SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND

ENDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

MACHINE DESIGN PROJECT…..1

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
SUBMMITED FOR INT;T.G\M
SUBMMITED DATE-26-12-2022
GEOMETRICAL ANALAYSIS
OF HYDRAULIC SCISSOR

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 CHAPTER ONE

 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO
HYDRAULIC SCISSOR
A hydraulic scissor jack is mechanical devices which used lifts equipment
which have heavy load or carried great applied force.its more powerful
jacks use hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater
distances.hydraulic scissor jacks are usually rated for maximum lifting
capacity. It used pressurized fluid for hydraulic system with in
cylinder .this jack employ hydraulic cylinder to apply very linear force
or to give mechanical advantage to allow to lift.and we will see this.

1.1 DEFINITION

A hydraulic scissor jack is a device that is used to lift vehicles at the

workshop or on the road during an emergency; hydraulic scissor jacks
can also be used to lift and provide stabilization for trailers for people
living in them or for loading and unloading them during moves.
Although jacks are mostly used for tire changes, they can also be used to
rotate tires and change the oil in a car. There are several different types
of hydraulic scissor jacks on the market depending on the type of job
you need done such as the drill powered hydraulic jack, wide hydraulic
scissor jack, the scissor jack lift, and the electric hydraulic scissor jack;
smaller versions of the jack like the small hydraulic scissor jack,the
portable hydraulic scissor jack or the compact hydraulic scissor jack and
larger versions of the jack like the heavy duty hydraulic scissor jack,

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hydraulic double scissor jack or the large hydraulic scissor jack are also
available.

1.2 Design of hydraulic scissor jack

There are many jacks on the market with a variety of weight capacities
but the most common types are the 1 ton hydraulic scissor jack and the
1.5 ton hydraulic scissor jack; PASSCA has two hydraulic models that
can lift up to 1 ton or 2 ton hydraulic scissor jack.this project will have
to maximize this by design hydraulic scissor jack because the capacity of
the hydraulic scissor is very small when compared to the present weight
that we are working in mechanical problem design
 given parameters

Given parameter quality

Maximum lifting capacity 8 ton
Maximum height 750mm
Minimum height 160mm
Weight given 4-5 kg

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1.3 Objective

1.31 General objective

 To design the hydraulic scissor jack.

 1.32 Specific objective

The projects relates to the designing of simple scissor jack and its along
with structural improvements of the jack to make more strong in-terms
of the weight capacity lifting after finish this project the jack can take
enough loads on uneven surfaces and some what inclination is allowed
 The project also aims at designing and stresses, efficiency,expected
life of screw
 The scopes of research were on designing 750mm maximum lifting
capacity of hydraulic scissor jack by using optimization concept
 Note I designing the hydraulic scissor jack components such us its
 upper link
 base plate
 lower link
 strength of part

1.4 Working Principle

The working principle of the hydraulic scissor jack follows Pascal’s

principle of fluid mechanics; the small piston on the outside of the jack is
able to move the hydraulic scissor jack’s fluid through the mechanism to

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create pressure on the larger piston by pumping the handle. The
hydraulic scissor jack pressure causes the large piston to rise up and
extend the lower and upper arms to create lift; when the jack is ready to
lower, the liquid pressure is released and the larger piston can be slowly
lowered to a resting state.

1.5 Components of hydraulic scissor jack

1.6 GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF HYDRAULIC SCISSOR

The specification of this jack is that they are all symmetrical. In order to
work the distance from the loaded point must be the same as the
distance from the cross to the point to the ground .this ensures that
weight distributed equally through the scissor jack beams.
Hydraulic scissor jack uses a fluid ,which is in-compressible,that is
forced in to a cylinder a pup plunger.oil is since it is self lubricating .
when the plunger pulls back ,it draws oil out of the reservoir through a
suction check valve ball is within the chomper and opens with each draw

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of the plunger .the discharge valve valve ball is outside the chomper and
opens when the oil is pushed in to the cylinder .at this point the suction
within the chomper is forced shut and oil pressure builds in the cylinder.

CHAPTER 2
GEOMETRIC,FORCE AND
STRENGTH ANALAYSIS OF
THE HYDRAULIC SCISSOR
2.1 GEOMETRIC ANALAYSIS
 2.11 DEFINITION
Geometric analysis can be defined as calculating at the geometric
dimension at hydraulics scissor jack with face first in the holding the
load related the applied load . therefore ,to determine the overall
dimension of hydraulic scissor jack, first we have to select the materials
that using for the designing of hydraulic scissor jack

 Let us consider the following figures

 At the maximum lifting position

hmax=750mm;at angle of omax

 At the minimum lifting position

hmin=160mm;at angle of omin

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 Change in height =maximum height - minimum height
=750mm-160mm=590mm
 All the sides are the same length
 The maximum angles of the member is 700 from the x- axis
Determine the position at which the links and supports will be minimize
at maximum lifting height

Fig.1.0 maximum hydraulic scissor with calculation

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 Fig.1.1of minimum hydraulic scissor

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 2.2 Material selection decision process

performance, function and cost of the product depends directly on its

material specifications.

Selecting wrong material for a critical application can cause catastrophic

consequences, also selecting a costly material over a cheap one in a non-
critical application would be a waste of money. Hence, the material
selection stage in mechanical design is a very important step to ensure
the apt material is chosen for the application.

The choice of material cannot be done made independently of the choice

of process. The design engineer generally selects the material and the
required process simultaneously unless there are multiple processes for
the same material. Yet, material properties depend a lot on the
processing stages it has gone through.

To select the right material for the design the engineer should have the
basic knowledge of

 The variety of materials available

 The manufacturing processes associated with them

 The Material properties associated with them

 Availability of material in market

Relationship diagram

For any physical product the relationship between Function, process,

material and shape is as below.

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Changing the material can directly affect the Shape, process as well as
the function,

Similarly changing the design can affect the process, material and
function. These inter-dependencies are always to be taken care of while
selecting material and process for a design.

 Therefore the problem of materials selection is solved by selecting

some material on the basis of their strength and modulus of elasticity
this project have compared the material to design-milled Steel or low
carbon steel -plain carbon steel -alloy steel and Ni,Cr,W,U,Ma,Si

Stainless steel and get an overall result for the best material to be low
carbon steel . the material be designed completely designed completely
using pain carbon steel to over estimate the safety ,we will calculations
of strength using plane carbon steel using plane carbon steel in its
understood .under distributed solid from medium carbon steel can be
heat threaded to have good balance of ductility and strength
DIVISION OF CARBON STEEL
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with carbon content up to maximum
0.5% .the carbons steel occur in the form of iron carbide because of its
ability to increase the hardness and strength to steel . most of the steel
produced now a day is plain carbon steel or simply carbon steel . the

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plain carbon steel varying from 0.065% to 1.5% are divided into the
following types depending on the carbon content
 1 dead mild steel
 2 low carbon steel
 3 medium carbon steel
 4 high carbon steel
The permissible stress of the selected material are
100Mpa intentionally and 50Mpa in Shear and
material properties low carbon steel at 250c
 density 7845Kg/m3
 piously ratio=0.3
 ultimate shear stress =341.4Mpa
 ultimate tensile stress =518.8Mpa yield strength=353.4Mpa

2.3 FORCE ANALAYSIS

To analysis the force on the hydraulic scissor jack ,first I must be
determine the position at which the force on the links and supports will
be minimized. So the force on the elements of scissor as shown below.

 From the given of my project

the load applied on the hydraulic scissor is 8ton means 80KN when we
change to the applied load
 Assumption
The acceleration of the hydraulic scissor is zero
Static analysis of force is considered

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 fx = 0, F1COSθ + F2COSθ = 0, θmax = 700

fy = 0, F2sinθ + F1sinθ + fy − F = 0

 sinθ(F2 + F1) + fy = F
80��
 F12sinθ= 3
=26.66*2KN
i. Fy =26.667KN
ii. F12=56.74KN
iii. F1=F4=28.38KN

 ASSUME FACTOR OF SAFETY=3 because the applied load

may be above the material

2.21 links of hydraulic scissor jack

The load on the links one is = 26.667KN minimum and the maximum
one is 28.38KN
Assuming a factor of safety as above mention is for the link must be
designed for buckling load of
Wcr=F.S*F=3*28.38=95.127KN

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 ASSUMPTION …2
A. Let …….t= thickness of the link
B. let……..b=width of the link
The width of the link is THREE times the thickness … this is for
the reason to maximize moment inertia means
1. Moment of inertia() =(1/12)*t*b3
2. Area=b*t and b =3t Area=3t2
3. I =1/12*t*b3=(1/12)*t*27t3=2.25t4
4. The radius of the gyration K2=I/A

K= � �=(2.25t4/3t2)=0.866t

The equivalent length 399mm/2=199.5mm

i. Rankine constant(a) =1/7500=1.33*10-4 and

��� 100∗3�2
ii. the bucking load formula Wcr= = =
1+�(1/�)2 1+1.33∗10−4(199.5/1.33�)2

300∗�2 ∗�2
95.127 *103 = �2 +7.056
=300t4-95.127*103t2-95.127*7.056*103 = 0

then by using
−�± �� −���
�= =17.3mm=18mm
��

Width=3t=54mm
Second buckling of the link in a plain perpendicular to the vertical
plane
 I=1/12*b*t3=26244mm4
 Area=t*b=18*54=648mm2
 radius of gyration=K= √�/�=0.866t=15.588mm
δc∗A
Again from the above Wcr= 1+�(1/�)2 =

300t2/(1+1/7500(199.5/15.588)2)=Wcrn

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 The difference between =Wcr > Wcrn=
95.127KN>85.14KN;then the link is safe

A. Lifting frame force analysis

1) Force analysis of link 2 and 3

i. �� = 0, − �1���� + �3���� = 0;
28.38sinθ-F3sinθ=0
F3=28.38KN
ii. Fx = 0, f1cos�+f2cos�=0 ;
F1=-F3=-28.38KN

2) Force analysis of link 3 and 5

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The maximum angles between link 3 and link 5are determined by sine
law formula …
Sin140/change in height=sina/length of the links
Change in height =750mm link length=399.5mm
r=900-a=200=20.030
 �� = 0, �3���20.03 + �5 = 0;
F5=28.38*cos20.03=26.667KN
means the main force which contains the hydraulic parts and gives force
to the hydraulic scissor to push the load up ward
Does not consider the x axis of force because the link 5 it have not the x
component of force
B. THE FORCE APPLIED ON THE PISTON
The force that applied on the piston is equal to the force of link 5 or
F5=26.667KN But the load applied by human may more less than this
because of the length of the point from the center when the Length
increase applied load quantity decrease so the load that we gate is below
this one by assumption of momentum.

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