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Reproductive Health Sexual Health

This document provides an overview of reproductive and sexual health topics including: 1. Definitions of reproductive health, sexual health, and the concepts of unitive and procreative aspects of sexual relationships. 2. The importance of reproductive and sexual education for adolescents to promote safe sexual practices and prevent diseases. 3. A list of 13 sexual and reproductive health rights. 4. An overview of the female reproductive system including external organs and the uterus.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
85 views8 pages

Reproductive Health Sexual Health

This document provides an overview of reproductive and sexual health topics including: 1. Definitions of reproductive health, sexual health, and the concepts of unitive and procreative aspects of sexual relationships. 2. The importance of reproductive and sexual education for adolescents to promote safe sexual practices and prevent diseases. 3. A list of 13 sexual and reproductive health rights. 4. An overview of the female reproductive system including external organs and the uterus.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NCM107MCF: CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

LECTURE 2: Reproductive and Sexual Health

Reproductive Health − Healthy sexual development


− Equitable and responsible relationships and sexual
is a condition in which the reproductive functions and
fulfillment
processes are accomplished in a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being Purpose of Reproductive and Sexual Education

Importance of Reproductive Health 1. To create awareness among adolescents about safe


sexual practices
Good sexual and reproductive health is important for women’s
2. Helps in preventing sexually transmitted infections,
general health and wellbeing, and it’s central to their ability
including HIV/AIDS.
to make choices and decisions about their lives, including
3. Protects both the mother and the child from infectious
when or whether to consider having children
diseases and to deliver a healthy baby.
Sexual Health (DOH) 4. To provide complete knowledge about the early
pregnancy, infertility, birth control methods, pregnancy,
− Freedom from illness, disease, disability, violence and
post-childbirth care of the baby and mother, etc.
other harmful practices related to sexuality.
Concept of Unitive & Procreative Health

• Unitive Sexual Relationship In Marriage Has Two Purposes:


− union of two individuals that mutually agreed to
• Strengthen the couple and allows them to express their
become one.
love in a powerful way (unitive)
• Procreative
• Leads to the creation of new life (procreation)
− create and produce another life
• Marriage 13 Sexual Reproductive Health Rights
− Man and woman unite as one flesh - Sex is unitive
1. The Right to Life
− Needs to be open to possibility of having children -
− This means, among other things, that no woman’s life
Sex is procreative
should be put at risk by reason of pregnancy, gender
or lack of access to health information and services.
This also includes the right to be safe and satisfying
sex life.
NCM107MCF: CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

LECTURE 2: Reproductive and Sexual Health

2. The Right to Liberty and Security of the Person includes the right of individuals to choose to remain
− This recognizes that no woman should be subjected to single without discrimination and coercion.
forced pregnancy, forced sterilization or forced
8. The Right to Decide Whether or When to have Children
abortion.
− This includes the right of persons to decide freely and
3. The Right to Equality, and to be Free From All Forms of
responsibly the number and spacing of their children
Discrimination and to have access to related information and
− This includes, among other things, freedom from education.
discrimination because of one’s sexuality and 9. The Right to Health Care and Health Protection
reproductive life choices. − This includes the right of clients to the highest
4. The Right to Privacy possible quality of health care, and the right to be free
− This means that all sexual and reproductive health from harmful traditional health practices.
care services should be confidential in terms of 10. The Right to the Benefits of Scientific Process
physical set-up, information given or shared by the − This includes the right of sexual and reproductive
clients, and access to records or reports health service of clients to avail of the new
5. The Right to Freedom of Thought reproductive health technologies that are safe,
− This means that all sexual and reproductive health effective, and acceptable.
care services should be confidential in terms of 11. The Right to Freedom of Assembly and Political
physical set-up, information given or shared by the Participation
clients, and access to records or reports. − This includes the right of all persons to seek to
6. The Right to Information and Education influence communities and governments to prioritize
− This includes access to full information on the sexual and reproductive health and rights.
benefits, risks and effectiveness of all methods of 12. The Right to be Free from Torture and Ill-Treatment
fertility regulation, in order that all decisions taken are − This includes the rights of all women, men and young
made based on full, free and informed consent people to protection from violence, sexual exploitation
7. The Right to Choose Whether or Not to Marry and to and abuse.
Found And Plan a Family 13. The Right to Development
− This includes the right of persons to protection against − right to development is an inalienable human right by
a requirement to marry without his/her consent. It also virtue of which every human person
NCM107MCF: CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

LECTURE 2: Reproductive and Sexual Health

Female Reproductive System

− pH 4-6 due to presence of lactic acid formed by


lactobacilli known as Doderlein’s bacilli.
− contains rugae
Functions
o Passageway for birth
o Organ of copulation
During Pregnancy
External Organs − increased vascularity and hyperemia of the vagina
− Vulva − Purple in color (Chadwick’s sign)
− External genitalia
Other External Organs Uterus
− Involution (to non-pregnant state of uterus )
Functions
o Organ of menstruation
o Pregnancy or gestation
o Labor and delivery
Layers or Coats of the Uterus

− Vestibule
− openings: urethral meatus, vaginal meatus, Skene’s
and Bartholin glands
− Fourchette
Division of the Uterus
− Ridge of tissue formed by the posterior of the labia
− Body/Corpus (Fundus)
minora and labia majora.
− Isthmus
Vagina
− Cervix
− thin-walled elastic, muscular canal with a soft,
Two Important Events Happening in the Cervix during Labor
flexible lining
1. Effacement: thinning of the cervix (%)
NCM107MCF: CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

LECTURE 2: Reproductive and Sexual Health

2. Dilatation: stretching of the cervix (cm) − is a type of prolapse where the supportive wall of
Parts of the Cervix tissue between a woman's rectum and vaginal wall
• Endocervix: inner part weakens
• Exocervix: outer part • Uterine Prolapse
• Internal OS: joins the uterus − is when the uterus descends toward or into the
• External OS: junction between cervix and vagina vagina
Uterine Supports/Ligaments Uterine Tubes/Oviducts
a) Round Ligaments a) Fimbrae
− helps broad ligament to keep uterus in place. − fingerlike projection at the end of the tubes
b) Broad Ligaments b) Infundibulum Funnel
− lower border of the uterus important uterine − shaped opening to which fimbriae are attached
support. (transverse cervical ligament) c) Ampulla
c) Ovarian Ligaments − the most common site for fertilization uterine
− arises behind the uterine tubes to the ovaries. tubes
d) Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary d) Isthmus
− It is an important supporting structure of the − First segment, closet to the uterus
ovary, suspending it in the pelvis. Uterine Deviations
e) Cardinal Ligaments • Normal Uterus/Anteverted Uterus
− The chief uterine support − tilted forward at the cervix, toward your
f) Uterosacral Ligament abdomen
− Support the uterus & cervix at the ischial spines • Retroverted Uterus
Problems if Damaged Ligaments − Tilted backward
• Cystocele • Retroflexed
− is when the wall between the bladder and the − Bended backward
vagina wall weakened • Anteflexed
− this can cause the bladder to drop or sag into the − Bended forward
vagina Ovary/Ovaries
• Rectocele
− is a bulge, or herniation, of the front wall of the − paired organs that function as both endocrine and
rectum into the back of the vagina reproductive organs
NCM107MCF: CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

LECTURE 2: Reproductive and Sexual Health

− located in the pelvic cavity on either side of the − outer membrane of the egg
uterus • Corona Radiata
− contains pre-mordial follicles consisting an oocyte − supply vital proteins to the cell.
and follicular cells
− is stimulated by pituitary secretions of FSH and LH

Egg Cell (Ovum)

• Ovum/Gametes
− released from either ovaries
• Nucleus
− contains the genetic material in the form of
chromosomes
• Cytoplasm
− a substance that holds the cell’s internal
structure called organelles
Mitochondria
− an important organelle; supply most energy to
the cell
• Zona Pillucida
NCM107MCF: CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

LECTURE 2: Reproductive and Sexual Health

Male Reproductive System • Seminiferous Tubules


− produces sperm and is being surrounded by
interstitial cells that produces testosterone
• Prostate Gland
− This is a walnut-shaped gland that sits in the
middle of the pelvis; produces the fluid
secretions that support and nourishes the sperm
• Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)
− Pre-sized glands inferior to the prostate
Internal Structures − Produce thick, clear mucus prior to ejaculation
• Epididymis that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the
− tube that lies at the back of the testes, where all urethra
sperm must pass and become mature and start to Hormones
swim • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
− Function: − Stimulates spermatogenesis
▪ carries the urethra • Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)
▪ pathway for both urine and semen − Stimulates the production of testosterone
▪ Primary function: deposits sperm in the − Testosterone: stimulates the development of
female vagina for fertilization of the male secondary sex characteristics &
ovum. spermatogenesis.
• Vas Deferens Sperm
− is a thick-walled tube joined to the epididymis; • Head
carries sperm from the epididymis up to the − contains DNA and has a helmet-like acrosome
prostate gland and urethra. containing hydrolytic enzymes that allow the
• Urethra sperm to penetrate and enter the egg
− carries both urine and sperm. • Midpiece
• Seminal Vesicles − contains mitochondria spiraled around the tail
− secrete 60% of the volume of semen filaments
• Ejaculatory Ducts
− a duct which semen is ejaculated
NCM107MCF: CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

LECTURE 2: Reproductive and Sexual Health

• Tail
− a typical flagellum produced by a centriole that
gives the sperm cell movement
NCM107MCF: CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

LECTURE 2: Reproductive and Sexual Health

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