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Complete PFD

This document describes the process of producing acetone through the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol. Key points: 1) Isopropyl alcohol is converted to acetone in a vapor phase catalytic reactor at 350°C and 2 bar pressure, with 85-92% single pass conversion. 2) Side reactions can also produce mesityl oxide and propene. 3) The required purity of acetone produced is 99.9% with a production rate of 32.3 kmol/hr. 4) Isopropyl alcohol is used as the raw material, and processing conditions must avoid the explosive limits of any mixtures formed.

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254 views

Complete PFD

This document describes the process of producing acetone through the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol. Key points: 1) Isopropyl alcohol is converted to acetone in a vapor phase catalytic reactor at 350°C and 2 bar pressure, with 85-92% single pass conversion. 2) Side reactions can also produce mesityl oxide and propene. 3) The required purity of acetone produced is 99.9% with a production rate of 32.3 kmol/hr. 4) Isopropyl alcohol is used as the raw material, and processing conditions must avoid the explosive limits of any mixtures formed.

Uploaded by

Ariff Fikri
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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APPENDIX 2 CAB 2093 Process Safety and Loss Prevention Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

ACETONE PRODUCTION
1. Background Nowadays, acetone is produced commercially by several processes such as dehydrogenation of Isopropyl alcohol and as co-product in the process for phenol from cumene. Acetone is an excellent solvent for a wide range of gums, waxes, resins, fats, grease, oils, dyestuffs and cellulosics. Acetone is being produce commercially during World War I. Production of acetone by dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol began in the early 1920s and remained the dominant production method until today. Acetone is important solvents findings many applications in the manufacture of paint, varnishes and pharmaceuticals. This project is feasibly attractive with respect to the growing market in our country as well as the South East Asia (SEA) region. 2. Process Description 2.1 General process description (CH3)2CHOH Isopropyl Alcohol (CH3)2CO Acetone + H2 H = 62.9 kJ/mol

Isopropyl alcohol is converted to acetone in a vapor phase tubular catalytic reactor. The heat of reaction is provided by hot molten salts circulating in the shell of the reactor. The acetone then will further react in series reaction to form Mesityl Oxide and water. Meanwhile, Isopropyl Alcohol will dehydrate to form propylene at higher temperature. The following reaction and side reactions are important.

2.2 Reaction chemistry (CH3)2CHOH Isopropyl Alcohol 2(CH3)2CO Acetone (CH3)2CHOH Isopropyl Alcohol 2.3 Reaction conditions Reaction type: Multiple catalytic reaction Reactor pressure: 200 kPa (2 bar) Reactor inlet temperature: 350oC (CH3)2CO Acetone (CH3)2CCHCOCH3 + H2O Mesityl Oxide CH3CH2CH + H2O Propene (3) (2) + H2 (1)

The reaction conditions are typically 2 bar and 350 oC, giving single pass conversion 85-92%. The dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol is endothermic and the heat of reaction is provided by molten salts. The molten salt is heated using furnace with natural gas as the fuel and air [11]. 2.4 Side reactions The acetone will further react to form Mesityl Oxide due to the use of Zink Oxide as catalyst. Meanwhile, the dehydration process will produce propylene at higher temperature.

2.5 Product purity The required acetone purity is set at 99.9 mole%. It might be possible to produce a range of acetone purities at different prices. However, since this is not required, the production rate of acetone is set at 32.3 kmol/h with 99.9 mole% purity as per required.

2.6 Raw materials The raw materials to be used are isopropyl alcohol. The product produce from the isopropyl alcohol must free from impurities especially benzene because the acetone will be used for the pharmaceutical applications.

2.7 Constraints For safety purpose, the main objective is to avoid processing conditions within the explosive limits of a mixture.

3. Additional Information 3.1 Process Flow Diagram

3.2 Stream Data

3.3 Major Equipment and Sizing


Tag No. R-100 Equipment Type Reactor Temperature = 400 C Pressure = 221kPa E-101 Reactor Effluent Cooler Condenser Temperature = 38.23C Condenser Pressure = 1560 kPa Reboiler Temperature = 43.87 C Reboiler Pressure = 1508 kPa
o

Standard Operating Condition

Equipment Sizing Diameter = 2.4 m Height = 7 m Volume = 26 m


3

Material Of Construction Stainless Steel

Diameter = 0.89 m Height= 19.6 m Number Stages of Stages =100 Tray spacing = 0.15 m

Carbon Steel

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