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Drug Addiction

The document provides an overview of addiction, including what it is, types of drug abuse, causes and effects of addiction, prevention and treatment. It discusses the main types of drugs abused like heroin, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, marijuana and alcohol. It outlines the history of addiction from ancient times through the cultivation of crops like opium and the introduction of cocaine, tobacco and other drugs through trade and colonization. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of addiction are also summarized.

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Aravind Raj
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283 views21 pages

Drug Addiction

The document provides an overview of addiction, including what it is, types of drug abuse, causes and effects of addiction, prevention and treatment. It discusses the main types of drugs abused like heroin, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, marijuana and alcohol. It outlines the history of addiction from ancient times through the cultivation of crops like opium and the introduction of cocaine, tobacco and other drugs through trade and colonization. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of addiction are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Aravind Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS ADDICTION
• TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
• CAUSES OF ADDICTION
• EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
• PREVENTION AND CONTROL
• DIAGONISIS OF ADDICTION
• TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
• HISTORY OF ADDICTION -DRUG ABUSE
• CONCLUSION
• BIBILOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION

Addiction is the one of the biggest disease of the world. More


than millions of the individuals are struggling against
addiction. It takes away the happiness of the people by
avoiding them to get what they want and many of the people
were also not able to tale correct decision. According to the
recent studies it has been found that adolescent is more
vulnerable to addiction. Addiction is that type of disease
whose rehabilitation is very difficult. As we know prevention
is better than cure so we can prevent ourself from getting
addicted by not living under peer pressure. If we also get
addicted, we should immediately take the help of specialist for
rehab.
WHAT IS ADDICTION

Addiction is the habitual, physiological, psychological


dependence on a substance or practice which is beyond
voluntary control. A person who is habituated to substance or
a practice, especially a harmful one, is called addict. Addiction
is a chronic, progressive and sometimes fatal disorder with
both genetic and environmental roots. It manifests as a
compulsion that derives an individual to continue to behave in
a way that is harmful to self and loved ones, despite an intense
desire to halt that behaviour. It is a disease of ‘‘more’’-an
active addict needs an increasing amount of substance to get
high and is unable to cease usage without pain withdrawal
symptoms. This is true whether the addictive substance is a
drug or tobacco or alcohol or a behaviour. Medically, addiction
is of three types -Tobacco Addiction, Alcohol Addiction, Drug
Addiction.
TYPES OF DRUG’S

1.HEROIN

As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to seizures, psychosis,


and hallucinations when it is abused. Heroin injections can
also spread diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus
and hepatitis. This drug is known to cause serious health issues
when it is abused because it interferes with brains receptors.
Individual who take heroin always require professional
rehabilitation because the symptoms of withdrawal may be
life threatening.
2.COCAINE

Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even when taken in


small amounts. It induces euphoria, increases blood pressure,
and accelerates the heart rate. The drug may lead to fatal
strokes or heart attacks for some users. Due to the severe
consequences of using cocaine, users require immediate
professional treatment.
3.CRACK

A potent form of cocaine, crack is often smoked and suddenly


creates an intense euphoric sensation for a short while. Crack
has turned into a problem because it is cheap and easy to buy
and use. Abusing the substance however, can lead to
immediate addiction. abusers are also at risk of suffering heart
attacks and strokes with every use. Long term use can cause
liver, kidney and lung damage.
4.HALLUCINOGENS

PCP [phencyclidine] and LSD [lysergic acid diethylamide] are


hallucinogens, which means that they make users feel, see and
hear things that are not real. While they experience
hallucinations with these drugs, users lose touch with reality
and enter mental states of disconnections. Withdrawing from
hallucinogens is not easy, and abusers will need professional
treatment in a rehab facility.
5.MARIJUANA

Marijuana is the most common illegal drug that is abused, and


many people begin using it as recreational drug in social
situations. Continued abuse of marijuana can lead to addiction
and the substance can affect the physical coordination,
memory and mental functions of users time. While it is easy to
abuse marijuana, it is not easy to stop using it.
6.ALCOHOL

Abusing alcohol can cause psychological, physical and social


problems and it can lead to the destruction of relationships,
friendships and marriages. A lot of alcohol abusers drink so
much that their bodies are unable to handle it. Sometimes this
requires that they are hospitalized for alcohol poisoning.
Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead to injury or death to the
people around them while they are under the influence.
Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because of delirium tremens,
which is a symptom with potential to trigger heart failure or
stroke. Refraining from drinking also is not easy when it
becomes of mental and physical issue. Professional assistance
is often necessary for abusers of alcohol.
CAUSES OF ADDICTION

1) Peer pressure
2) Stress and depression
3) Physical and sexual abuse
4) Religious rituals
EFFECTS OF ADDICTION

FATIGUE
The patient is tired most of the time.

MEMORY LOSE
Especially the patients short term memory.

EYE MUSCLES
The eye muscles can become slightly weaker.

LIVER DISEASES
The patients has a considerable higher chance of developing
hepatitis and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the liver is an inversible and
progressive condition.

HEART PROBLEMS
Regular heaving drinking can lead to cardiomyopathy
[damaged heart muscle], heart failure and stroke.
MENSTRUATION
Alcoholism will usually stop menstruation or disrupt it.

CANCER
Alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing several
cancers, including cancer of the mouth, oesophagus, liver,
colon, rectum, breast, prostate and pharynx.

SUICIDE
Suicide rates among people who are alcohol-dependent or
who abuse alcohol are much higher than among other people.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL

‘Prevention is better than cure’ is also true here. Tobacco,


drug/alcohol abuse are more during young age and
adolescence. The remedial measurement should be taken in
time. The following measures would be particularly useful for
prevention and control of alcohol and addiction during
adolescents.
1.Avoid undue peer pressure.
2.Education and Counselling.
3.Seeking help from parents and peer.
4.Looking for Danger signs.
5.seeking Professional and medical helps.
DIAGONISIS OF ADDICTION

Blood test or imaging scan can determine whether


somebody is addicted to drug or alcohol or smoking, and to
what degree.
Blood test-This may be ordered to determine whether
the substance is still in blood [whether the substance has been
taken recently], it is not used to diagnose addiction.
A GP [general practitioner, primary care physician] can
help the patient determine their degree of dependence by
asking patients questions, or using a specific questionnaire.
• How many cigarettes do you smoke per day.
• If you had to give up, which cigarette would you miss the
[e.g the first one in the morning].
• If you are ill, with a bad cold or flu, do you still take drug
or alcohol.
• Have you ever smoked more than you intended to.
• Have you ever neglected a duty because you were
smoking or so that you could have a cigarette.
TREATMENT OF ADDICTION

DO IT YOURSELF
Experts say about 30percentage pf people with an alcohol
problem manage to reduce their drinking or abstain without
seeking professional help. There is a great deal of material in
books and the internet that may help the self-helper.

COUNSELLING
A qualified counsellor can help the alcoholic talk through
his/her problems and then devise a plan to tackle the drinking.
CBT [cognitive behavioural therapy]is commonly used to treat
alcohol dependency.

DETOXIFICATION
The patient takes some medication to prevent withdrawal
symptoms [delirium tremens] which many alcoholics
experience when they give up drinking.
HISTORY OF ADDICTION

BEER
• Since the dawn of history, mankind has found ways to
relieve the daily life. In ancient Mesopotamia [the area
now known as Iraq], agriculture slowly began to flourish
and a large network of city states started to gain
prominence. With the cultivation of wheat and barley
came another product- BEER. After all the water wasn’t
particularly healthy, and the weak alcohol content in beer
killed off a lot of harmful organism in the water.
• While the beer wasn’t particularly strong, it also wasn’t
particularly nice, as the concept of sterility was unknown
in 3,000 BCE. However, beer was consumed in bulk.
Consequently, addiction to alcohol was rampant in the so
called cradle of civilization, and people during that time
generally lived much shorter lives thanks to disease and
presumably, drunkenness.

OPIUM
Throughout the time that beer was gaining popularity, the
Indians, Assyrians and Egyptians were cultivating and
preparing opium from the opium poppy. Indeed, although
some users are much less benign. One Egyptian scroll
recommends using opium to soothe a crying baby.
HALLUCINOGENS AND NATURAL HIGHS
Moving on 15 centuries, the ancient Greece used a special
form of mead [fermented honey] or beer to induce visions
known as mysteries. Naturally, there is something very
mystical in seeing hallucinations and plants containing
entheogens [natural chemicals that induce hallucinations]
have been widely cultivated throughout the world; these
include the peyote cactus, flyagaric and cannabis. clearly, this
is a form of drug abuse, although it was a socially acceptable
one at the time.

COCAINE
• During the second millennium, world trade started to be
more prominent. ships started sailing from china to
Europe-Marco Polo rediscovered major trade routes to
India and China, and in 1492, cocaine came to be major
product of trade.
• After that, the American continent became ripe for
development. Various conquistadors discovered the
drugs that kept the locals going, especially cocaine, which
was touted as a wonder cure for all ailments.
TOBACCO
One of the major drugs that came out of the new world was
tobacco. Sir Walter Raleigh famously introduced dried tobacco
leaves to England, where they were controlled and taxed
heavily. Again, abuse of tobacco led to very expensive
addictions, as it was a risky but incredibly profitable voyage for
those who made it over the Atlant.
CONCLUSIONS

Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and disability in


the world. Recent advances in neuroscience may help improve
policies to reduce the harm that the use of tobacco, alcohol
and other psychoactive drugs impose on society.
BIBILOGRAPHY
❖ https;//en.wikipedia.org
❖ https;//en.google.org
❖ class 12 NCERT textbook

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