INDEX

1) Introduction

2) History of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

3) Gandhi Ji and his role in Abhiyan

4) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan for the Urban areas

5) Main objectives of Urban Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

6) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan for Rural Areas

7) Main Features of Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan

8) Challenges of Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan

9) Cleanliness Projects

10) Activities Organised Across the nation

11) Money Allotment

12) Advantages

13) Disadvantages

14) Conclusion

 Introduction
India is a developing nation and development does not mean just
developing economically, it is defined by the overall development
of a country and its countrymen. A country will only be called
developed when its people are wealthy and healthy and this only be
done through personal practice. Even if you have created a
multinational empire and attained higher education but your
country has not developed from any other view then you will not
be called developed because you country is your identity

We can say that our country is still illiterate in terms of cleanliness

and it is our duty to contribute and make people aware because not
a single government campaign will be successful unless the
members of the society contribute. In this came our Prime Minister
Mr Narendra Modi started a cleanliness programme named Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan

 History of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was announced by Prime Minister of India
Narendra Modi on Indian Independence Day & launched on 2 Oct
2014, Gandhi Jayanti. On this day, Modi addressed the citizens of
India in a public gathering held at Rajghat, New Delhi, India and
asked everyone to join this campaign. Later on this day, Modi
himself swept a parking area at Mandir Marg Police Station
followed by pavement in Valmiki Basti, a colony of sanitation
workers, at Mandir Marg, near Connaught Place, New Delhi.

Swachh Bharat or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Campaign Clean India)

is a national level campaign by the Government of India covering
4041 statutory towns to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure
of the country.
This campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at
Rajghat, New Delhi, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi himself
wielded broom and cleaned a road. The campaign is India’s biggest
ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and
schools and colleges students of India participated in this event.
The mission was started as a tree with EACH ONE of the nine
personalities nominated by Narendra Modi to in turn nominate nine
other people and so on. It has been carried forward since then with
famous people from all walks of life joining it.

 Gandhi Ji and his Role in Abhiyan

Gandhi ji played a crucial role in developing cleanliness and
sanitation habits among Indians and wanted to see his country like
any other developed nation. He believed personal hygiene not only
makes an individual’s life better but it also pushes a nation towards
development because every year our country spends a lot of its
budget in tackling various diseases caused by unhealthy habits of
bad sanitation. The money spent on ideas control could very well
be spent on other areas to contribute more towards health and
economy therefore finally contributing towards human capital that
is an asset and not towards tackling a problem that is a liability.
Gandhi Ji was very well aware of our nations financial condition
and therefore put a lot of his attention towards sanitation and
hygiene to counter such diseases. He was also very courageous as
the steps he took at that time were very bold like making shudras
equal in society and any other common man might not have been
able to such courageous things.

In India, as mentioned above a group of people marked as

untouchables were given the task of sanitation, cleaning of toilets
etc. Gandhi ji did not fall into this stereotype and worked towards a
society that was equal in all aspects.Also to give due respect to
untouchables he named them Harijan so as to increase their morale
and lift their spirits. One of the many famous quotes by Gandhi ji
stated that ,”If you become your own scavengers, you will make
your surroundings clean> It takes no less courage to become a
scavenger than to win a Victoria Cross”

He promoted cleanliness sanitation and hygiene in many ways to

create a more developed society which in turn will result in more

wealth and financial freedom. The Swach Bharat Abhiyan has been
categorised into various groups discussed after.

 Swachh Bharat Abhiyan for Urban Areas

The programme includes elimination of open defecation,
conversion of unsanitary toilets to pour flush toilets, eradication of
manual scavenging, municipal solid waste management and
bringing about a behavioural change in people regarding healthy
sanitation practices and is headed by Ministry of Housing and
Urban Affairs.
The mission aims to cover 1.04 crore households, provide 2.5 lakh
community toilets, 2.6 lakh public toilets, and a solid waste
management facility in each town. Under the programme,
community toilets will be built in residential areas where it is
difficult to construct individual household toilets. Public toilets
will also be constructed in designated locations such as tourist
places, markets, bus stations, railway stations, etc. The programme
will be implemented over a five-year period in 4,401 towns.

Rs 62,009 crore is likely to be spent on the programme. Of this, the

Centre will pitch in Rs 14,623 crore. Of the Centre’s share of Rs
14,623 crore, Rs 7,366 crore will be spent on solid waste
management, Rs 4,165 crore on individual household toilets, Rs
1,828 crore on public awareness and Rs 655 crore on community
toilets.

 Main objectives of Urban Swachh Bharat

Abhiyan

SBM-U 2.0 envisions to make all cities ‘Garbage Free’ and ensure
grey and black water management in all cities other than those
covered under AMRUT, make all urban local bodies as ODF+ and
those with a population of less than 1 lakh as ODF++, thereby
achieving the vision of safe sanitation in urban areas. The Mission
will focus on source segregation of solid waste, utilizing the
principles of 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), scientific processing of
all types of municipal solid waste and remediation of legacy
dumpsites for effective solid waste management. The outlay of
SBM-U 2.0 is around ₹1.41 lakh crore for the period 2021-22 to
2025-26.
This will be a continuation of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban),
with the following components for funding and implementation
across all statutory towns, viz.
• Sustainable sanitation (construction of toilets)
• Wastewater treatment, including fecal sludge management in
all ULBs with less than 1 lakh population (this is a new
component added to SBM-U 2.0)
• Solid Waste Management
• Information, Education and Communication, and
• Capacity building.
At the end of the Mission, the following outcomes are expected to
be achieved:
• All statutory towns will become ODF+ certified
• All statutory towns with less than 1 lakh population will
become ODF++ certified ,
• 50% of all statutory towns with less than 1 lakh population
will become Water+ certified

 • All statutory towns will be at least 3-star Garbage Free rated

as per MoHUA’s Star Rating Protocol for Garbage Free cities
• Bio-remediation of all legacy dumpsites.

 Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)

Phase I
The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan has been restructured into the Swachh
Bharat Mission (Gramin). The SBM(G) was launched on 2nd
October 2014 to ensure cleanliness in India and make it Open
Defecation Free (ODF) in Five Years. It seeks to improve the levels
of cleanliness in rural areas through Solid and Liquid Waste
Management activities and making Gram Panchayats Open
Defecation Free (ODF), clean and sanitised.
Incentive as provided under the Mission for the construction of
Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) was available for all Below
Poverty Line (BPL) Households and Above Poverty Line (APL)
households restricted to SCs/STs, small and marginal farmers,
landless labourers with homestead, physically handicapped and
women headed households. The Incentive amount provided under
SBM(G) to Below Poverty Line (BPL) /identified APLs
households was up to Rs.12,000 for construction of one unit of
IHHL and provide for water availability, including for storing for
hand-washing and cleaning of the toilet. Central Share of this
Incentive for IHHLs was Rs.9,000/- (75%) from Swachh Bharat
Mission (Gramin). The State share was Rs.3,000/-(25%). For North
Eastern State, and Special category States, the Central share was
Rs. 10,800/- and the State share Rs.1,200/- (90% : 10%). The
beneficiary was encouraged to additionally contribute in the
construction of his/her IHHL to promote ownership.
Said to be the world’s largest behaviour change programme, it
achieved the seemingly impossible task by generating a people’s
movement at the grassroots. All stakeholders worked together from
2014 to 2019 and in a time bound manner ensured that, as on 2nd

 October 2019 all districts across India, declared themselves as

ODF.
To know the status of ODF villages/districts/states, click here
Phase II
Having achieved the milestone of an ODF India in a time bound
manner in the last five years from 2014 to 2019, the work on
sanitation and the behaviour change campaign has to continue to
sustain the gains made under the programme and also to ensure no
one is left behind and the overall cleanliness
(Sampoorn Swachhata) in villages as well.
In February 2020, the Phase-II of the SBM(G) with a total outlay
of Rs. 1,40,881 crores was approved with a focus on the
sustainability of ODF status and Solid and Liquid Waste
Management (SLWM). SBM(G) Phase-II is planned to be a novel
model of convergence between different verticals of financing
and various schemes of Central and State Governments. The
programme will be implemented in mission mode from 2020-21 to
2024-25.
To read the complete operational guidelines of Phase-II of the
SBM(G)



 Main features of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
The campaign aims at sanitation and at a broader level at
cleanliness and personal hygiene. It aims to develop proper
sanitation and the use of technology for waste management. There
are some important possibilities for hygiene development
discussed below

1) To teach people the importance of cleanliness

2) To provide separate toilets for boys and girls
3) Solid and liquid waste management
4) Develop hygiene habits in people
5) Teach people to consume fresh food clean water and use clean
toilets

 Challenges of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

• To make ODF sustainable, monitoring / spot-checking is

required for at least one year after ODF status is achieved.

• Motivating volunteers to check the condition of sanitation,

and offering them good incentives is necessary.

• For behavioural change of the society, a trained workforce is

needed that can trigger communities. This involves taking the
community through a participatory process of self-analysis
where people are informed about the ill effects of inadequate
sanitation – how it can adversely affect human life if proper
facilities are not used.

• To address the issue of over/under reporting of government

set targets, verification of facts on the ground is extremely
important, said Mr Surendra Singh.

• Another problem is the presence of open ponds (water pools)

in rural and semi-urban areas along road corridors. The ponds
are used by people, livestock for various purposes. The poor
quality of water in the ponds gives rise to diseases.

• The working conditions of sewer workers are dangerous and

hazardous. Every year about 22,000 workers die while
cleaning sewers.

• Governance practices showing good results should be

identified, documented and replicated

• Other usage-related challenges include: tackling cultural and

mind-set issues, providing water in rural areas, addressing the
problem of small and dingy toilets, stigma associated with pit-
emptying, and making-men use toilets.

 Cleanliness Projects
SWB is not the first project to cater to cleanliness , several other
projects have been started simultaneously and one of them is
Nirmal Bharat

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan

A Working Group was constituted by the Planning Commission to

review the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) and suggest
strategies, priorities, and allocation for implementation in the
12th Five Year Plan. According to its recommendations, the
Government of India has designed a paradigm shift in TSC,
which is now called the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) or the
Clean India Campaign. The objective of the NBA is to
achieve sustainable behavior change with the provision of
sanitary facilities in all communities in a phased, saturation
mode with ‘Nirmal Grams’ or clean villages as outcomes. The
new strategy is aimed at transforming rural India into ‘Nirmal
Bharat’ by adopting the community saturation approach. The
provision of incentive for individual household latrine (IHHL)
units has been widened to cover all Above the Poverty Line
(APL) households constituted by Scheduled Castes (SCs)/
Scheduled Tribes (ST), small and marginal farmers, landless
laborers, physically challenged or headed by women along
with all Below the Poverty Line (BPL) households to attain
community outcomes. Financial incentive for the construction
of toilets has been raised for all eligible beneficiaries.

Activities Organised across the Nation

Different parts of the nation have celebrated swath bharat

Abhigyan in different ways and some of them are listed below

1) By conducting various seminars and workshops to promote the

cleanliness programme

2) Making various banners and prophets regarding cleanliness and

hygiene and were displayed in community to educate
people about sanitation

3) Rallies were organised by various school children to spread

awareness regarding healthy habits regarding sanitation to
keep environment clean which in turns make a better
business environment for people to live in and create better
livelihood

4) Nukkal Nataks were organised to spread awareness regarding

sanitation and hygiene

5) Swachh Bharat run was organised at Rashtrapati Bhavan with

1500 runners to promote this campaign

 Project funding for Swachh Bharat Mission -

Gramin

Latest reports by Central government website for allocation of

funds in SBM-G

Other expenses incurred for promotion of swath bharat mission are

Money Spent on mission

Rs 62,009 crore is likely to be spent on the programme. Of this, the

Centre will pitch in Rs 14,623 crore. Of the Centre’s share of Rs
14,623 crore, Rs 7,366 crore will be spent on solid waste
management, Rs 4,165 crore on individual household toilets, Rs
1,828 crore on public awareness and Rs 655 crore on community
toilets.

Overall budget for Swachh Bharat mission Gramin has been

reduced and the year when Central govt alloted the most amount of

 its budget was in the accounting year 2017-2018 as explained in

this photo below

 Advantages of SBM

1. It made the rural people aware of toilets and it also had made
rural people habitual to toilets.

2.Open defecation is reduced by greater extent and rural people

now prefer to use toilet instead of going in public.

3. Now in 2022 waste dumped near streets are almost gone because
of the vehicle facility which collect all the garbage form homes.

4.Streets and public area had became more clean because of public
dustbins but this benefit is not available in all areas.

5. Women had become more comfortable in visiting public places

because of portable toilets facility is also provided but according to
me it is not a success in all places because of dirty and stained
toilets which are so dirty that no one want to go near it.

6. It made the awareness among people the importance to keep

their surrounding clean and use public toilets wherever possible.

7. All the biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable reaches their

different treatment plants instead of getting mix and ending up at a
dump of garbage.

8 Health- Overall health of all the residents citizens visitors in

India has greatly incread and thus the major objective of Swachh
bharat Mission is very close to success

9. Because of all the aforementioned reasons the overall business

environment of India has prospered and due to better interactions

and better image of India in the global market more trade have
been organised with India which incread overall Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) and thus overall impact on GDP has prospered in
India along with better development of human capital and better
livelihood of common people

 Disadvantages of SBM
1) Lack Of Funds- The SBM - U was supposed to cost Rs 6200
Crore which is a huge sum of money and was to be borne by
Central Govt and the rest to be borne by state govt but
because of different reason the state govt and other local
bodies were not able to allocate funds for the same. For
example Government of Delhi was not able to fund for the
mission due to lack of funds

2) Difficulty in reaching out - Due to various reasons like

stereotypes pertaining I the society people have still not
accustomed themselves with the missions. People are still
not able to change their behaviour as more effort has been
put into promoting that at educating so people are facing
challenges to change their behaviour for betterment of
society

3) Lack of Space - urban areas and metro cities have already

very limited space and custruction of toilets is simply not
possible. Urban governments are having a hard time finding
space for constructing toilet and washroom in urban areas to
reduce waste and pollution and to increase sanitation levels

4) Outdated Sevage System - Most urban cities still have

sewage systems which were created decades ago and and
used to carry waste products directly to rivers or oceans
without treating them properly which increases water
pollution by around 70%

5) Publicity over work - more effort has been put into

establishing brand ambassadors and promoting the mission

 but very less effort has been done to educate people

regarding the same

6) Sustainability of the mission - because very less effort has

been made on educating people about the mission the
overall sustaiability of the mission is in question.

 Economic Impact of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

The government's ambitious Swachh Bharat Mission has resulted in annual benefits to the tune of
more than Rs 53,000 (727 US dollars) per household in rural India, including through reduced
diarrhoea incidence and from sanitation access time savings, according to an international study. The
study on Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (Clean India Mission-Rural) also found that financial
returns on household spending over 10 years is 1.7 times the cost while returns to society on total
spending over ten ears is also 4.3 times the cost.

The study, which happens to be the first ever economic analysis of the scheme and has been
published in the latest October 2020 issue of ScienceDirect journal of global information analytics
major Elsevier, further showed that the poorest have got a financial return of 2.6 and a societal return
of 5.7 times the cost.

The survey covered 10,051 rural households from July 20 to August 11, 2017 in 12 states, including
Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Assam, which collectively
contributed 90 per cent of open defecation across the country that year.

"Financial commitments to households averaged USD 257 (nearly Rs 19,000) for investment and
USD 37 (about Rs 2,700) for annual operations and maintenance, while enjoying medical cost
savings of USD 123 per year (about Rs 9,000) for 10 years, averaging an annual USD 60 (over Rs
4,000) financial return," it stated.

It stated that more than two-thirds (69.5 per cent) of households received government subsidy with
an average USD 183 (over Rs 13,000) support, and of these households, 63.8 percent made their
own investment to supplement the government subsidy, which averaged an additional USD 154
(over Rs 11,000).

"Annual benefits of US$ 727 per household are mainly from savings associated with reduced
diarrhea incidence (55 per cent) and from sanitation access time savings (45 per cent)," the study
found.

The study also found that household sanitation has also led to USD 294 (over Rs 21,000) one-off
property value benefit.

"Financial and non-financial commitments to households averaged USD 268 (Rs 19,700) for
investment and USD 131 (Rs 9,600) for annual O&M (operations and maintenance) cost, while
enjoying economic benefits of USD 727 per year for 10 years, averaging an annual USD 599 (about
Rs 44,000) economic return," it stated.

It also found that substantial health benefits were due to the reductions in premature death, valued at
USD 249 (about Rs 18,000) per year per household.

 Conclusion
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was a very big campaign and it would not
have been possible without the active efforts of all the people
participating in it and the efforts made by Government of India and
various State Governments The main objective of the campaign
was to make India free from open defecation and in reality this
agenda was quite a success.
People have also been educated about waste management which
was a huge problem before ad because of this wet wastes and dry

wastes were segregated properly . Also healthy habits were

formulated within one’s family and oneself which means greater
amount of sustainability for the mission.
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan reflected that nothing is impossible if you
have the courage and determination for you dreams
Though many challenges remain, governments seeking to achieve
the sustainable development goal of universal access to safe
sanitation can emulate the success of India's Swachh Bharat
Mission.