KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

ASC CENTER, BANGALURU

PROJECT REPORT ON

DETERMINING AMOUNT OF ACETIC ACID IN VINEGAR

{ ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-23 }

NAME : ARNAV KUMAR THAKUR

ROLL NO : 12126

CLASS : XII

SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY

PROJECT GUIDE: Mrs Sreedevi M V

PGT (Chemistry)
K V ASC CENTRE
BENGALURU
 CERTIFICA
TE

This is to certify that Student ARNAV KUMAR THAKUR , Roll No: 12126 has

successfully completed the project Work entitled DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT OF

ACETIC ACID IN VINEGAR SYSTEM in the subject Chemistry laid down in the

regulations of CBSE for the purpose of Practical Examination in Class XII to be held

in Kendriya Vidyalaya ASC Centre on ___________.

SREEDEVI M V
( PGT CHEMISTRY )

Master IC

EXAMINER :

Name: _______________

Signature:
 :: AIM ::

Measuring the Amount of Acetic Acid

In Vinegar
by Titration with an Indicator solution.

:: OBJECTIVE ::

The goal of this project is to determine the amount of Acetic

Acid in different types of vinegar using titration with a coloured
pH indicator to determine the endpoint.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends largely on the
encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express
my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful
completion
of this project.

I express deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength for the
successful completion of the project.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant encouragement
while carrying out this project.
I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals who contributed in
bringing this project up to this level, who continues to look after me despite my
flaws,

I express my deep sense of gratitude to the The Principal Sourav Jaitley, Kendriya
Vidyalaya ASC Centre, who has been continuously motivating and extending
their helping hand to us.

I am overwhelmed to express my thanks to The Administrative Officer for

providing me an infrastructure and moral support while carrying out this project
in the school.

My sincere thanks to Mrs.Sreedevi M V, Master In-charge, a guide, mentor all

the above a friend, who critically reviewed my project and helped in solving each
and every problem, occurred during implementation of the project

The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed and
who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am
grateful for their constant support and help.
 :: Index ::

1. Certificate

2. Aim

3. Acknowledgement

4. Objective

5. Introduction

6. Apparatus

7. Theory

8. Experimental Procedure

9. Experiment 1

10. Experiment 2

11. Experiment 3

12. Result

13. Precautions

14. Bibliography
 :: INTRODUCTION ::
 About Vinegar:
Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol (CH3CH2O H) , which in
turn was previously fermented from sugar. The fermentation of ethanol results in the
production of acetic acid (CH3COOH). There are many different types of vinegar, each
starting from a different original sugar source (e.g., rice, wine, malt, etc.) The amount
of acetic acid in vinegar can vary, typically between 4 to 6% for table vinegar, but up to
three times higher (18%) for pickling vinegar.

 Titration introduction:
In this project, I have determined the amount of acid in different vinegars using
titration, a common technique in chemistry. Titration is a way to measure the unknown
amount of a chemical in a solution (the titrant) by adding a measured amount of a
chemical with a known concentration (the titrating solution). The titrating solution reacts
with the titrant, and the endpoint of the reaction is monitored in some way. The
concentration of the titrant can now be calculated from the amount of titrating solution
added, and the ratio of the two chemicals in the chemical equation for the reaction .

 Titration theory:
To measure the acidity of a vinegar solution, we can add enough hydroxyl ions to
balance out the added hydrogen ions from the acid. The hydroxyl ions will react with
the hydrogen ions to produce water. In order for a titration to work, we need three
things:

1. A titration solution (contains hydroxyl ions with a precisely known concentration),

2. A method for delivering a precisely measured volume of the titrating solution, and

3. A means of indicating when the endpoint has been reached. For the titrating
solution, we'll use a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium hydroxide is a
strong base, which means that it dissociates almost completely in water . So for every
NaOH molecule that we add to the solution,we can expect to produce a hydroxyl ion.

 Performing titration:
To dispense an accurately measured volume of the titrating solution, we will use a
burette. A burette is a long tube with a valve at the bottom and graduated markings on
the outside to measure the volume contained in the burette. The burette is mounted on
a ring stand, directly above the titrant solution.Solutions in the burette tend to creep up
the sides of the glass at the surface of the liquid. This is due to the surface tension of
water. The surface of the liquid thus forms a curve, called a meniscus. To measure the
volume of the liquid in the burette, always read from the bottom of the meniscus.

 Indicators:
In this experiment, we will use an indicator solution called phenolphthalein.
Phenolphthalein is colourless when the solution is acidic or neutral. When the solution
becomes slightly basic, phenolphthalein turns pinkish, and then light purple as the
solution becomes more basic. So when the vinegar solution starts to turn pink, we
know that the titration is complete.
 :: APPARATUS ::

To do this experiment we will need the following materials and equipment

➔Vinegar, three different types.

➔Distilled water

➔Small funnel

➔0.5% Phenolphthalein solution in alcohol (pH indicator solution)

➔0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution

➔125 mL Conical flask

➔25 or 50 mL burette

➔10 mL graduated cylinder

➔Ring stand

➔Burette clamp
 :: THEORY ::
Required amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be calculated using the following
formula:

The acetic acid content of a vinegar may be determined by titrating a vinegar sample
with a solution of sodium hydroxide of known molar concentration (molarity).

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

(acid) + (base)  (salt) + (water)

At the end point in the titration stoichiometry between the both solution lies
in a 1:1 ratio.

MCH COOH X VCH COOH=M NaOH X VNaOH

3 3

Strength of acid in vinegar can be determined by the following formula :-

Strength of acetic acid = MCH3COOH X 60

Indicator : - Phenolphthalein

End Point : - Colourless to pink

 :: EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE ::
1. Pour 1.5 ml of vinegar in an Conical flask.

2. Add distilled water to dissolve the vinegar so that the volume of the solution
becomes 20 mL.

3. Add 3 drops of 0.5% phenolphthalein solution.

4. Use the burette clamp to attach the burette to the ring stand. The opening at the
bottom of the burette should be just above the height of the Conical flask we
use for the vinegar and phenolphthalein solution.

5. Use a funnel to fill the burette with a 0.1 M solution of sodium hydroxide.

6. Note the starting level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the burette. Put the
vinegar solution to be titrated under the burette.

7. Slowly drip the solution of sodium hydroxide into the vinegar solution. Swirl the
flask gently to mix the solution, while keeping the opening underneath the
burette.

8. At some point we will see a pink colour in the vinegar solution when the sodium
hydroxide is added, but the colour will quickly disappear as the solution is
mixed. When this happens, slow the burette to drop-by-drop addition.

9. When the vinegar solution turns pink and remains that colour even with mixing,
the titration is complete. Close the tap (or pinch valve) of the burette.

10. Note the remaining level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the burette.
Remember to read from the bottom of the meniscus.
11.Subtract the initial level from the remaining level to figure out how much titrating
solution we have used.

12. For each vinegar that we test, repeat the titration at least three times.

:: EXPERIMENT – 1 ::

:: EXPERIMENT – 2 ::
 :: EXPERIMENT – 3 :: jh

Take the household apple cider vinegar in the conical flask and do the
titration with NaOH as mentioned.
 :: PRECAUTIONS ::
 Transferring of measured vinegar into a measuring flask should be done
very carefully .

 Measuring must be performed carefully

 Look at the meniscus of solution at eye level to avoid parallax.

 Look at the lower meniscus in the light coloured solution and upper
meniscus in the dark coloured solution because of visibility.

 Do not forget to add distilled water to the vinegar

 :: BIBLIOGRAPHY ::
 Comprehensive Lab Mannual For Class XII By Oswal
 www.ncert.nic.in
 www.scribd.in