EFFECTIVENESS OF BUSINESS AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS TOWARDS

ASPIRING ENTREPRENEURS AMONG ABM STUDENTS OF GMNAS

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A Quantitative Research
Presented by
Grade 12 CATTLE - Accountancy, Business And Management Strand
Of General MacArthur National Agricultural School
General MacArthur, Eastern Samar, Philippines
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In partial fulfilment of the Requirements for
Practical Research 2
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MADE BY
Altares, Reniel
Labutap, Jovan
Calicoy, Junjie
Quilbio, Danica
Quijano, Kristine Joy
Edles, Jessel Mae
Lagana, Kathleen Joy
Norte, Candice
Belicario, Mark Anthony
Celada, John Lloyd
Guasis, Anthony

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES

Title Page…………………………………………………………………………. i

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………. 1

CHAPTERS

I. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study………………………………………………….. 2 – 9

Theoretical Framework ……………………...……………..…………….. 9 – 10

Statement of the Problem……………………...……………..…………… 12

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………. 13 - 14

Scope and Delimitations ...……………………………………………….. 14

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………….. 15 – 16

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature……………..………………………………………..

Related Studies……………..………………………………………….

III. METHODOLOGY

Research Design……………………………………………...……...

Participants……………………………………………………………

Sampling ……………………………………………………………...

Data Gathering……………………………………………………….

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Aspiring entrepreneurs always consider business and managerial skills as their top tier

assets in building business of their own or working for other companies. The two skills have

become their instruments to succeed in the profession they've chosen. Business and managerial

skills have been part of the academic curriculum in our country's educational institution. These

skills are taught to students earlier before college.

To begin with, business skills are component of skills related to businesses and its

operations, strategies, and computations. Business strategy is actually one of the most important

skills that an entrepreneur needs. Often, entrepreneurs achieve success in their businesses

through their own sheer strength of will. Business strategies include communication skills, sales

skills, a deep focus, and a high ability to learn. An entrepreneur can actually learn a business

strategy on the fly. When structuring and growing a business, however, it's important that the

structure and growth strategy is based on sound business sense and skills. A successful

entrepreneur needs to have a solid strategy to take their business from good to great.

Additionally, Rusinku (2020) described business skills as the common set of terms and

practices used by all individuals who make up a business organization and, likewise, are the

common set of terms and practices used by all business organizations. These skills are essential

for the success of any company and employee, but especially those in service-related fields

where employees are often the first and most important interface between the company and its

customers.

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 Moreover, business skills are essential to keeping an organization running smoothly.

These skills help professionals understand the internal and external factors that impact an

organization’s success and the processes involved in carrying out business goals. The skills

needed to be successful in business include soft skills, such as leadership and communication, as

well as hard or technical skills like financial accounting (Reynolds, 2019). Some of the most

important business skills everyone should learn include: data analysis skills: Identifying trends

and making data-driven business decisions. Understanding of economics: understanding pricing

strategies and market demand to develop your decision-making abilities. Business management

skills: effectively managing organizational resources and implementing managerial processes.

Leadership skills: guiding teams toward success while carrying out the business’s mission and

vision. Financial accounting skills: understanding the company’s current performance and future

potential. Financial management skills: using financial tools to empower the decision-making

process. Communication and negotiation skills: effectively communicating internally and

externally and working toward common goals. Project management, planning, and

organizational skills: maximizing productivity. Emotional intelligence: better managing

professional relationships. Lastly, networking: making mutually beneficial connections

throughout your company, industry, and beyond (Michele, 2019).

On the other hand, Managerial skills involve the management and flows of interactions

inside the company. It is imperative for an entrepreneur to be able to communicate with

employees, investors, customers, creditors, peers, and mentors.

Based on the revised model proposed by Katz (2012) in his work “Skills of an effective

administrator”, there are three dimensions of managerial skills. These are: technical skills - the

ability to use tools, methods and technology in a particular specialty,for example knowledge and

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using computer software packages (such a Microsoft Office package: Excel, Access, Power

Point). Conceptual skills - mental ability to coordinate and integrate the interests and activities of

the organization. It's an ability of abstract thinking, which enable to understand the process in a

particular field of work to make better decisions and actions. Human skills - the ability to

cooperate and make contacts with other people, understand and motivate them what enable to

use human potential in the company for better results.

Furthermore, management skills include handling of business-operating and/or non-

operating activities, management planning, and more importantly, communicating. If an

entrepreneur cannot communicate the value of their company, it’s unlikely the company will be

successful. They also need to master all forms of communication, including one-on-one and in-

person conversations, group conversations, written communication, and email or online

messages. Management or managerial skills include time management, opportunity recognition,

business planning, information gathering, employee management, and financial management

(Sharma, 2017).

Simply, managerial skills are the knowledge and competence of persons in a

managerial position to comply some specific management activities or tasks. This knowledge

and ability can be learned and enhanced, and that is through a strand to be taken during senior

years of high school.

ABM (Accountancy, Business, and Management) strand—is a strand designed to

prepare the future businessmen/entrepreneurs for the brighter future ahead. It paves the way for

business-related college degrees such as Accountancy, Marketing, Hotel Management, Tourism,

etc. It eases these college degrees through teaching the basic concept of financial management,

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accounting, and corporate operations. ABM strand instills crucial skills that one needs to perform

well in their future careers or businesses.

The ABM Strand program offers a multitude of opportunities and direct career paths that

can propel you into both personal and professional success. As previously mentioned, studying

under the ABM Strand will cover the fundamentals of accounting, finance, management, and

even entrepreneurship. These are the key arenas for making any business thrive. Besides the

direct careers in accounting, management, and finance, there are many other common career

paths that a student can pursue under the ABM Strand: Business Careers on Retails and Sales,

Media, Marketing and Advertising, and Human Resources.

According to Stevens (2018), ABM strand has three major objectives. First, to acquire

basic industry skills; to be followed by, adopt the right mindset; lastly, to gain business exposure.

ABM strand has also it advantages. It fosters learner centered programs; it provides direct paths

to careers; it boosts interest for tertiary learning; it helps with career decision making; and it

advances skill in the job market. ABM track courses will help the students develop confidence in

doing their project and tasks. Eventually, they will be able to adopt critical thinking skills and

teamwork, which they can carry over once they partake in their chosen carreers. Learning about

business and finance might be challenging. Nevertheless, the ABM track programs could help

students develop the right mindset.

In addition, ABM strand is a an academic track that practice aspiring entrepreneurs that

will put to change economically and socially to the country. And an aspiring entrepreneur must

practice skills for successful ones. The programs under this strand aim to instill crucial skills that

one needs to perform well in their future careers and businesses. The K-12 programs aims to give

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junior and senior high school students enough time to master skills and absorb basic know-hows

for college education or job search. This system, setups to provide a better grasp of concepts.

If the students have always seen themselves as the type who wish to launch business

idea, then they may use the ABM-related courses to turn themselves into a capable entrepreneur.

Other students may feel that this is the right fit if they have always had a fascination for numbers

and financial management. However, ABM is more than that. Aside from sharpening one's

business and managerial skills, it also provide other fundamental concepts that will lead the

aspiring entrepreneurs to succeed in the future.

Choosing the right strand aligned with the targeted program is very necessary. As early

as a junior high school student, students must be wise in choosing the right strand for them.

Thus, if, they want a college degree/program related to business, ABM strand awaits for them.

Having a foundation in business and managerial skills can help countless students—

regardless of their field of study—become more marketable in their job search, entrepreneurial

dreams, and more effective in whatever position they ultimately accept. Formally studying

business or management is shown to increase the likelihood that a student will want to become

an entrepreneur, and by mastering business and managerial skills, they'll be more likely to

become successful.

To support this, Sharma (2017) posited that, a successful entrepreneur is the one who is

focused on making their decisions and eliminate the obstacles that arise when achieving the

goals. Certain qualities are required for the entrepreneur to achieve the best goal. Leadership

quality is essential for every entrepreneur to make the whole team work together and give their

best in achieving the goal. Entrepreneurs must possess adequate leadership skills to effectively

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coordinate the efforts of everyone involved in an enterprise. Leadership skills can be learned

through experience and formal education on leadership techniques.

Consequently, successful entrepreneurs must have strong overall business management

skills. They must understand all the aspects of how a business operates, including the regulatory

requirements of an industry. They should have knowledge about labor, employment, and tax

laws, and must stay abreast of industry and market trends. This will help them quickly change

direction if economic conditions dictate.

In general, most of the skills required for an entrepreneur to succeed are being taught in

ABM strand during the 11th and 12th grade of high school, and that include the business and

managerial skills.

However, the Department of Education (DepEd) reported lack of efficiency in teaching

under ABM strand. The education department pointed out several factors affecting the

performance of ABM students in acquiring and understanding their learnings or specific

curriculum. In a study, It was found out that the difficulties faced by ABM students are time

management, problem-solving, school works, and lack of knowledge and solutions to

counteract. By this, It means to say, that there are inevitable factors that could affect one's

willingness to learn about business and managerial skills. If these prevalent factors will continue

to intervene, it is not impossible that ABM students will find business and managerial skills too

hard to attain and take in. True enough that there are students who are classified as slow-learners.

That is why the business and managerial skills are taught to them smoothly for them to cope up.

ABM is founded to offer business, managerial and other corporate skills towards aspiring

entrepreneurs who wish to build their names in the corporate world. And a successful

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entrepreneur paves for a country's progression. Filipino entrepreneurs create jobs not just for

themselves but also for other Filipinos. They help to grow businesses. By starting and growing

their businesses, entrepreneurs help contribute to the Philippine economy’s growth. They create

products and services that improve people’s lives. Entrepreneurs always develop new products

and services that make life easier and better for people. From food delivery apps to online

shopping platforms, entrepreneurs are constantly finding new ways to improve the lives of

Filipinos. When businesses are successful, they generate tax revenue for the government. This is

important because it helps to fund public services like education and healthcare. More

importantly, They help to create a more competitive economy. By starting businesses,

entrepreneurs help to make the Philippine economy more competitive. This is important because

it attracts foreign investors and helps to improve the country’s overall economic standing. That is

why the educational institution is making sure that business and managerial skills are taught to

students effectively.

This study aims to find out whether how effective is business and managerial skills in

nourishing the potential of aspiring entrepreneurs among ABM students of General MacArthur

National Agricultural School (GMNAS), when it comes to business and management.

The purpose of this study is to know how equipped the students of ABM strand in

General MacArthur National Agricultural School are, regarding with the managerial and

business-related skills which are necessary to meet the competencies and demands of globally

competitive entrepreneurship. It seeks to test the effectiveness of the young business-related

college degrees and ready the aspiring entrepreneurs in nurturing their potential skills when it

comes to business and management. It intents to measure the effectiveness of the basic concepts

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of business and managerial skills towards aiming for successful business-related professions in

the future.

Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored from the theoretical support of Katz’s Managerial Skills Theory by

Katz (2001), theorist Robert L. Katz, is known for providing a framework for understanding

managerial skills, wherein his three skills taxonomy, categorized skills as follows—Conceptual

Skills- conceptual skills involve the formulation of creative ideas, and solve problems in a

systematic way; Human Skills- human skills involves the ability of an individual in socializing

effectively. Managers always interact with its employees; Technical Skills wherein managers

have general technical knowledge involving experience and skills, would left open room for

aspiring entrepreneurs to determine what skill or abilities a manager should posses to

successfully carry out the functions they employ.

A manager’s level in the organization determines the relative importance of possessing

technical, human, and conceptual skills according to Gordon (2022). Top-level managers

practice higher level performance in planning such as strategy and mission which requires a great

conceptual skills. All level of management needs technical skills so they can operate the

management itself in a systematic way through having an excellent technique knowledge.

Human skills is very necessary in all levels of management for it leads to communicating and

interacting other people effectively.

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 The skills approach provides an outline of the skills of leaders at all levels that an

organisation can use. Moreover, it helps you identify your own strengths and weaknesses in

regard to the three key skills identified by Katz: technical, human and conceptual.

To support the theory, In the 1990s, a group of researchers conducted a study on a sample

of more than 1,800 Army officers to explain the underlying elements of effective performance.

The findings from that study developed what is commonly referred to as the Mumford group

skills-based model of leadership. This model has three skills components: individual attributes,

competencies and leadership outcomes. It also suggests that career experiences and

environmental influences feed into these skills (Mumford et al. 2000).

The skills theory is not used in an applied leadership setting, since there is no formal

training package to teach people about leadership using this theory. The skills theory of

leadership follows a leader-centred perspective, similar to the traits theory. However, the

difference is that the skills approach puts more emphasis on the skills and abilities that can be

learned and developed.

Conclusively, managerial skills are needed by entrepreneurs to succeed in the chosen

profession or in building business of their own. It is said that skills and abilities can be enhanced

and further develop through time. Business and managerial skills are no exemption to that. These

two skills can be nurtured and flourished during two years of Senior High School (SHS).

Particularly, ABM strand focuses more on the entrepreneurial field than the other academic

strands. Thus, this strand is a perfect area of investigation in knowing the effectiveness of both

business and managerial skills towards aspiring entrepreneurs among ABM students.

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Statement of the Problem

This study intents to identify the effectiveness of business and managerial skills towards

aspiring entrepreneurs among ABM students of GMNAS. Specifically, this study aims to answer

the following questions:

1. What is the impact of business and managerial skills towards ABM students of GMNAS, in

terms of:

1.1 Grade 11 ABM

1.2 Grade 12 ABM

2. How effective is business and managerial skills in:

2.1 Grade 11 ABM

2.2 Grade 12 ABM

3. What recommendations can be offered in order to enhance the business and managerial

skills of the ABM students of GMNAS?

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Significance of the Study

The significance of this study has a great impact and is believed to reflect far-reaching

implications in the lives of people. This is to proved that the effectiveness of ABM strand would

serve as an eye opener on the future possibilities and success of business establishment. Senior

high school students who choose this route, may adopt the right mindset for crisis management

and problem solving on the job and behind their business in the near future.

For the ABM students, the knowledge and skills they developed in this program would

be useful to choose their future careers and professions. It is the challenge to make their courses

articulate, have strong analytical skills and build teamwork to become successful business

managers or owners in the future. Testing the effectiveness of teaching in this strand would help

students lead to focus on the basic concepts which are all things are accounted for. This study

will help them identify what skills are needed to be enhanced for them to meet their aspirations

of becoming entrepreneurs.

For the teachers, this study will help them realise the specific or general lapses they need

to improve on when teaching business and managerial skills towards the ABM students. This

study will help them make ways and adapt better strategies or methods on passing learnings and

knowledge towards their students.

For the school, this study will serve as a door to the current situation of the newly

implement K to 12 curriculum which the ABM strand belongs. It will help them determine the

strengths and weaknesses of a certain program and focus more to the specific areas and further

enhance in order to make the program more responsive.

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 For the community, this study aims to teach everything that would make graduates ready

for job and seeks to prepare young business leaders of tomorrow. It provide students with the

skills and knowledge they need to work or improve on in the corporate world. This study is a

powerful tool in career-improving and skills-enhancing that would benefit the community by

producing skilled entrepreneurs.

For the researchers, this study intent that the managerial styles and skills are critically

important to enhance relations with the subordinates and thereby achieve the goals of increased

effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in the workplace. The researchers will learn about the

effectiveness of business and managerial skills towards ABM students. This study will help them

give possible possible recommendations and point out relevant factors to be carved and solved

out.

For the future researchers, This study aims to explore and investigate businesses and

managerial education as a core subject and to evaluate and determine its effectiveness. This

study is expected to bear objective results that can be helpful for future researchers if they

wanted to research the same field or gather data related to this study.

Scope and Delimitations

This study will cover the effectiveness of business and managerial skills, the curriculum

and the learning process, and the perceptions of the Grade 11&12 ABM Students of General

MacArthur National Agricultural School in Eastern Samar, Region 8, School Year 2022-2023.

The researchers limit their investigation only on the effectivity of business and managerial

skills towards aspiring entrepreneurs among ABM students of GMNAS. A suitable research

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approach is employed in order to carry out the study. As a result, this section will go through

research design, data collection instruments, population, study location, data collection

techniques, and statistical data analysis.

Definition of Terms

Academic Track - An academic track defines a set of possible course selections available to a

specific group of students. They are analogous to the colored course selection sheets common in

a paper-based course selection process.

Business - the amount of activity that is done by a store, company, factory, etc. The activity of

making, buying, or selling goods or providing services in exchange for money.

Competencies - is the capability to apply or use the set of related knowledge, skills, and

abilities required to successfully perform 'critical work functions' or tasks in a defined work

setting.

Curriculum - is a standards-based sequence of planned experiences where students practice and

achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills. Curriculum is the central guide for all

educators as to what is essential for teaching and learning, so that every student has access to

rigorous academic experiences.

Entrepreneurship - is the process by which individuals or a group of individuals

(entrepreneurs) exploit a commercial opportunity, either by bringing a new product or process to

the market, or by substantially improving an existing good, service, or method of production.

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Management - the act or skill of controlling and making decisions about a business, department,

sports team, etc. It is the act or process of deciding how to use something.

Profession - a type of job that requires special education, training, or skill. A calling requiring

specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation

Skills - is the learned ability to perform an action with determined results with good execution

often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. Skills can often be divided into domain-

general and domain-specific skills.

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