Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
JOINT AND COMBINED
VARIATIONS
–

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
 What Need to Know

In this module, you will learn more about situations that involve
variations when you take the following lessons:

Lesson 1 • Joint Variation

Lesson 2 • Combined Variation

In these lessons you will learn to:

• Illustrates situations that involve the following variations:

(a) direct; (b) inverse; (c) joint; (d) combined (M9AL-Ila-1)
• translates into variation statement a relationship between two
given quantities given by: (a) a table of values; (b) a
mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa. (M9AL-Ila-b-
1)
• Solve problems involving variation. (M9AL-Ilb-c-1)

Learning Objectives:
After answering the module, you must be able to:
1. Identify joint variation and combined variation.
2. Translate into variation statement a relationship involving joint
and combined variations between two quantities given by a
mathematical equation and vice versa.
3. Solving problems involving joint and combined variations

Lesson 1 Joint Variation

What’s In
Let us consider the following situations.

A. The cost c of fish varies directly as its weight w in kilograms.

B. The number of men n needed to do a job varies inversely as the number
of days d to finish the job.
Questions:

1. What kind of variation does each of the situation represent?

2. Give the equation that describes each situation.
3. How many quantities are involved in each situation?

What’s New
Consider the situation.

The simple interest earned in a given time depends on the

principal and the interest rate.

Questions:
1. How many quantities are involved?
2. Can you give the equation which describes the relationship of the
quantities involve in the given situation?

This lesson deals with another concept of variation which

involves three or more quantities simultaneously.
Examples: Area, Volume

What is It

If y varies directly as the product of x and z, that is, if there is a

constant k such that y = kxz or k = , then y varies jointly as x and z.

Illustrative Examples

1. Find the equation of the variation where a varies jointly as b and c,

where a = 90 when b =3 and c = 10. Solution:

The relation a varies jointly as b and c is translated to a = kbc.

Substitute the values to find k.
 The equation of the variation is a = 3bc.

2. x varies jointly as y and z and x = 625 when y = 25 and z =5. Find x

when y = 14 and z = 2.5. Solution:

a. The relation x varies jointly as y and z is translated to x =

kyz.
b. Substitute the values to find k.

The constant of variation k = 5.

c. Find x when y = 14 and z = 2.5. x = kyz
x = (5)( 14)(2.5) x =
175

4. The simple interest I earned in a given time varies jointly as the principal P and
interest rate r. If Php 3000 earned Php 450 at 6% interest rate, how much would
be earned by Php 5000 at 5% interest rate in the same time? Solution:

a. The relation can be translated to I = kPr.

b. Substitute the values to find k.

Find I when P = 5000 and r = 5% or 0.05.

The interest earned is Php625.

 What’s More

Activity 1. Translate each variation statement into a mathematical sentence.

Use k as the constant of variation.
1. r varies jointly as s and t.

2. V varies jointly as l, w, and h.

3. The volume of a cylinder V varies jointly as its height h and the square
of the radius r.
4. The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b and altitude h.

5. The volume V of a square pyramid varies jointly as the altitude h and

the square of one side s of the base.

Activity 2. Answer the following:

1. b varies jointly as c and d. If b = 243 when c = 3 and d = 9, find the

constant of variation and the equation of the relation.

2. x varies jointly as y and z and x = 63 when y = 3 and z = 7. Find z when

x = 210 and y = 14.

3. x varies jointly as y and z and x = 152 when y = 19 and z =4. Find x

when y = 14.5 and z = 12.

4. Find the equation of the variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and
a = 330 when b =6 and c = 5.
5. The weight W of a cylindrical metal varies jointly as its length l and the
square of the diameter d of its base.

a. If W = 6 kg when l = 6 cm and d = 3 cm, find the equation of variation.

b. Find l when W = 10 kg and d = 2 cm.
c. Find W when d = 6 cm and l = 1.4 cm.
 What I Have Learned

Answer the following:

1. What is a joint variation?

2.How can you tell that a situation involves a joint variation?

3. How many quantities are involved in joint variation?

4. How do you find the constant variation in a given situation?

What I Can Do
A. Solve the following:

1. The amount of gasoline used by a car varies jointly as the distance travelled
and the square root of the speed. Suppose a car used 25 liters on a 100
kilometer trip at 100 km/hr. About how many liters will it use on a 192-
kilometer trip at 64 km/hr?

2. The area of a triangle varies jointly as the base and the height. A triangle with a
base of 8 cm and a height of 9 cm has an area of 36 square centimeters. Find the
area when the base is 10 cm and the height is 7 cm.

B. Make a journal of real-life situations/ pictures where concepts of joint

variation are applied.

Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Find the equation of variation where x varies jointly as y and z, and x= 48

when y = 4 and z = 3.

A. x = 4yz B. y = 4xz C. z = 4xy D. x = yz

2. If a varies jointly as b and c, find the constant of variation if a =5, b = 8
and c = 480.
1__
A. k = 3840 B. k = 768 C. k = 40 D. k = 768

3. x varies jointly as y and w. If y =2 when k = 3 and w = 11, then find x.

A. 70 B. 66 C. 50 D. 33

4. Translate this variation statement into an equation.

“ The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b and height h.

A. A= bh B.A= ____ C. A= kbh D. h= kAb
h

5. The area A of a rectangle varies jointly as the length l and width w of the
rectangle. If the area A = 200 cm2 when l = 5 cm and w = 10 cm, find the
area A of a triangle whose length l is 15 cm and width w is 8 cm.

A. 480 cm2 B. 600 cm2 C. 660 cm2 D. 900 cm2

6. p varies jointly as q and r. If q =3 , k = 6 and r = 9, find p.

A. 180 B. 162 C. 200 D. 225

7 . s varies jointly as t and u. Find the constant of variation k if s = 80 when t =

4 and u = 2.
A. 5 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12

8. b varies jointly as c and d. Find c if b = 30 when k =5 and d=3.

A. 5 when B. 4 C. 3 D. 2

9. Translate the equation f = kgh into variation statement.

A. f varies directly as h. C. f varies jointly as g and h.
B. g varies inversely as h. D. f is directly proportional to g.

10. Translate the variation statement into an equation.

“ The heat H produce by an electric lamp varies jointly as the resistance

R and the square of the current i. ”

A. H =kRi B.H= C.H= D.H=

11. Find the constant of the variation where c varies jointly as d and e, and
c = 60 when d = 5 and e = 3.
A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7

12. Find the value of the constant of variation if x varies jointly as y and z,
and x = 192, y = 4 and z = 4.
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 20

13 . Translate the variation statement into an equation.

“ The force F applied to an object varies jointly as the mass m and the
acceleration a.”

A.F= B. F =kma C. m=kFa D. a=kFm

14. n varies jointly as m and p and n = 48 when m = 2 and p =3. Find n when
m =10 and p =3.5

A. 180 B. 200 C. 280 D. 300

15. x varies jointly as y and z and x =60 when y = 2 and z = 2. Find z when
x = 180 and y = 3.

A.4 B.5 C.8 D.12

Lesson COMBINED VARIATION

2

What’s In

Tell what kind of variation is involved in the following situations:

1. The area of the wall to the amount of paint used to cover it

2. The age of a used car to its resale value

3. The area of a parallelogram to its base and height

 What’s New

Consider the variation statement.

The altitude h of a right circular cylinder varies directly as the

volume V and inversely as the square of the length of the radius r of the
circular base of the cylinder.

Questions:

1. What are the variations involved?

2. Can you give the equation which describes the relationship of the
quantities involved in the given situation?

This lesson deals with another concept of variation which involves

both the direct and inverse variations.

What is It

Illustrative Examples

1. Translate the following variation statements into mathematical equations

using k as the constant of variation.

a. M varies directly as n and inversely p.

 b. A varies directly as b and inversely as c.

2. If z varies directly as x and inversely as y, and z =18 when x = 6 and y =

2, find z when x = 10 and y = 6.
Solution:
a. The relation “z varies directly as x and inversely as y” is translated

b. Substitute the values to find k.

c. Find z when x = 10 and y = 6.

3. A variable a varies jointly as b and c and inversely as d. If a = 14 when

b= 4, c = 7, and d = 6, find the value of c when a = 10, b = 5, and d= 6.
Solution:
a. The relation “a varies jointly as b and c and inversely as d ” is

b. Substitute the values to find k.

 c. Find the value of c when a = 10, b = 5, and d = 6.

What’s More

Activity 1. Using k as the constant of variation, write the equation of

variation for each of the following:

1. W varies jointly as c and the square of a and inversely as b.

2. D varies directly as the square of f and inversely as g.

3. The force F of attraction between two bodies varies directly as the

product of their weights W and inversely as the square of the
distance d between them.

4. The time t required for an elevator to lift a weight varies jointly with
the weight w and the distance d through which it is to be lifted and
inversely with the power P of the motor.

5. At a given temperature, the electrical resistance R of a piece of

copper wire varies directly as its length l and inversely as the square
of its diameter d .

Activity 2. Solve the following:

1. If r varies directly as s and inversely as the square t, and r = 4

when s = 20 and t = 5, find

a. r when t = 2 and s = 48.

b. s when t = 5 and r = 8.

c. t when r = 25 and s = 5.
 2. The current I varies directly as the electromotive force E and inversely as
the resistance R. If in a system a current of 20 amperes flows through a
resistance of 20 ohms with an electromotive force of 100
volts, find the current that 150 volts will send through the system.

What I Have Learned

Answer the following:

1. What is a combined variation?

2. How can you tell that a situation involves a combined variation?
3. What is the difference between a joint and a combined variation?

What I Can Do
A. Give a 5 real-life situations/ problems which involves combined
variation.
B. Design a plan on how to market a particular product considering the
number of units of the product sold, cost of the product, and the budget
for advertising. The number of units sold varies directly with the
advertising budget and inversely as the price of each product.

Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
 REFERENCES

Soledad and Bernabe , Julieta G, Intermediate Algebra

,Revised Edition
Mathematics 9 Learner’s Module
Next Generation Math http://www.mathisfun.com
{ HYPERLINK "http://www.mathbitsnotebook.com" }
{ HYPERLINK "http://www.courses.lumenlearning.com" }

Development Team of the Module

Writer’s Name: Armil O. Turtor
Reviewer’s Name: Ismael K. Yusoph
Management Team: SDS: Ma. Liza R. Tabilon
ASDS: Judith V. Romaguera
OIC-ASDS: Ma. Judelyn J. Ramos
OIC-ASDS: Armando P. Gumapon
CID Chief: Lilia E. Abello,Ed.D.
LR : Evelyn C. Labad
PSDS: Antonina D. Gallo, Ed.D.
Principal: Daisy Flor J. Romaguera