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Biofertilizer Syl

This document outlines the syllabus for a course on biological systems used as fertilizers. The course aims to: 1) Develop an understanding of microbial inoculants or biofertilizers and their role in plant nutrition. 2) Understand the optimal conditions for growth of microbes like Rhizobium, cyanobacteria, and mycorrhizae that are useful for fertilization. 3) Gain knowledge of the role of microbes in mineral cycling and their contribution to plant nutrition. 4) Learn skills for decomposing biodegradable waste and converting it into compost. The syllabus covers topics like microbial inoculants, the role of cyanobacteria, mycorr

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90 views

Biofertilizer Syl

This document outlines the syllabus for a course on biological systems used as fertilizers. The course aims to: 1) Develop an understanding of microbial inoculants or biofertilizers and their role in plant nutrition. 2) Understand the optimal conditions for growth of microbes like Rhizobium, cyanobacteria, and mycorrhizae that are useful for fertilization. 3) Gain knowledge of the role of microbes in mineral cycling and their contribution to plant nutrition. 4) Learn skills for decomposing biodegradable waste and converting it into compost. The syllabus covers topics like microbial inoculants, the role of cyanobacteria, mycorr

Uploaded by

sahib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• To develop an understanding of biological systems used as fertilizers and build

skills in handling microbial inoculants.


• To understand the optimum conditions for growth and multiplication of useful
microbes such as Rhizobium, cyanobacteria, mycorrhizae, Azotobacter etc.
• To understand the role of microbes in mineral cycling and nutrition of plants.
• To gain expertise in various methods of decomposition of biodegradable waste,
conversion into compost and apply this knowledge and skill in their daily life.

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:


• visualize and identify different types of microorganisms with a compound
microscope.
• understand the classification of microorganisms according to their shape/ structure for
morphological identification. Prepare and sterilize different types of culture media.
• isolate of microorganisms from the environmental samples and culture in aseptic
conditions.

SYLLABUS OF GE-2
Unit 1: Introduction
Hours: 7
Introduction to microbial inoculants or biofertilizers, macro and micro nutrition of plants,
chemical fertilizers versus biofertilizers; Methods and steps in mass multiplication of
biofertilizers: stock culture, broth culture, growth medium, fermentation, blending with the
carrier, packaging, and quality check, ISI standard specification for biofertilizers; scope of
biofertilizers in India.

Unit 2: Microbial Inoculants


Hours: 08

Study of important microbial inoculants: Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter,


Actinorhizae; Characteristics, isolation, identification, and crop response.

14
Unit 3: Role of Cyanobacteria
Hours: 02
Role of Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in rice cultivation; Azolla and Anabaena azollae
association, nitrogen fixation, and factors affecting growth.

Unit 4: Mycorrhizal association


Hours: 08
Types of mycorrhizal association, taxonomy, occurrence and distribution; Role of Arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi in phosphorus nutrition, growth and yield of crop plants; AMF – methods in
isolation (wet sieving and decanting), identification (morphological and molecular methods).
Methods of inoculum production (Pot culture and root culture).

Unit 5: Organic farming


Hours: 5
Introduction to organic farming, recycling of biodegradable municipal (domestic),
agricultural and industrial waste; green manuring, bio-composting, vermicomposting and
their field application.

Practicals: (60 Hours)


1. Study of Rhizobium from root nodules of leguminous plants by Gram staining
method. Hours: 01
2. Observation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from plant roots. Hours: 02
3. Isolation of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores from rhizosphere soil. Hours: 01
4. Isolation of Anabaena from Azolla leaf. Hours: 01
5. Study of Earthworm, Azolla, AMF: Arbuscules-vesicles through specimen / digital
resources. Hours: 01
6. Study of Biocontrol methods and their application -Pheromone trap, Trichoderma,
Pseudomonas, Neem etc. through digital resources. Hours: 01
7. − 2− −
Rapid test for pH, NO3 , SO4 , Cl and organic matter of different composts.
Hours: 02
8. Projects on any one of the following topics: Rhizobium technology, AMF
technology, Organic farming, Bio composting, Vermicomposting, Azolla culture
etc. (The design of the project should be such that it includes a continuous work of at
least 6 Hours and a dissertation submission).
Hours:06

15
Essential/recommended readings
• Kumaresan, V. (2005). Biotechnology. New Delhi, Delhi: Saras Publication.
• Sathe, T.V. (2004). Vermiculture and Organic Farming. New Delhi, Delhi: Daya
publishers.
• Subha Rao, N.S. (2020). Soil Microbiology, 5th edn. New Delhi, Delhi: Oxford &
IBH Publishers.
• Reeta Khosla (2017). Biofertilizers and Biocontrol Agents for Organic
Farming, Kojo Press

Suggestive readings
• Azotobacter - Isolation and characterization - https://youtu.be/1Z1VhgJ2h6U
• Rhizobium - Identification and characterization - https://youtu.be/jELlo-pMvc4.
• 3-Days Online Workshop On Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi - Biodiversity,
Taxonomy and Propagation 19-2 (2022-01-20 at 02_27 GMT-8) -
https://youtu.be/LKzK4IuSRc4.

• Vayas, S.C, Vayas, S., Modi, H.A. (1998). Bio-fertilizers and organic Farming.
Nadiad, Gujarat: Akta Prakashan.

GENERIC ELECTIVES (GE-3)

Credit distribution, Eligibility and Pre-requisites of the Course

Course t itle & Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-
Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria requisite o f
Practice the course
Protected 4 2 2 12th Pass Nil
Agriculture –
Hydroponics and
Organic Cultivation

Learning Objectives

The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

16

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