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Module 2 (Topic 1-Kirchhoff's Laws Method)

The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two fundamental laws in circuit analysis developed by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1845. [1] Kirchhoff's Current Law states that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving. [2] Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the sum of voltages around any closed loop is equal to zero. The document provides examples of using these laws to analyze circuits and calculate current values.

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KIN RED CUERDO
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84 views5 pages

Module 2 (Topic 1-Kirchhoff's Laws Method)

The document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two fundamental laws in circuit analysis developed by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1845. [1] Kirchhoff's Current Law states that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving. [2] Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the sum of voltages around any closed loop is equal to zero. The document provides examples of using these laws to analyze circuits and calculate current values.

Uploaded by

KIN RED CUERDO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2: Network Analysis

Topic 1: Kirchhoff’s Laws Method

In 1845, a German physicist, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, developed a pair of laws that
deal with the conservation of current and energy within electrical circuits. These two laws
are commonly known as Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Law. These laws help
calculate the electrical resistance of a complex network or impedance in the case
of AC and the current flow in different network streams.

 Kirchhoff’s First Law and Kirchhoff’s Junction or Node Rule. According to the
Junction rule, the total of the currents in a junction is equal to the sum of currents
outside the junction in a circuit.
 Kirchhoff’s Second Law and Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule. According to the loop rule,
the sum of the voltages around the closed loop is equal to null.

A node refers to a junction connecting two or more current-carrying routes like cables
and other components.
Kirchhoff’s First Law or Kirchhoff’s Current Law
According to Kirchhoff’s Current Law,

The total current entering a junction or a node is equal to the total


current leaving the junction or node.

 Positive (+) – for all the currents entering a common junction or node.
 Negative (-) – for all the currents leaving a common junction or node.

𝑰𝟏 + 𝑰𝟐 + 𝑰𝟑 = 𝑰𝟒 + 𝑰𝟓

Kirchhoff’s Second Law or Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law


According to Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law,
The voltage around a loop equals the sum of every voltage drop in the
same loop for any closed network and equals zero.

𝜮𝑽′ 𝒔 + 𝜮𝑰𝑹′ 𝒔 = 𝟎

Example 1:
Find the current flowing in each resistor using the branch currents I1, I2 and I3.

Solution:
The circuit has 3 branches, 2 nodes (A and B) and 3 independent loops.
Using KCL the equations are given as:
At node A: I1 + I2 – I3 = 0 ; I1 + I2 = I3
At node B: – I1 – I2 + I3 = 0 ; I3 = I1 + I2
Using KVL the equations are given as:

Tracing the inner left loop of the circuit, starting from the left corner and moving clockwise
direction.
Loop 1 is given as: V1 – R1I1 – R3I3 = 0

V1 = R1I1 + R3I3 ; 10 = 10I1 + 40I3 ….. eq.1


Tracing the inner right loop of the circuit, starting from the right corner and moving
counter-clockwise direction.
Loop 2 is given as: V2 – R2I2 – R3I3 = 0

V2 = R2I2 + R3I3 ; 20 = 20I2 + 40I3 ….. eq.2

Tracing the outer left loop of the circuit, starting from the left corner and moving clockwise
direction.
Loop 3 is given as: V1 – V2 – R1I1 + R2I2 = 0

V1 – V2 = R1I1 – R2I2 ; – 10 = 10I1 – 20I2


As I3 is common to both equations 1 and 2 and the sum of I1 + I2 we can rewrite the
equations as;
Eq. No 1: 10 = 10I1 + 40(I1 + I2) = 50I1 + 40I2

Eq. No 2: 20 = 20I2 + 40(I1 + I2) = 40I1 + 60I2


Solving the two “Simultaneous Equations” that can be reduced to give us the values
of I1 and I2
10 = 50I1 + 40I2
20 = 40I1 + 60I2
Ans. I1 = – 0.143 A. (← I1 = 0.143 A.) ; I2 = 0.429 A.
I3 = I1 + I2 = – 0.143 + 0.429 = 0.286 A.
Check: Using eq. 1, 10 = 10I1 + 40I3
10 = 10(- 0.143) + 40(0.286)
10 = 10.01

Examples 2:

Examples 3:

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