ME 311: Heat Transfer

End Semester Examination: 2:00-5:00 PM. November 24th , 2020

General Instructions

• Any missed reference/data can be assumed with suitable justifications.

• The question paper divided in to two parts (Part I and II), with each consisting of 5
questions worth 10 marks each.

• You have 3 hours to solve this question paper. Upload the scanned images of your
answers (in a single PDF).

Very Important (Please do not skip this, read this twice)

Each question will have different set of number inputs according to your roll numbers. Your
roll number is in the format AB-CD-EF-GHI where AB is your year of joining (19/20), CD
is your degree (01), EF is your department (03) and GHI is your specific registration number
(001-999). You have to suitably replace correct numbers in place of the combination of letters
provided in each question.

Illustration
Suppose the question says that the surface area of heat exchanger is 2I.H mm2 , and your roll
number is 190103002, then you have to use 22.0 mm2 when solving the question.

PART I
Q.1 A thermocouple is used to measure air temperature in a cavity. Suppose, the thermocou-
ple reading is 100 + DI0◦ C, the walls are at 100◦ C, and the convective heat transfer coefficient
is h = 15.I W/m2 K. Emissivity of the thermocouple is 0.4. Calculate the actual air temper-
ature for the following conditions, assuming thermocouple to shield view factor to be unity.
a) When there is no radiation shield around the thermocouple.
b) When a radiation shield with emissivity  = 0.05 is placed around the thermocouple with
surface area ratio of shield to the thermocouple bead of 12.
Q.2 Two plane coaxial disks are separated by a distance L = 0.30 m. The lower disk (A1)
is solid with a diameter Do = 0.60 m and at a temperature T 1 = 200 + DI0◦ C. The upper
disk (A2), at temperature T 2 = 20I ◦ C has the same outer diameter but is ring-shaped with
an inner diameter Di = 0.30 m. Both the disks are diffuse and gray having an emissivity of
0.8I. For heat transfer only by radiation, calculate the net heat transfer between two disks
and radiosities for both the disks.

Q.3 A copper container containing water is placed in a closed room having 35 ◦ C room
temperature. Ceiling fan is switched on to maintain constant room temperature and a relative
humidity of 3I% inside the room. Determine the temperature of water in the container when
steady state condition is reached. Use the following expression (Symbols have their usual
meaning):

Note: Assume the water to be at 25◦ C initially, refer the other properties from the property
table of air and saturated water.

Q.4 The condenser of a steam power plant consists of a square (in-line) array of tubes, each
of 2H mm diameter. Consider conditions for which saturated steam at 0.105 bar condenses
on the outer surface of each tube, while a tube wall temperature of 17◦ C is maintained by the
flow of cooling water through the tubes. What is the rate of heat transfer to the water per
unit length of the tube array? What is the corresponding condensation rate?

Note: Assume the properties of saturated steam at 0.105 bar as Tsat = 47◦ C, ρg = 0.0715
kg/m3 , hf g = 2390 kJ/kg, ρl = 995 kg/m3 , µl = 769 × 10−6 N.s/m2 , kl = 0.620 W/mK,
cp,l = 4178 J/kgK

Q.5 A parallel-flow heat exchanger has an area equal to 30 m2 and U = 500 W/m2 K. Cold
(Cc = 20000 W/K) and hot (Ch = 10000 W/K) fluid enters the heat exchanger at EI ◦ C and
ABC ◦ C respectively. Use suitable method to calculate the following.
1) Calculate the heat transfer rate.
2) Calculate the exit temperatures.
3) If the heat exchanger area is reduced by 33.3%, calculate the updated exit temperatures
for counter-flow configuration.

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4) Comment on the exit temperatures obtained for parallel flow and counter flow configura-
tions.

PART II
Q.6 An aluminium (k = 280 W/mK) bar of variable cross-section is exposed to constant
temperatures at either ends. The left most end of the bar is at the origin and the right most
at a distance 1 m in the positive x direction. In other words, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. The cross-section of
the bar is square in shape whose side (s) is a function of the distance x from the origin given
by:
s = 1 + x2.I
The constant temperature boundary condition at the left end (x = 0) is equal to 1000 K. The
right most end (x = 1) of the bar is held at HI K.
1) Calculate the rate of heat transfer across the bar.
2) Obtain the expression for temperature distribution T (x).

Q 7 Air at 4.HI×10−4 kg/s and 2I ◦ C enters a triangular duct that is 20 mm on a side and 2
m long. The duct surface is maintained at 1HI ◦ C. Assuming fully developed flow throughout
the duct, determine the air outlet temperature.

Q 8 Determine the average convection heat transfer coefficient for the 2.IH m high vertical
walls of a home having respective interior air and wall surface temperatures of (a) 2H ◦ C and
1I ◦ C

Q. 9 A T-type thermocouple initially at 30◦ C is transferred to water at 70◦ C, and then oil
at 100◦ C and finally back to air at 20◦ C. Assume in each case, the transfer is instantaneous.
Duration of time in each medium is 30s. Time constants are given as follows: air to water =
36s; water to oil = 5s; oil to air = 12s.
1) Find the temperature of the thermocouple after 30, 60 and 90s.

Q 10 Suppose there is a chemically active substance stored in a cylindrical steel (4I W/mK)
container of radius 25 cm and height 1 m. The substance in the container produces 10H000
W/m3 heat which is cooled from the sides of the container (Top and bottom are insulated).
The container is a special container with an array of 8 equi-spaced constant area radial fins
attached on its side such that the radius of the outer edge of the fin is 40 cm and the fin
thickness is 1 cm. The container is surrounded by gas at ambient temperature 3I ◦ C and heat
transfer coefficient equal to 50 W/m2 K.

A) Assuming no radiation losses and treating the problem as strictly one-dimensional, calcu-
late the overall efficiency of the fin+cylinder system and the base temperature assuming the
single fin efficiency η =0.66. Note: When calcuting the fin area, calculate the actual fin areas
(on either side of the fin) including the exact fin edge area.

B) Calculate the maximum temperature in the cylinder.

C) Using the standard relations, calculate correct single-fin effiency and comment on how close

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was our assumption in the first part of the question. Take m2 = 2h/(kt). Use the definition
of Af as given in the figure below.

Note: Use the following link to calculate modified Bessel function of first (I) and second (K)
kind. https: // keisan. casio. com/ exec/ system/ 1180573473