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Chapter4 Circuittheorem Part3

This document discusses circuit analysis theorems including linearity property, superposition theorem, source transformation, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem. It provides examples and step-by-step procedures for applying each theorem. Specifically, it outlines the key steps to use Thevenin's theorem to find equivalent circuits for circuits containing only independent sources or those containing both independent and dependent sources. The document aims to teach students how to understand and apply these important circuit analysis tools.

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Muzhaffar Jasman
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56 views

Chapter4 Circuittheorem Part3

This document discusses circuit analysis theorems including linearity property, superposition theorem, source transformation, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem. It provides examples and step-by-step procedures for applying each theorem. Specifically, it outlines the key steps to use Thevenin's theorem to find equivalent circuits for circuits containing only independent sources or those containing both independent and dependent sources. The document aims to teach students how to understand and apply these important circuit analysis tools.

Uploaded by

Muzhaffar Jasman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4: Circuit Theorem

Linearity Property

Superposition

Source Transformation

Thevenin’s Theorem

Norton’s Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer


At the end of this class, students should be able to:
1. Understand the definition of the Thevenin theorem.
2. Understand the steps to apply the Thevenin theorem without
dependent source.
3. Understand the steps to apply the Thevenin theorem with
dependent source.
4. Solve the problem related to Thevenin theorem.
Revision
Linearity Property
OUTPUT = k (INPUT) where k = constant

Io is a linear function of Vs
2 x 2 Vs = 2 x 2 Io

Vo is a linear function of Is
2 x 2Is = 2 x 2 Vo

A CIRCUIT IS LINEAR ONLY IF IT IS MADE OF LINEAR ELEMENTS (LIKE RESISTORS) AND SATISFY
THE ADDITIVE PROPERTY

V = (I1+ I2) R = I1R + I2R = V1 + V2


Example:

Vo = ?
Vo = kVs, find k
Superposition Theorem
SUPERPOSITION DEFINITION
“The VOLTAGE across or CURRENT through an element in a linear circuit is the ALGEBRAIC
SUM of the voltage across (or current through) that element due to each independent
source acting alone”
Turned off: It means all the independent source are replaced by their internal resistance. i.e we replace every voltage
source by 0V, and every current source by 0A.

Important Note:
1. The dependent sources are left as they are.
2. The superposition theorem is not valid in case of non-linear circuits.
Example 1:
Use the superposition theorem to find V in the circuit given below.

1 2

V = V1 + V2
Example 2:
Use the superposition theorem to find Vx in the circuit given below.

1
2

2
Source Transformation
• Tools to simplify circuits.
• Process to replace a voltage source, Vs in series with resistor, R by
a current source, Is parallel with a resistor, R.
a) Independent source transform

b) Dependent source transform


Thevenin’s Theorem
It states that a linear two‐terminal circuit
(Fig. a) can be replaced by an equivalent
circuit (Fig. b) consisting of a voltage
source Vth in series with a resistor Rth,
where:
 Vth is the open‐circuit voltage at the Figure (a)
terminals.
 Rth is the input or equivalent
resistance at the terminals when the
independent sources are turned off.

Figure (b)
Thevenin’s Theorem

CASE 1 CASE 2
Circuit containing Circuit containing
only independent independent and
sources dependent sources
CASE 1: Circuit containing only independent sources

Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit of the circuit to the left of


terminal a-b, then find I
Procedure

1. Remove the resistor and mark the terminals. 2. Find the open circuit voltage (Vth) using any method.

3. Deactivate all independent sources and find Rth. 4. Produce the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit and reconnecting the
load resistor.
Use Thevenin’s to find Vo
Use Thevenin’s to find Vo
Thevenin’s equivalent circuit
CASE 2: Circuit containing dependent sources

To find Rth: To find Vth:


1. Remove load from terminal. 1. Remove load from
2. Turn off independent source. terminal.
3. Dependent source leave as 2. Find Vth = V open
it is. circuit using various
4. Connect Vo @ Io to the method.
terminal. Set Vo = 1 V @ Io
= 1 A.

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