P.B.

SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

Activity on
APPLICATIONS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS FOR ORDINARY
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Done by
REDDY TEJASWINI
203404
III MSCS A
Submitted to
M. VENKATA RAMANA MAM
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

INDEX
1
S.NO TOPICS PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 3

2 Applications for Laplace 3-4

transforms

3 Problem Solving 5-6

4 Problem solving 6-7

5 Conclusion 8

6 References 8

2
INTRODUCTION:
Laplace transformation is a mathematical tool which is used in the solving of differential equations by
converting it from one form into another form. Generally, it is effective in solving linear differential equation
either ordinary or partial. It reduces an ordinary differential equation into algebraic equation. Ordinary linear
differential equation with constant coefficient and variable coefficient can be easily solved by the Laplace
transformation method without finding the generally solution and the arbitrary constant. It is used in solving
physical problems. This involving integral and ordinary differential equation with constant and variable
coefficient. It is also used to convert the signal system in frequency domain for solving it on a simple and easy
way. It has wide applications in different fields of engineering and techniques besides basis sciences and
mathematics.

DEFINITION OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM:

Let F (t) is a well-defined function of t for all t ≥ 0. The Laplace transformation of F (t), denoted by f (p) or L
{F (t)}, is defined as
∞
L { F ( t ) }=∫ ⅇ
−Pt
F ( t ) ⅆt =f ( P )
0

Provided that the integral exists, i.e. convergent. If the integral is convergent for some value of p, then the
Laplace transformation of F (t) exists otherwise not.
Where p is the parameter which may be real or complex number and L is the Laplace transformation operator.
∞
F ( t ) ⅆt if p>a, if F (t) is continuous and lim {ⅇ F (t )}
−at
The Laplace transformation of F (t) i.e., ∫ ⅇ
− Pt
n→∞
0
is finite. It should however, be keep in mind that above condition are sufficient and not necessary.

APPLICATIONS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

 It is used to convert complex differential equations to a simpler form having polynomials.

 It is used to convert derivatives into multiple domain variables and then convert the polynomials back
to the differential equation using Inverse Laplace transform.
 It is used in the telecommunication field to send signals to both the sides of the medium. For example,
when the signals are sent through the phone then they are first converted into a time-varying wave
and then superimposed on the medium.
 It is also used for many engineering tasks such as Electrical Circuit Analysis, Digital Signal
Processing, System Modelling, etc.

3
  Solving initial value problems: solutions of linear differential equations with constant coefficients
STEP-1: Perform Laplace transform on both sides of the differential equation.
STEP-2: The initial value problem is converted to an algebraic equation.
STEP-3: Algebraic equation is solved.
STEP-4: Consider the inverse Laplace transform of this solution
STEP-5: This is the solution of the initial value problem.

LAPLACE TRANSFORM ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS:

4
Example 1: Solve the following IVP.

The first step in using Laplace transforms to solve an IVP is to take the transform of every term
in the differential equation.

of laplace tr Using the appropriate formulas from our table ansforms gives us the following.

Plug in the initial conditions and collect all the terms that have a Y(s) in them.

Solve for Y(s)

At this point it’s convenient to recall just what we’re trying to do. We are trying to find the
solution, y(t)y(t), to an IVP. What we’ve managed to find at this point is not the solution, but its
Laplace transform. So, in order to find the solution all that we need to do is to take the inverse
transform.

Before doing that let’s notice that in its present form we will have to do partial fractions twice.
However, if we combine the two terms up we will only be doing partial fractions once. Not only that,
but the denominator for the combined term will be identical to the denominator of the first term. This
means that we are going to partial fraction up a term with that denominator no matter what so we
might as well make the numerator slightly messier and then just partial fraction once.This is one of
those things where we are apparently making the problem messier, but in the process we are going
to save ourselves a fair amount of work!

5
Combining the two terms gives,

The partial fraction decomposition for this transform is,

Setting numerators equal gives,

Picking appropriate values of ss and solving for the constants gives,

Plugging in the constants gives,

Finally taking the inverse transform gives us the solution to the IVP

6
EXAMPLE2:
We now solve y } left (t right ) +2 {y} ^ {'} left (t right ) +6= {t} ^ {2 ¿
'
y ( t=0 )=2 ; y ( t=0 )=0
L¿

2 ' 6 2
s Y ( s ) −sy ( t=0 )− y ( t=0 )+ 2 sY ( s )−4+ = 3
s s

6 2
Y ( s ) ( s + 2 s ) =2 s+ 4− + 3
2
s s

2 s +4 6 2
Y ( s )= 2
− 2 + 3 2
s +2 s s(s +2 s ) s (s +2 s)

3 e−2t 3 + 1 −2 t t t 2 t 3 1
y ( t ) =2−(3t + − ) e + − + −
2 2 8 4 4 6 8

The significance of Laplace transforms for solving differential equations is that it can be used
a) For discontinuous forcing functions while the conventional method cannot be used for solving such
differential equations.
b) Initial conditions are used as a part of the transformation from differential to algebraic equation unlike the
conventional method which uses these initial conditions for evaluating the constants for complete solution of
the differential equations. For example, consider the conventional simple harmonic motion with damping. The
differential equation representing it is
2
d x dx
m 2
+b + kx=f (t)
dt dt

With m , b , k respectively as the mass, damping constant and the force constant. If the forcing term f (t) is not
a continuous function, it is still possible to solve this differential equation using Laplace transforms.
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Conclusion:
We have used the Laplace transformations in solving the various differential equations Here the Laplace
transformations has been applied in different areas of differential equations having variable co-efficient with
boundary conditions. The primary use of Laplace transformation of converting a time domain functions
into frequency domain function. Laplace transformation of elementary functions and Laplace transformation
derivative were discussed in details and found it is very effective tools to simplify the various differential
equations.

REFERENCES:

 B.V.Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics

 Dr. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics.
 Dr.S.K.Pundir, Engineering Mathematics with gate tutor.
 Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wiley, 1998.