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Electro 3 Lab Research

Shipboard power is generated using generators that work by inducing current in conductors using a rotating magnetic field. Generators have a stationary stator with coils and a rotating rotor that produces the magnetic field. Power is distributed onboard via a main switchboard connected to generators and an emergency switchboard connected to an emergency generator. The distribution system includes components like bus bars, circuit breakers, and transformers to efficiently supply power throughout the ship at various voltages.

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Juan Miguel Torres
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84 views

Electro 3 Lab Research

Shipboard power is generated using generators that work by inducing current in conductors using a rotating magnetic field. Generators have a stationary stator with coils and a rotating rotor that produces the magnetic field. Power is distributed onboard via a main switchboard connected to generators and an emergency switchboard connected to an emergency generator. The distribution system includes components like bus bars, circuit breakers, and transformers to efficiently supply power throughout the ship at various voltages.

Uploaded by

Juan Miguel Torres
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Torres, Juan Miguel N.

Power generation On board


Shipboard power is generated using a prime mover and an alternator working
together. For this an alternating current generator is used on board. The
generator works on the principle that when a magnetic field around a conductor
varies, a current is induced in the conductor.

 
The generator consists of a stationary set of conductors wound in coils on an iron
core. This is known as the stator. A rotating magnet called the rotor turns inside
this stator producing magnetic field. This field cuts across the conductor,
generating an induced EMF or electro-magnetic force as the mechanical input
causes the rotor to turn.

The magnetic field is generated by induction (in a brushless alternator) and by a


rotor winding energized by DC current through slip rings and brushes. Few points
to be noted about power on board are :

 AC, 3 phase power is preferred over DC as it gives more power for the
same size.
 3 phases is preferred over single phase as it draws more power and in the
event of failure of one phase, other 2 can still work.

Power Distribution on board


The Power Distributed on board a ship needs to be supplied efficiently
throughout the ship. For this the power distribution system of the ship is used.

Busbas inspection and maintenance


A shipboard distribution system consists of different component for distribution
and safe operation of the system. They are:

 Ship Generator consisting of prime mover and alternator


Main switch board which is a metal enclosure taking power from the diesel
generator and supplying it to different machinery.
 Bus Bars which acts as a carrier and allow transfer of load from one point to
another. Circuit breakers which act as a switch and in unsafe condition can
be tripped to avoid breakdown and accidents. Fuses as safety device for
machinery.
 Transformers to step up or step down the voltage. When supply is to be
given to the lighting system a step down transformer is used in the
distribution system.
 In a power distribution system, the voltage at which the system works is
usually 440v.
 There are some large installations where the voltage is as high as 6600v.
 Power is supplied through circuit breakers to large auxiliary machinery at
high voltage.
 For smaller supply fuse and miniature circuit breakers are used.
 The distribution system is three wires and can be neutrally insulated or
earthed.
 Insulated system is more preferred as compare to earthed system because
during an earth fault essential machinery such as steering gear can be lost.

Emergency Power
In case of the failure of the main power generation system on the ship, an
emergency power system or a standby system is also present. The emergency
power supply ensures that the essential machinery and system continues to
operate the ship.

Emergency power can be supplied by batteries or an emergency generator or


even both systems can be used.

Rating of the emergency power supply should be made in such a way that it
provides supply to the essential systems of the ship such as

a)     Steering gear system

b)    Emergency bilge and fire p/p

c)     Watertight doors.

d)    Fire fighting system.


e)     Ships navigation lights and emergency lights.

f)      Communication and alarm system.

Emergency generator is normally located outside the machinery space of the


ship. This is done mainly to avoid those emergency situations wherein access to
the engine room is not possible. A switch board in the emergency generator
room supplies power to different essential machinery.

Generator System
The generator system consists of an alternator and driver for the alternator which
can be a diesel-driven or steam-driven engine.

Many ships are equipped with shaft generator where the rotation of the main
engine of the ship is used to operate the alternator and generate additional
electricity.

The Power generated by these marine generators is transported to the Main


switchboard using Busbars. There are no electrical wire connections inside the
main and emergency switchboards on ships for connecting Power supply from
generators to these switchboards. All high voltage and high current systems are
connected by bus bars.

Main Switchboard System


The main switchboard is considered as the distribution hub of the ship’s electrical
system taking power from the power generator and distributing it to the power
consumer spread all over the ship. It provides a power supply to all important
ships machinery with 440V.

A part of the main switchboard is provided with a 220V supply via a stepdown
transformer. It includes bridge equipment, navigation lights, radio
communication equipment, etc. The power from the auxiliary switchboard is used
to charge the battery which is used for emergency lights.
Emergency Switchboard System
An emergency generator is required to be operational at all times once the main
generator fails. This emergency generator will start automatically and provide
power to the emergency switchboard.

All the emergency equipment supply is connected to the emergency switchboard.


The emergency switchboard is also divided into two sections – 440V and 220V,
providing supply to appropriate machinery and equipment.

Distribution system
The Distribution system comes after the switchboard and consists of the
following

Distribution boxes: These boxes are enclosed and made up of metal to supply


power to localized parts of the ship’s machinery.

Motor starter boxes: There are hundreds of motor operating several mechanical


machinery onboard ship. Each group of motors is provided with a motor starter
boxes containing their “On & OFF” switch along with safety devices. Local gauges
for amperage and temperature are fitted on the starter panel.
Shore connection boxes: When the ship is in a port with emission control
requirements or during the dry-docking process where the ship generator cannot
run, shore power is taken for running ship machinery. Shore panel is provided
which is usually located near accommodation entry or near the bunker station to
easily accept shore supply cable;

Lighting distribution panel


The lighting distribution panel supplies power to lighting systems,
accommodation systems, small heating appliances, circuits, and motors of 1/4 HP
or less.

Emergency switch-off panel: For safeguard of ship machinery and personnel,


various Emergency switch Off Panels are provided at different locations for
shutting down machinery and equipment in an emergency situation.

The main aim of installing a distribution system is to have an operational, alarm,


and safety consol for individual or group of machinery. Power is supplied through
circuit breakers to large auxiliary machinery at high voltage. For smaller supply
fuse and miniature circuit breakers are used.

Marine generator working principle


The generator works on the principle that when a magnetic field around a
conductor varies, a current is induced in the conductor.

The generator consists of a stationary set of conductors wound in coils on an iron


core. This is known as the stator. A rotating magnet called the rotor turns inside
this stator producing a magnetic field. This field cuts across the conductor,
generating an induced EMF or electro-magnetic force as the mechanical input
causes the rotor to turn.

The magnetic field is generated by induction (in a brushless alternator) and by a


rotor winding energized by DC current through slip rings and brushes.

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