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Analysis of Shunt Active Filter with ANN based Controller

Article  in  International Journal of Computer Applications · December 2018

DOI: 10.5120/ijca2018918241

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 32, December 2018

Analysis of Shunt Active Filter with ANN based

Controller
Munazama Ali Deeraj Joshi, PhD
Dept. of EEE Dept. of EEE
Islamic University Dehli Technical University
Jammu and Kashmir, India New Dehli, India

ABSTRACT Traditional solution for these problems are passive filtering.

Due to enormously increasing of power electronic devices Due to their easy design, simple structure, low cost and high
such as arc furnaces,rectifiers,variable frequency drives efficiency but use of inductor and capacitor makes the filter
introduces harmonics in the power system this leads to very bulky. Also it causes resonance problem, large size, fixed
low power factor in the power system. Power filters are compensation and possible overloads. Therefore the
widely used in modern electrical distribution systems to conventional passive filter cannot provide complete solution.
eliminate harmonic associated with it. This paper represents The development in the technology of power eletronics also
the effective solution of shunt active power filter to eliminate spurred active power filter. Basic principle is that using power
the harmonics associated with the utility power supply. The electronic devices cancels the harmonic currents from non-
ShAPF requires accurate control algorithm that provides linear loads. An analogy electronic filter is combined with the
robust performance under source and load unbalances thus, active components like opamp, PWM Controllers etc. defines
compensation of harmonics depends largely on the algorithm the Active power filter. A filter is designed which leads to the
adopted. improvising of the performance and also this improves the
In this work both PI and ANNcontroller are used in three- reliability of the filter. Active power filter have been
phase shunt active power filter to compensate harmonics and presented as a current compensator for reducing the total
reactive power by nonlinear load to improve power quality is harmonic distortion of the current and correcting the power
implemented for three-phase three wire systems. ANN-based factor of the input source.
technique is implemented in shunt active power filters to Various topologies of Active power filter has been developed
produce controlled pulses required for IGBT inverter. so far. The shunt active power filter is a method of removing
Simulation result obtained shows that performance of ANN harmonics by supplying the harmonic current to the load in
controller found is better than PI controller. opposite direction to that of supply from mains. Here the
principle operation of shunt active power filter is to generate
Keywords compensating currents that the load needs and has a phase
Shunt Active Power Filter(ShAPF), Passive filters, Hysteresis shift of 180 into the power system. Because of which the
current controller, control strategy, PI controller, Ann harmonic currents are cancelled that from the supply mains
controller. and from the filter. Due to which the mains current becomes
purely sinusoidal. At present, calculation of the magnitude of
1. INTRODUCTION the compensating currents of an active power filter is based
In recent years due to the development of power electronic
either on the instantaneous real and reactive power of the non-
devices, power electronic devices are evolved a lot and it will linear load. Conventional PI Controller was used for the
go on. The percentage is estimated to reach 60% to 80% by
generation of a reference currents templates. The PI
the year 2020. Any power problem that is due to voltage,
Controller requires precise mathematical models, which are
current or frequency deviation that results in failure or
difficult to obtain and fails to perform satisfactorily under
disoperation of customer equipment or produces negative parameter variations, nonlinearity, load disturbances etc. To
impact on the environment defines power quality. These
improve the performance of shunt active power filter AAN
power electronic devices draw non-sinusoidal currents on the
Controller is considered to be a new tool to design shunt
load side. Due to these harmonics source will become non-
active power filter control circuitry because of its learning
linear. These harmonics involves many losses in the power
ability, high speed recognition and able to adopt themselves to
system. It also results in the failure of customer requirement.
any system.
Poor quality of power results in lost productivity, damaged
equipment and early failure of equipment. As a result 2. ACTIVE POWER FILTER
compensating devices are becoming very essential for the As the passive filters have many disadvantages such as
customer utilities. Non-linear loads like variable speed drives, resonance, large size, fixed compensation and possible
electronic force supplies, arc furnaces are the major causes of overloads. To overcome this disadvantage, active power filter
power quality problem. These non-linear devices creates non- has been introduced as a current harmonic compensator for
linear load for which applied voltage is not directly reducing the total harmonic distortion of the current and
proportional to current. For these loads when voltage is purely correcting the power factor of the input source.Depending on
sinusoidal still then current is distorted. Current harmonics the particular electrical problem to be solved, a filter is
results in many problems such as low power factor, low designed which leads to be improvising the reliability of the
efficiency, power system voltage fluctuations and filter . An analogue electronic filter combined with the active
communication interference. These harmonics causes components like opamp, PWM Controlleretc. defines the
additional losses like overheating and overloading. A lot of active power filter. Active power filter are used for reactive
conventional solutions are improvised to these problems.

27
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 32, December 2018

power compensation in power transmission systems. Active

power filter can be implemented as:

2.1 Shunt Active Power Filter

Shunt Active power filters compensate load current harmonics
by injecting equal but opposite harmonic compensating
current in the load with a phase shift of 180 . Due to which
the harmonic currents are cancelled that form the main supply
and from the filter as a result the main current becomes pure
sinusoidal.

2.2 Series Active Power Filter

The series active power filter is connected in series with the
utility, it acts as a voltage source and also it isolates the
harmonics from the non-linear load to the system. When there
is poor supply voltage quality it prevents the equipment from
being damaged. It also prevent the unbalanced voltage system,
so it is controlled to eliminate voltage harmonics and Fig1: Shunt Active power filter scheme
regulates the terminal voltage of the load or line. In other way,
a series active power filter acts as a controlled voltage source Figure1,above shows the basic compensation principle of the
so that it supplies the harmonic voltage components in series shunt active power filter. It serves as an energy stored element
with the mains and thus compensates the voltage sags. and bring the real power difference between the load and
source during the transient period. When the load condition
2.3 UPFC(unified power flow control) changes the real power balances between the mains and the
is a filter that combines a shunt and a series active filters. It load will be concerned. This real power distinction is to be
acts as a controller for both voltage and current harmonics compensated by the dc capacitor. The change in capacitor
cancellation. voltage may result in ripple voltage of the dc capacitor. A low
pass filter is generally used to filter these dc capacitor ripples.
2.4 HAPF(hybrid active power filter) To avoid the use of low pass filter the capacitor voltage is
Hybrid active power filter area a combination of active and sampled at the zero crossing of the source voltage.
passive filters. It has been proposed to overcome the
To ensure that the compensating current drawn by the
disadvantages of APF and HPF. Appropriate choice of passive
converter is smooth currents, an inductor is required to filter
filters and detailed design method which when combined with
out the switching ripple current. For a good dynamic
APF will eliminate higher order harmonics. This improves the
response, the size of this inductor must be as small as
filtering performance and also cost effective.
possible.
3. SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER 3.2 Estimation Of Reference Source
The shunt active power filter is a recently developed piece of
equipment that are connected in parallel with non-linear Current
load.Need of the Shunt active power filter is due to the From figure 1,the instantaneous current can be written as
harmonics injected in power system due to the non-linear
= - (3.1.1)
loads such as uninterrupted power supply(UPS), adjustable
speed drives, arc furnaces etc. The shunt active power filter Source voltage is given as
operates as a current source and generates the same amount of
harmonics as generated by the load but 180 phase shifted.The = (3.2.2)
shunt active power filter has a self-controlled DC bus that are
If a non-linear load has applied, then the load current will
used for reactive power compensation in power transmission
have a fundamental component and harmonic components
system.Shunt active power filter has a better dynamic
that can be represented by
performance and it needs an accurate control algorithm that
provides robust performance. The control methods are = )
responsible for generating the reference currents which are
used to trigger the voltage source inverter(VSI).It has been = + (3.2.3)
used to:
The instantaneous load power can be given as
 Eliminate current harmonics
*
 Balance and regulate terminal voltage of load/line.
 Reduce negative sequence voltage. t*+ sin t*cos t*sin + sin * (
3.1 Basic Compensation Principle n t+
The shunt Active power filter has a topology similar to that of
STATCOM used for reactive power compensation.The shunt = + (t) + (t)(3.2.4)
active power filter is controlled to deliver compensating From (3.2.4), the real (fundamental) power drawn by the load
currents to the load to eliminate current harmonics and is
thereby making the source currents in phase with source
voltage. (t) = t*cos = (t)* (t)(3.2.5)
From (3.2.5), the source current supplied by the source, after
compensation is

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 32, December 2018

(t) = (t) / (t) = cos sin t = sin t(3.2.6) performance to eliminate harmonic components of current or
voltage waveform. Generally, Conventional PI Controller is
Where = cos used to regulate this voltage but due to its limitations, as the
There are also some switching losses in the PWM converter, detection of PI parameters are difficult and time taking
and hence the utility must supply a small capacitor leakage process also other disadvantages like inability to improve the
and converter switching losses in addition to the real power of transient response of the system therefore ANN controller has
the load. The total peak current supplied by the source is been introduced in this research work because of its learning
therefore ability, high speed recognition and able to themselves to any
system. An artificial neural network(ANN), is a mathematical
= + (3.2.7) model inspired by biological neural network. Artificial neural
network consists of an interlinked collection of artificial
If the active filter provide total reactive and harmonic power. neurons and it develops information using a connectionist
At this time, the active filter must provide following method to calculation. it resembles the brain in two factors:
compensation current:
(i) The data is accumulated by the network
= (t) - (t) through the learning process.
Hence, for accurate and instantaneous compensation of (ii) Interneuron connection strengths are used to
reactive and harmonic power it is necessary to estimate, store the data.
i.e.fundamental component of the load current as the reference The large data of the DC-link voltage for ‘n’ and ‘n-1’
current. intervals from the conventional method are gathered and are
stored in the MATLAB workspace. This data is then retrieved
3.3 Control Strategy and used for training the ANN Controller. The neurons in the
In anyactive power filter, control algorithm has major role in
input and output layer is almost a fixed quantity to obtain the
deciding the performance of harmonic compensation. Better
provided input. At each training session, seven hidden layers
control strategy leads to better dynamic response of the
are taken with 1000 iterations are done and six such a
system. In this research work, control strategy is provided by
validation checks are taken out in order to minimise the scope
hysteresis-band controlled technique.Hysteresis-band is
of error occurrence.
basically an instantaneous feedback current control technique
of PWM. The hysteresis band current controller for active The rapid spotting of the disturbing signals with high
power filter is used to generate the switching pattern of accuracy, and fast processing of the reference signals, are the
inverter. The control circuit generates the sine reference prerequisites for desired compensation in caseof ShAPF.
current wave of desired magnitude and frequency and it is
then compared with actual current wave. 5. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Fig3:Simulation model of Shunt Active Power

Filter(SAPF).
Fig 2: Hysteresis current controller The performance of shunt connected active power filter has
been evaluated in MATLAB. In this research work, source
From the figure 2,above as the current exceeds an upper current is taken as an output. The value of THD is very high
hysteresis band, the upper switches in half bridge is turned off as no control circuitry has introduced for harmonic
and lower switch is turned on. As a result, the output voltage compensation in the three phase three wire system. After
transition from and , and the current starts to introducing Shunt active power filter to the same three phase
decay. In same way, as current crosses the lower band limit, three wire system with two different controllers separately,
the lower switches are turned off and the upper switches are Total harmonic distortion (THD) is very much reduced.
turned on. Hysteresis control method is proven to be best
among the other control methods because of quick current The table1 shows, different values of R, L and RL load has
controllability, easy implementation and unconditioned been taken separately in MATLAB to determine the THD of
stability. all the loads at different values.

4. ANN CONTROLLER SCHEME

Performance of shunt active power filter is determined by the
accuracy and precision of harmonic components extracted
from distorted current waveform. Shunt active power filter
control algorithm has been developed in order to obtain best

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 32, December 2018

Table1:Shows with THD with different values of various

loads.

(b)

(c)

The shunt active power filter is switched to system at 0.02 Fig6: Three phase balanced (a) source current (b)SAPF
sec. The response of switching before and after can be easily Injected current (c) DC link voltage with PI Controller.
distinguished from the wave form and THD are given in
figures below.

Fig4: Waveform of Three phase source currents without

active filter.

Fig7: Total Harmonic distortion with PI Controller.

(a)

Fig5: Harmonic spectrum without active filter.

(b)

(a)

(c)
Fig8: Three phase balanced (a)Source current (b)SAPF
Injected current(c)DC link voltage with Ann Controller.

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 182 – No. 32, December 2018

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Harmonic Current compensation”, International journal
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[7] Aziz Boukadoun, TaharBahi, AblaBouguerne,
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