Current Electricity

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Definition of Current, Current densities & Drift velocities

A-1. The current through a wire depends on time as i = i0 +  sin t, where i0 = 10 A and  = A. Find the
2
charge crossed through a section of the wire in 3 seconds, and average current for that interval.

A-2. Estimate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area
1.0 × 10–7 m2 carrying a current of 1.5 A. Assume that each copper atom contributes roughly one
conduction electron. The density of copper is 9.0 × 103 kg m–3 and its atomic mass is 63.5 amu.

A-3. A current of 5 A exists in a 10  resistance for 4 minutes.

(i) How many coulombs and
(ii) How many electrons pass through any cross section of the resistor in this time?
Charge of the electron = 1.6 × 10–19 C.

Section (B) : Resistance

B-1. A cyllindrical conducting wire of radius 0.2 mm is carrying a current of 20 mA.
(a) How many electrons are transferred per second between the supply and the wire at one end?
(b) Write down the current density in the wire.

B-2. A battery sets up an electric field of 25 N/C inside a uniform wire of length 2 m and a resistance of 5 .
Find current through the wire.

B-3. (i) A potential difference of 200 volt is applied to a coil at a temperature of 15ºC and the current is
10 A. What will be the temperature of the coil when the current has fallen to 9 A, the applied voltage
1
being the same as before? Temperature coefficient of resistance  = ºC–1.
234
(ii) A platinum wire has resistance of 10 ohm at 0ºC and 20 ohm at 273 ºC. Find the value of
temperature coefficient of resistance.

B-4. The current-voltage graphs for a given metallic wire at two different temperature T 1 and T2 are shown in
the figure. Which one is higher, T1 or T2.

T1

T2

V
B-5. If a copper wire is stretched to make it 0.1% longer, what is the percentage change in its resistance ?

B-6 A rectangular carbon block has dimensions 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm × 50 cm.

(i) What is the resistance measured between the two square ends?
(ii) Between two opposing rectangular faces?
Resistivity of carbon at 20º C is 3.5 × 10–5 m.

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Current Electricity
Section (C) : Power, Energy, Battery, EMF, Terminal voltage & Kirchoff’s laws
C-1. In following diagram boxes may contain resistor or battery or any other element

then determine in each case

(a) E.m.f. of battery
(b) Battery is acting as a source or load
(c) Potential difference across each battery
(d) Power input to the battery or output by the battery.
(e) The rate at which heat is generated inside the battery.
(f) The rate at which the chemical energy of the cell is consumed or increased.
(g) Potential difference across box
(h) Electric power output across box.

C-2. A resistor with a current of 3 A through it converts 500 J of electrical energy to heat energy in 12 s.
What is the voltage across the resistor?

C-3. The figure shows the current  in a single-loop circuit with a battery B and
resistance R (and wires of negligible resistance). Then find the order of
following at the point a,b and c
(a) The magnitude of the current,
(b) The electric potential, and
(c) The electric potential energy of the charge carriers (electron), greatest first.

C-4. (a) A car has a fresh storage battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 5.0 × 10–2 . If the starter
draws a current of 90 A, what is the terminal voltage of the battery when the starter is on?
(b) After long use, the internal resistance of the storage battery increases to 500 . What maximum
current can be drawn from the battery? Assume the emf of the battery to remain unchanged.
(c) If the discharged battery is charged by an external emf source, is the terminal voltage of the battery
during charging greater or less than its emf 12 V?

C-5. 1 kW, 220 V electric heater is to be used with 220 V D.C. supply.
(a) What is the current in the heater?
(b) What is its resistance?
(c) What is the power dissipated in the heater.
(d) How much heat in calories is produced per second?
(e) How many grams of water at 100º C will be converted per minute into steam at 100º C with the
heater. (latent heat of vaporisation of water = 540 cal/g)] [J = 4.2 J/cal]

C-6.In following circuit potential at point ‘A’ is zero then determine

(a) Potential at each point
(b) Potential difference across each resistance
(c) Identify the batteries which act as a source
(d) Current in each battery
(e) Which resistance consumes maximum power
(f) Which battery consume or gives maximum power.

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Current Electricity
C-7. For the circuit shown in figure, find the voltage across 10  resistor and the current passing through it.

C-8. For the circuit shown in figure, determine the unknown voltage drop V1

C-9. A resistor develops 400 J of thermal energy in 10 s when a current of 2 A is passed through it.
(a) Find its resistance.
(b) If the current is increased to 4 A, what will be the energy developed in 20 s.
Find the current in 10  resistance, V1 and source voltage Vs in the circuit shown in figure (Vs = VA – VB)
C-10.

Section : (D) Combination of Resistance

D-1. Two electric bulbs, each designed to operate with a power of 500 watts in 220 volt line, are connected
in series with a 110 volt line. What will be the power generated by each bulb? [JEE 1977]

D-2. Two (non-physics) students, A and B living in neighboring hostel rooms, decided to economies by
connecting their bulbs in series. They agreed that each would install a 100 W bulb in their own rooms
and that they would pay equal shares of the electricity bill. However, both decided to try to get better
lighting at the other’s expense; A installed a 200 W bulb and B installed a 50 W bulb. Which student is
more likely to fail the end-of-term examinations?
D-3. All resistance in diagram (fig.) are in ohms. Find the effective resistance between the points A and B.
Q 3 R

3
3
P 6 6 S
6
3 3

A 3 B
D-4. In the given circuit determine 3 2 4
(a) Equivalent resistance (Including internal resistance).
(b) Current in each resistance
(c) Potential difference across each resistance
(d) The rate at which the chemical energy of the cell is consumed
(e) The rate at which heat is generated inside the battery
(f) Electric power output
(g) Potential difference across battery
(h) Which resistance consumes maximum power?
(i) Power dissipated in 3  resistance.
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Current Electricity
D-5. In given circuit determine
(a) Equivalent resistance (Including internal resistance).
(b) Current i, i1, i2 and i3
(c) Potential difference across battery and each resistance
(d) The rate at which the chemical energy of the cell is consumed
(e) The rate at which heat is generated inside the battery
(f) Electric power output
(g) Which resistance consumes maximum power ?
(h) Power dissipated across 4 resistance

D-6. (a) Determine the potential difference between X and Y in the circuit shown in Figure

(b) If intermediate cell has internal resistance r = 1 then determine the potential difference between
X and Y.
D-7. Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit given in figure between the following point :
(i) A and B
(ii) C and D
(iii) E and F
(iv) A and F
(v) A and C

D-8. An infinite ladder network of resistance is constructed with 1 and 2 resistance, as shown in figure.

(i) Show that the effective resistance between A and B is 2.

(ii) What is the current that passes through the 2 resistance nearest to the battery?

D-9. As shown in figure a variable rheostat of 2 k is used to control the potential difference across 500 ohm
load. (i) If the resistance AB is 500 , what is the potential difference across the load? (ii) If the load is
removed, what should be the resistance at BC to get 40 volt between B and C?

D-10. ABCD is a square where each side is uniform wire of resistance 1 . Find a point E on CD such that if a
uniform wire of resistance 1  is connected across AE and a potential difference is applied across A
and C, the points B and E will be equipotential.
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Current Electricity
D-11. Suppose you have three resistors of 20 , 50  and 100 . What minimum and maximum resistances
can you obtain from these resistors ?

D-12. Three bulbs, each having a resistance of 180 are connected in parallel to an ideal battery of emf
60 V. Find the current delivered by the battery when (a) all the bulbs are switched on, (b) two of the
bulbs are switched on and (c) only one bulb is switched on.

D-13. Consider the circuit shown in figure. Find the current through the 10 resistor when the switch S is
(a) opened (b) closed.
10 20

3V

Section (E) : Combination of Cells

E-1. Six lead-acid type of secondary cells, each of emf 2.0 V and internal resistance 0.015 , are joined in
series to provide a supply to a resistance of 8.5 . Determine : (i) the current drawn from the supply
and (ii) its terminal voltage.
E-2. In the figure each cell has an emf of 1.5 V and 
A > B
internal resistance of 0.40 . Calculate:
(i) current 
(ii) current in the 36  resistor 12 18 36 1.8
(iii) potential difference across A and B.

D C

E-3. In the circuit shown all five resistors have the same value 200 ohms and each cell has an emf 3 volts.
Find the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current for the terminals A and B.

E-4. Find the currents through the three resistors shown in figure.

E-5. Find the value of i1/i2 in figure if (a) R = 0.1 , (b) R = 1 (c) R = 10 . Note from your answer that in
order to get more current from a combination of two batteries they should be joined in parallel if the
external resistance is small and in series if the external resistance is large as compared to the internal
resistances.

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Current Electricity
Section (F) : Instrument
F-1. A galvanometer has a resistance of 30 ohm and a current of 2 mA is needed to give a full scale
deflection. What is the resistance needed and how is it to be connected to convert the galvanometer.
(a) Into an ammeter of 0.3 ampere range ?
(b) Into a voltmeter of 0.2 volt range ?

F-2. A voltmeter of resistance 400 is used to measure the potential

difference across the 100resistor in the circuit shown in the figure. (a)
What will be the reading of the voltmeter? (b) What was the potential
difference across 100  before the voltmeter was connected?

F-3. An electrical circuit is shown in the figure. Calculate the potential

difference across the resistance of 400 ohm, as will be measured by the
voltmeter V of resistance 400 ohm, either by applying Kirchhoff's rules
or otherwise.

F-4. A battery of emf 1.4 V and internal resistance 2  is connected to a resistor of 100  through an
ammeter. The resistance of the ammeter is 4/3 . A voltmeter has also been connected to find the
potential difference across the resistor.
(i) Draw the circuit diagram.
(ii) The ammeter reads 0.02 A. What is the resistance of the voltmeter?
(iii) The voltmeter reads 1.10 V, what is the zero error in the voltmeter?
(Hint : zero error = observed reading – actual reading)

F-5. In the figure the potentiometer wire AB of length L & resistance 9 r is joined to the cell D of e.m.f.  &
internal resistance r. The cell C's e.m.f. is /2 and its internal resistance is 2 r. The galvanometer G will
show no deflection then find length AJ :

F-6. Figure shows a 2.0 V potentiometer used for the determination of internal resistance of 1.5 V cell. The
balance point of the cell without 9.5  in the external circuit is 70 cm. When a resistor of 9.5  is used
in the external circuit of the cell, the balance point shifts to 60 cm length of the potentiometer wire.
Determine the internal resistance of the secondary cell.

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Current Electricity
F-7. Figure shows a potentiometer with a cell of emf 2.0 V and internal
resistance 0.04  maintaining a potential drop across the
potentiometer wire AB. A standard cell which maintains a constant emf
of 1.02 V (for very moderate currents up to a few ampere) gives a
balance point of 67.3 cm length of the wire. To ensure very low
currents drawn from the standard cell, a very high resistance of 600 k
is put in series with it which is shorted close to the balance point. The
standard cell is then replaced by a cell of unknown emf E and the
balance point found similarly turns out to be at 82.3 cm length of the
wire.
(a) What is the value of E ?
(b) What purpose does the high resistance of 600 k have ?
(c) Is the balance point affected by this high resistance?
(d) Is the balance point affected by the internal resistance of the driver cell?
(e) Would the method work in the above situation if the driver cell of the potentiometer had an emf of
1.0 V instead of 2.0 V?
(f) Would the circuit work well for determining extremely small emf, say, of the order of few mV (such
typical emf of thermocouple)?

F-8. Figure shows a metre bridge (which is nothing but a practical Wheatstone Bridge) consisting of two
resistors X and Y together in parallel with a metre long constantan wire of uniform cross-section. With
the help of a movable contact D, one can change the ratio of the resistances of the two segments of the
wire until a sensitive galvanometer G connected across B and D shows no deflection. The null point is
found to be at a distance of 30 cm from the end A. The resistor Y is shunted by a resistance of 12.0 
and the null point is found to shift by a distance of 10 cm. Determine the resistance of X and Y.

F-9. Connect a battery to the terminals and complete the circuit diagram so that it works as a potential
divider meter. Indicate the output terminals also. [IIT-JEE (Main) 2003, 2/60]

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : DefinItion of current, Current densities, Drift
A-1. The drift velocity of electrons in a conducting wire is of the order of 1mm/s, yet the bulb glows very
quickly after the switch is put on because
(A) The random speed of electrons is very high, of the order of 106 m/s
(B) The electrons transfer their energy very quickly through collisions
(C) Electric field is set up in the wire very quickly, producing a current through each cross section,
almost instantaneously
(D) All of above

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Current Electricity
A-2. In the presence of an applied electric field ( E ) in a metallic conductor.
(A) The electrons move in the direction of E
(B) The electrons move in a direction opposite to E
(C) The electrons may move in any direction randomly, but slowly drift in the direction of E .
(D) The electrons move randomly but slowly drift in a direction opposite to E .

A-3. The potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is 5 kV and the current through it is 3.2 mA. Then the
number of electrons striking the target per second is [IIT-JEE(Scr.) - 2002,3/105]
(A) 2 × 1016 (B) 5 × 1016 (C) 1 × 1017 (D) 4 × 1015

A-4 An electric current passes through non uniform cross-section wire made
of homogeneous and isotropic material. If the j A and jB be the current b
a
densities and EA and EB be the electric field intensities at A and B A
B
respectively, then
(A) jA > jB ; EA > EB (B) jA > jB ; EA < EB (C) jA < jB ; EA > EB (D) jA < jB ; EA < EB

Section (B) : Resistance

B-1. A piece of copper and another of germanium are cooled from room temperature to 80 K. The resistance of :
(A) each of the them increases (B) each of them decreases
(C) copper increases and germanium decreases (D) copper decreases and germanium increases

B-2. All the edges of a block in cuboidal shape with parallel

faces are equal. Its longest edge is twice its shortest edge.
The ratio of the maximum to minimum resistance between
parallel faces is:
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 8
(D) indeterminate unless the length of the third edge is specified.
Section (C) : Power, Energy, Battery, EMF and Terminal voltage
C-1. In an electric circuit containing battery, the positive charge inside the battery
(A) always goes from the positive terminal to the negative terminal
(B) may go from the positive terminal to the negative terminal
(C) always goes from the negative terminal to the positive terminal
(D) does not move.

C-2. If internal resistance of a cell is proportional to current drawn from the cell. Then the best representation
of terminal potential difference of a cell with current drawn from cell will be:

(A) (B) (C) (D)

C-3.

In which of the above cells, the potential difference between the terminals of a cell exceeds its emf.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d

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 Current Electricity
C-4. A resistor of resistance R is connected to a cell of internal resistance 5 . The value of R is varied from
1  to 5 . The power consumed by R:
(A) increases continuously (B) decreases continuously
(C) first decreases then increases (D) first increases then decreases.

C-5.In the figure a part of circuit is shown :

(A) current will flow from A to B
(B) current may flow from A to B
(C) current will flow from B to A
(D) the direction of current will depend on r.

C-6. (i) Find the current flowing through the resistance R1 of the circuit shown in figure if the resistances
are equal to R1 = 10 , R2 = 20 , and R3 = 30 , and the potentials of points 1, 2 and 3 are equal
to 1 = 10 V, 2 = 6 V, and 3 = 5 V.

(A) 0.1 A (B) 0.2 A (C) 0.3 A (D) 0.4 A

(ii) In the previous question potential at point 0 is
(A) 15 V (B) 20 V (C) 25 V (D) 8 V

C-7. In the figure shown the current flowing through 2 R is :

(A) from left to right (B) from right to left (C) no current (D) None of these

C-8. Find the current through the 10  resistor shown in figure

(A) zero
(B) 1A
(C) 2A
(D) 5A

C-9. The efficiency of a cell when connected to a resistance R is 60%. What will be its efficiency if the
external resistance is increased to six times?
(A) 80 % (B) 90% (C) 55% (D) 95%

Section (D) : Combination of Resistance

D-1. Two coils connected in series have resistances 600  and 300  at 20°C and temperature coefficient
of resistivity 0.001 K–1 and 0.004 K–1 respectively.
(a) The resistance of the combination at temperature 50°C is
(A) 426  (B) 954  (C) 1806  (D) 214 


(b) The effective temperature coefficient of the combination is

1 1 1 3
(A) degree–1 (B) degree–1 (C) degree–1 (D) degree–1
1000 250 500 1000

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Current Electricity
D-2. In the ladder network shown, current through the resistor 3  is 0.25 A. The input voltage ‘V’ is equal to

15
(A) 10 V (B) 20 V (C) 5 V (D) V
2
D-3. If 2 bulbs rated 2.5 W – 110 V and 100 W – 110 V are connected in series to a 220 V supply then
(A) 2.5 W bulb will fuse (B) 100 W bulb will fuse
(C) both will fuse (D) both will not fuse

D-4. In the figure shown each resistor is of 20  and the cell has emf
10 volt with negligible internal resistance. Then rate of joule
heating in the circuit is (in watts)
(A) 100/11
(B) 10000/11
(C) 11
(D) None of these

D-5. Arrange the order of power dissipated in the given circuits, if the same current is passing through the
system. The resistance of each resistor is ' r '. [IIT-JEE(Scr.) 2003, 3/84]

(i) (ii)

I
(iii) (iv) A B

(A) P2 > P3 > P4 > P1 (B) P1 > P4 > P3 > P2 (C) P1 > P2 > P3 > P4 (D) P4 > P3 > P2 > P1
D-6. Five identical resistors each of resistance 1  are initially arranged as
shown in the figure by clear lines. If two similar resistances are added
as shown by the dashed lines then change in resistance in final and
initial arrangement is
(A) 2  (B) 1  (C) 3  (D) 4 
D-7. Four identical bulbs each rated 100 watt, 220 volts are connected across a battery as shown. The total
electric power consumed by the bulbs is:

220V

(A) 75 watt (B) 400 watt (C) 300 watt (D) 400/3 watt
D-8. The current i in the circuit of figure is - [JEE 1983]
1 1
(A) amp. (B) amp.
45 15
1 1
(C) amp. (D) amp.
10 5

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Current Electricity
D-9. Three equal resistors connected in series across a source of emf together dissipate 10 watts of power.
What would be the power dissipated if the same resistors are connected in parallel across the same
source of emf ? [JEE 1972]
(A) 60 watt (B) 90 watt (C) 100 watt (D) 30 watt
D-10. The given Wheatstone bridge is showing no deflection in the
galvanometer joined between the points B and D (Figure).
Calculate the value of R.
(A) 25 
(B) 50 
(C) 40   
(D) 100 

D-11. Three equal resistance each of R ohm are connected as shown in figure. A battery of 2 volts of internal
resistance 0.1 ohm is connected across the circuit. Calculate the value of R for which the heat
generated in the exeternal circuit is maximum. [REE 1990]

R R R

2V
(A) 0.1  (B) 0.2  (C) 0.3  (D) 0.4 
D-12. A wire of resistance 0.1 ohm cm –1 bent to form a square ABCD of side 10 cm. A similar wire is
connected between the corners B and D to form the diagonal BD. Find the effective resistance of this
combination between corners A and C. If a 2V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected
across A and C calculate the total power dissipated. [JEE 1971]
(A) 1 , 3 W (B) 1 , 4 W (C) 2 , 3 W (D) 2 , 4 W

D-13.
In the circuit shown in figure the heat produced in the 5 resistor due to the current flowing through it is
10 calories per second. [JEE 1981; 2M]
4 6

5
The heat generated in the 4 resistor is :
(A) 1 cal/s (B) 2 cal/s (C) 3 cal/s (D) 4 cal/s
D-14. A 50 W bulb is in series with a room heater and the combination is connected across the mains. To get
max. heater output, the 50 W bulb should be replaced by :
(A) 25 W (B) 10 W (C) 100 W (D) 200 W
D-15. The equivalent resistance between the points A and B is :

36 85
(A)  (B) 10  (C)   (D) none of these
7 7
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Current Electricity
D-16. A battery of internal resistance 4 ohm is connected to the network of resistance as shown. In the order
that the maximum power can be delivered to the network, the value of R in ohm should be :

(A) 4/9 (B) 2 (C) 8/3 (D) 18

D-17. In these three circuits all the batteries are identical
and have negligible internal resistance, and all the
light bulbs are identical. Rank all 5 light bulbs (A, B,
C, D, E) in order of brightness from brightness to Battery
dimmest.
(A) A = B = C > D = E (B) A > B = C > D = E
(C) A = D = E > B = C (D) A = D = E > B > C

Section (E) : Combination of Cells

E-1. Two nonideal batteries are connected in parallel. Consider the following statements
(I) The equivalent emf is smaller than either of the two emfs.
(II) The equivalent internal resistance is smaller than either of the two internal resistance.
(A) Both I and II are correct (B) I is correct but II is wrong
(C) II is correct but I is wrong (D) Each of I and II is wrong.
E-2. 12 cells each having the same emf are connected in series and are kept in a closed box. Some of the
cells are wrongly connected. This battery is connected in series with an ammeter and two cells identical
with each other and also identical with the previous cells. The current is 3 A when the external cells
support this battery and is 2 A when the cells oppose the battery. How many cells in the battery are
wrongly connected?
(A) one (B) two (C) three (D) none of these
E-3. Two cells of e.m.f. 10 V & 15 V are connected in parallel to each other
between points A & B. The cell of e.m.f. 10 V is ideal but the cell of
e.m.f. 15 V has internal resistance 1. The equivalent e.m.f. between
A and B is:
25
(A) V (B) not defined
2
(C) 15 V (D) 10 V

E-4. N sources of current with different emf’s are connected as shown in figure. The
emf’s of the sources are proportional to their internal resistances, i.e. E = R,
where  is an assigned constant. The connecting wire resistance is negligible. The
potential difference between points A and B dividing the circuit in n and N – n links
(A) 0 (B) nE/2
(C) NE (D) (N – n)E

Section (F) : Instrument

F-1. The reading of voltmeter is

(A) 50V (B) 60 V (C) 40V (D) 80 V

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F-2. The length of a wire of a potentiometer is 100 cm, and the emf of its standard cell is E volt. It is
employed to measure the emf of a battery whose internal resistance is 0.5 ohm. If the balance point is
obtained at 30 cm from the positive end, the emf of the battery is [AIEEE 2003, 4/300]
30E 30E 30E
(A) (B) (C)
100 100.5 (100  0.5)
30(E  0.5i) 30(E  0.5i)
(D) , , where i is the current in the potentiometer
100 100

F-3.The current through the ammeter shown in figure is 1 A. If each of the 4

resistor is replaced by 2 resistor, the current in circuit will become
nearly :
10 5
(A) A (B)
9 4
9 5
(C) A (D) A
8 8

F-4. The ammeter shown in figure consists of a 480  coil connected in parallel to a 20  shunt. Find the
reading of the ammeter.

50 40 50 73
(A) A (B) A (C) A (D) A
73 53 93 50
F-5. A galvanometer together with an unknown resistance in series is connected to two identical batteries
each of 1.5 V. When the batteries are connected in series, the galvanometer records a current of 1A,
and when the batteries are in parallel the current is 0.6 A. What is the internal resistance of the battery?
[JEE 1973]
2 2 1 3
(A) r =  (B) r =  (C) r =  (D) r = 
3 5 3 2
F-6. A potentiometer wire of length 100 cm has a resistance of 10 ohm. It is connected in series with a
resistance and an accumulator of emf 2V and of negligible internal resistance. A source of emf of
10 mV is balanced against a length of 40 cm of the potentiometer wire. What is the value of external
resistance ? [JEE 1976]
(A) 890  (B) 600  (C) 650  (D) 790 
F-7. The meter-bridge wire AB shown in figure is 50 cm long. When AD = 30 cm, no
deflection occurs in the galvanometer. Find R.
(A) 1  (B) 2 
(C) 3  (D) 4 

F-8. The current in a conductor and the potential difference across its ends are measured by an ammeter
and a voltmeter. The meters draw negligible currents. The ammeter is accurate but the voltmeter has a
zero error (that is, it does not read zero when no potential difference is applied). Then the zero error is
(if the readings for two different conditions are 1.75 A, 14.4 V and 2.75 A, 22.4 V.)
(A) 0.4 volt (B) 0.8 volt (C) –0.4 volt (D) –0.8 volt

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Current Electricity
F-9.In the given circuit, no current is passing through the galvanometer. If the
cross-sectional diameter of the wire AB is doubled, then for null point of
galvanometer, the value of AC would be: [IIT-JEE(Scr.) 2003, 3/84]
(A) 2 X (B) X
X
(C) (D) None of these
2
F-10. In the circuit shown, P  R, the reading of the galvanometer is same with switch S open or closed. Then
[IIT-JEE 1999, 2/200]

(A) R = G (B) P = G (C) Q = G (D) Q = R

F-11. Salt water contains n sodium ions (Na+) per cubic meter and n chloride ions (Cl –) per cubic meter.
A battery is connected to metal rods that dip into a narrow pipe full of salt water. The cross sectional
area of the pipe is A. The magnitude of the drift velocity of the sodium ions is VNa and the magnitude of
the drift velocity of the chloride ions is VCl. Assume that VNa > VCl (+e is the charge of a proton).

What is the magnitude of the ammeter reading ?

(A) enAVNa – enAVCl (B) enAVNa + enAVCl (C) enAVNa (D) enAVCl

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Match the following :
The following table gives the lengths of four copper rods at the same temperature, their diameters, and
the potential differences between their ends.
Potential
Rod Length Diameter
Difference
1 L 3d V
2 2L d 3V
3 3L 2d 2V
4 3L d V
Correctly match the physical quantities mentioned in the left column with the rods as marked.
Column -  Column - 
(A) Greatest Drift speed of the electrons. (p) Rod 1
(B) Greatest Current (q) Rod 2
(C) Greatest rate of thermal energy produced (r) Rod 3
(D) Greatest Electric field (s) Rod 4

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Current Electricity
2. Match the statements in Column  with the current element in Column 
Column -  Column - 
(A) Current always flows from higher (p) A Resistor
potential to lower potential
(B) Energy dissipated in an element is (q) Ideal cell/Battery
always zero
(C) Current flow through the element is (r) Non-Ideal cell/Battery
always zero
(D) Potential difference may/will be zero (s) Short-circuited resistor

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. If a copper wire is stretched to make its radius decrease by 0.1%, the percentage change in its
resistance is approximately.
(A) – 0.4% (B) + 0.8% (C) + 0.4% (D) + 0.2%

2. The potential difference between the terminals of a battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance
1 drops to 9.8 V when connected across an external resistance. The resistance of the external
resistor is
(A) 49  (B) 25  (C) 31  (D) 43 

3. The two ends of a uniform conductor are joined to a cell of emf and some internal resistance. Starting
from the midpoint P of the conductor, we move in the direction of the current and return to P. The
potential V at every point on the path is plotted against the distance covered (x). Which of the following
best represents the resulting curve?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

4. A cell of emf E having an internal resistance r is connected to an external

resistance R. The potential difference V across the resistance R varies
with R as shown in figure by the curve :
(A) A (B) B
(C) C (D) D

5. In a circuit shown in figure resistances R1 and R2 are known, as well as emf’s

E1 and E2. The internal resistances of the sources are negligible. At what value
of the resistance R will the thermal power generated in it be the highest ?
(A) R1 + R2 (B) R1 – R2
R1R 2
(C) R1R2 (D)
R1  R 2

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6. A resistor R is connected to a parallel combination of two identical batteries each with emf E and an
internal resistance r. The potential drop across the resistance R is. [Olympiad 2016, Stage-1]

2ER ER ER 2ER
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2R  r R  2r 2R  r R  2r

7. The equivalent resistance between A and B will be (in )

(A) 2/7 (B) 8 (C) 4/3 (D) 7/3

8. A wire is in the form of a tetrahedron. The resistance of each edge is r.

The equivalent resistances between corners 1–2 and 1–3 are respectively
r r
(A) , (B) r, r
2 2
r r
(C) , r (D) r,
2 2

9. The equivalent resistance between points A and B is :

65 45 5 91
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 2
10. In the question find the resistance between points 1 – 3.
3 5
(A) R (B) R
4 6
3 6
(C) R (D) R
5 5

11. The effective resistance between points P and Q of the electrical

circuit shown in the figure is: [IIT-JEE(Scr.) 2002, 3/105]
2Rr 2R(R  r)
(A) (B)
Rr 3R  r
5R
(C) 2 r + 4 R (D) + 2r
2
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Current Electricity
12. A 100 W bulb B1 and two 60 W bulbs B2 and B3 are connected to a 250 V source as shown in the
figure. Now W 1, W 2 and W 3 are the output powers of the bulbs B1, B2 and B3 respectively. Then:
[IIT-JEE (Scr.) 2002, 3/105]

(A) W 1 > W 2 = W 3 (B) W 1 > W 2 > W 3 (C) W 1 < W 2 = W 3 (D) W 1 < W 2 < W 3

13. When a galvanometer is shunted with a 4 resistance, the deflection is reduced to one-fifth. If the
galvanometer is further shunted with a 2 wire, determine current in galvanometer now if initially
current in galvanometer is 0 (given main current remain same).
(A) 0/13 (B) 0/5 (C) 0/8 (D) 50/13
14. In the circuit shown the readings of ammeter and voltmeter are 4A and 20V respectively. The meters
are non-ideal, then R is

(A) 5    (B) less than 5 (C) greater than 5 (D) between 4 and 5.
15. In the circuit shown in figure reading of voltmeter is V 1 when only S1 is closed, reading of voltmeter is
V2 when only S2 is closed and reading of voltmeter is V3 when both S1 and S2 are closed. Then

(A) V3 > V2 > V1 (B) V2 > V1 > V3 (C) V3 > V1 > V2 (D) V1 > V2 > V3
16. If the reading of ammeter A3 in figure is 0.75 A. Neglecting the resistances of the ammeters, the reading
of ammeter A2 will be :

(A) 1.5 A (B) 3 A (C) 4.5 A (D) 6 A

17. In the previous question the reading of ammeter A1 will be :
(A) 6.75 A (B) 5.25 A (C) 3.75 A (D) 2.25 A

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Current Electricity
18. The resistance of the rheostat shown in figure is 30 . Neglecting the
ammeter resistance, the ratio of minimum and maximum currents
through the ammeter, as the rheostat is varied, will be :
2 83
(A) (B)
5 15
9 19
(C) (D)
43 43

19. An ammeter and a voltmeter are joined in series to a cell. Their readings are A and V respectively.
If a resistance is now joined in parallel with the voltmeter,
(A) both A and V will increase (B) both A and V will decrease
(C) A will decrease, V will increase (D) A will increase, V will decrease

20. An ammeter and a voltmeter are connected in series to a battery with an emf  = 6.0 V. When a certain
resistance is connected in parallel with the voltmeter, the reading of the voltmeter decrease
 = 2.0 times, whereas the reading of the ammeter increase the same number of times. Find the
voltmeter reading after the connection of the resistance.
(A) 2 V (B) 4V (C) 8V (D) 18V

21. A galvanometer has resistance 100and it requires current 100µA for full scale deflection. A resistor
0.1 is connected in parallel to make it an ammeter. The smallest current required in the circuit to
produce the full scale deflection is [IIT -JEE (Scr.) - 2005, 3/84]
(A) 1000.1 mA (B) 1.1 mA (C) 10.1 mA (D) 100.1 mA

22. Between which points should the terminals of unknown resistance be connected in a post office box
arrangement to get its value [IIT-JEE(Scr.) - 2004, 3/84]

(A) A and B (B) B and C (C) C and D (D) A andD

23. Let V and I be the readings of the voltmeter and the ammeter respectively as shown in the figure. Let
RV and RA be their corresponding resistance Therefore, [Olympiad (Stage-1) 2017]
RA
R

I
A
RV

V
V V V R  R A 
(A) R = (B) R = (C) R = RV – RA (D) R =
I  V  IR A
I 
 RV 

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Current Electricity
24. A 10 ohm resistor is connected to a supply voltage alternating between +4V and –2V as shown in the
following graph. The average power dissipated in the resistor per cycle is [Olympiad (Stage-1) 2017]

4
Voltage (V)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 Time (s)

–2

(A) 1.0 W (B) 1.2 W (C) 1.4W (D) 1.6W

25. Two cells each of emf E and internal resistance r1 and r2 respectively are connected in series with an
external resistance R. The potential difference between the terminals of the first cell will be zero when R
is equal to [Olympiad (Stage-1) 2017; AIEEE-2005, 4/300]
r r rr
(A) 1 2 (B) r12 – r22 (C) r1 – r2 (D) 1 2
2 r1  r2
26. In the post office box circuit, 10  plug is taken out in arm AB and 100  plug is taken out in arm BC.
If the unknown resistor is kept in melting ice chamber, 600  resistance is required in arm AD for zero
deflection in galvanometer. Now if the unknown resistor is kept at 100° C (steam chamber), 630 
resistance is required in arm AD for zero deflection. Temprature coefficient of resistance of the
unknown wire is :

(A) 2.5  10–4 / C° (B) 5  10–4/ C° (C) 7.5  10–4 / C° (D) 8  10–4 / C°

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PART – II : NUMERICAL VALUE
1. (a) The current density in a cylindrical conductor of radius R varies according to the equation
 r 
J = J0  1   , where r = distance from the axis. Thus the current density is a maximum J 0 at the axis
 R
2 J 
r = 0 and decreases linearly to zero at the surface r = . Current in terms of J0 is given by n  0 
  6
then value of n will be.
2. 1 m long metallic wire is broken into two unequal parts P and Q. P of the wire is uniformly extended into
another wire R. Length of R is twice the length of P and the resistance of R is equal to that of Q. Find
the ratio of the length of Q and P [REE 1996]

3. For a given resistance X in the figure shown the thermal power generated in ' Y ' is maximum when
Y = 4 . Then resistance X (in ) is:

10V,2

4. A series parallel combination of batteries consisting of a large number N = 300 of identical cells, each
with an internal resistances r = 0.3 , is loaded with an external resistance R = 10 . Find number ‘n’ of
parallel groups consisting of an equal number of cells connected in series, at which the external
resistance generates the highest thermal power.

5. The internal resistance of an accumulator battery of emf 6V is 10 when it is fully discharged. As the
battery gets charged up, its internal resistance decreases to 1. The battery in its completely
discharged state is connected to a charger which maintains a constant potential difference of 9V. The
current through the battery just after the connections are made is 1 and after a long time when it is
completely charged is 2. Find 101 + 2 in amperes.
6. A hemispherical network of radius a is made by using a conducting wire
of resistance per unit length 'r'. The equivalent resistance across OP is
   n
given by   ar the value of n will be :
 8 

7. Find the resistance in ohm of a wire frame shaped as a cube (figure) when measured between points
1-7 if each resistance is 6

8. The figure is made of a uniform wire and represents a regular five pointed star. The resistance of a
section EL is 2 ohm. Find the resistance in ohm of the star across F and C. (sin 18º ~ 1/3)

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Current Electricity
9. In the circuit shown in fig. E1 = 3 volt, E2 = 2 volt, E3 = 1 volt and R = r1 = r2 = r3 = 1 ohm. [JEE 1981]
(i) Find potential difference in Volt between the points A and B with A & B unconnected.
(ii) If r2 is short circuited and the point A is connected to point B through a zero resistance wire, find the
current through R in ampere.

10. The resistance of each resistor in the circuit diagram shown in figure is the same and equal to R = 1.
The voltage across the terminals is U = 7V. Determine the current i (Ampere) the leads if their
resistance can be neglected.

11. In the circuit shown in fig. E, F, G and H are cells of emf 2, 1, 3 and
1 volts and their internal resistances are 2, 1, 3 and 1 ohm respectively.
Calculate. [JEE 1981]

 13  n 
(i) The potential difference between B and D is given by   Volt
 13 
then valu of n will be.
n2
(ii) The ratio of potential difference across the terminals of the cell G to cell H is given by   the
 19 
value of n will be.

12. If the galvanometer in the circuit of figure reads zero, calculate the value of the resistor R (in k)
assuming that the 12 V source has negligible internal resistance.

13. Figure shows an arrangement to measure the emf  and internal

resistance r of a battery. The voltmeter has a very high resistance and
the ammeter has a very small resistance. The voltmeter reads 1.52 V
when the switch S is open. When the switch is closed the voltmeter
reading drops to 1.45 V and the ammeter reads 1.0 A. The internal
resistance of the battery in m will be ?

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Current Electricity
14. In the circuit shown, reading of the voltmeter connected across 400 resistance is 60V. If it is
connected across 300  resistance then reading in volt will be

15. In the given circuit the ammeter A1 and A2 are ideal and the ammeter A3 has a resistance of
 2n 
1.9 × 10–3 . If sum of readings of all three meters is given by   Ampere the value of n will be.
 27 

16. Two resistors, 400 , and 800  are connected in series with a 6 V battery. It is desired to measure the
current in the circuit. An ammeter of 10  resistance is used for this purpose. The reading of ammeter
N
will be A. Similarly, if a voltmeter of 1000  resistance is used to measure the potential
1210
P
difference across the 400  resistor, the reading of voltmeter is V. Then the value of N and P are :
19

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

1. A continuous beam of electrons emitted by a heating filament are accelerated in free space by an
electric field as shown in figure. The two stops at the left ensure that the electron beam has a uniform
cross-section. Which of the following is/are correct :
(A) Linear momentum of electron increases from A to B.
(B) The electric current is from right to left
(C) The magnitude of the current is same at A and B.
(D) The current density is same at A and B.

2. A current passes through a wire of non-uniform cross-section. Which of the following quantities are
independent of the cross-section?
(A) the charge crossing in a given time interval (B) drift speed
(C) current density (D) free-electron density.
3. When no current is passed through a conductor
(A) the free electrons do not move
(B) the average speed of a free electron over a large period of time is zero
(C) the average velocity of a free electron over a large period of time is zero
(D) the average of the velocities of all the free electrons at an instant is zero

4. The current density in a wire is 10 A/cm 2 and the electric field in the wire is 5 V/cm. If  = resistivity of
material,  = conductivity of the material then (in S.. units) :
(A)  = 5 × 103 (B)  = 200 (C)  = 5 × 103 (D)  = 200

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Current Electricity
5. A bulb is connected to an ideal battery of emf 10 V so that the resulting current is 10 mA. When the
bulb is connected to 220 V mains (ideal), the current is 50 mA. Choose the correct alternative (s)
(A) In the first case, the resistance of the bulb is 1k and in second case, it is 4.4 k.
(B) It is not possible since ohm’s law is not followed
(C) The increase in resistance is due to heating of the filament of the bulb when it is connected to
220 V mains
(D) None of these
6. The cross section area and length of a cylindrical conductor are A and  respectively is connected with

a voltage source V0. The conductivity varies as,  = 0 where x (0 < x < ) is the distance along the
x
axis of the cylinder from one of its end as shown in the figure. Choose the correct option :

(A) The electric resistance of cylinder along its axis is

20 A
V0 0 A
(B) The electric current in the wire will be
2
2V0 0
(C) The current density in the wire will be

2V0 V0
(D) The electric field in the wire at x in cylinder will be x
2
7. N cells each of e.m.f. E & identical resistance r are grouped into sets of K cells connected in series. The
(N/K) sets are connected in parallel to a load of resistance R, then;
NR
(A) Maximum power is delivered to the load if K = .
r
r
(B) Maximum power is delivered to the load if K =
NR
E2
(C) Maximum power delivered to the load is
4Nr
NE2
(D) Maximum power delivered to the load is
4r

8. In the circuit shown, the cell has emf = 10 V and internal resistance = 1 
(A) The current through the 3 resistor is 1 A.
(B) The current though the 3  resistor is 0.5 A
(C) The current through the 4resistor is 0.5 A.
(D) The current through the 4 resistor is 0.25 A

9. In the network shown, points A, B and C are potentials of 70 V,

zero and 10 V respectively.
(A) Point D is at a potential of 40 V
(B) The currents in the sections AD, DB, DC are in the ratio 3 : 2 : 1
(C) The currents in the sections AD, DB, DC are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3
(D) The network draws a total power of 200 W.
10. In the circuit shown in figure
(A) power supplied by the battery is 200 watt
(B) current flowing in the circuit is 5 A
(C) potential difference across 4  resistance is equal to the potential
difference across 6 resistance
(D) current in wire AB is zero 
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Current Electricity

11. A battery of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a

resistance R. Resistance R can be adjusted to any value greater
than or equal to zero. A graph is plotted between the current (i)
passing through the resistance and potential difference (V) across it.
Select the correct alternative (s)
(A) internal resistance of the battery is 5
(B) emf of the battery is 10 V
(C) maximum current which can be taken from the battery is 2 A
(D) V-i graph can never be a straight line as shown in figure.
12. Potential difference across the terminals of a non ideal battery is
(A) zero when it is short circuited
(B) less than its emf when current flows from negative terminal to positive terminal inside the battery
(C) zero when no current is drawn from the battery
(D) greater than its emf when current flows from positive terminal to negative inside the battery.

13. A cell of emf  and internal resistance r drives a current i through an external resistance R.
(A) The cell is generating i power
(B) Heat is produced in R at the rate i
(C) Heat is produced in R at the rate i  R 

R  r 

(D) Heat is produced in the cell at the rate i  r 


R  r 
14. In the given figure, E = 12V, R1 = 3, R2 = 2and r =1  . Then
choose the correct option/s
(A) potential of point M is 6V
(B) potential of point N is – 4V
(C) potential of point M is 12V
(D) current in wire AG is zero

15. In a potentiometer wire experiment the emf of a battery in the primary circuit is 20volt and its internal
resistance is 5. There is a resistance box (in series with the battery and the potentiometer wire)
whose resistance can be varied from 120 to 170. Resistance of the potentiometer wire is 75. The
following potential differences can be measured using this potentiometer
(A) 5V (B) 6V (C) 7V (D) 8V

16. By mistake, a voltmeter is placed in series and an ammeter in parallel with a

resistance in an electric circuit, with a cell in series.
(A) The main current in the circuit will be very low and almost all current will
flow through the ammeter, if resistance of ammeter is much smaller than
the resistance in parallel.
(B) If the devices are ideal, a large current will flow through the ammeter and it will be damaged
(C) If the devices (including battery) are ideal, ammeter will read zero current and voltmeter will read
the emf of cell
(D) The devices may get damaged if emf of the cell is very high and the meters are nonideal.

17. A micro-ammeter has a resistance of 100  and full scale range of 50 A. It can be used as a voltmeter
and an ammeter of a higher range provided a resistance is added to it. Pick the correct range and
resistance combination (s) :
(A) 50 V range with 10 k resistance is series (B) 10 V range with 200 k resistance in series
(C) 5 mA range with 1  resistance in parallel (D) 10 mA range with 1  resistance in parallel

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Current Electricity
18. Two cells of unequal emfs 1 and 2, and internal resistances r1 and r2 are joined as shown. VA and VB
are the potentials at A and B respectively.
(A) One cell will supply energy to the other
(B) The potential difference across both the cells will be equal
(C) The potential difference across one cell will be greater than its emf.
 r   r 
(D) VA  VB = 1 2 2 1
r1  r2

19. Three voltmeters, all having different resistances, are joined as shown.
When some potential difference is applied across A and B, their readings
are V1, V2, V3 :
(A) V1 = V2 (B) V1  V2
(C) V1 + V2 = V3 (D) V1 + V2 > V3
20. In the potentiometer arrangement shown, the driving cell D has
emf  and internal resistance r. The cell C, whose emf is to be
measured, has emf /2 and internal resistance 2r. The
potentiometer wire is 100-cm long. If balance is obtained at the
length AJ = . 

(A)  = 50 cm
(B) > 50 cm
(C) Balance will be obtained only if resistance of AB is  r.
(D) Balance cannot be obtained.
21. Choose the correct alternatives
(A) It is easier to start a car engine on a warm day than on a chilly cold day because the internal
resistance of battery decreases with rise in temperature
(B) It is more economical to transmit electric power at high voltage and low current rather than at low
voltage and high current because heat loss is proportional to square of current.
(C) The heating coil of an electric iron is enclosed in mica sheets because mica is a bad conductor of
heat and good conductor of electricity
(D) The heating coil of an electric iron is enclosed in mica sheets because mica is a good conductor of
heat and bad conductor of electricity.

22. Which of the following statement/s is/are correct of a source of emf (such as a primary cell) ?
[Olympiad 2015 (stage-1)]
(A) Inside the cell there always exist an electrostatic field and a non-electrostatic field of equal
magnitude directed opposite to it.
(B) Potential difference is the work of an electrostatic field whereas electromotive force is the work of a
non-electrostatic field.
(C) Under certain condition current can flow from positive terminal to negative terminal within the cell.
(D) When an external resistance is connected to the cell, the electrostatic field inside the cell decreases
in magnitude compared to the non-electrostatic field.

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Current Electricity

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
COMPREHENSION-1
In the circuit given below, both batteries are ideal. Emf E1 of battery 1 has a fixed value, but emf E2 of
battery 2 can be varied between 1.0 V and 10.0 V. The graph gives the currents through the two
batteries as a function of E2, but are not marked as which plot corresponds to which battery. But for
both plots, current is assumed to be negative when the direction of the current through the battery is
opposite the direction of that battery's emf. (Direction of emf is from negative to positive)

1. The value of emf E1 is

(A) 8 V (B) 6 V (C) 4 V (D) 2V

2. The resistance R1 has value

(A) 10   (B) 20  (C) 30  (D) 40 
3. The resistance R2 is equal to :
(A) 10   (B) 20  (C) 30  (D) 40 
COMPREHENSION-2
A network of resistance is constructed with R1 and R2 as shown in the figure. The potential at the points
1, 2, 3,........, N are V1, V2, V3,........., Vn respectively each having a potential K time smaller than
previous one. Find:

 R1   R2 
4.   ×  in terms of K.
 R 2   R3 
1 K –1
(A) K–1 (B) K2 – 1 (C) (D)
K 1 K 1

5. Current that passes through the resistance R2 nearest to the V0 in terms V0, K and R3.
 (K  1)  V0  (K  1)  V0  (K  1)  V0  (K  1)  V0
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
 K 2  R3  K  R3  K 2  R3  K 2  R3

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COMPREHENSION-3
A nichrome wire AB, 100 cm long and of uniform cross section is mounted on a meter scale the points
A and B coinciding with 0 cm and 100 cm marks respectively. The wire has a resistance S = 50 ohm.
Any point C along this wire, between A and B is called a variable point to which on end of and electrical
element is connected. In the following questions this arrangement will be referred to as 'wire AB'.
[Olympiad 2016 Stage-1]
6. The emf of a battery is determined using the following circuit with 'wire AB'. The galvanometer shows
zero deflection when one of its terminals is connected to point C. If the internal resistance of the battery
is 4 ohm, its emf is [Olympiad 2016 Stage-1]
battery

40 cm
A C B
1.5 V
G
(A) 3.75 volt (B) 4.05 volt (C) 2.50 volt (D) 9.0 volt
7. In the circuit adjacent arrangement it is found that deflection in the galvanometer is 10 divisions. Also
the voltage across the 'wire AB' is equal to the across the galvanometer. Therefore, the current
sensitivity of the galvanometer is about. [Olympiad 2016 Stage-1]
A B

1.5 V
G
10 k
(A) 0.050 div/A. (B) 0.066 div/A (C) 0.0140 div/A (D) data insufficient
8. In the adjacent circuit a resistance R is used. Initially with 'wire AB' not in the circuit, the galvanometer
shows a deflection of d divisions. Now, the 'wire AB' is connected parallel to the galvanometer and the
galvanometer shows a deflection nearly d/2 divisions. Therefore % [Olympiad 2016 Stage-1]
A B

1.5 V

R
SG
(A) R = G (B) R << G (C) R >> G (D) R 
SG
COMPREHENSION-4
Group of question Nos 9 to 12 are based on the following paragraph and its subsequent continuation
of after some question.
The following question are concerned with experiments of the characterization and use of a moving coil
galvanometer.
The series combination of variable resistance R, one 100  resistor and moving coil galvanometer is
connected to a mobile phone charger having negligible internal resistance. The zero of the
galvanometer lies at the centre and the pointer can move 30 division full scale on either side depending
on the direction of current. The reading of the galvanometer is 10 divisions and the voltages across the
galvanometer and 100 resistor are respectively 12 mV and 16 mV.
9. The figure of merit of the galvanometer is microampere per division is :
(A) 16 (B) 20 (C) 32 (D) 10
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Current Electricity
10. The resistance of the galvanometer is ohm is :
(A) 50  (B) 75  (C) 100 (D) 80
The series combination of the galvanometer with a resistance of R is connected across an ideal voltage
supply of 12 V and this time the galvanometer shows full scale deflection of 30 divisions.

11. The value of R is nearly

(A) 12.5 k  (B) 25 k (C) 75 k (D) 100 k

12. A 24  resistance is connected to a 5 V battery with internal resistance of 1. A 25 k resistance is

connected in series with the galvanometer and this combination is used to measure the voltage across
the 24  resistance. The number of divisions shown in the galvanometer is
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. Consider a thin square sheet of side L and thickness t, made of a material of resitivity . The resistance
between two opposite faces, shown by the shaded areas in the figure is : [IIT-JEE 2010; 3/163, –1]

t.
L

(A) directly proportional to L (B) directly proportional to t

(C) independent of L (D) independent of t
2. Incandescent bulbs are designed by keeping in mind that the resistance of their filament increases with
increase in temperature. If at room temperature, 100 W, 60 W and 40 W bulbs have filament
resistances R100, R60 and R40, respectively, the relation between these resistance is :
[IIT-JEE 2010; 3/163, –1]
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A)   (B) R100 = R40 + R60 (C) R100 > R60 > R40 (D)  
R100 R 40 R 60 R100 R60 R 40

3. To verify Ohm's law, a student is provided with a test resistor RT, a high resistance R1, a small
resistance R2, two identical galvanometers G1 and G 2, and a variable voltage source V. The correct
circuit to carry out the experiment is : [IIT-JEE 2010; 3/163, –1 ]

(A) (B)

R1 R2
G1 G1

G2 G2
RT RT

(C) R2 (D) R1

V V
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Current Electricity
4. When two identical batteries of internal resistance 1each are connected in series across a resistor R,
the rate of heat produced in R is J1. When the same batteries are connected in parallel across R, the
rate is J2. If J1 = 2.25 J2 the value of R in  is : [IIT-JEE 2010; 3/163]

5. Two batteries of different emfs and different internal resistances are connected as shown. The voltage
across AB in volts is [IIT-JEE 2011; 4/160]

6*. For the resistance network shown in the figure, choose the correct option(s).
[JEE 2012; Paper-1, 4/66]

(A) The current through PQ is zero. (B) I1 = 3 A.

(C) The potential at S is less than that at Q. (D) I2 = 2 A.

7*. Heater of electric kettle is made of a wire of length L and diameter d. It takes 4 minutes to raise the
temperature of 0.5 kg water by 40K. This heater is replaced by a new heater having two wires of the
same material, each of length L and diameter 2d. The way these wires are connected is given in the
options. How much time in minutes will it take to raise the temperature of the same amount of water by
40K ? [JEE (Advanced) 2014, 3/60, –1]
(A) 4 if wires are in parallel (B) 2 if wires are in series
(C) 1 if wires are in series (D) 0.5 if wires are in parallel.

8*. Two ideal batteries of emf V1 and V2 and three resistances R1, R2
and R3 are connected as shown in the figure. The current in
resistance R2 would be zero if [JEE (Advanced) 2014, 3/60, –1]
(A) V1 = V2 and R1 = R2 = R3
(B) V1 = V2 and R1 = 2R2 = R3
(C) V1 = 2V2 and 2R1 = 2R2 = R3
(D) 2V1 = V2 and 2R1 = R2 = R3

9. A galvanometer gives full scale deflection with 0.006 A current. By connecting it to a 4990 resistance,
2n
it can be converted into a voltmeter of range 0-30 V. If connected to a  resistance, it becomes an
249
ammeter of range 0-1.5 A. The value of n is. [JEE (Advanced) 2014, 3/60]

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Current Electricity
10. During an experiment with a metre bridge, the galvanometer shows a null point when the joceky is
pressed at 40.0 cm using a standard resistance of 90 , as shown in the figure. The least count of the
scale used in the meter bridge is 1 mm. The unknown resistance is [JEE (Advanced) 2014, 3/60, –1]

(A) 60  0.15 (B) 135  0.56 (C) 60  0.25 (D) 135  0.23

11. In an aluminum (Al) bar of square cross section, a square hole is drilled and is filled with iron (Fe) as
shown in the figure, The electrical resistivities of Al and Fe are 2.7× 10–8  m and 1.0 × 10–7  m,
respectively. The electrical resistance between the two faces P and Q of the composite bar is
[JEE (Advanced) 2015 ; 4/88, –2]

2475 1875 1875 2475

(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
64 64 49 132

12. In the following circuit, the current through the resistor R (= 2) is  Amperes. The valeu of  is :
[JEE (Advanced) 2015 ; P-2,4/88]

6.5V

13. Consider two identical galvanometers and two identical resistors with resistance R. If the internal
resistance of the galvanometers RC < R/2, which of the following statement(s) about any one of the
galvanometers is(are) true ? [JEE (Advanced) 2016 ; P-2, 4/62, –2]
(A) The maximum voltage range is obtained when all the components are connected in series
(B) The maximum voltage range is obtained when the two resistors and one galvanometer are
connected in series, and the second galvanometer is connected in parallel to the first galvanometer
(C) The maximum current range is obtained when all the components are connected in parallel
(D) The maximum current range is obtained when the two galvanometers are connected in series, and
the combination is connected in parallel with both the resistors.
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Current Electricity
Paragraph for Question Nos. 14 to 15
Consider an evacuated cylindrical chamber of height h having rigid conducting plates at the ends and
an insulating curved surface as shown in the figure. A number of spherical balls made of a light weight
and soft material and coated with a conducting material are placed on the bottom plate. The balls have
a radius r << h.
Now a high voltage source (HV) is connected across the A
conducting plates such that the bottom plate is at +V0 and the
top plate at –V0. Due to their conducting surface the balls will
get charged, will become equipotential with the plate and are –
repelled by it. The balls will eventually collide with the top plate, HV
where the coefficient of restitution can be taken to be zero due
to the soft nature of the material of the balls. The electric field +
in the chamber can be considered to be that of a parallel plate
capacitor. Assume that there are no collisions between the
balls and the interaction between them is negligible. (Ignore
gravity) [JEE (Advanced) 2016 ; P-2, 3/62]
14. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) The balls will execute simple harmonic motion between the two plates
(B) The balls will bounce back to the bottom plate carrying the opposite charge they went up with
(C) The balls will bounce back to the bottom plate carrying the same charge they went up with
(D) The balls will stick to the top plate and remain there

15. The average current in the steady state registered by the ammeter in the circuit will be
(A) proportional to V02 (B) proportional to V01/2
(C) proportional to the potential V0 (D) zero
16. A moving coil galvanometer has 50 turns and each turn has an area 2 × 10–4 m2. The magnetic field
produced by the magnet inside the galvanometer is 0.02T. The torsional constant of the suspension
wire is 10–4 Nm rad–1. When a current flows through the galvanometer, a full scale deflection occurs if
the coil rotates by 0.2 rad. The resistance of the coil of the galvanometer is 50. This galvanometer is
to be converted into an ammeter capable of measuring current in the range 0 – 1.0A. For this purpose,
a shunt resistance is to be added in parallel to the galvanometer. The value of this shunt resistance, in
ohms, is __________. [JEE (Advanced) 2018 ; P-2, 3/60]

17. Two identical moving coil galvanometers have 10  resistance and full scale deflection at 2A current.
One of them is converted into a voltmeter of 100 mV full scale reading and the other into an Ammeter of
1mA full scale current using appropriate resistors. These are then used to measure the voltage and
current in the Ohm's law experiment with R = 1000 resistor by using an ideal cell. Which of the
following statement(s) is/are correct ? [JEE (Advanced) 2019 ; P-1, 4/62, –1]
(A) The resistance of the Voltmeter will be 100 k
(B) The resistance of the Ammeter will be 0.02  (round off to 2nd decimal place)
(C) If the ideal cell is replaced by a cell having internal resistance of 5 then the measured value of R
will be more than 1000 
(D) The measured value of R will be 978 < R < 982 

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. Two conductors have the same resistance at 0ºC but their temperature coefficients of resistance are
1 and 2. The respective temperature coefficients of their series and parallel combinations are nearly
[AIEEE 2010, 8/144]
  2   2 12   2 1  2
(1) 1 , 1 + 2 (2) 1 + 2, 1 (3) 1 + 2, (4) 1 ,
2 2 1  2 2 2

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Current Electricity
2. If a wire is stretched to make it 0.1% longer, its resistance will : [AIEEE 2011, 4/120, –1]
(1) increase by 0.05% (2) increase by 0.2% (3) decrease by 0.2% (4) decrease by 0.05%

3. The current in the primary circuit of a potentiometer is 0.2 A. The specific resistance and cross-section
of the potentiometer wire are 4 × 10–7 ohm metre and 8 × 10–7 m2 respectively. The potential gradient
will be equal to : [AIEEE 2011, 11 May; 4/120, –1]
(1) 1 V/ m (2) 0.5 V/m (3) 0.1 V/m (4) 0.2 V/m

4. Two electric bulbs marked 25W – 220V and 100W – 220 V are connected in series to a 440 V supply.
Which of the bulbs will fuse ? [AIEEE 2012 ; 4/120, –1]
(1) both (2) 100W (3) 25W (4) neither

5. The supply voltage to room is 120 V. The resistance of the lead wires is 6 . A 60 W bulb is already
switched on. What is the decrease of voltage across the bulb, when a 240 W heater is switched on in
parallel to the bulb ? [JEE (Main) 2013, 4/120]
(1) zero Volt (2) 2.9 Volt (3) 13.3 Volt (4) 10.04 Volt

6. This questions has Statement  and Statement . Of the four choices given after the Statements,
choose the one that best describes the two Statements. [JEE (Main) 2013, 4/120]
Statement-: Higher the range, greater is the resistance of ammeter.
 Statement-: To increase the range of ammeter, additional shunt needs to be used across it.
(1) Statement- is true, Statment - is true, Statement - is the correct explanation of Statement-.
(2) Statement- is true, Statment -  is true, Statement - is not the correct explanation of Statement-.
(3) Statement- is true, Statment -  is false.
(4) Statement- is false, Statment -  is true.
7. In a large building, there are 15 bulbs of 40W, 5 bulbs of 100 W, 5 fans of 80 W and 1 heater of 1 kW.
The voltage of the electric mains is 220 V. The minimum capacity of the main fuse of the building will
be: [JEE (Main) 2014 ; 4/120, –1]
(1) 8 A (2) 10 A (3) 12 A (4) 14 A

8. When 5V potential difference is applied across a wire of length 0.1 m, the drift speed of electrons is
2.5 × 10–4 ms–1. If the electron density in the wire is 8 × 1028 m–3, the resistivity of the material is close
to : [JEE (Main) 2015; 4/120, –1]
(1) 1.6 × 10 m
–8
(2) 1.6 × 10 m
–7
(3) 1.6 × 10 m
–6
(4) 1.6 × 10–5 m

9. A galvanometer having a coil resistance of 100  gives a full scale deflection, when a current of 1 mA is
passed through it. The value of the resistance, which can convert this galvanometer into ammeter
giving a full scale deflection for a current of 10 A, is : [JEE (Main) 2016; 4/120, –1]
(1) 2  (2) 0.1  (3) 3  (4) 0.01 

10. 2V 2V 2V

1  1  1 

2V 2V 2V
In the above circuit the current in each resistance is : [JEE (Main) 2017, 4/120, –1]
(1) 0 A (2) 1 A (3) 0.25 A (4) 0.5 A

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Current Electricity
11. Which of the following statements is false ? [JEE (Main) 2017, 4/120, –1]
(1) Krichhoff's second law represents energy conservation.
(2) Wheatstone bridge is the most sensitive when all the four resistance are of the same order of
magnitude
(3) In a balanced wheatstone bridge if the cell and the galvanometer are exchanged, the null point is
disturbed
(4) A rheostat can be used as a potential divider.

12. When a current of 5mA is passed through a galvanometer having a coil of resistance 15, it shows full
scale defection. The value of the resistance to be put in series with the galvanometer to convert it into a
voltmeter of range 0 – 10 V is : [JEE (Main) 2017, 4/120, –1]
(1) 4.005 × 10 
3
(2) 1.985 × 10 3
(3) 2.045 × 10 3
(4) 2.535 × 103 

13. Two batteries with e.m.f 12V and 13V are connected in parallel across a load resistor of 10. The
internal resistance of the two batteries are 1 and 2 respectively. The voltage across the load lies
between [JEE (Main) 2018, 4/120, –1]
(1) 11.4V and 11.5 V (2) 11.7V and 11.8V (3) 11.6V and 11.7V (4) 11.5V and 11.6V
14. In a potentiometer experiment, it is found that no current passes through the galvanometer when the
terminals of the cell are connected across 52cm of the potentiometer wire. If the cell is shunted by
resistance of 5 , a balance is found when the cell is connected across 40 cm of the wire. Find the
internal resistance of the cell. [JEE (Main) 2018; 4/120, –1]
(1) 2    (2) 2.5  (3) 1  (4) 1.5 
15. On interchanging the resistances, the balance point of a meter bridge shifts to the left by 10 cm. The
resistance of their series combination is 1K. How much was the resistance on the left slot before
interchanging the resistances ? [JEE (Main) 2018; 4/120, –1]
(1) 550   (2) 910   (3) 990   (4) 505
16. A resistance is shown in the figure. Its value and tolerance are given respectively by :
[JEE (Main) 2019; 4/120, –1]

(1) 270, 5% (2) 27 k, 20% (3) 270 , 10% (4) 27 k, 10%

17. The resistance of the meter bridge AB in given figure is 4. With a cell of emf  = 0.5 V and rheostat
resistance Rh = 2 the null point is obtained at some point J. When the cell is replaced by another one
of emf =2 the same null point J is found for Rh = 6 . The emf2 is, : [JEE (Main) 2019; 4/120, –1]



A B
J

6V

Rh
(1) 0.5 V (2) 0.3 V (3) 0.4 V (4) 0.6 V

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Current Electricity
dR
18. In a meter bridge, the wire of length 1m has a non–uniform cross–section such that, the variation
d
dR 1
of its resistance R with length  is  . Two equal resistances are connected as shown in the
d
figure. The galvanometer has zero deflection when the jockey is at point P. What is the length AP ?

[JEE (Main) 2019; 4/120, –1]

R' R'

G
P

A B
 1–

(1) 0.2 m (2) 0.3 m (3) 0.25 m (4) 0.35 m

19. The galvanometer deflection when key K1 is closed but K2 is open, equals 0 (see figure). On closing K2

also and adjusting R2 to 5, the deflection in galvanometer becomes 0 . The resistance of the
5
galvanometer is, then, given by [Neglect the internal resistance of battery] :
[JEE (Main) 2019; 4/120, –1]

k2 R2

220
G

k1
(1) 5  (2) 12  (3) 25 (4) 22 
20. In a building there are 15 bulbs of 45 W, 15 bulbs of 100 W, 15 small fans of 10 W and 2 heaters of
1 kW. The voltage of electric main is 220 V. The minimum fuse capacity (rated value) of building will be:
[JEE (Main) 2020, 07 January; 4/100, –1]
(1) 20 A (2) 15 A (3) 10 A (4) 25 A
21. The length of a potentiometer wire is 120 cm and it carries a current of 60 mA. For a cell of emf 5V and
internal resistance of 20, the null point on it is found to be at 1000 cm. The resistance of whole wire is:
[JEE (Main) 2020, 08 January; 4/100, –1]
(1) 60  (2) 120 (3) 100 (4) 80

22. A galvanometer having a coil resistance 100 gives a full scale deflection when a current of 1mA is
passed through it. What is the value of the resistance which can convert this galvanometer into a
voltmeter giving full scale deflection for a potential difference of 10 V ?
[JEE (Main) 2020, 08 January; 4/100, –1]
(1) 8.9 k (2) 10 k  (3)9.9 k  (4)7.9 k

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Current Electricity

EXERCISE-1 Section (D)

125
D-1. = 31.25 watt
PART - I 4
Section (A) D-2. PA = 8 W & PB = 32 W, A is more likely to fail
his examinations
31 D-3. Rf = 2.
A-1. 31 C, A
3 D-4. (a) R = 10  (b) 1A in each (c) V3 = 3V,
A-2. 1.1 × 10–3 ms–1 or 1.1 mm s–1 V2 = 2V, V4 = 4V (d) 10 W (e) 1 W (f) 9W
A-3. (i) Q = 1200 C (ii) n = 75 x 1020 (g) 9V (h) 4  resistance (i) 3 W.
D-5. (a) R = 3 
Section (B)
1 1
2 1 (b) i = 2A, i1 = A, i2 = 1A, i3 = A
B-1. (a) n=  1017 =1.25× 1017 (b)  106 A/m2 2 2
1.6 2 (c) V = 4V in each (d) 12 W
n2 (e) 4W (f) 8 W (g) 4 (h) 4W
B-2. 10 A. B-3. (i) 41ºC (ii) ºC–1.
273 D-6. (a) 3.7 V (b) 3.7 V
B-4. T2 B-5. 0.2 % D-7. (i) RAB = 5/6  (ii) RCD = 1.5 
0.35 (iii) REF = 1.5  (iv) RAF = 5/6 
B-6 (i) R = = 0.175  (ii) R = 7 x 10-5  (v) RAC = 4/3 
2
150
D-8. (ii) 1.5 A D-9. (i) = 21.43 V (ii) 1600 
Section (C) 7
C-1. (a) E = 10 V each D-10. CE: ED = 2 : 1 D-11. 12.5 , 170 
(b) (A) act as a source and (B) act as load D-12. (a) 1 A (b) 2/3 A (c) 1/3 A
(c) VA = 9V, VB = 11 V D-13. (a) 0.1 A (b) 0.3 A
(d) PA = 9 W, PB = 11 W Section (E)
(e) Heat rate = 1 W each 12 12  8.5
(f) 10 W each E-1. (i) = 1.4 A, (ii) = 11.9 V
8.59 8.59
(g) 9V, 11V
1 1
(h) –9W, 11 W E-2. (i) = 0.5 A (ii) = 0.0833 A
2 12
125
C-2. V 1
9 (iii) 1.5   0.4 = 1.7 V
2
C-3. (a) all equal (b) b, then a and c equal E-3. VB – VA =21/5 = 4.2 V,
(c) a, c equal, b  = 35/2 mA = 17.5 mA (B to A)
C-4. (a) 7.5 V, (b) 24 mA (c) greater than 12 V. E-4. zero in the upper 4 resistor and 0.2 A in the
50 22  11 rest two.
C-5. (a) = 4.55 A (b) = 48.4 
11 5 1.2 10.5
E-5. (a) = 0.57 (b) 1 (c) =1.75
(c) 1000 W (d) 240 cal s-1 2.1 6
(e) 80/3 gm
C-6. (a) VA = VB = VC = VD = 0 V,
Section (F)
VE = VF = VG = VH = 10 V, V = VJ = VK = 15 V
(b) V1 = 15 V, V2 = 5V, V3 = 15 V F-1.
(c) each act as a source
(d) 17.5 A (), 15A() 2.5 A (), 5A () from
left to right in given circuit. 30  2  103
(a) S = = 0.2013 
(e) 1  resistance 0.3  2  103
(f) left most battery.
(b) R = 70  
25 5
C-7. V = 2.78 V, A = 0.278 A C-8. 19 V
9 18
C-9. (a) 10 . (b) 3200 J
C-10. 5 A, 74 V, 49 V (+ve terminal is connected at 20
F-2. (a) 24 V, (b) 28 V F-3. V
point B) 3
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Current Electricity

EXERCISE-2
PART - I
F-4. (i)
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B)
4. (B) 5. (D) 6. (A)
7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (B)
4 10. (A) 11. (A) 12. (D)
(ii) 200  (iii) 1.1– = –0.23 V 13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (B)
3
16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (A)
 70  9.5
F-5. 5L/9 F-6.   1  9.5 = ohm 19. (D) 20. (A) 21. (D)
 60  6 22. (D) 23. (B) 24. (A)
F-7. (a) 1.25 V, (b) saving of galvanometer from 25. (C) 26. (B)
damage and to prevent the cell discharging
fast (c) No, (d) Yes, (e) No, (f) No PART - II
20 20 1. 08.00 2. 04.00 3. 03.00
F-8. x= , Y= 
7 3 4. 03.00 5. 06.00 6. 02.00
7. 05.00 8. 02.00
9. (i) 02.00 (ii) 02.00 10. 15.00
F-9. 11. (i) 11.00 (ii) 19.0012. 02.00 
13. 70.00 14. 45.00 15. 58.00
16. 6.00 & 30.00


PART - II PART - III

Section (A) 1. (A)(B)(C)(D) 2. (A)(D) 3. (C)(D)
A-1. (C) A-2. (D) A-3. (A) 4. (A)(D) 5. (A)(C) 6. (A)(C)(D)
A-4 (A) 7. (A)(D) 8. (A)(D) 9. (A)(B)(D)
10. (A)(C) 11. (A)(B)(C) 12. (A) (B) (D)
Section (B) 13. (A)(C)(D) 14. (A)(B)(D)
B-1. (D) B-2. (B) 15. (A)(B)(C) 16. (A)(C)(D)
17. (B)(C) 18. (A)(B)(C)(D) 19. (B)(C)
Section (C) 20. (B) (C) 21. (A)(B)(D) 22. (B) (C) (D)
C-1. (B) C-2. (D) C-3. (B)
C-4. (A) C-5. (B) C-6. (i) (B) PART - IV
(ii) (D) C-7. (B) C-8. (A)
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D)
C-9. (B)
4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (B)
Section (D) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (A)
D-1. (a) (B) (b) (C) D-2. (B) 10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (D)
D-3. (A) D-4. (C) D-5. (A)
D-6. (A) D-7. (A) D-8. (C) EXERCISE-3
D-9. (B) D-10. (A) D-11. (C) PART - I
D-12. (B) D-13. (B) D-14. (D) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C)
D-15. (C) D-16. (B) D-17. (C) 4. 4 5. 5 6. (A)(B)(C)(D)
Section (E) 7. (B)(D) 8. (A)(B)(D)9. 5
E-1. (C) E-2. (A) E-3. (D) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. 1
E-4. (A) 13. (B)(C) 14. (B) 15. (A)
16. 5.56 or 5.55 17. (2) (4) 
Section (F) 
F-1. (C) F-2. (A) F-3. (A) PART - II
F-4. (A) F-5. (C) F-6. (D)
F-7. (D) F-8. (A) F-9. (B) 1. (4) 2. (2) 3. (3)
F-10. (A) F-11. (B) 4. (3) 5. (4) 6. (4)
7. (3) 8. (4) 9. (4)
PART - III 10. (1) 11. (3) 12. (2)
13. (4) 14. (4) 15. (1)
1. (A) q, (B) p, (C) p, (D) q
16. (4) 17. (2) 18. (3)
2. (A) p ; (B) q, s ; (C) s ; (D) p, r, s
19. (4) 20. (1) 21. (3)
22. (3)
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