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18ee742 Qpaper Solution

18ee742 vtu question paper

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18ee742 Qpaper Solution

18ee742 vtu question paper

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ANMOL ANAND
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GCS Sarai ] 18EE742 USN U] Seventh Semester B.E, Degree Examination, Feb./Mar. 2022 Utilization of Electrical Power Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100 Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module. Modute-1 1a. Explain the principle of dielectric heating and the factors on which dielectric loss in a dielectric material depends. (08 Marks) b. Discuss the principle of arc welding and the difference between carbon and metallic arc welding, S (08 Marks) c. A three phase, 415°V, 45 kW resistance oven employs nickel-chrome wire for its heating elements. If the wire temperature is not to exceed 1200°C and the temperature of the charge is to be limited to-800°C, calculate the diameter and length of the wire. Assume radiating efficiency as 0.57 and resistivity of nichrome as 1.016«10° © and emissivity as 0.9. ss (04 Marks) sy wo OR 2 a. Explain the principle of high frequency induction heating What factors control the depth of penetration of heat? 2 (08 Marks) b. State Faraday’s laws of eléctrolysis and explain any two applications of electrolysis Fay, 5 (08 Marks) ¢. An insulating material 3 cm thick and 400 cm? in area is to be heated by dielectric heating, The material has a relative permittivity of 6 and a power factor of 0.05. Power required is, 600 W at a frequency of 30 MHz. Determine the necessary voltage and the current required. If the voltage were to be limited to 800 V, what willbe the frequency of the supply appeal to evaluator and /or equations written eg, 42+8 = 50, willbe treated as malpractice. wers, compulsorily draw diagonal etoss lines on the remaining blank pages. required? os (04 Marks) Py <4 Module-2 3 a. State the laws of illumination and explain the term : (i) Plain angle (ii) Solid angle and establish the relationship between them. (08 Marks) Eo Eee i 45 Phsolute Yvelotive Permittiviky of ar § atinaterias * Dielectric loss is ov v2f. Ab) Discuss the principle Of are welding ond the AiPference letuseen cavben and metalBic ome welsting. (x a4) Ansi- % Eleckvic omc welding is zhe Sy steer which Lhe metoad is melted by the heat of an electric anc. ae 15 Mamincus electrical obtscharge between » Electsic ‘ Rheough jonired gos: dweo electrodes Meteailic ane wedding % The ave establish between work & Ave Filey smekot eleckyode. % Pre creales the molkts metab pos] to weld the posticles. * AceorDe supply used to crete the anc © Getetov is essentiad to Struck tne anc & it bw 2aSV frequired be enaintain Sheik anc: Corenk atquirtmut vooits Bons (0 te SooAmps: % Pee blovs jntroducedl hen Dc supply employed. rich May wedce the ficiency of welding: % Consumnpable Llunt conked eleckrde usedin this welding. Canon are welding TL aiPPers from common shit mela anc welding in Bhak bon graphite electrodes instead of je uses 08 consucral\e cax consumable flux coakesk electrodes: X Posikive +esminad connected’ -bo Supply , here negative — connected to makerial te be weldrot. % Tis used for filling blow beles inthe castings cohich anc nok subjected to any of Lhe stresses - * Tempesat wor contere\ 5 easy wy Voring Ache anc length: % Used to weld high aickel alloy , godvoniseh sheets - LO A 3D, ASV, ESKW wesistance even emplayes nickel chrome corte fox jks heating elements, TP Lhe ustre Lemprreckucr® i ok eaceeds \Q00°C. & the tempesoture of the cherge 15 te be \mrited te Beo'c calculate the atiametta® length of the cist Assume ~sadiating efFicienty a6 054 R wesiskivity of nichwome aS Vale x16o oq & emissiwity as O-F Ros C4m Power per phase “Pn = a2 \SKW Vol + ‘age per phase Vez 415 = 239.6 NB Tie I200+ 243 = 1443 | Tas Boot 243 = 1943k Tadiaking ePReitncy ead = O-St wesistivity of aictyreme WITS $= 1016x158 dey emvasivity e>oq 4 He 529 7 [C) tas) Ce en 2 SCF KOSFKO'F Fass 443 \*_ (2983 dee AS d44: 3— Wie woe Know thet bc KRV% ae 4gP oe ne @3qee) de An O16 X15 15 k ai = 1945 226 — Total heat dissipated/sec = Electvical power inpud. Kal H =P Raxdtx 98344:38 2 S000 n as ©: ©4853 A2L% = ©: 000 355 ee Malt elying Cid RGD we have 2a) Explain high tre principle of high Frequency induction heoting» What factors control the depth of penetration of heat: (am) | Aas: % High Frequency induction heating {s also called as coveles LYPE induction heating « | * Ta this type of heating heavy ivon cove 's nok enployedh chert is ca wrkinuous path Be magnebre Fk ¥ Primacy winding Sets up eddy Curren in the charge which end t9 flow concentticably aith these to the inductor - These edlely corres heat up the change to its melting PrInk Fabso sek up elects ~magnetic Reces producing Skirting getion which is eosectio’ fos obtaining wniforay quavity of metal. Flux density is low, + Inewense eddly cussert loos Frequeny 1S meveasch » CP of gp Factors offecking on depth of Penetration of heat. Resistivity of the molten metaL CRY, Frequency CF), swelative Permealein ty cecides the depth of penetration Cd) dc atc J Smet 2nR ne cry Ie Ao “Tp * TFadicious selection af Fequacy neste cecides the depth of pretration Cd). * Nor en joy ally \OkHz +2 45 kHo Frequenty employe . ii a Pee (Db) Stake Fassactay’s laws of electrolysis % ony tvs apphicedion of cleckrolysis (em) Ans:- Fowadey’s 14 law of Cleclwlysis Stokemet - "The mass’ of @ substance likescted free an Clectwlyte \n a gnen time is proportional to the qe — ausatity of clectwatty passing’ through Ane cleckelyte” oe Qe Tt re eee Zi = A constant called clectre chem! cal, equivalent. Be a steady corre ia amps A= Time fey which curt (2) Flows through the Cleckwolyte in Seconds. Ble a oa ee esl sece rainy Foraday's 2" lau of cleckwolysis Statement i "When the same quantity of electricity is a Passeh Lhrough Several electrolytes, the masses of the 1 sutostance depos ted one proportionaR to their vespetive chemicoh cautvadents » x Eleckrolysis use 40 seperate the mcta® rom "ts ove. %* Elecholysis used bo Lapos't metals, electro plocbray . pp tte es wt dee 4 20) An insulating material Ben thick} 400 con® in Onea is to be headkect by Meleckwe heaking: The matesiok has relative Permeability of GC % powey Packes of os. P ere epee uittd is GooW, § Frequency of SoMHz + Determine the necessaty Nelkege & corres requis. IP the do Voltage is to be Marotainel GooV, Whak with be the Frequency of the supply Roch Ansi- A= 4500 emt + 4.02 K10F &e- G 4 = Bem = 3x62 Eo= 8854x187 Fy, cos Pt 0105" f= 30MHz Paz Coow Pe anfev™ at2., a4 Ct SoG k.. Saori ae * Sxre? Cc 408-32 n5°F oe Np ce KPC Ve Goo 2 RFBont08 x F0R32 xis'2 NE 64.03 Volks Xez ! = Fa kg 2KFC - = NY £493 = ggg Amps a a i - Xe 484 " a f= Some. Vaz Soov Fac Qivi Ni 2 64 03v Nee ft Vo fy £ 64-03 = 80m, Boo Po fo 5 358 Mie Module 2 anck explain the and establish SAD Stote the laws of iMuminection Been Gi) Plas angle if) solid angle the welabinship between hess Assi- Laws of jMWuminakion % Tiumiacckion is civeckly preportional tho the luminous Vnrkensity of the Sousce Ext ® Woverse square lao : KANE strona d The ‘llurination of a surface is invessdy Pro? Ao the squane of the distance of che surface from the Source" i oe TH Aistante between suvfate te Susle- ‘ — *® hambests Gsine Naw Ttlumination is diveetly proportional ts the casine ofthe angle made by “the nosnak to the iblumninacteck Surface eorvth the divection of incident Plan: E= caso. A TW Plane angl @ X This subtended at a point & is encloset by two Stesaight Vines | ja the Same plane Rodius-9 2 PAL “wadiens Te) Radius y lasgest angle sult dh at a point 1S 9-K vadians- i] Solid angle & Tk is the angle guested by the surface passing though the pont in space & the pesiphesy of the anea - wos _Prtea = A Steradins, Qo divset CRedhius) wt % Relationship between vo Y © Considers a cut sureface of a “ n eee segnext ABC of wy height fh Ravadtius “oy , ° S ° Suvface omen of segment ABCZ 2 Ath < _ 2. a totes + «GQ cos 2 h Cap) = OB -AD = S ofa AP ceynest POC= 2K Ci-cos.¥-) Suc @ anea = Surface ance - ani G - cos. 9.) Soltd angle wot e > c Radius = on Ci- cos ) ah rs ing ORQ Bb) Explain with neat Aiagsore , principle of epesotion Sodium ~opous lamp + Mention its use. (em) i due Fillet un ese een Double radtesd High leakag ¢ enclosuse Wackance sbrens Rumney * Sediston Vapour hemp is of low luminosity, so the leyth oF Ame lamp is loge: To get the lngth U-tuve ig usd. *% Tewoo onide ~coated electoedtes one seales wath the ends, “Tutee conkes tube i's encloseR keenperocture, n Vktle sodium & neon gas: the U- in double uvalled vaccume Plask te keep the wotthin working wonge . i K Capacitey improve the pourvdactey, hich is reduced From \eokage reactance Acsanssfornes * ¥ Tnikiatly sodium is jagolid powder form, through Aecanshoser BEN applied which heads the Slaments- % Neon gas discharge Intially , rt vices cee ckeenperat ust.’ — hence sedlium Powder get Napousised » Te ennit 109) light sheoidh take 10 tolSmin: % EfRciecy of Seclium lamp io abouk “0-Go lumes/watt Nreorking hour is about Seco: Tk mainly used for highway & gereak oukdoor Wanting hese colour Kiserinination is nek wequistd. 30) Two lamp pats ane 20m apart §& one Atte? ust lamps of dnrkeneity 209 CP each, at aheight of En abovethe geound + Caleulecke “Bre iNheminackiv a O9 the ground (J Undes each lamp iJ Midway between the lamps. Gam - Ans i- ‘J Ttuminaction ureter each lap Tidlumination under either of the lamps, Say under lamp Cha) Eg Tiunination ducts lamp Lif Tiumination ducts lamp bo CP. oso +_cP > he 2 22, (& yy 200, 200 20-88 ee = 5:68 lun \ W] Taduminakin eniduay ebweer che lamps Les TBuninakion due to br + Tttuminedeion das tba eee ces a cas*Q — 3 pee eee 7 =o (te ) 2 ce 66 ot {6 S 1, 53 lune Aa) Whak ane the syirennts of a good lighting} Gu) Ansi- * Gooct Ughting is one ahich poovides visuet comfort Nisuok comfort echance the efficiency of the workman: Gooak lighting shoukd offer mminienum gave & bagirtness ~ Contrast + A Light sousies basheuld be pwperly shielded by lamincoures anc mount alsove the normal Vine of sight’ x ReFlecteh glass is A= be avoid s by enounking Veni nonies LOEW respect to equipments So thet the wef lected glartis Aivected away from the cbsesven. 4b) Wierike shovt notes on | Ci) Flood lighting (ii) shreek lighting Aos:- Ci) Flood lighting * The Flooding of lage suefaces orth \ projecters 15 called " Blood Lighting " employed for che Glleving purpose: ight From pouch x Flood Nghting (To enhance tthe leaky oP ancixt meniments by aight: GI To Mumnake advestistentrt beards & show cass Gi) Te i Muminedke railway Yards, sposts Stadiums, Cav pashs, constouction sikts quarnes ete. * Fos Smett ou teling uniforms flood Vightlag is used. % Fox lesge on HAR oui dding-s one ‘WUminctkeo® non — unifo Sohy %* Narrow beam, Meel itn angle % wide angle pagjectors Core employ ext in Flooch Iighting . |G) Street Lighting The Steet Ugh entails the following rnain objectives. Q) TH make the troffie & obstwuckions onthe -soad cleandy Nisible in oveley to provide Seely % convenien le Gd 7B enhance cthe Community value of the street Gi) Te make the Streek mort attaactive * Diffusion B specatay refleckion psinciple is used « * Ty diffusion Principle te avid glass the electors ae nade to have cat off between goto 45°, Mlamet oot visible to iden % Th speculer ve Heck Principle _ che veflectoss one curved Upwards, sothet the light is thren on the road at a very large angle of incidence. F ThYS method is mer economicad, in Comparison to AfPusibn ok i¢hting, : onethect of Vighting, Buk i produces -the slant: | & Spacing between the tur lamps anc nesmnally Som - ¥ Godiuen vepour, Mertusy Vapour , LED lamps ancuseck fo WWhuminedt the Street » AC) A lamp having a voifrsm CP ef goo in of) Aiaeckions is prvidet with a sflectos cohich disecks 60 1/ of Lhe totod, Vight unifrendty on te a cieculay anea of 12m Rometen he lampis Sw above the anco. Caleutate face voith Gd The Muasinakion at the certare & edge of the axe Yoithout sePlectoy WW) The averoge VWhaminatien Over ommea uh aeFleckor Yhoutc. the Ans i- Cond\e Power of the lamp, CP= 300 Height of the lamp, bh = Sm Diameey of the citadar anta st IQm EfRcienwy of he woePleckoy = 60-J. QD the jMuminakion at the centre Yy edge of the surface eoith Yeoithout veflecter The jMluminakion at the edge of the sucefete catthout weflect = CP ose = ay 3S bun WH orePleckoy % With oreflectoy the iumination at the edge & ot -the certre WILE the Same since the Pereflectey drrects the light Uniborendy on the Surface, | Total lumens givn out Fe 40 CP = AN 200 = 120% Seat lumens reaching the surface cO6xF s F208 Tdtoh SunPace onen = R¥* 5 = BER oh Average \MlUmninction worth ceflectoy = 420% 36K = 20 lum Th how the i‘) € cxwrage WWuminntion over he one ussthow wePlectos \ Salih angle sulkerdeh toy the WER oct the lamp wort An Ce Cos ) 2 ak Ci- SO) = on Ci- sex) 4-02) ee \ Toted Plun reaching tne surface = Duos Box 4-02} = \20+ 634 lumens 2, Anesoge sVumirakien = 120: 63+ 2 KY < 06 lux Module 3 Sia) Assuming quadailectrot speek time Suave Pesve Cquatiy \) Tota Astarte Gravellect between tus steps uy Nelocity at the time of lovakcing Speed? Aas — Snlenph ° 5 7 aoe eS ——— & — > Ol = acceleration dering steerting period in Pert Retardabion dueving coasting POveR Bo Reteydation ducting braking Povod NU Marimun Spec& at the end of acceleration Mie Speed at the end of Coasting Period 4© Total time of tus Time of accelewation bye Ye Time of consbing doe SiN < Time of braking Ae = ¥ De Distance betwen two stein Totoh distance travellest D> Area of OABC D= Aro of comp y Peal A BED + Area of BEC PM + Gann yp Vat = EM Cert) + tsa Chats) = EM Ct-te) + be Ce -4,) e bt Cita) “AN (+ 3) De + EW) - MiNak » where Ke +(%+'p) iJ Vedocity at the time of braking Ca) Nat Vie Rte = M- Be G-ti-ts) = N\i- Re G- yo Ae) ny Vie be Ce- Ms) +t Pe % Nez NeoBe (eth) : = BLY Deking Specific Energy Consumption ¥ Aiscuss the Facts or Fecking ik Gu Prsi- Specbee ceeegy Consumption iS hefineal as the cnergy “ consumed CW) Pen tonne mass of the train Pen ken Vength of the gun. ! : ware Lt Espe = — lon Se Me + iS Fou leveQ tracy % The Following Factors influence on Espe > Acceleration Col) ? Rekasdation CP, Be) > Manioum speek (Ven) “P Track conbiguration Co) PF Distance betwen staps 7? Type of train & equipment Espe EspD, Aecelerakis? Distana af van ‘ of skep SO A schedules speed of ASkmph Is reaived between trios Stops |Skmy apart. Finck Lhe marimum speed oves the-sun is of 20 Seconds duvation: The vaducs of accelesatin anck wetartakions one 2: 4hmphps % 9.2 kmphps -respechiveay Assume simplified tvapezeidal speed time Curve. Ros. - D= VSkm = 1Soom X= 24 kephps & EDA K100D 2 0: 66F Mgt 3co0e0 B= 3-2 knphps cs S2KO89 ~ 9 BBB mlst Sees Nes 4S ken Neg eels = 12:S5el5 36e9 ts = 20 sec Schedule time of sun Cbd D> = _lseo. oe ee oe <= 129 sec Rekuad tiene of wun CED Roe keg es eae = loosec teat yoy \ So Ks + te) + + (oes San) 1313 Manicoum Speed Ne oe” Jee.7 3 fee sere aso) = 29°54 m/5 2x 1313 = FA kph @m) rT efor ; CA) Define Teactive, deduce. oxpression feos betel to ctive effort for propulsion of a train Pas.- “The -krctive fest is definck as the effeckive force cecessany te papel the train at the eohecle of \ecomotine a Trackive effort amquind for tinin propulsion is given by Fut Fat Fg t Fy in " Fos Force wquiscet for giving Hntan acceleration bo the bya Fg cf to ove uwome the gravitational effect Ge ss “ " " wesistante te the motion of derain J Nodue of Fa Fas M of M = Deost mass of tyaig Mes Fas Med Effective mass of train Bonn Meta kg o Xin mls Fas Meg * When Mein tore, in Hmphps Fas 1o3coMe x %xL902. < DAA Med newton 360d ti) Value of Fy Fg = Wsino = Mg sn gradiet © Sint Elevating CB ds) Distance Bony track, CAC) TF grodiet G2 loesine ig M4 loo awh Misinkg Fy = O0aRMG m WHY Mis in tonne Fp z 01098 Clooom) @ = 98 MY nob, ni} NoSue of Fy Whe Min kg ) Erein -rsistante of in necstes /tenne Bc Mow When Min tenn, ein n/t Fa c Mo nteten Fae Fas Fy tFy 2 QatBMed + 48M + M14) aesten Min konre sein metres [109% of track Vtigth Kin Kephps oe is in newton | donne + Sign Fox up apiodient = Sign for down geadint 6 b) Emplain why a senics moter is poof ere Por tine electric tracks, (4m) Ans:- De moter is widely usedin deection work dur to Fllowing LOO * Tt has high starting torque & capability fos high tesgue. Oven loads: * With an increase in torque, the Flum also increases . Sethat Same increases 19 EFAUC, E58 increase in Notey cuvrert. * The speeck— bewque charaéheriskic is alse Swtable fox bekter sheeting of loads betwen the motors. The mnotey commutation JS sakisfactosy » 6c) Explain osith-the help of suibable civewit egsams "J Shunt Avensistion i] Bridge, transition LT tof Serves position 5 to F Shunt trasition ram | a Fivst pevodted ® Step te 4 cuplicates the Sorases position, Th the 45+ step resistance during the sterkiny |S meres Hn the bees Inpwt fs pple to the ono ter , qraduasly hey aliveboys emf &prduce apn: # Th step 2h3. mesiskance nducst, more inpuk applica & metos's FAL AeveMopes emove, ew que + * Mo step + starting vesivtente aeducecl bo zene, tus motors achiees ene speed, Th's called FM senies position. % To acheve high Speed two motors connected in Pemated, Za step 5 starking resistence is aeeinseeR = Lode oo Ril of one moter is Aisconnected, se arduces the +o+que production, So it causes Jerking CF Reck & crrenke Incowineance to Passanger. Iho * ch spep 8 tee enoters connected SSMIUR og ae S (aot ewoctorm 2 die disper ed WJ} Bridge Eransition methook a 8} Transition Shey WJ Series position WAS Fitek pemsr position * Ta the a Stuccking position he moters ane in series & the theestats | SAC completely jn civeulk as indicadecl by the vheestaks aun P at An’. AKA’ ane meveh In Lhe diveckion of Lhe ornow heads & in position BB! hE motors ae in ull senies x To the transition step, the sheestats ave veinserted toy coonectiag ke pasitive Bnegative of the supply shewn in Ay Ci): * Ha the a ponailel step, the link P is-rtmoved B tre moters one ceonected in pawalle) coith the stacking wesistente in they coreuit Rg Gil) F The manits of Khis method iS -bhak duration, the meters one adways connected to the supply § as the wesictantes ane se adjusted hat the value of currant wtenains samt, the toque does net change Yrence uniform acceleration is obtain unitheut caLSing incomventence, Fo the passengers: Modale 4 4a) Deseribe how Plugging, ctheastatic braking 8 -eegenesat: ive braking OE employed Loth DC motors ROS. = Plugging Breaking encthock * This method of rakiog involveck weconnection of note te supply in such a way thek moter nous develops torque in oppasitt ivection ko the movernest of the rotor Syskto speed veil] olecwease, tid zene Speect is weacheol Y then ik coill accelerate ia oppesite direction. Thest fore it becomes necessary te cisconnect ‘the supply as ssen as Sustey comes cto west: * This method is most InefAicint method because KE aot Utilized. Rheostakic Braking methed 4% Tn tnaction awork Cohen Ewe oy three senies motors one used: These motors ane connectech in pomalle| cress a wesisbancd »p ThE kK-E of the Nechicle js used io driving LHL motters one genevaters which di seipote this energy inthe foson of heat in vheostats te which they one Connected: *# Two cnachines anc in pamallel ,amount te tue Senies grneratey in Paraliel Bin orders Ehed they may self excited an eq wilisey connection: TR this connection cee act used »the machine thet ceed bul fast Veald stad a curmmt thrush the other fa the oppesite adivection esith the wsult that the second machine, ed cacike coith weversel voltage: The tue machines wooutsl be snort - Civeutted on themselves Bomight even biant out on secount, ef lange curerks: The equ) FES] PreVRtS SAr @ condibiy & Caress - conneckion ¢- Arsthey method of mention sthusticn cwsicling the above — Is cores ~ Conmecking Fels ofcthe buon Foashiaes, i Bgune. Suppose tne welkege of mmachine-1 is geater than hot of mocking 2. TE wii] send a gveakey Correyt vemush | Held ebay. HE be excise tea higher veltege Riks ousy Mctekion vill loe kept door because OP-the lesser induced emf OF ereachine - 2! mreching 2 causing Regenewokive Braking methedk + French Method Ant Ll Tolle Far thece Fretd Winding . * Daring -wegermanctive baking the aursiliary Feld esindigs comm placed io Series with each othey & switched ovenin pacalle| adres the ommeckuse & tne main series Reld The machine acts as a compound Stnertoy oofth slight atid fernbiok compounding: When there ss change in Ehe line volege , the shunt oncitatin being sens} tive te such changes > Senmmectiakely causes the emf of the generator ke jnorease oF decease thus proniding he necessany balance. * To case of locomotive cohere fous or s}n Saicg nctors ancusd, nese need ack be any ateailiary coindiings Dusing eeene\ workin AWERE motors arg ia Gemies with they wespective Held voindiings but ducing wegeneration , the motor armeburt ein peralle' Sad windings of at othey notows Snow Simi \ earthy Bemept Ont. This arrangemed lay 42 the previous one Ab) Show how seg and tension ane calculates in Er lley Wier Past - Sag in the telley vive of tereen way vrrely ercerds the Fes percent of Span length & WIR is Considered eo Rang tn the paxabiola. * TP the 20) isthe Span \ength in meters , wis the woe ight a Per meters length of wire & Tis he tension of sive in kg. Then by taking moments about roe Of the Supports wes TS wx dL 2 Ch = wos 2T ah ‘ © Squakion of paralola is given by the expression ye Sa ~ ws a oe As 2 oN tC do Cay) or aes Lt Cay fas J Gast a 5= fie tet a Be pee —_ Clee nv when AOD pie half of the span, the length of conductor to half of SPei5 Se wv oT ollection Ba) Sketch the vanous asraggennt Of caveut ‘collection USedin electic traction » Cem i i 2) Fasi- There ane 2 types of cursul callecking devices ame employed thy one 2) Tore ley collector ig te * Tks used ia kramways & broltty fouses & mounted on the weak of ke vehicle * Trolley coleckey Sonpleyed Upto speed of 32kmph Bow Collectoy x Tk cowsists of a light mmekak strip er bos & the framework en the roof of cay, * Bow is FS mounkest spade up of copper matiniok x THis sultable few Speedup to iaok SkA- oat eee LOG ts an] ° Vankograph Collectoy ' *% Tt 15 mounted on & Perigonad Framework hich can be raised er lowered by Compresad aly or Spring: aja 4 ls * Xb is Geek odhere the Vehicles tun at high speeds Vable ts cellect, 2h £0 3kA or é ab] Explain the Fuackion of negetve hoostey in a taamuscay Syston? (em) Rosi- Negative boosters ave employe Ao confosn to the regulation that the potertiodk difference between any twe points of the wai Febum shall ast enceepl 4Vy % Two boasters, pasitive & negakive, ane use eshich onc mechanically coupled tagether & digiven ey ADC moter. “The positive beastey is © connected to the trolley witt & negative booster js connect ts the tmck raid: the ‘pasitive booster’ adds voltage te the Hot GONE ThE Toegative booster ' lowers the potentiak of the point At 15 conmectedt to. * Bs Lege along Lelley AE away Promo the gentmting etabion| Sub- station the petertiah drop increases | the voltage of the Ame Lally etre falls Shee the current wetuin va the Ferack Fat, pelts away from the generating stabeo scquise high petttials. oe When Ehe load 15 sufBdiently Fee assay From the generating Sketlen tne tevoley wire is fed by the positive loosker the, Cortrent 9 the positive booster provides abe excitecbion for the Nekive boosts. The feeder currert as tt flows thmugh the Nroestts maintains he Voltage of the trolley within limits. abasod zo Discuss some of the mechanical teraking at ongtnests used ig ; 2 copepaib Noulel—inova Clecksic Lraction « Ares @y (mer) ayuda aid sini Bosi- The compressed att brakes systen . cylinder Pisten Pistog wok compressed Oly ® To levakes SPing * Th consists Of a wesewvoiy of rtampsrsseck AT) a broke hinder, co mpressh a4 Pipe a valve, Spring , Piston & pisten ned, The piston 45 connected to brake shoes through piston vod | levers. The brakes ane kept» off positivo by meons of spring provided For that: ¥ While applying brakes , compressed aiy alles to entey in te brake cylinder through the a+ Pipe valve, which presses the Pister against the force of springs: The brakes ane acleascot by exhausting hE Ay. The combine! compress ax piessurtt ig about 5,5 bay. The Nacutren brake systton Cn this lovakee Systm re cae be ee te vaderside piston js destroyed: * When brakes ave applic, vacuum broken From underside by adenitting iv ak admosphta’c prtssust- Pister moves uph applies Ane bake The brakes mray be aeleasek by either weereaking the Nacaun o¢ by a) the pressute equal on both side of the, position Module S IS) With vcclevank block diagram, discuss the wooring esx principle of Hyborick Elechse Vehicle « Gen Posi Pa Hybrich Electric vehicle usuadly consists of no! crow than Awe pouty trains» Move than two powe train configuration, esi be complicate the systtay: x Aybad aystem consists bidrtrectional energy Source & _ Converters. | “ich lneh Dig ee awnEL ae Power rain UW) Energy Soucsee 4. Converter | Passes tral a) Ce directo Energy rah) Energy Sourtc q_ Converter 2, = Ll ge ee fle oa pepelliag > Poser Flos bile chang [_ fag fan Source (2) Theee cae many avaitahle pattems of Combining the power Plow be meee load acquistments of Kilows Wo Pour teint CPT) delivers power tothe lead. 2D Pour rain 2 CPTA) halivers Powed ‘he Ghia food: SJ Both PTIVPT, chelivers power te toad at same time 5} Pty olotains power From loaok Creguerative lrmbing) G\ PT obtain power from PT, : El PTr obteln power from PT R load eck seme time A) PT, Aetvess Load & te pow PT2 at sametime. ‘ fi fe Z) PTH dalivers power t PTY PT olelers pouty load: A PT, delivers Keeckss power t lead» PAR dle loud delevers Powes te PTr- Fh) Discuss ecleckrvic enesgy conmmption in electwe Bing. THe eneagy consumphion per unit distante in kWh] ken ig Seremally “sect be evalucdtthe vehicle tnory consumpkion. * The wetteny powerst EVS os.ginak energy consumption in kWh, Measuvh at becttery rherminals. © Eres cemiunphien i, an lnkegredion of power output atthe botany “teaminals. “Fan pepell ing the battery power output is equak to the resistance powey & Any pours losses ia Lrangmissin Xenotey dive jocluding losses in electronic davies. To Back Power loss efBcienty of moter CQq) & transmission RY) os consider F The bettery power output is giver by v a (m ; \ oi Tigh Ove 3 Ch+ i) +1 §..G Ae +msav.) ese aon Erection loool cot included. yy Whey WRENewALIVe braking is ePheckive 09 an EV, @ pant of that beaking erewgy ~ wasted in Convenrtionad \etokrag vehicles = can we qecovereh bY operating the notey drive as a generator § ‘an sestoring in to the bottemes - ¥% ~The -~weaenevakive braking Powts at battery cevminals given, ba) Poin SM CG ae ‘bin ae Myg Gri) +t Sa Congres Madu a wrk geadel 1) Y aces lemkinn BN beth of them owe iA negative 5M Cocaedi) isthe -/ of total brak MZ energy cthak can be applied by the electric emer: H The nek energy consumption ‘Prom the battery 16 given by Bout = ff Ren lk +f Posin okt track ion borakiing Toa) With neat Lagran explain the conkigucsa ion of (eon tom) Rasy — Elecbere Propulsion Subsytens Ke Vehicle ae Electa | Mechanica Power fs controller motor| | Transmission * Accelesatie, | Hotel Climate OEP) unit ————_— Auniliany Subsycktnn TS Mechanical Wak weap Electric link — > control Unk & The dave tinin consists of 3 moj oe BubslEmes J The electric prepulsinn Subsystran a} Energy sousce SubsyStens a) Runikary Subsystes ~ 2 @ on the brakes Y acceleration syste on Sub systten ascot On oowks * ist. : * The electric propulsion substystien consif 5, vekicle contrelley, ey, cleckwe mores, Mech sea Evarsemissd electronic Power conver anit 5 syste x The energy Source suloshg Stereo consists charege controlling unit. energy source Y vefucling wit \ 1 F Puniiay subsyter consists auniliany power SMP? powee steering & chienate conte! tani » Steering * tera capictes % Energy source unk carsists bottety» ul cop to b) Discuss electrical Vehiche performance jatewems of mavimun exusiag speek, gradcability Y acceleration « Gem Aas.- Basie vehicle perkemance Includes maniewum ceasing speck, gcodsability Y acceleration: “The montinntmn speed of vehicle can be Round by the iateasection pbint of tractive effort cusve with vse pesiatantt cunve, in treckive effect vis vehicle speed diagran, Veown = Nn nes Vk ZO lgmin lo @ls) Who Nennan i clowed manienun sem of the aAvaction motey Y igenin is eninimum gear ratio of the -brontenission: % Cpradeobilitty 15 deteeminth by act tractive effort of the vehicle Facet. fs Ree Fo. x Mid & high speed gradeability isasmalley than grodeobility at low speek. *® The maximus gsoolkale’ lity eck low Speedl that the vehicle Can ovestome at the given Speck gris calculated by > Fmt 2 Fe - Char Fo) a) Myg Fe Track effort on deiven coher] \ Roe Tie welling esesistance Fo > Peredyaamic drag Sin = _defe Jed 8 ne a Ae CR Rad] Mug , which is called vehicle pesfosmante Packs of vehicle is evaluated by the Hime % Acceleration perforerante : Used to accelesate the vehicle Prom bow speed Vi (ize) to ' higher speed an EN $e Ste By % The acceleration Alone fox - J MWS dV aa ® Ne Mv gtr~ Che) Sa Cb AR” Np My oy oMva tr -\Y) Sa Co Ag V™ Ay NL. Dent. of Electrical HEAD ae Jectronics kaa V. D. Institute of Tachnoloy HALIYAL-S81 2°

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