Group 3

Siyensikula and Stemtokperiment

How light act as a wave and particles

[Lumacang]

Hello everyone! I'm (Name), the representative for Siyensikula from Group 3 and I will be talking about
How light acts as a wave and particles.

(Intro)

[Lumacang]

Before we discuss how light acts as a wave and light particles, what is light?

Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light is
usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres, corresponding to
frequencies of 750–420 terahertz, between the infrared and the ultraviolet.

How light acts as a wave and light particles.

Light behaves mainly like a wave but it can also be considered to consist of tiny packages of energy
called photons. Photons carry a fixed amount of energy but have no mass. The energy of a photon
depends on its wavelength: longer wavelength photons have less energy and shorter wavelength
photons have more energy.

1. Describe what happens when light is reflected, refracted, transmitted and absorbed.

• When light is reflected, it will bounce back when it hits a reflecting surface such as a mirror. The
reflected light continues to travel in a straight line, but in a different direction. Here are some things to
remember about reflection. Light is reflected at the same angle that it hits the surface.

• When light is refracted, the light bends toward the normal line. If light travels enter into a substance
with a lower refractive index (such as from water into air) it speeds up. The light bends away from the
normal line. A higher refractive index shows that light will slow down and change direction more as it
enters the substance.

• When light is transmitted, it continues to the material/object. Air, glass and water are common
materials that are very good at transmitting light. They are transparent because light is transmitted with
very little absorption.

• When light is absorbed, it makes an object dark or opaque to the wavelengths or colors of the
incoming wave: Wood is opaque to visible light. Some materials are opaque to some wavelengths of
light, but transparent to others. Glass and water are opaque to ultraviolet light, but transparent to
visible light.

Cite examples of waves.

[Lumandong]

Our third objectives is How the propagation of light, reflection and refraction are explained by the wave
model and the particle model of light.

When a beam of light travels between two media having different refractive indices, the beam
undergoes refraction, and changes direction when it passes from the first medium into the second. To
determine whether the light beam is composed of waves or particles, a model for each can be devised
to explain the phenomenon (Figure 1). According to Huygens' wave theory, a small portion of each
angled wavefront should impact the second medium before the rest of the front reaches the interface.
This portion will start to move through the second medium while the rest of the wave is still traveling in
the first medium, but will move more slowly due to the higher refractive index of the second medium.
Because the wavefront is now traveling at two different speeds, it will bend into the second medium,
thus changing the angle of propagation. In contrast, particle theory has a rather difficult time explaining
why particles of light should change direction when they pass from one medium into another.

[Calunod]

The case for a particle nature for light is far stronger with regards to the reflection phenomenon than it
is for refraction. Light emitted by a source, whether near or far, arrives at the mirror surface as a stream
of particles, which bounce away or are reflected from the smooth surface. Because the particles are very
tiny, a huge number are involved in a propagating light beam, where they travel side by side very close
together. Upon impacting the mirror, the particles bounce from different points, so their order in the
light beam is reversed upon reflection to produce a reversed image, as demonstrated in Figure 1. Both
the particle and wave theories adequately explain reflection from a smooth surface. However, the
particle theory also suggests that if the surface is very rough, the particles bounce away at a variety of
angles, scattering the light.

[Babatuan]

Let's proceed to the word problem and solve it using the GAFSA format.

If a pendulum swings with a frequency of .25 Hz (Hertz), what is its period?

Let's start with G which is Given. The given in the problem is the frequency of .25 Hz (Hertz) or f is equal
to .25 Hz (Hertz).

The A which is Asked. The asked in this problem is what is its period or p.

The F which is the Formula. The formula for this problem is T is equal to 1 over f (T=1/f).
The S which is the Solution. The solution for this problem is T is equal to 1 divided by .25 or T=1/.25.

You sent

And lasty the A which is the Answer. The answer for this problem is 4 seconds, hence the period is 4
seconds or p=4. The 4s means that 1 cycle completes every 4 seconds.

Thank you for listening!

[Tejano]

Hello everyone! I'm (name), the representative of Stemtokperiment from group 3 and we will be
experimenting light refraction. Let's get started!

Before we proceed, we should prepare the materials needed in this experiment. The materials we need
are water, a clear glass, a paper and a marker.

First, draw 2 arrows that are in the same direction at the top and bottom part of the paper and shade it.
After you're done drawing the arrow, get the clear glass and pour the water in it.

Here comes our experiment, hold the paper up then slowly move it down and see what happens to the
arrow.

As you can see, when the paper is moved down at the back side of thw glass, the arrow bottom arrow
changes it's direction.

This is because bending of light as it passes through one transparent medium into another is known as
refraction. When light passes through a cylindrical glass, it bends when it enters the glass and water and
then bends again when it leaves the glass and water. As a result, the light paths cross, and the image
appears to be horizontally flipped (left/right). In our experiment, the light wave traveled from the image
(arrow) into the water, crossing the glass cup, and finally into the air and reaching our eyes, where water
acts as a magnifying glass, concentrating light towards the focal point (near to the center). The image
appears reversed when the light ray extends beyond this focal point. That means the light on the left
side has shifted to the right side.

And that's the experiment of the light refraction! Thank you for watching!

References:

https://g.co/kgs/VbK69r

https://lco.global/spacebook/light/light-
particle/#:~:text=Light%20behaves%20mainly%20like%20a,shorter%20wavelength%20photons%20have
%20more.
https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders/reflection-and-
refraction#:~:text=Reflection%20occurs%20when%20light%20traveling,that%20it%20hits%20the%20sur
face.

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/49-refraction-of-
light#:~:text=The%20light%20bends%20towards%20the,as%20it%20enters%20the%20substance.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg7jng8/revision/3#:~:text=Transmission%20of%20light&text=
When%20waves%20are%20transmitted%2C%20they,transmitted%20with%20very%20little%20absorpti
on.

https://andor.oxinst.com/learning/view/article/absorption-of-
light#:~:text=The%20absorption%20of%20light%20makes,but%20transparent%20to%20visible%20light.

https://youtu.be/TOfRwpbDanU

https://youtu.be/9n362snGUdw