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Early Muslim
Community
By Sir Zilal Ahmed
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Ten Blessed Companions

Hazrat Abu Bakar(RA)
● His real name was Abdul Kaaba and he was named Abdullah by the
Holy Prophet(SAW).
● He was the first free adult man to accept Islam. The Holy
Prophet(SAW) said: “Whenever I invited someone towards Islam
he showed reluctance but Abu Bakr believed me without
argument.”
● Even before accepting Islam, he used to live a pious life and did not
do idol worship.
● He was one of the few literates of Makkah and used to mediate
between people.
● He was a rich cloth merchant.
● He was the first person to confirm the Miraj on which the Holy
Prophet(SAW) granted him the title of Al-Siddiq.
● |He bought many Muslim slaves and set them free, including Hazrat
Bilal(RA).
● He had 40000 dirhams when he accepted Islam but at the time time
migration, he had 5000 dirhams left.
● He accompanied the Holy Prophet(SAW) on his journey of migration.
His son used to bring the information about Quraish and his daughter
used to prepare food for them, when they stayed at Saur.
● He cleaned the cave of Saur and filled all the holes from his Shirt.
Also placed his foot on an unfilled hole. A snake stung on his foot but
he did not move as the Holy Prophet(SAW) was sleeping and his
head was on his lap. His tears fell on the Prophet(SAW) then the
Prophet applied his saliva on his foot and the pain vanished. The holy
Quran in this regard says: “when they (Muhammad and Abu
Bakar) were in the cave , and he said to his companion (Abu
Bakr): “Be not sad (or afraid), surely Allah is with us…..”
● He was the one to pay the orphans for the plot of Masjid-e-Nabvi.

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● He was the father of the most beloved wife of the Holy

Prophet(SAW), Hazrat Ayesha(RA).
● The Prophet used to take suggestions from him on most of the events
especially in battles.
● He also supported the point of View of the Holy Prophet(SAW) at the
Treaty of Hudaibiyah.
● He brought all his wealth on the occasion of Tabuk when the Holy
Prophet(SAW) asked for contributions.
● He led the prayers (17 times) during the illness of the Prophet(SAW).
● He delivered the consolation speech on the demise of the
Prophet(SAW).
● He became the 1st Caliph of the Muslims after the demise of the Holy
Prophet(SAW).

Hazrat Umar Farooq(RA)

● He was a very brave, strong and influential person.
● He opposed the Islam initially.
● He had great command over literature.
● The Holy Prophet(SAW) once prayed to Allah to strengthen the Islam
with either Umar-Bin-Hasham(Abu Jahal) or with Umar-bin-Khattab.
Allah accepted it for Umar-bin-Khattab.
● Once he was going to kill the Prophet when he was informed that his
sister and her husband(Sayed bin Zayed) embraced Islam. He went
to their house and heard the voice of Khabbab(RA), reciting the
Quran. He started beating his sister and brother-in-law, but they
refused to renounce their faith. Umar then asked them to show what
they were reciting. It was surah Al-Taha. As he had sound knowledge
of literature, he realized that it could not be written by a human. It
could only be the words of Allah. So he went to the Prophet at Dar-e-
Arqam and accepted Islam.
● His acceptance of Islam turned the fortunes of Muslims and for the
first time, they offered prayers openly in front of Ka'ba. The
persecutions on them got reduced and they got confidence.
● He migrated to Madina openly and no one could dare to stop him.

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● He had the dream in which he was taught the words of Adhan.

● He also became the father-in-law of the Prophet as Hazrat Hafsa,
Umar’s daughter married to the Prophet.
● He was given the title of ‘Farooq’, the person who can distinguish
between truth and falsehood.
● Many of his suggestions to Prophet was endorsed by Allah in Quran
i.e. His suggestion to kill the captives of Badr, his suggestion to the
Prophet to ask his wives not to come in front of others as it was not
suitable for their honor. When the Prophet(SAW) was going to offer
the funeral of Abdullah bin Ubaiy,Umar tried to stop him but he
refused. Allah revealed the Quran and asked the Prophet not to
attend the funeral of hypocrites: “And never (O Muhammad) pray
(funral prayer) of them (hypocrites) who dies, nor stand at his
grave. Certainly they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger,
and died while they were Fasiqun (rebellious – disobedient to
Allah and His Messenger.)”
● The Prophet(SAW) said: “If there would be any prophet after me
Umar would be that prophet but I am that last messenger of
Allah.”
● He took part in battles and was present at most of the events
including the Treaty of Hudaibiyah.
● He wanted to fight with Quraish and considered it as injustice with
Muslims.
● He donated half of his wealth in Tabuk.
● He played an integral role in the first Ijma observed by Muslims that
was to elect Abu Bakr as the 1st caliph. He rejected the idea of two
caliphs, one from Muhajireen and one from Ansar and was first to
pledge on the hands of Abu Bakr.
● He also gave the idea of the compilation of the Quran.

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Hazrat Usman(RA):
● He belonged to the tribe of Banu Umayya.
● He was away from all bad practices even before embracing Islam.
● He accepted Islam on the invitation of Abu Bakr and became to first
to do so from Umayyas.
● He was also tortured by his uncles, was locked in a room and not
given any food or drink until he fainted but did not renounce his faith.
● He married to Prophets daughter, Ruqaiyya before migrating to
Abyssinia, and returned to Makkah, with some others after 2 years,
on hearing the false news of conversion of Quraish to Islam. The
others went back but he decided to stay in Makkah.
● He migrated to Madinah as well and got the honor double migration.
● He sensed that there was enough room for the Muslims in promoting
their trade in Madinah as most of the trade was handled by Jews. He
took it as an opportunity and soon established himself as the trader.
His business flourished and soon he became one of the richest men
in Madinah.
● In Madinah, he bought the only well of drinking water for Muslims
from a Jew at a premium price of 20000 dirhams, on which the
Prophet(SAW) gave him the tidings of Jannah.
● When Ali married Fatimah, Hazrat Usman bought his armor for 500
Dirhams from which Ali gave the dowry to Fatimah, then Usman
gifted it back to Ali as the wedding gift.
● He took part in all the battles except Badr as his wife Ruqaiyya was
not well.
● After the death of Ruqaiyya, he married Umm-e-Kulsoom, the other
daughter of the Prophet(SAW) and was given the title of Zunnurain.
After the death of Umme Kulsoom in 9th year of Hijra, the Prophet
said: “If I had any other daughter I would have given her in the
marriage of Usman.”
● He was so modest that the Holy Prophet(SAW) once said: “Even
angels appear with modesty in front of Usman.”

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● He was present at Hudaibiyah and was sent to Quraish to convey the

message of the Prophet(SAW) but on the rumor of his killing, the
Prophet took the pledge “Bait-e-Rizwan” to fight till death.
● He donated 1000 dinars and 200 camels laden with dates in Tabuk.
● He also used to write the revelations and wrote the Quran as well.
● During the famine in the tenure of Umar, he donated the whole
caravan of food. He possesses the title of GHANI based on his
generosity.

Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib (RA)

● He was the son of Abu Talib, the uncle and the guardian of the
Prophet(SAW).
● Ali was brought up by the Prophet(SAW) and was the 1 st child to
accept Islam.
● He saw the Prophet offering prayer with Khadija. On the explanation
and invitation of Prophet, he accepted Islam.
● When the Prophet started preaching to Banu Hashim, he supported
him although he was very young and everyone was opposing the
Prophet.
● The Prophet(SAW) left him in bed at the time of migration to return
the valuables of the people. The Quraish probed him but he did not
disclose anything, and later joined the Prophet at Quba.
● He was a great warrior, took part in many battles and won many
individual combats. He killed Marhab, the Jewish chieftain of the
battle of Khyber.
● He was given the title of Asadullah which means the lion of Allah.
● He was the scribe of the treaty of Hudaibiyah.
● He was appointed as the deputy of the Prophet at Tabuk.
● The Prophet (SAW) appointed him as Qazi (Judge) of Yemen and
prayed: “O Allah! Put truth on his tongue, and enlighten his heart
with the light of guidance.”
● He washed the body of the Prophet and lowered him into the grave.
● He played an integral role during different caliphates and the senior
Caliphs used to take his suggestions in different matters. He gave the

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idea to introduce Islamic Hijri Calendar and also he suggested Umar

(RA) to punish drinkers with 80 lashes.
● Henot only narrated 500 Ahadis, but also used to interpret the Quran
and helped in the legislation of Islamic laws.
● About his knowledge, the Holy Prophet(SAW) said: “I am the city of
knowledge and Ali is its gate.

Hazrat Zubair Ibn Al-Awwam (RA):

● He was the cousin of Prophet(SAW), son of Safiya Bint e Abdul
Muttalib, who was known for her bravery and taught her son to be the
same.
● He was one the few companions who migrated to both Abyssinia and
Madinah.
● He was one of the early converts to Islam.
● He took part in different battles and got severely injured in the battle
of Badr.
● During the battle of Trench, Zubayr volunteered himself to bring news
of Banu Quraiza to Muhammad, who responded, "Every Prophet
has a companion, and my companion is Zubayr.“
● He killed Yasir, the brother of Marhab in the Khyber Expedition.
● He was one of the six nominees of the caliphate after Umar but he
refused.
● After the martyrdom of Usman, he wanted Ali to take the Qisas
(Revenge) from the killers but Hazrat Ali (RA) at that time was
reluctant and wanted it to be done at the right time. Zubayr, along
with Talha and other companions including Hazrat Ayesha
campaigned against Ali which resulted in the Battle of Jamal (Camel)
in which Zubayr got martyred.

Hazrat Talha (RA)

● He was the grand nephew of Abu Bakr. And accepted Islam on his
invitation.
● He was amongst one of the earliest to accept Islam.
● He was tortured by the non-believers but did not renounce his faith.

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● He was known for his bravery.

● He took part in all the battles except Badr as he was sent outside
Madinah on a mission by the Prophet(SAW). But the Holy
Prophet(SAW) granted him with all the tidings that belonged to the
participants of Badr.
● He defended the Prophet in battle of Uhud and made himself shield
around him and got severely injured. He lost his fingers but took the
Prophet out of the ditch in which he had fallen, on which the Prophet
gave him the tidings of Jannah. The Holy Prophet(SAW) said: “ If
someone wants to see a living martyr he should see Talha.”
● He donated a big amount in Tabuk on which he was granted with the
title of Fayyaz by the Prophet(SAW).
● He used to participate in decision making during the caliphates.
● He was one of six nominees of the caliphate after Umar but he
declined.
● After the death of Usman, he along with Zubair, asked Ali to take the
Qisas of Usman’s blood. In the battle of Camel, he negotiated with
Ali, who agreed to take the Qisas at the right moment. He was not
fighting but mischief maker’s poisonous arrow hit him on his knee
which resulted in his death.

Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas(RA)

● He was the son of Prophet’s maternal uncle and belonged to Banu
Zuhra.
● He accepted Islam at a young age. He accepted the Islam on the
invitation of Abu Bakr. His mother, in protest, stopped eating but he
did not renounce his faith.
● He mastered the art of archery and also he was a very literate
person.
● One day in 614, the Muslims went along with the Prophet went to the
hill for worship. Some idol worshippers on observing them starting
taunting and abusing the Prophet. Eventually, Saad beat one of them
and killed him. He became the first person to shed blood in for Islam.

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● He lived with the Prophet during the boycott of Banu Hashim and
faced extreme hunger.
● He participated in all the battles during the lifetime of the
Prophet(SAW).
● He was the first person to shoot an arrow in the history of Islam.
● He defended the Prophet(SAW) with his arrow during the battle of
Uhud on which the Holy Prophet(SAW) said: “O Saad! Shoot the
arrows; may my mother and father be sacrificed on you.”
● He was leading the army of Muslims during the battle of Qadsiyya,
fought during the Caliphate of Umar(RA). He conquered Madain and
offered the Friday prayer at White Palace of Khusro Parvaiz.
● He was made governor of Kufa during the caliphate of Usman(RA).
● He did not participate in the battles of Camel and Siffin and lost
interest in politics after the death of Usman.
● He lived his last days in Madinah and died at the age of eighty in
55AH.

Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah(RA)

● He belonged to Quraish’s clan of al-Haris ibn Fihr and was
considered as one of the nobles of Quraish. He was known for his
bravery and modesty even before converting to Islam.
● His acceptance of Islam was not welcomed by his tribe so migrated to
Abyssinia.
● He was one of those who participated in both the migrations.
● In the battle of Badr, he came face to face to his father but killed him
for the sake of Islam.
● He was one the defenders of Prophet(SAW) in the Battle of Uhud and
lost two of his front teeth while trying to extract two links of Prophet's
armor that had penetrated into his cheeks.
● After the battle of Tabuk, a delegation from Najran arrived in Madinah
and showed their interest in Islam. They asked for a person who
could guide them in the religious matters. The Prophet(SAW)
appointed Abu Ubaidah to go with them.
● He was given the title of Ameen ul Ummah for his honesty.

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● He played an important role in the election of Abu Bakr as caliph.

● Abu Bakr appointed him the leader of Muslims army in Syria and
Palestine, which defeated the huge Roman army of 100000 and
Ajnadain.
● He defeated the Roman army and conquered Damascus during the
tenure of Umar(RA).
● He lived a very simple life and died due to plague. He was buried in
Jordan.

Hazrat Abdul Rehman Bin Auf(RA)

● His real name was Abdul Amr, which was changed to Abdul Rehman
by Holy Prophet (SAW), after his conversion to Islam
● He accepted Islam on the Invitation of Abu Bakr.
● He participated in the migration to Abyssinia.
● He came back to Makkah and again migrated to Madinah.
● He had a lot of wealth in Makkah but had to leave it before migrating
to Abyssinia but after migrating to Madina, although his Ansari
brother, Saad bin Bin Rabi offered him half of his wealth but he did
not accepted it and started his own business and soon became one
of the richest companions of the Prophet.
● He was sent to raid the Kald tribe by the Prophet(SAW) and
instructed him: “Take it Ibn Awf; fight everyone in the way of God
and kill those who disbelieve in God. Do not be deceitful with
the spoil; do not be treacherous, nor kill children. This is God’s
ordinance and the practice of His prophet among you.” He
defeated the Kalbites and asked them to pay Jizya.
● He participated in all the battles and got severely injured in Uhud.
● He was known for his generosity. Once he gave 700 camels in
charity.
● He once donated 1500 camels to Muslim army. He announced 400
dinars to the survivors of Badr and a large legacy to the widows of
Muhammad.
● He was one of the six nominees of the caliphate after Umar but he
refused and later was given the authority to choose the caliph

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between the other five nominees. He appointed Usman as the next

caliph.
● He died in Levan in AH during the tenure of Usman. He was buried in
Jordan.

Hazrat Saeed Bin Zaid(RA)

● His nickname was Abu-al-Aawar.
● He was born in 593-4AD.
● He was one of the early converts to Islam. He embraced at a very
young age, was even twenty then.
● His father, Zaid, had a very good character. He used to oppose idol
worshipping and killing of daughters.
● Saeed, in his early days served as the secretary to the Prophet and
used to record the verses that were revealed to the Prophet.
● He was brother-in-law of Hazrat Umar and played an important role in
his conversion to Islam.
● He took part in all the battles except Badr in which he was sent on a
spy mission along with Talha, to collect the information about Abu
Sufyan’s caravan, by the Prophet(SAW).
● Once he was appointed as the Governor of Damascus without his
consent. He wrote to Abu Ubaida that he was not suitable for the job
and wanted to join the forces for Jihad. Later he was replaced by
someone else and soon he joined the forces for Jihad.
● He played an important role in the battles against Romans.
● Umar did not nominate him for caliphate as he was his close relative.
● He did not take part in the battle of Camel and Siffin.
● He died at the age of seventy nine during the tenure of Muawiyah.

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Leading Companions of the

Prophet(SAW)
Abu Talib bin Abdul Muttalib
● He was the real uncle of the Prophet(SAW) and became his guardian
after the death of Prophet's grandfather, Abdul Muttalib.
● He loved the Prophet more than his own children.
● When was taking Prophet to Syria, Monk Bahira indicated about the
signs that Muhammad will be the next Prophet. He also sent Abu
Talib to send him back to Makkah. If Syrians would get to know about
this, they might hurt him.
● As he was the head of Banu Hashim, he used to give Jiwar, the tribal
protection to the Prophet.
● He always protected the Prophet against any conspiracies against
him.
● Once a delegation of Quraish came to him to complain about the
Prophet. He refused to help them. He said to the prophet: “Go
nephew, and say what you like. By God, I will never hand you over for
any reason.”
● During the boycott of Banu Haashim, the whole family stayed outside
Makkah into the valley Shi’b-e-Abi Talib and stayed there for three
years. In those times of hardship, Abu Talib supported the believers.
● He passed away in the 10th year of prophethood. The Prophet(SAW)
declared it as the year of grief.
● After the death of Abu Talib, the Prophet was left unprotected as Abu
Lahab replaced abu Talib as the leader of Banu Hashim. Muhammad
and his companions breath taking persecutions. The Prophet(SAW)
said: “By God, Quraish never harmed me so much as after the
death of Abu Talib.”

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Hazrat Bilal(RA)
● Bilal was born in Makkah in 580AD. His father Rabah was an Arab
slave while his mother Hamamah was a famous princess Abyssinia
who was captured after Amul-fil.
● Bilal was born in the slavery that is why had no option but to work for
his master, Umayyah ibn Khalaf.
● He was the first slave to accept Islam
● His master used to torture him. He was exposed to burning sand in
the scorching heat of Arab. The master used to put a rock on his
chest. He was beaten with sticks and was dragged on the streets. He
used to get faint. He was repeatedly asked to renounce his faith but
he did not. He used to say Ahad! Ahad!
● When Abu Bakr got to know about his worst condition, he bought him
from his master and set him free.
● He took part in the migration of Madinah.
● He was chosen as the first Muazzin of Islam by the Prophet(SAW)
because of his melodious and soulful voice.
● He was later appointed as the secretary of the Islamic State of
Madinah.
● He took part in all the battles and killed his master in Badr.
● After the conquest of Makkah, he was asked to call he Azan from the
top of Kaaba.
● He served the Prophet throughout his life.
● After the death of the Prophet(SAW), he left Madinah and spent his
life in Jihaad.
● On Umar’s visit to Jerusalem, Umar asked Bilal to call the Azan for
one last time. All the Sahabas became emotional on hearing the
Azan Prophets' time.
● He passed away in 20AH in Damascus.

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Hazrat Hamza(RA)
● He was the son of Abdul Muttalib, hence was the uncle of the
Prophet(SAW).
● He was two years younger than Muhammad(SAW) and had great
love him as well.
● He was fond of wrestling and hunting and was known for his bravery.
● Once he got to know that Abu Jahl had insulted the Prophet(SAW).
He became furious and hit Abu Jahl on his head with the bow and
publically accepted Islam.
● He had a very influential personality.
● He participated in the migration of Madinah.
● He took part in battles of Badr and Uhud and fought courageously.
● He killed the father and brother of Hinda in Badr.
● Hinda hired Wahshi, to take revenge from Hamza, for the death of
her father and brother..
● Wahshi killed him with his spear and mutilated his body.
● The Prophet gave him the title of ‘Syed-us-ShUhudaa’ means
“Chief of the Martyrs”.

Hazrat Abu Sufyan(RA)

● He was the chief of Banu Umayya and was one of the leaders of
Makkah.
● He was a rich merchant.
● He opposed the Prophet almost the whole of his life but accepted
Islam on the occasion of conquest of Makkah.
● He was the father-in-law of the Prophet as Umm-e-Habiba was his
daughter.
● He was the part of the delegation who came to Abu Talib to ask him
to stop Muhammad to preach for Islam.
● The Prophet attacked his caravan in 2AH but he escaped, before the
battle of Badr.
● He was appointed as the chief of Quraish after the death of their
leaders in Badr.

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● When the treaty of Hudaibiyah was dissolved, he asked the Prophet

to resign it but the Prophet(SAW) refused.
● The Prophet(SAW) granted safety to those who took refuge in the
house of Abu Sufyan, on the day of the conquest of Makkah.
● He took part in the battle of Hunain and siege of Taif. He lost his eye
in the siege of Taif.
● He spent his life in Jihad after the demise of the Prophet(SAW). He
took part in the battle of Yarmuk during the Caliphate of Umar(RA)
and lost his other eye as well.
● He died in 31AH.

Hazrat Khalid-Bin-Waleed(RA)
● He belonged to Banu Makhzum, who were among the best horsemen
in Arabia. This made Khalid learn the art of horse-riding and also
mastered the use of weapons such as spear, lance, sword archery.
● He was a great warrior and expert of warfare tactics.
● He opposed Islam in early days and fought against Muslims in Uhud,
where he counter attacked Muslim army and turned their victory into
loss.
● He stopped Muslims at Hudaibiyah when they were going to perform
Umrah.
● Once Prophet(SAW) said to his brother Walid bin Walid: “A man like
Khalid can’t keep himself away from Islam for long.” Walid gave
a written invitation to Khalid, who at times was not unduly drawn
towards idols. He discussed the matter with his childhood friend
Ikrimah bin Abu Jhal, who opposed him. Abu Sufyan, on hearing this,
threatened Khalid for dire consequences but he replied: “Steady
Abu Sufyan! Your anger may well lead me also to join
Muhammad. Khalid is free to follow whatever religion he
chooses.” After treaty of Hudaibiyah, Khalid accepted Islam.
● Very next year, he was made commander of Muslims army after the
death of 3 commanders, as the Prophet(SAW) advised, at the battle
of Muta, where he broke seven swords. He was given the title of
Saifullah the sword of Allah.

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● He was leader of Muslim army in battle of Yamama against

Musailma, the false prophet, during the tenure of Abu Bakr.
● He defeated Romans, Persians and their allies more than 100 times
and commanded Muslims to capture Damascus in battle of Yarmuk.
● He was dismissed by Umar(RA)

Hazrat Zaid Bin Harisa(RA)

● He was the first male servant to accept Islam.
● He was made a child slave and was gifted to Khadija by his master
Hakiim ibn Huzzam. He enjoyed all the great qualities of the
Prophet(SAW) even before his Prophethood.
● Once, Zaid’s father got to know that he was living in Makkah. He
reached the Prophet(SAW) and requested him to hand him over but
Zaid refused to go with his father.
● He was the only companion of the Prophet to accompany him on his
visit to Taif, where tried to defend the Prophet(SAW) when the people
of Taif were pelting stones at him.
● He suffered persecutions including the boycott of Banu Hashim.
● He took part in the migration to Madinah.
● He took part in all the battles.
● He got martyred at the Battle of Muta where he was leading the
Muslim army.
● His son, Usama was loved a lot by the Prophet(SAW).
● Usama was leading the last expedition sent by the Holy
Prophet(SAW) to Syria, although people like Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman
and Ali were around him.

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Scribes of the Divine

Revelations

Hazrat Zaid Bin Sabit(RA)

● He accepted Islam at the age of 11, before migration.
● He was very young at the time of migration and couldn’t take part in
the battle Badr.
● He was one of those who learned reading and writing from the
captives of Badr.
● His mother wanted him to be in the company of the Prophet(SAW) so
she asked some relatives to mention Zaid’s name in front of the
Prophet.
● Zaid was asked by the Prophet to learn Hebrew and Syrian language
before he could join the Prophet as an official translator and
interpreter.
● He was counted amongst the most senior scribes.
● He used to memorize the Holy Quran in such a way that even the
Prophet used to ask him to recite it.
● He reported: “Whenever the Prophet dictated me the verses I
wrote them and then recited them before him and he made
corrections if needed.”
● He also served as the secretary of the Prophet(SAW) till his death.
● The Holy Prophet(SAW) also recited the Quran in front of Zaid in his
last Ramadan so he could revise the sequence of the revelations.
● He was given the responsibility of compiling Quran into book form
during the caliphate of Abu Bakr which he did successfully
● We worked as the scribe to Caliph during the caliphate of Umar, later
he was made Qazi of Madinah.
● During the Caliphate of Usman, he was again given the responsibility
to make and distribute copies of Mushaf-f-e-Hafsa.
● He passed away at 45 A.H.

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Hazrat Abdullah Bin Masood(RA)

● He was one f the earliest converts to Islam. He was the sixth person
to do so.
● He belonged to the tribe of Banu Huzail.
● He was tortured by the opponents of Islam hence, he had to migrated
to Abyssinia and later migrated to Madinah
● He beheaded Abu Jahl in battle of Badr.
● He was the first person to recite the Holy Quran publically in Makkah.
● He was so close to the Prophet(SAW) that newly converts used to
think that he was part of the Prophet's family.
● He even used to dress like the Prophet(SAW).
● He devoted his whole life to serve Muhammad(SAW) and gain
knowledge from him.
● The Holy Prophet(SAW) said: “If anyone likes to recite the Quran
as fresh as it had descended then he must recite it on the
reading of Abdullah bin Masood.”
● He had sound knowledge of Quranic verses. About his knowledge, he
said: “ I can tell about every verse of the Holy Quran why and
where it was revealed.”
● He took part in all the battles.
● He narrated 848 Hadees.
● He was made Qazi of Kufa by Hazrat Umar(RA) during his caliphate.
● § He passed away during the reign of Usman in either 32AH or
33AH.

Hazrat Ubbayy Bin Kaab(RA)

● He belonged to Khazraj tribe of Madinah and accepted Islam in the
2nd pledge of Aqabah.
● He was one of the senior scribes of the Prophet(SAW) (1 st amongst
the Ansar to be appointed as scribe of the Holy Prophet).
● He said to write the last revelation of the Quran at Hajjat-ul-Wida.
● He was one of the best reciters of the Quran even the Prophet(SAW)
used to tell his companions to learn the Quran from him.

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● He led the first Traweeh prayer during the caliphate of Umar(RA).

● He wrote letters for Holy Prophet(SAW)
● He also narrated more than hundred Ahadis.
● The holy Prophet(SAW) said: “The best reciter from my Ummah is
Ubbayy.”
● He died in 29AH during the caliphate of Usman(RA).

Hazrat Ameer Muawiya(RA)

● He was the son Abu Sufyan(RA) and embraced Islam in the conquest
if Makkah.
● He was appointed as the secretary to the Prophet and was given the
duty of writing the revelations of the Quran.
● He was appointed as the governor of Syria by Umar(RA).
● He led the first naval attack in the history of Islam during the caliphate
of Usman(RA), against the Byzantine army and captured Cyprus.
● After the assignation of Hazrat Usman, he demanded Hazrat Ali(RA)
to take the revenge of his blood or he wouldn't accept Ali as the
caliph.
● He was ordered by Ali(RA) to step down as the governor of Syria but
he refused and countered the argument that he would not accept the
commands Ali as he did not accept him as caliph. That resulted in the
battle of Siffin which ended without any result and finally, Hazrat Ali
handed Syria in his hands.
● He ruled the Muslim empire for 20years after death of Ali.
● He passed away in 60 A.H.

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Mothers of Faithful

Hazrat Khadija(RA)
● She belonged to a rich and noble family of Makkah.
● She was known by the names of Ameerat-Quraish, Tahira (the pure)
and Ali-Kubra(the great).
● She was a twice widowed lady.
● She married Atiq then Abu Hala, following Atiq’s death.
● She belonged to a trading business and her caravans equaled the
caravans of big traders.
● She was looking for an honest person to help her in trade, so she
came to know about Muhammad(SAW), who at time did not get
prophethood.
● She sent him to Syria with her trading merchandise, along with her
slave Maysarah to observe his dealings.
● On his return, Mysarah reported about the excellent conduct and fear
dealing of the Prophet(SAW) which doubled the profit that she
expected.
● Mysarah also reported about an event that Muhammad(SAW) rested
under a tree and only Prophets had said to had done that before.
● Khadija was so impressed by the Prophet's(SAW) character that she
sent a marriage proposal to him which he accepted.
● At the time of marriage, Khadija was 40 and Muhammad(SAW) was
25 years old.
● All his children were from Khadija except Ibrahim.
● At the time of 1st revelation, she consoled the Prophet(SAW) who was
really nervous about what happened to him in the cave of Hira.
● She always supported Prophet’s mission of spreading Islam in
Makkah.
● She also invested her wealth in his mission. When Quraysh used to
harras Muslims, shed used pay the ransom from her wealth to them
free from torture.

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● She also lived with the Prophet in the valley of Abu Talib during the
boycott of Banu Hasim.
● She passed away in the 10th year of prophethood and was buried at
Jannat-ul-Mala. The Prophet called the year as “AAM-UL-HUZN”
which means year of sorrow.
● The Prophet(SAW) once said: “She believed in me when others
disbelieved, and confirmed my truthfulness when others called
me a liar.”

Hazrat Sawdah(RA)
● She was the 2nd wife of the Prophet(SAW).
● She married him after the death of Khadija in the 10 th year of
Prophethood.
● She was an early convert to Islam and accepted Islam with her 1 st
husband Sukran bin Amr.
● She migrated to Abyssinia with him where he died and she returned
to Makkah.
● After the death of Khadija, the Prophet(SAW) was in grief but she
consoled him.
● She was older than the Prophet(SAW).
● She was very humble and generous and lived a very simple life.
● She took part in the migration to Madinah.
● She was obedient to the Prophet(SAW).
● She reported five Ahadis as well.
● She passed away in 54AH.

Hazat Ayesha(RA):
● She was the daughter of Abu Bakr and born in the 4 th year of
prophethood.
● She was given in the marriage of the Prophet(SAW) on her father’s
wish as he wanted to have family terms with him.
● She married the Prophet(SAW) in the 10th year of prophethood.
● She was the most learned person amongst all the mothers of the
faithful.

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● She used to ask a lot of questions from the Prophet on every issue as
she had a sharp memory.
● She was superior in knowledge even to most of the male companions
of the Prophet. Abu Musa Ashar(RA) said: “ Whenever we had a
problem to tackle, we always found relief in Hazrat
Ayesha(RA).”
● The Prophet did justice among his wives but he loved Ayesha the
most.
● Once one of the wives sent some food to the Prophet when he was
with Ayesha, she threw the bowl on the ground in anger. The Prophet
cleaned the floor himself and did not say anything to her.
● Once she was accused by a hypocrite but Allah revealed the Quran
to prove her piety.
● The Prophet(SAW) lived with her in his last days.
● She quoted 2210 Ahadis.
● She was very generous as Abdullah bin Zubair(RA) said: “I have
never seen a person more generous than her.”
● After the assignation of Hazrat Usman, she wanted Ali to take the
revenge but Ali was reluctant to do so.
● She also stood against Ali and took part in the battle of camel.
● She was defeated and sent back to Madinah very respectfully by
Ali(RA).
● After that, she never took part in any political activity.
● She spent 48 years of her life as the widow.
● She passed away in 58AH and was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

Hazrat Hafsa(RA)
● She was the daughter of Umar(RA).
● She was born in Makkah.
● Her first husband was Hazrat Khunais bin Huzaifa(RA).
● They both accepted Islam and migrated to Abyssinia and later,
migrated to Madina.
● Khunais got injured in Badr and later could not survive and passed
away in 2 AH.

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● She was widowed at a very young age. Umar asked both Abu Bakr
and Usman respectively to marry her but they both refused, as they
knew that the Prophet himself was interested in marrying her as he
wanted to strengthen his relations with Umar.
● Hafsa(RA) was very keen to acquire knowledge and used to
exchange her knowledge with Ayesha(RA).
● She quoted 60 Ahadis.
● After the death of Umar(RA) as the caliph, she became custodian of
Mushaf, which was later called Mushaf-e-Hafsa.
● She lived a very pious life and was fond of observing fast. The
Prophet(SAW) said: “She is the one who fasts during the day and
who stands during the night for worship.”
● She passed away in 45AH at the age of 63 and was buried in Jannat
–ul-Baqi.
Hazrat Jaweriyah(RA)
● She was the daughter of Harith, the chief of al-Mustaliq tribe.
● Banu Mustaliq was preparing to attack Madina but Muslims got the
hint of this. They prepared an army of 700 men, who marched
forward and asked Banu Mustaliq to accept Islam but they refused.
They shot a Muslim soldier with an arrow. The war broke out and they
were defeated by Muslims and their children and women were made
captives.
● Jaweriyah was brought to Madinah as the captive.
● She married the Prophet(SAW) in 5AH.
● As the result of this marriage, all the captives of Banu Mustaliq were
set free by the Muslims.
● She lived a very simple and pious life.
● She was very beautiful and anyone who saw her was stunned by her
beauty. She was not only beautiful but also very graceful and elegant.
● She always used to keep herself busy in prayers and worship and the
Prophet(SAW) always found her busy in Prayers as well.
● She narrated even Ahadis.
● She passed away in 50AH at the age of sixty and was buried in
Jannat-ul-Baqi.

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Hazrat Umme Habiba(RA)

● She belonged to Banu Umayya and was the daughter of Abu Sufyan.
● Her real name was Ramla.
● She was the sister of Muawiyah(RA) and maternal cousin of
Usman(RA).
● She was first married to Ubaidullah bin Jahsh. The couple accepted
Islam and migrated to Abyssinia.
● She gave birth to a daughter named Habiba.
● Her husband converted to Christianity. He wanted Ramla to follow
him as well but she stood firm on faith which resulted in their
separation.
● When the Prophet got to know about that, he sent her the marriage
proposal through Negus which she accepted.
● Their marriage ceremony took place in Abyssinia in the absence of
the Prophet(SAW). Negus himself read the sermon. He also gave the
dower of 400 dinars, the largest of all the dowers given to any of the
wives of the Prophet(SAW).
● Once Abu Sufyan, her father visited her in Madinah. He also wanted
to negotiate on the issue of dissolution of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah
with the Prophet(SAW). When Abu Sufyan tried to sit on Prophet’s
bedding, she rolled it back and did not allow his father to sit on the
bedding of Prophet of Allah. She said to her father: “You are a
polytheist and hence impure. This is a pure and clean bed of the Holy
Prophet(SAW).
● She lived a very simple and pious life.
● She narrated 65 Ahadis.
● She died in 45 AH in Madinah at the age of seventy three, during the
tenure of Amir Muawiyah(RA) and was buried in Jannat-Ul- Baqi.

Hazrat Zainab Bint-e-Khuzaimah(RA)

● She was born in Makkah.
● She first married Abdullah bin Jahash(RA) who was martyred in the
battle of Uhud in 3AH.
● The Prophet(SAW) married her in the same year.

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● She died after three months of her marriage with the Prophet and
became the second to die as the wife of the Prophet(SAW) after
Khadija.
● She was very generous and used to help the needy and poor.
● She was given the title of ‘Ummul Masakeen’, the mother of the
Poor, as she did return anyone empty handed from her door.

Hazrat Umme Salama(RA)

● Her real name was Hind bint Abu Umayya.
● Her father was the leader of her tribe.
● She, along with her husband Abdullah bin Asad accepted Islam. They
migrated to Abyssinia, came back to Makkah and then again
migrated to Madinah.
● Her husband a bad wound in battle of Uhud which became fatal and
resulted in his death in 4 A.H
● The Prophet(SAW) proposed to her and she happily accepted the
proposal and married him in 4A.H.
● She was a very learned lady, considered next to Ayesha in
knowledge. She used to hear the sermons of the Prophet very
carefully.
● She was unique in her practical knowledge of human psychology.
● She was one who suggested Muhammad(SAW) to remove his Ihram
first on sacrifice his animal first on occasion of Treaty if Hudaibiyah
when the companions were so upset that they did not remove their
Ihram when the Prophet asked them to so. But when they later saw
the Prophet(SAW) doing it, they followed him as well.
● She also requested the Prophet to forgive Muraarah bin Rabi(RA),
Hilal bin Umayyah(RA) and Ka'ab bin Malik(RA), who were left
behind in Tabuk. The Prophet(SAW) ordered them to boycott them.
Later their Taubah got accepted and revelations were revealed about
their forgiveness.
● She had sound knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence.
● She narrated 378 Ahadis.

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● She accompanied the Prophet(SAW) in the Khyber expedition and

also participated in his last Hajj despite her illness.
● She was the last of the wives to die. She died in 63AH, at the age of
84.
● She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

Hazrat Zainab Bint Jahash

● She was the daughter of Umaimah bint Abdul Muttalib, hence was
the first cousin of the Prophet(SAW).
● She was first married to Hazrat Zaid bin Haritha(RA) to establish
doctrine of equality but the marriage did not prove to be successful
and lasted for a year only.
● She was given in the marriage of the Prophet(SAW) by Allah to make
it clear that marrying the wife of adopted son in legal in Islam. The
Quran says: “….So when Zaid had accomplished her desire from
her (divorced her), We gave her to you in marriage, so that there
may be n difficulty to the believers in respect of (the marriage
of) the wives of their adopted sons when they latter have no
desire to keep them.”
● She was married to the Prophet in 5A.H.
● She used to say to other wives: "You were given in marriage by
your families, while I was married (to the Prophet) by Allah from
over seven Heavens.”
● The Prophet(SAW) held the most lavish reception (Valima) for this
marriage. The verses about hijab were also revealed on this
occasion.
● She was called “the one with long hands” which means generous.
● Ayesha(RA) said: “I have never seen a woman more religious,
more pious, more truthful of speech, more generous and
beneficent and more dedicated to God, than Zainab.”
● She reported 11 Ahadis.
● The Prophet(SAW) predicted that she would be the first wife to die
after him.
● She passed away in 20A.H. and was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

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Hazrat Safiyah(RA)
● She was the daughter of Huyay bin Akhtab, the chief of Jewish tribe
Banu Nazir.
● Her real name was Zainab
● Her 1st husband was Salam bin Mishkam who divorced her while her
2nd husband was Kanana bin Abi Al-Haqeeq who was the treasure of
Banu Nazir.
● Banu Nazir was expelled from Madina and settled at Khyber.
● Kanana was killed in the battle of Khyber.
● After the battle of Khyber, she was taken as the captive of the war. It
is reported that the famous companion Dahiya Kalbi(RA) requested
the Prophet(SAW) for a slave girl from the spoils of the war. The
Prophet(SAW) permitted him to have his own choice. He selected
Safiyah(RA) but the other companions requested the Prophet to have
Safiyah(RA) for himself as she was the daughter of the chief. He
asked Dahiya Kalbi(RA) to choose another girl. The Prophet(SAW)
said to her: “You are now free, if you like you can go back to your
tribe or can be my wife.”
● She preffered to come in the marriage of Muhammad as she dreamt
it earlier when she was the wife of Kanana.
● She was high in character.
● She was fond of reading the Quran and gaining knowledge.
● She was very generous and very pious.
● Patience and forbearance were her permanent features.
● She exhibited great courage in trying to send food and drink to
Usman(RA) during the siege of his house in his caliphate in 35AH.
● She accompanied the Prophet(SAW) in the farewell Hajj.
● She Narrated 10 Ahadis.
● After leading a life full of devotion and commitment to Islam, she
passed away in 50A.H during the reign of Ameer Muawiyah.
● She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

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Hazrat Maimunah(RA)
● Her real name was Barra.
● She belonged to Banu Hilal.
● Her father was Harith Al-Hilalia bin Hazam.
● She married twice before marrying the Prophet(SAW). Her first
husband was Abdullah bin Masood bin Umroo who divorced her then
was married to Abu Ruhm bin Abdul Uzza who died.
● In 7A.H, when the Holy Prophet(SAW) went to perform Umrah, Abbas
bin Abdul Mutallib who was his uncle, proposed that the Prophet may
marry to Maimunah(RA). The Prophet(SAW) accepted the proposal.
After 3 days of stay in Makkah he was returned to Madinah as was
agreed in the Treaty of Hudaibiyah. On his way back to Madinah, he
married to Maimunah at Sarf, a place 10 miles away from Makkah on
the way to Madinah.
● She was god fearing, as Ayesha(RA) said about him: “Maimunah
was more God-fearing and kind-hearted than all of us.”
● She was also the great scholar of religion that even Ibn-e-Abbas, who
became a scholar in Mufassir of Quran, was her nephew and pupil.
● She was the last woman to be married to the Prophet(SAW).
● She narrated 76 Ahadis
● She passed away in 51AH at Sarf, the place where he was married to
the Prophet(SAW) and buried there as well.

Hazrat Rehana Bint Shamoon(RA)

● She belonged to the Jewish Tribe of Banu Quraizah.
● Banu Quraizah was besieged by the Prophet(SAW) on their treachery
on the occasion of the battle of Trench. As all the men of Qurizah
were killed and women and children were made captives,
Rehana(RA) was also one of the captives of the battle.
● The Prophet(SAW) freed her and proposed he on the condition of
accepting Islam.
● She accepted the proposal and married to the Prophet(SAW)
● She was a very pious lady and also helped needy and poor.
● She passed away ten years after the death of the Prophet(SAW).

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Hazrat Maria Qibtiya(RA)

● After the treaty of Hudaibiyah, the Prophet(SAW) wrote letters to the
kings.
● One of those kings was Maqauqis(Cyrus), the ruler of Egypt.
● Maquaqis sent Maria and Sirin, as a gift in the reply of Prophets
invitation to Islam.
● Maria accepted Islam in her way to Madinah.
● The Holy Prophet(SAW) married her and she became the mother of
Prophet’s (SAW) son Ibrahim after which she was held in esteem
position among Prophet’s wives.
● Sirin was married to Hassan bin Sabit(RA), the Prophet’s poet.
● Maria(RA) died five years after the death of the Prophet(SAW) and
buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

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Descendants of The Holy

Prophet(SAW)

Hazrat Zainab(RA):
● She was the eldest of the daughters of the Prophet(SAW).
● She was married to Abul Aas, who was the son of Khdija(RA)’s sister.
Khadija(RA) gave her the necklace as a wedding present.
● Zainab(RA) accepted the Islam when the prophethood was
announced but Abul Aas did not.
● Quraish demanded Abul Aas to divorce her but he was reluctant to do
so as he loved her a lot.
● In the battle of Badr, when Abul Aas was made captive by Muslims,
Zainab(RA) sent her necklace as the ransom to set his husband free.
The Prophet(SAW) recognized the necklace of Khadija and his eyes
were filled with tears. He freed him without ransom. He asked him to
send Zainab to Madinah as it was not allowed to live with a non-
Muslim husband.
● Quraish did not allow Zainab to go to Madinah. She was hit by a non-
believer, Hammad bin Aswad. The injury made her suffer a
miscarriage and also proved to be fatal.
● She lived for six years in Madinah without marriage.
● Abul Aas also came to Madina and accepted Islam. His marriage with
Zainab was restored by the Prophet but it did not last longer as
Zainab passed away due to complications caused by the injury in
8AH.
● She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.
● The Prophet(SAW) said: “She was my best daughter, for she has
suffered much on my account.”
● Abul Aas was so upset that the Prophet was calming him down.
● Abul Aas also died after a year of Zainab’s death.

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● She had two children Ali, who was sitting with the Prophet(SAW) on
the back of his camel, and Umamah, about whom, we have read
frequently that She used to ride on back of Prophet(SAW) while he
prostrated in Salaah.

Hazrat Ruqayyah(RA)
● She was born in Makkah and was the 2nd daughter of the
Prophet(SAW) from Khadija(RA).
● She was married to Utbah bin Abu Lahab before prophethood.
● When the Prophet(SAW) started preaching Islam openly, Abu Lahb
forced his sons to divorce the daughters of Prophet(SAW). He said
that he would not see their faces till they divorce the daughters of
Muhammad(SAW).
● Ruqayyah(RA) later was given in the marriage of Usman(RA).
● The Prophet(SAW) said: “It is the first couple to migrate in the
way of Allah after Ibrahim and his wife.”
● The couple migrated to Abyssinia then later to Madinah.
● A son was born named Abdullah but died when he was six years old.
● She passed away in 2AH due to illness during the battle of Badr.
Hazrat Usman was excused from his military duties to look after his
wife.
● When people were attending her burial, the news of the victory in
battle of Badr was brought by Zain bin Haritha. The Prophet(SAW)
did not attend her burial.
● She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

Hazrat Umme Kulsoom(RA)

● She was the third daughter of the Prophet(SAW).
● She was married to Utaiba bin Abu Lahab.
● Utaiba was forced by his father Abu Lahab to divorece her after the
announcement of Prophethood.
● She was present at the time of the boycott of Banu Hashim by
Quraish, with her mother Khadija(RA).

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● After the death of Khadija(RA), she took care of her younger sister
Fatima and the entire household.
● She migrated to Madinah with Sawdah(RA).
● She was married to Usman(RA) after the death of Ruqayyah(RA).
● She passed away in 9AH when Usman(RA) was away in battle of
Tabuk.

Hazrat Fatima(RA)
● She was the youngest daughter of Prophet(SAW) and Khadija(RA).
● She was born in the 1st year of Prophethood.
● Her title is Zehra which means the Shining one.
● One day she accompanied her father to Masjid Al- Haram. Uqbah bin
Muit threw camel filth on the shoulders of the Prophet(SAW) while he
was in SAJDAH. She rushed to her father and cleaned the filth and
stood firmly and scolded the Quraish men.
● She suffered hardships during the boycott of Banu Hashim by the
Pagans of Makkah.
● She migrated to Madinah with Sawdah and Umme Kulsoom when the
Prophet(SAW) sent Zaid bin Haritha back to Makkah to bring his
family to Madinah.
● She was married to Ali ibn Abi Talib(RA) in 2AH.
● She gave birth to Hasan, Hussain, Zainab and Umme Kulsoom.
● After the battle of Uhud, she went to the battle field and dressed his
father’s wounds.
● She used to do all the work of his house by herself. She even used to
carry the skin of water to her house from well by herself which
swollen her shoulder.
● The Prophet(SAW) called ‘Syedaht-un-Nisa-e-Ahlil Jannah’ which
means ‘head of the ladies of Paradise’.
● Once she asked the Prophet(SAW) for some slaves. The
Prophet(SAW) said: “Should I tell you a better thing than a slave girl.
He then asked her to recite 33 times Subhanallah, 33 times
Alhadulillah and 34 time Allah-o-Akbar. It is called Tasbeehe Fatima.

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● The Prophet(SAW) loved her so much that he used to stand-up to

welcome her, kiss her forehead and offer her a place to sit.
● She was upset when Ali(RA) intended to marry Abu Jahal’s daughter.
She expressed her grief with her father. Prophet (SAW) said to
Ali(RA): “Fatimah is a part of by body, whoever grieves her
grieves me.”
● The Prophet(SAW) informed her that she would be the first to join him
in paradise.
● She passed away in 11AH, six months after the death of the
Prophet(SAW).
● She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

Hazrat Qasim(RA)
● He was the eldest son of the Prophet(SAW) and Khadijah(RA). He
passed away in infancy.

Hazrat Abdullah(RA)
● He was born after prophethood and was also passed away in infancy.

Hazrat Ibrahim(RA)
● He was from Maria Qibtiya. He lived for about 6 or 7 months before
he fell ill and passed away.

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Hazrat Hasan ibn Ali(RA)

● He was born in 3AH and was called Shabbir which means handsome
as he was just like Prophet(SAW) in appearance.
● The Prophet(SAW) loved Hasan and Hussian so much that he used
to play with them, kiss them and called them the flowers of Paradise.
● He also used to call them the leaders of the youth of Paradise.
● They gained their knowledge from the Prophet(SAW) and their father
Ali(RA).
● Ali appointed both of them to guard the house of Usman(RA) during
the siege.
● They took part in the battles of Camel and Siffin from their father’s
side.
● After the death of Ali(RA), he was appointed as the caliph. At that
time, Syria and Egypt were in control of Muawiyah. It appeared that a
conflict may occur between the caliph Hasan(RA) and the governor
Syria, Muawiya(RA) and wanted to take the control of the caliphate.
Hasan(RA) marched towards Madinah with an army of forty thousand
where he faced a huge army of Ameer Muawiyah. A rumor arose of
the defeat of Hsasan’s army after which the Kufi forces revolted at
Hasan’s camp. After this event, Hasan(RA) sent a message to
Muawiya(RA) for peace talk. Muawiya(RA) sent a blank paper to
Hasan(RA), to say that he would accept every term and condition of
Hasan(RA) to prevail in peace.
● This even is known as Tahkeem.
● Sabaites were not happy with Hasan’s efforts to unite Muslim
Ummah. They used to taunt him and finally poisoned him 50AH. He
was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

Hazrat Hussain(RA)
● He was born in 4AH.
● Once, when he climbed on the back of the Prophet(SAW) while he
was Prostrating before Allah, the Prophet(SAW) prolonged the
Sajdah.

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● After Tahkeem, the power was transferred to Amir Muawiyah which

marked the end to the era of the Caliphate and the beginning of the
Uamayya’s Dynasty. The 20years of Muawiya’s tenure were very
peaceful and the Muslim world began to expand again as it was
expanding till the end of Usman’s caliphate. On his deathbed, Ameer
Muawiyah nominated his son Yazid to succeed him. He did not want
Ummah to face another civil war. Many of the companions Including
Hussain(RA) disagreed with the nomination. He refused to swear
allegiance to Yazid.
● He pointed it out that the nomination of Yazid was against the Islamic
traditions.
● He decided to leave Madinah and go to Makkah.
● A deputation from Kufa approached him and requested him to save
them from the persecutions of Yazid.
● His well-wishers suggested him not to trust the Kufees because of
their deceptive nature.
● Hussain(RA) sent his cousin Muslim to Kufa to review the situation.
● He got overwhelmed by the reception of Kufees and wrote a letter to
Husssian(RA) and informed him about the enthusiasm of Kufees.
● He also requested him to come to Kufa.
● As soon as a letter for dispatched, Muslim learnt of their treachery.
● Almost all the leaders of the town had been bribed.
● Kufeez also killed Muslim on the threat of the governor of kufa the
Yazid’s deputy.
● On receiving the letter from Muslim Imam Hussain left for Kufa.
● When he was on the way to Kufa he heard the news of Muslim’s
assassination.
● Yazid sent many of the soldiers to stop Hussain from proceeding
further but Hussain continued to proceed.
● Hussain encamped his caravan at Karbala.
● As soon as the Army of Yazid got the news of Husain reaching
Karbala they also surrounded the plains of Karbala.
● On 7th of Muharram Army cut off all the sources of supply of water to
Hussain’s camp and did not allow even a drop of water to reach
them.

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● Husain decided to fight the forces of Yazid.

● As soon as he announced his fight against Yazid, he was only left
with seventy two of his faithful followers.
● Seemed like they were outnumbered by the troops of Yazid but
Hussain continued his mission and finally the war began on 0th of
Muharram 61AH.
● When all his followers got martyred, he left with no choice but to fight
them by himself.
● Swords and axes began to fall on Hussain and he lay wounded from
head to feet.
● When he died, his head was cut off and presented to the court of
Yazid.
● This tragedy carries a lesson that Hussain could have saved himself
and his family and followers by just supporting Yazid but he chose to
sacrifice his life in order to prevail the principles of Islam.

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Muhajirin and Ansar

Emigrants (Muhajirin)
• Early converts
• Suffered persecution
• Traders by profession
• Migrated to Abyssinia
• Migrated to Medina
• Left belongings and families
• Participated in battles
• 1st 4 caliphs were amongst them
• Remained loyal to Prophet
• Paired with Ansar
• About them, Quran says: “ those who strive with their might and
main in Allah’s cause, with their goods and their persons have the
highest of ranks in Allah’s sight”

Helpers (Ansar)
• People of Medina
• Took the pledges of Aqabah
• Invited the Prophet to Madinah
• Paired with emigrants
• Shared property with them
• Fought in battles
• Many of them fought in Badar and Ansar attained martyrdom at
Badar
• Prophet came back to Medina after conquest of Makkah to repay
for the loyalty of Ansar
• Dropped down their demand for caliph after the Prophet’s death
• Quran mentions them and holds in high honor
• The Holy Prophet (SAW) said “the sign of hypocrisy is the hate of
Ansar and the sign of faith is the love for Ansar”

Sir Zilal Ahmed 03142909570