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The Structure of The Atom

The document discusses the structure of atoms, including that atoms are made up of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains that protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The number of protons determines the element, and atoms of the same element have the same number of protons but can vary in the number of neutrons.

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Carl Blake
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64 views

The Structure of The Atom

The document discusses the structure of atoms, including that atoms are made up of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains that protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The number of protons determines the element, and atoms of the same element have the same number of protons but can vary in the number of neutrons.

Uploaded by

Carl Blake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure of the Atom

GRADE 9
• Define the term atom and
Objectives elements
• Describe atoms and show
atoms contains protons,
neutrons and electrons
• State the respective
charges of protons and
electrons.
• Explain the difference
between an element and a
compound
• Construct at least 5
different elements.
Parts of An Atom
https://wordwall.net/play/25740/013/491
The Subatomic Particles

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcRFuLGzOrw
Atom
Atom comes from the Greek
word atomos, which means
indivisible.
An atom is the smallest unit
of ordinary matter that forms
a chemical element.
Everything is made
from atoms, including you.
Atoms are tiny particles that
are far too small to see, even
with a microscope.
Element
An element is a substance whose atoms
all have the same number of protons:
another way of saying this is that all of a
particular element's atoms have the same
atomic number.
An ELEMENT is a pure substance made
up of one type of atom.
There are 118 elements in the periodic
table.
Compound
Compounds are formed when
two or more different
elements are combined.
Example: CO2, H2O etc...
For example, water is a
compound of hydrogen and
oxygen.
Example of
Compounds in
everyday life
Parts of An Atom

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpBb2bgFO6I
The Atom
Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: ELECTRONS, PROTONS

and NEUTRONS.

An atom is ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL because the number of electrons

(negative charges) equals the number of protons (positive charges).


Atomic Structure
The Nucleus
1) It’s in the middle of the
atom
2) It contains protons and
neutrons
3) It has a positive charge
because of the protons.
4) Almost the whole mass of
the atom is concentrated
in the nucleus.
Atomic Structure
The Electrons 1) Move around the nucleus
2) They’re negatively charged.
3) They’re tiny, but they cover a
lot of space.
4) The volume their orbits
occupy determines how big
the atom is.
5) They have virtually no mass.
6) They occupy shells around the
nucleus.
7) These shells explain the whole
of chemistry.
Atoms are made up of particles called:
Subatomic ❑ Protons
Structure ❑ Neutrons
❑ electrons
Proton, Neutron and Electron
AMU- atomic mass unit
Electron Shell Rules
1) Electrons always occupy SHELLS or
ENERGY LEVELS.

1) The LOWEST energy levels are ALWAYS


FILLED FIRST.

1) Only a certain number of electrons are


allowed in each shell:
1st shell: 2
2nd shell: 8
3rd shell: 8
Electron Shell Rule Cont’d
4) Atoms are much HAPPIER
when they have FULL electron
shells.

4) In most atoms the OUTER


SHELL is NOT FULL and this
makes the atom want to
REACT.
An atom of
Nuclear notation
an element
can be
represented
using
nuclear
notation;
We just need to know these two
Atomic Number and Mass Number simple numbers

THE MASS NUMBER 23


- Total of Protons and Neutrons
Na
THE ATOMIC NUMBER 11
- Number of Protons (and electrons)
1) The atomic number tells you how many protons there are.

1) This also tells you how many electrons there are.

1) To get the number of neutrons – just subtract the atomic number


from the mass number.

1) The mass number is always the biggest number. It tells you the
relative mass of the atom.

1) The mass number is always roughly double the atomic number.

1) Which means there’s about the same number of protons as


neutrons in any nucleus.
Mass number
The mass number (A) of
an atom, is the total
number of nucleons
(protons and neutrons) in
its nucleus. It is also
called atomic
mass number or nucleon
number.
Atomic Number
The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus
of an atom. The number of protons define the identity of an
element (i.e., an element with 6 protons is a carbon atom, no
matter how many neutrons may be present).
•The number of protons determines how many electrons
surround the nucleus, and it is the arrangement of these
electrons.
# of Protons= # of Electrons
•all atoms of a given element have the same number of
protons
Calculating
the Number
of Neutrons
Build An Atom
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/b
uild-an-atom_en.html

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