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What Are Arithmetic Micro-Operations

Arithmetic micro-operations are basic operations performed on data stored in registers. They include addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing register values. Micro-operations are implemented using combinational logic circuits or binary counters to add, subtract, or increment/decrement the contents of registers. Common arithmetic micro-operations include adding the values of two registers and storing the sum in a third register, or incrementing a register by adding 1 to its value.

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87 views

What Are Arithmetic Micro-Operations

Arithmetic micro-operations are basic operations performed on data stored in registers. They include addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing register values. Micro-operations are implemented using combinational logic circuits or binary counters to add, subtract, or increment/decrement the contents of registers. Common arithmetic micro-operations include adding the values of two registers and storing the sum in a third register, or incrementing a register by adding 1 to its value.

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Md Ekhteare35
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1/17/23, 10:19 PM What are Arithmetic Micro-operations?

What are Arithmetic Micro-operations?

The operations implemented on data stored in registers are known as micro-operations. A micro-
operation is a basic operation implemented on the data saved in one or more registers.

There are various micro-operations including addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement.

Add Micro-Operation
It is described by the following statement −

R3 → R1 + R2

The following statement instructs the information or contents of register R1 to be inserted to data or
content of register R2 and the sum must be converted to register R3.

Subtract Micro-Operation
Example −

R3 → R1 + R2' + 1

Subtract micro-operation are using minus operator we create 1's complement and add 1 to the
register which obtains subtracted, i.e R1 - R2 is similar to R3 → R1 + R2' + 1

Increment/Decrement Micro-Operation
In Increment and decrement micro-operations, it is usually implemented by adding and subtracting
1 to and from the register respectively.

R1 → R1 + 1

R1 → R1 – 1

The following table demonstrates the symbolic representation of several Arithmetic Micro-
operations.

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1/17/23, 10:19 PM What are Arithmetic Micro-operations?

Symbolic Representation Description

R3 ← R1 + R2 The contents of R1 plus R2 are moved to R3.

R3 ←R1$ R1 - R2 The contents of R1 minus R2 are moved to R3.

R2 ←R1$ R2' Complement the contents of R2 (1's complement).

R2 ←R1$ R2' + 1 2's complement the contents of R2 (negate).

R3 ← R1 + R2' + 1 R1 plus the 2's complement of R2 (subtraction).

R1 ←R1$ R1 + 1 It can increment the contents of R1 by one.

R1 ←R1$ R1 - 1 It can decrement the contents of R1 by one.

The increment and decrement micro-operations are symbolized by plus one and minus-one
operations, respectively. These micro-operations are performed with a combinational circuit or with
a binary up-down counter.

The arithmetic operations of multiply and divide are not shown in the table. These two operations
are valid arithmetic operations but are not contained in the essential set of micro-operations.

In this case, the signals that implement these operations propagate by gates, and the result of the
operation can be transferred into a destination register through a clock pulse immediately after the
output signal propagates by the combinational circuit.

The multiplication operation is performed with a series of add and shift micro-operations. The
division is executed with a series of subtracting and shift micro-operations.

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