GRADE 9 =7LE Information and Communication TechnologySELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS MEMORY Memory is used most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage, When the information is kept in memory, the CPU can access it much more quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to store data temporarilyREAD-ONLY MEMORY (ROM) Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the , motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions that can be 7 directly accessed by the CPU. Dy Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating systems are stored in ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down. The contents cannot be erased or changed by normal means.RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) Random Access Memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off. The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has to hold and process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance. Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips. The individual memory chips, called Dual Inline Package (DIP) chips, was difficult to install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve this problem, designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a memory module.SIMMs and DIMMs Lue: | SIMMs (Single Inline Memory Module) have 30-pin and ma 72-pin configurations. = @ DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) is a circuit board that holds @ SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM. DDR (Double Data Rate) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM, DDR2 offers faster performance while using less technology. DDR3 operates at even higher speeds than DDR2; however, none of these DDR technologies are backward- or forward- compatible.CACHES AND REGISTERS Caches are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the data used most often by the CPU instantly available, Registers are memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU). An integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled directly by the compiler that sends information for the CPU to process.STORAGE DRIVES Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media. The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard drive. For portability, some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB port, a FireWire port, or a SCSI port. These portable storage drives are sometimes referred to as removable drives and can be used on multiple computers.Hard Drive A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications. The hard drive is often configured as the first drive in the boot sequence. The storage capacity of a hard drive is measured in billions of bytes, or gigabytes (GB). The speed of a hard drive is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). Multiple hard drives can be added to increase storage capacity. Traditional hard drives are magnetic. Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed to spin magnetic platters and the Ss drive heads. In contrast, the newer solid state drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts. Because there are no drive motors and moving parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive. Non-volatile flash memory chips manage all storage on an SSD, which results in faster access to data, higher reliability, and reduced power usage. SSDs have the same form factor as magnetic hard drives and use ATA or SATA interfaces. SSDs can be installed as a replacement for magnetic drives.sen en Optical Drive An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to & read data on the optical media. There are three types of é optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD). CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or re- writable (read and write multiple times}.ial External Flash Drive An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage device that connects to a USB port. é An external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile memory chips as solid state drives and does not require power to maintain the data. These drives can be accessed by the operating system in the same way that other types of drives are accessed.Types of Drive Interfaces F Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer, the connection interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the motherboard. Here are some common drive 7 interfaces: ¢ IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics, also called : Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an , early drive controller interface that connects ; computers and hard disk drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.« SATA - Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. A SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector. « SCSI - Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.A. Fill-in the blanks the correct letters to form a word/s that best 7 describes the statement. 1. These are memory cells that contain specific data needed by the CPU. RGU eR 2. It is a a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives. 4 Ss_ 3. Contents are erased when the computer is powered off. i A ¢P 4. These are soldered memory chips on a special circuit board. ME_O_Y _OD_L_ 5. This is used to connect the drive to the computer. Ain mtnB. Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise, write False. F 6. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating systems are stored in ROM. 7. RAM is the permanent storage for data and programs that are being @ accessed by the CPU. 8. Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with the same interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer. 9. A SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector. 10. Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips.| REGISTERS SCSI VOLATILE MEMORY MODULE INTERFACE 4 True False False True oO. True OO RN AARON