ANP1105 Final Exam Review – Study Group

The Respiratory System

1. Since mucus providing cells and cilia are sparse in the bronchioles and alveoli, how does
the body remove microorganisms that make their way into the respiratory zone?
a. Answer: Alveolar Macrophages crawl freely along internal alveolar surfaces
2. Which of the following pressures rises and falls with the phases of breathing, but
eventually equalizes with atmospheric pressure?
a. Answer: Intrapulmonary pressure *know what this is*
3. Relationship between pressure and volume?
a. Boyle’s Law
4. The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called
a. Answer: Inspiratory reserve
5. True or false: atelectasis (lung collapse) renders the lung useless for ventilation
a. Answer: True
6. Predict which way exercise would shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.
Would this shift in the curve increase or decrease hemoglobin saturation?
a. Answer: the curve would shift to the right thus decreasing the hemoglobin
saturation.
7. Which of the following stimuli is the most powerful respiratory stimulant to increase
respiration?
a. Answer: Rising carbon dioxide levels
8. True or false: the Hering-Breuer reflex is a potentially dangerous response that may cause
over-inflation of the lung
a. Answer: false
9. The vocal fold are attached to:
a. Answer: the vocal folds laterally border the glottis and span the arytenoid and
thyroid cartilages
10. On its way to the pulmonary alveoli, inspired air comes in contact with various kinds of
epithelia in the sequence:
a. Stratified squamous, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, simple
cuboidal, and simple squamous epithelia.
11. True or false: of the 3 pharyngeal regions, only the oropharynx serves both the respiratory
and digestive systems
a. Answer: false
12. True or false: the larynx is composed of 9 paired cartilage
a. Answer: false
13. Of the following serious membranes, the one that lines the thoracic walls and the thoracic
surface of the diaphragm is:
a. Answer: The parietal pleura
14. The pleurae perform all of the following function except that of:
a. Answer: diffusing respiratory gases
15. Tonsils that lie at the base of the tongue are called:
a. Answer: lingual tonsils
16. The “wind” is knocked out of a football player because of a hard blow to the thorax or
abdomen, the air is actually forced out of his lungs is:
a. Answer: the residual volume.

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 17. When a person takes a very deep breath of air just prior to diving into water, this volume
of air is referred to as:
a. Answer: the inspiratory reserve volume
18. The principal respiratory center that directly controls breathing is located in:
a. Answer: the medulla oblongata
19. Which of the following does (do) not contain respiratory chemoreceptors:
a. Answer: Lungs. Monitoring of respiratory activity occurs in sites other than the
lungs.
20. The disease that causes breakdown of the pulmonary alveoli, thus increasing the size of
the air spaces and decreasing the surface area is called:
a. Answer: Emphysema.
21. Diagram Question
a. Larynx is the voice box.
22. The pharyngeal tonsils are also known as adenoids
23. Mucus secreting goblet cells occur throughout most of the upper respiratory tract.
24. Thin walled pulmonary alveoli permit gas exchange between the respiratory and
circulatory systems.
25. Surfactant produced by type 2 alveolar cells, reduces alveolar surface tension.
26. The mediastinum is the area between the lungs.
27. The visceral pleural cavity is a serious membrane that adheres to the outer surface of the
lungs.
28. Ventilation is directly controlled by the rhythmicity center in the medulla
29. The diaphragm is the principal muscle of inspiration.
30. “dust cells” that wander in and out of the alveoli, picking up bacteria, carbon particles
and other debris are actually macrophages

Lymphatic System
1. Lymph flows:
a. Answer: Towards the heart only
2. Which of the following is not a mechanism that aids lymph return:
a. Answer: the pumping action of the heart
3. Lymph from the left arm would return to the heart through the:
a. Answer: thoracic duct
4. Lymph tissue
a. Answer: contains many lymphocytes. Filters blood or lymph, contains fine
reticular fibers, and is found in the spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes.
5. Which of the following is not true of lymph nodes?
a. Answer: they have valves similar to those found in veins
6. The fluid that is forced out of the capillary bed by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and
into the tissues spaces is called:
a. Answer: lymph
7. The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are
a. Answer: Peyer’s patches
8. Which of the delivers lymph into the junction of the intera…
a. Answer: Thoracic Duct
9. Which of the following lacks lymph capillaries?

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 a. Answer: bones and teeth
10. True or false: the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, and Peyer’s patches are referred to as
MALT.
a. Answer: False

Cumulative Review
1. Which of the following mature cells do not multiply and have the longest life-span?
a. Answer: neurons
2. The plasma membrane:
a. Answer: contains protein channels and receptors
3. Which of the following is an inclusion and not an organelle?
a. Answer: Glycogen. Inclusion is something that is brought into the cell.
4. Elements likely to be found in dense CT proper include:
a. Answer: Ground substance, fibroblasts, and collagen fibers
5. Select the correct statement regarding epithelia:
a. Answer: simple squamous epithelia are present in the blood vessels and the
alveoli of the lungs.
6. Which of the following form electrical synapses and are involved in cell-cell
communication?
a. Answer: Gap Junctions
7. Myelination of axons in the CNS:
a. Answer: speeds up impulse connections because it jumps, jumping in-between
8. When depolarization reaches threshold, action …
a. Answer: Axon Hillock
9. The central nervous system contains:
a. Answer: the brain and spinal cord
10. The striations of a skeletal muscle cell are produced, for the most part, by:
a. Answer: the arrangement of myofilaments
11. The basic contractile unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is:
a. Answer: a sarcomere
12. Which of the following covers actin’s active sites when the muscle is relaxed?
a. Answer: tropomyosin

Midterm 2 Review
1. When the cardiac output = 15L/min, and the HR= 100 beats/min, the stroke volume
equals:
a. Answer: 150 mL
2. The purpose of a positive feedback is to:
a. Answer: to push a process towards the achievement of a goal
3. The integration center of the autonomic nervous system is the:
a. Answer: hypothalamus
4. The endocrine control system that directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and
nutrients is:
a. Answer: Humoral stimulation
5. Which blood type is the universal donor?
a. Answer: O

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 6. Together, leukocytes and platelets comprised ..
a. Answer: 1
7. Each hemoglobin molecules consists of:
a. Answer: 4 polypeptide chains
8. The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right …
a. Answer: pump blood with greater volume
9. The frank Starling Law of the heart states that:
a. Answer: stroke volume is directly related to venous return
10. T waves on ECG represent:
a. Answer: Repolarization of the ventricles
11. Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle:
a. Answer: Has gap junctions that allow it to function as a functional syncytium
12. The second heart sound signals the start of which phase of the cardiac cycle?
a. Answer: isovolumetric relaxation. The second sound is the closure of the
semilunar valve

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