
beginning"), is to be practiced throughout the practitioner's lifetime.[27] It is the
foundation or "seed" of the art, on which all succeeding forms and techniques
are based.[28] Fundamental rules of balance and body structure are developed
here. Using a car analogy; for some branches this would provide the chassis,[29]
for others this is the engine.[30] It serves as the basic alphabet of the system.
Some branches view the symmetrical stance as the fundamental fighting stance,
小 Tau
Siu Nim
while others see it as a training stance used in developing technique.[31]
念 (Little Although many of the movements are similar, Siu Nim Tau varies significantly
頭 Idea) between the different branches of Wing Chun. In Ip Man's Wing Chun, the first
section of the form is done by training the basic power for the hand techniques
by tensing and relaxing the arms.[32] In Moy Yat's Wing Chun, the first section of
the form is done without muscle tension and slowly in a meditative, calm, and
being "in the moment" way.[33] In 1972, weeks before he died, Ip Man
demonstrated Siu Nim Tau (also known as Siu Lim Tau) on film, showing how the
form is to be performed.[34]

The second form, Chum Kiu, focuses on coordinated movement of body mass
and entry techniques to "bridge the gap" between practitioner and opponent, and
move in to disrupt their structure and balance.[35][36] Close-range attacks using
the elbows and knees are also developed here. It also teaches methods of

尋 Chum Kiu recovering position and centerline when in a compromised position where Siu

橋 (Sinking
Bridge)
Nim Tau structure has been lost. For some branches, bodyweight in striking is a
central theme, either from pivoting (rotational) or stepping (translational).
Likewise, for some branches, this form provides the engine to the car. For
branches that use the "sinking bridge" interpretation, the form has more
emphasis on "uprooting", adding multi-dimensional movement and spiraling to
the already developed engine.

標 Biu Jee The third and last form, Biu Jee, is composed of extreme short-range and
指 (Clear extreme long-range techniques, low kicks and sweeps, and "emergency
Direction) techniques" to counter-attack when structure and centerline have been seriously
compromised, such as when the practitioner is seriously injured.[37] As well as
the pivoting and stepping developed in Chum Kiu, a third degree of freedom
involves more upper body, and stretching is developed for more power. Such
movements include close-range elbow strikes and finger thrusts to the throat.
 For some branches this is the turbo-charger of the car; for others it can be seen
as a "pit stop" kit that should never come into play, recovering your "engine" when
it has been lost. Still other branches view this form as imparting deadly "killing"
and maiming techniques that should never be used without good reason. A
common Wing Chun saying is "Biu Jee doesn't go out the door". Some interpret
this to mean the form should be kept secret; others interpret it as meaning it
should never be used if you can help it.

Wooden dummy

木 Muk Yan

人 Jong
樁 (Wooden
Dummy)

Muk Yan Jong is performed on a wooden dummy, which serves as a training tool
to teach the student the use of Wing Chun Kuen against a live opponent. There
are many versions of this form which come from a variety of Wing Chun Kung Fu
lineages.

Other forms
San Sik (Chinese: 散式; Cantonese Yale:
Sáan Sīk; pinyin: Sǎn Shì; 'Separate forms'),
along with the other three forms, is the
basis of all Wing Chun techniques. They
are compact in structure, and can be
loosely grouped into three broad
categories: (1) Focus on building body
structure through basic punching,
standing, turning, and stepping drills; (2)
Fundamental arm cycles and changes,
firmly ingraining the cardinal tools for
interception and adaptation; (3) Sensitivity
training and combination techniques.[38]

Weapons
The Yuen Kay Shan / Sum Nung branch
also historically trained to throw darts
(Biu).

In film and popular culture

Donnie Yen played the role of Wing Chun
Grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 movie Ip
Man, and in its sequels Ip Man 2, Ip Man 3,
and Ip Man 4.[39][40] The Ip Man series of
movies is credited in reviving interest in
the martial art in the 2010s, the Ip Man
trilogy received critical acclaim in the box
office. Ip Man was Bruce Lee's master
which made the trilogy so popular, Lee
was largely responsible for launching the
"kung fu craze" of the
1970s.[41][42][43][44][45][46]

In December 2019, a new Wing Chun

fighter named Leroy Smith was introduced
to the fighting game Tekken 7 roster as
downloadable content. When creating
characters to represent real-world martial
arts, the developers wanted to introduce a
new fighter utilizing Wing Chun. The
developers consulted Ip Man's nephew,
who provided motion capture for the
character.[47]

Notable practitioners
Some notable practitioners of Wing Chun
are Ip Man and his sons Ip Chun and Ip
Ching, Max Zhang (Zhang Jin), the martial
artist Bruce Lee, Donnie Yen, and Dan
Inosanto, and actor Robert Downey
Jr.[48][49]

Robert Downey Jr. with Wing Chun masters William Cheung and Eric Oram

See also
Chinese martial arts
Wing Chun terms
 Wushu
List of films featuring Wing Chun
Kung Fu (Ranking)

Bibliography
Chu, Robert; Ritchie, Rene; Wu, Y. (2015). The
Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and
Tradition (https://books.google.com/books?i
d=Ux0NCwAAQBAJ) . Tuttle Publishing.
ISBN 978-1-4629-1753-2.
Leung, Ting (2000). Roots and Branches of
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(https://www.scribd.com/document/159561
680/Roots-of-Wing-Tsun) . Leung Ting Co
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External links
 Media related to Wing Chun at
Wikimedia Commons
Communication with Wing Chun Kung
Fu System (https://selfdefense-wt.com)

Notes
a. Wing Chun techniques were added to
German Jujutsu curriculum in year 2000.
Prior to that German Jujutsu did not
contain Wing Chun techniques.

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