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Authentication of Hadith

The Muhaddithun carefully authenticated Hadiths in the second century by establishing principles to evaluate Isnads (chains of narrators) and Matns (texts). For Isnads, they studied narrators' biographies and ensured they were reliable, had sound memory, and transmitted the Hadith consistently. For Matns, they checked the text aligned with the Quran, Sunnah, reason, and did not contain impossible details or praise/condemn specific people. This rigorous authentication process established the six most reliable Hadith books, including Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.

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176 views1 page

Authentication of Hadith

The Muhaddithun carefully authenticated Hadiths in the second century by establishing principles to evaluate Isnads (chains of narrators) and Matns (texts). For Isnads, they studied narrators' biographies and ensured they were reliable, had sound memory, and transmitted the Hadith consistently. For Matns, they checked the text aligned with the Quran, Sunnah, reason, and did not contain impossible details or praise/condemn specific people. This rigorous authentication process established the six most reliable Hadith books, including Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.

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asep setiawan
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AUTHENTICATION OF HADITS

In the second century of Hijrah the Muhaddithun paid complete attention to compile
the Hadiths. This was so because some hypocrites and non-Muslims wanted to fabricate the
Hadiths. Imam Bukhari and other scholars took this seriously and introduced some
principles to ensure the authenticity of the Hadith. A Hadith is divided into 2 parts the first
part is the Sand and the second is the Matn. For e.g. A hadith narrated by Imam Bukhari is
as follows “It is reported to us by Ubaidullah saying he heard Hanzalah who came to know
from Ikramah saying he heard Ibn-e-Umar who narrates form the Prophet (PBUH): “Islam
has been based upon five pillars bearing the witness that Allah is One and Muhammad is His
messenger, establishing the regular prayer, paying the regular charity, fasting in the month
of Ramadan and the annual pilgrimage.” The first part which mentions the chain of
transmitters is the Isnad and the second part which the body or text is the Matn.

The Muhaddithun assessed both parts of the Hadith in a highly meticulous way. For
the Isnad, the chain of narrators were carefully studied and observed. Through the art of
Asma-Ur-Rijal (Names of Men) their biographies were collected and investigated in detail.
Each transmitter had to be in possession of firm faith, sound mind, an excellent memory
and an upright character. So much so, if the transmitter had ever cheated anyone or even
lied to anyone in the matter of joke the Hadith was rejected. The compilers also ensured
that the transmitter was present from the time he collected or heard the Hadith till the
time he transmitted it. In addition the first transmitter had to be the companion of the
Holy Prophet (SAW), for this the Muhaddithun compared the the place and birth of the
transmitter, the places and the people he met. Lastly, the chain of transmitters had to be
totally and perfectly uninterrupted.

Similarly, the Matn was checked thoroughly. They ensured it was in accordance
with the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah and was not conflicting with any of those
two. For e.g. The Hadith will not be accepted if it says to offer 6 daily prayers. Moreover, it
should also not contradict with human reason and logic. Example fasting the whole month
without eating anything is outside human capability. Matn also shouldn’t praise or
condemn any person or tribe from the future or history by calling its name. Finally, Matn
should not contain details in a precise way about any future event.
The six tradition books are the most authentic and reliable books of all the books on
the traditions. They are called Sihah sitta. The books among Sihah sitta are Sahih Bukhari,
Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Daud, Jam’e Tirmidhi, Sunan Nasai and Sunan Ibn-e-Majah

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