CIRCLE

SUBMITTED BY:

Gaelic Gracette Tibubos SUBMITTED TO:

Mark Joseph Cano

Nel Dean Cedrick Jorda Ms. Teresa G . Geroy

Arman Solinap
 What is a Circle?

A circle is a closed A Circle have 4

curve formed by a set of parts:
points on a plane that -Radius -Chord
are equidistant from a
fixed point called -Diameter -Arc
center.

RADIUS

It is a line segment DIAMETER

whose endpoints are
the center of the It is a line segment
circle and any point that passes through the
on the circle. All center of the circle and
has its endpoints on the
Radius of the same
circle. The length of
circle are congruent. the diameter of a circle
is twice the length of
its radius. Hence, all
diameters of the same
CHORD circle are congruent.

It is a line segment
with both endpoints
ARC
on the circle. It may
or may not pass It is a part or a portion of
through the center of a circle. It can classified
the circle. The into three types; semicircle,
diameter of a circle a major arc, and a minor arc.
is considered to be
the longest chord of
the circle.

SEMI CIRCLE MAJOR ARC MINOR ARC

Is a half of a It is greater It is less that

circle and than a semicircle a semicircle.
whose endpoints
are the
endpoints of a
diameter and it
measures
exactly 180
degree.
 EXAMPLE

1. A RADIUS.
¿, OQ , OP
2. A DIAMETER

QR
3. A CHORD
QS
4. A SEMICIRCLE
QPR , QSR
5. A MINOR ARC
PR , QP , QS , RS
6. A MAJOR ARC
QRS , RQP
 CENTRAL ANGLE

IT IS AN ANGLE FORMED BY TWO RADIUS OF THE CIRCLE

AND WHOSE VERTEX IS THE CENTER OF THE CIRCLE.

INSCRIBED ANGLE

IS AN ANGLE FORMED BY TWO CHORD OF THE CIRCLE

AND WHOSE VERTEX IS ANY POINT ON A CIRCLE.

INTERCEPT ARC

AN ANGLE IS AN ARC THAT LIES IN THE INTERIOR

OF A CENTRAL ANGLE OR AN INSCRIBED ANGLE AND HAS ENDPOINT
ON THE ANGLE
The Following are Example:

Central Angle Intercept Arc

∠ LAN ^
ln
∠ NAG ^
NG
∠ DAG ^
DG
∠ LAG ^
LNG
∠ NAD ^
NGD
Inscribed Angle Intercepted Arc

∠ ELD ^
ED
∠ SDL ^
IS
 THEOREM ON SIGN CHORDS OF A CIRCLE

1) In a circle , a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoint if
and only if it is perpendicular to the chord.
2) In a circle, if a radius is perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the chord
and its arc.
3) In two congruent circle, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding chords are congruent.

EXAMPLE 1

(m𝐴𝐸̅̅̅)² = (m𝐺𝐸̅̅̅)² + (M𝐴𝐺̅̅̅)²

(10) ²= (m𝐺𝐸̅̅)²+(8)²
̅

(m𝐺𝐸̅̅̅)² = 100-64
(m𝐺𝐸̅̅)²
̅ = 36
 A.

m𝐶𝐴̅̅=m𝐶𝐺̅̅ + m𝐺𝐴̅̅
10 = 𝑚𝐶𝐺̅̅ + 8
m𝐶𝐺̅̅̅ = 10-8 B.
Therefore, m𝑪𝑮̅̅=
̅ 2.

m̅𝐷𝐸̅̅=m̅𝐷𝐺̅̅
C. +m𝐺𝐸̅̅̅, since
̅𝐷𝐺̅̅ ≅ 𝐺𝐸̅̅
m̅𝐷𝐸̅̅= 6+6
Therefore,
m𝑫𝑬̅̅̅ = 12

Theorems on Central Angles and

Inscribed Angles.
1. The Degree measure of a minor
arc is equal to the measure of
the central.
2. The Degree measure of a major EXAMPLE:
arc is equal to 360 minus the
measure of the angle which
intercepts the arc. Minor Arc Directions: In ⊙ A below, ∠CAB is a central angle.
with the same endpoints. If m ∠CAB = 50°, find m𝐶𝐵̂ and m𝐶𝐷.
3. If an angle is inscribed in a
circle, then the measure of the
angle equals one-half the
measure of its intercepted arc.
(or the measure of the
intercepted arc is twice the
inscribed angle).
4. If two inscribed angles of a
circle ( or congruent circles)
intercept congruent arcs or the
same arc, then the angles are
congruent.
5. If an inscribed angle of a
circle intercepts a semicircle,
then the angle is a right
angle.
 S O LU T I O N

If mCAB
= 50° then mCB A.
= 50°

B. If m∠CAB = 50° then m𝐶𝐷𝐵 ̂

= 360°-𝑚𝐶𝐵 ̂.

m𝐶𝐷𝐵 ̂ = 360°-50°

m𝐶𝐷𝐵 ̂= 310

Directions: In figure below, quadrilateral MINE is inscribed in ⊙O,

if m∠MIN = 121°

and m∠INE = 84°, find a) m∠MEN, b) m∠IME, and c) m𝑀𝐼𝑁 .̂

A. Since ∠MEN and ∠MIN are opposite angles and opposite angles of
inscribed
quadrilateral are supplementary then,
m∠MEN+m∠MIN = 180°
m∠MEN+121° = 180°
m∠MEN = 59°
 B. Since ∠IME and ∠INE are opposite angles
and opposite angles of inscribed
quadrilateral are supplementary then,
m∠IME+∠INE = 180°
m∠IME+84° = 180
m∠IME = 96°

GENERALIZATION

SECANT
It is a line that intersects a circle
at exactly two points. A secant
contains a chord of a circle.

TANGENT
It is a line that intersects a circle at
exactly one point. The point of intersection
of the tangent line and the circle point of
tangency.
 SECTOR
It is the region bounded by an arc of the
circle and the two radius to the endpoints of
the arc. The area A of a sector can be
n
determined using the formula A= л r ,where n
2
360
is the degree measure of the central angle of a
sector.

SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
It is the region bounded by an arc and the
segment joining its endpoints. The are A of
a segment of a circle equal to the
difference between the area of a sector and
the area of a triangle.

Asegment=Asector- Atriangle

EXAMPLE

Given circle N below, observe how secants and tangent

are being illustrated and named.

Secants:
´ , RT
KR ´ , KS
´ , KT
´

Tangent:
TS with T as the point of
tangency.
 Using the figure below, find the area of the shaded region
if m∠𝐻𝑂𝑁 60° and the radius of ⊙O is 10 cm

SOLUTION

Sincer 10cm and n = 60°, then the area A of

the sector (shaded region) is
n
A= πr 2
360°
60° 2
A= π (10 cm)
360°
1 2
A= π (100)cm
6

The Intersecting Segment of Chords Power Theorem

If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the

measures of the segments of one chord is equal to the product of
the measures of the segments of the other chord.

CR intersects EA

CO • RO= EO • AO
 The Segments of Secants Power Theorem

If two secants Intersect in the exterior point of the circle, the

product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external
secant segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other
secant segment and its external secant segment.

FI and HI are secant segments

intersecting at the exterior point L
IF • IA = IH • IT

The Tangent-Secant Segments Power Theorem

If a tangent and a secant intersect in the exterior point of the

circle, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its
external part.

VE is a tangent segment and overline LV is a secant segment

intersecting at exterior point V.

(VE)2 = LV • OV
 Two chords 𝐽𝑀 and 𝐾𝐶 intersect at A. If the segments of KC have
lengths 6 cm and 8 cm, find the length of the other segment of the
chord if the length of one of the segments is 3 cm.

We use the relation, KA • AC = JA • AM

Let KA = 6 and AC = 8
If AM 3, then JA =
Substituting the given values in the relation,
we have
6 (8) 3 (JA) 48 = 3(3A)

1 1
(48) = (3) (JA)
3 3
16 = JA
Thus, the length of the other segment JA is 16
cm.