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YADIRA GALLEGOS

UNIT 1:Present Conditionals

LESSON 1: LINKING WORDS
GRAMMAR
RESOURCE ON-LINE: LINKING WORD EXPLANATION
TYPE OF LINKER EXAMPLE BROAD MEANING EXAMPLE
*Cause because, so, Introduces a reason Tamara is tired because
and effect therefore, as. and shows result. She was running.
*Comparison but, on the Identifies similarities these cellphones are
other hand, in between two ideas. expensive. On the other
the same way. hand, they are exactly
whatwe want.
*Contrast yet, still, even identifies differences Silvia wasn’t happy, but she
though, after all, between two ideas. didn’t show it.
but.
*Time at once, when, indicates time and She went out after she had
then, before frequency of events. finished work.
that, after.
*Addition and, also, even, adds ideas in support They robbed a bank as well
as well as. of the main idea. as a post office.
*Example for example, introduces I think she is very rich for
such as, in this illustrations in example she gave twenty
situation, in this support of the main dollars to beggar.
case. idea.
*Sequence first, second, shows the When I get up, first, I take a
third, next, then. importance of the shower and I get dressed.
ideas by listening
according to priority.
*Summary in sum, in brief, draws conclusion by It is a love story, the actors
on the whole. summarizing the performed well, the
ideas. direction is excellent; in
brief, it is a good film.
Grammar chart by: Paulina Noriega

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1. Fill in the correct linking words from the list.
*in order to *however *as well as *also *then *so
*because *although *despite *such as *first

1) When Dad comes home from work, he lies down on the sofa because he is tired.
2) Marco had a headache yesterday, so he didn’t come to basketball practice.
3) Amanda phoned me in order to recommend a movie she had just seen
4) Although Samantha was very tired, she watched TV until well after midnight.
5) First, cut out the pictures, then glue them into your album.
6) I would like to learn Japanese; however, I don’t know anyone who can teach me.
7) The Hemingways are our neighbors as well as our friends.
8) Despite his injury, the boy desperately wanted to play for his team in the finals.
9) Besides being a well-known politician, John Smith can also play the piano very well.
10) He likes all kinds of sports, such as skiing, hockey, and volleyball.

2. Fill in the gaps with one of the suggested options (a, b, c or d)

Owning a car has several advantages. 1) First of all, you can go wherever you want, whenever
you
want. You don’t have to depend on public transport and 2) personally you feel more independent.
3) Besides this you are able to give lifts to friends, carry heavy leads of shopping. 4) on the other
hand, there can be some problems, especially if you live in a city. Running a car can be expensive,
and you have to spend money on items 5) As petrol and servicing the car. You might also have
problems with parking, as everywhere is becoming more and more crowded with cars.6)
However, most people feel that the advantages of owning a car outweigh the disadvantages. 7)
Consequently, most young people of my age start driving as soon as they can. 8) Personally, I
think that cars nowadays have become essential, but I also feel that they cause a lot of problems,
9) since they are noisy and dirty. 10) As a result, the large number of cars on the road means that
most towns and cities are organized for the convenience of cars, and the needs of pedestrians are
ignored.

1. a) first of all, b) as a result c) personally d) besides this

2. a) however, b) personally c) since d) as a result
3. a) in contrast b) in my view c) besides this d) however
4. a) on the other hand, b) to sum up c) thus d) for example
5. a) as b) such as c) owing to d) then
6. a) finally, b) secondly c) however d) as

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7. a) for b) next c) as well as this d) consequently

8. a) for example, b) personally c) nevertheless d) in comparison
9. a) for example b) however c) therefore d) since
10. a) as a result b) moreover c) personally d) in comparison

3. Rewrite these sentences using the words given in brackets.

1) Although the rain was falling heavily, they continued with the football match. (in spite of)

In spite of the rain was falling heavily, they continued with the football match.

2) Grandma cannot hear what you say because she is very deaf. (so.............. that)

Grandma cannot hear what you say so that she is very deaf.

3) She was such a tall girl that I found it difficult to dance with her. (So ………… that)

She was such a tall girl so that I found it difficult to dance with her.

4) Many rivers have burst their banks because there has been a heavy rainfall. (Because … of)

Many rivers have burst their banks because of there has been a heavy rainfall.

5) The driver instructor took Dan onto the main road because he wanted him to get
experience in high-speed driving. (so that)

The driver instructor took Dan onto the main road so that he wanted him to
get experience in high-speed driving.

6) We couldn’t go to the concert because the tickets were too expensive. (since)

We couldn't go to the concert since the tickets were too expensive.

7) In spite of the difficulty of the questions, he answered them all. (although)

Although the difficulty of the questions, he answered them all.

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8) I’ve told you this story because I don’t want you to forget the old days. (so that)

I've told you this story so that I don’t want you to forget the old days.

9) He is so energetic that he never looks tired. (such)

He is so energetic such he never looks tired.

10) As there were a lot of people, they had to open all the doors. (so many)

So many there people, they had to open all the doors.

LISTENING track 1 unit1

4. Do this exercise while you listen. Complete the gaps.

pilot dentist nurse shop assistant tour guide

1) Person A works as a
2) Person B works as a
3) Person C works as a
5) Person D works as a
6) Person E works as a
Do this exercise while you listen. Underline the correct answer for these questions.
7) Does speaker A enjoy his job?
Yes / Sometimes / No.
8) When does speaker B work?
Weekdays / Weekends and holidays / Summer holidays
9) Does speaker C like his job?
Yes / Sometimes / No.
10) What does speaker D say is difficult about being a pilot?
Travelling to many countries / Learning many languages / Flying planes in bad weather
11) What does speaker E not like about her job?
The doctors / The sick people / The uniform
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/elementary-a2-listening/work

Transition words are used to link sentences and ideas. If you use them correctly, your writing will
be easier to understand and more mature.

5. Directions: To practice, use the transitions at the bottom of each section. In each group, use a
transition only once. Capitalize when necessary.
1. I would like to see you tomorrow, so let’s have lunch together.

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2. Fernanda loves to eat; but I don’t care much about food.

3. When you begin an exercise program, you must be careful not to overdo it.
My father, for example, hurt his back by exercising too hard without warming up first.
4. She had looked everywhere for a job; finally, she was called for an interview.
5. Edison studies all the time; meanwhile, Rodrigo never studies.

for example, finally but so still beyond to the left meanwhile

6. First, Mariela went to the store. Then, she went to visit her mother.
7. I would like to read many books, but I don’t seem to have enough time to read.
8. Joel ate and ate; however, he never gained weight.
9. First, I will boil the water. Second, I will brew the tea, and third I willserve it.
10. He stayed up too late last night; therefore, he slept until noon.

third however consequently as a result then but therefore first

6. Write sentences again, using the word in brackets. The meaning must stay exactly the same.
1) Carolina is very good English speaker. You would think it was her native language.
(so) Carolina is very good English speaker. So, you would think it was her native language.
2) There were so many people in the room that we couldn’t move.
(such) There were so many people in the room, such that we couldn't move.
3) They missed the movie because there was such a lot of traffic.

(so) There was such a lot of traffic, so they missed the movie.

4) I can’t wear this coat in winter, It’s not warm enough.

(too) I can’t wear this coat in winter, too. It’s not warm enough.
5) When he speaks English, I can’t understand what he says.
(enough) When he speaks English, enough I can't understand what he says.
6) We lost the match although we were the better team.
(despite) Despite we were the better team, we lost the match.
7) In spite of not having eaten for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
(Even though) Even though not having eaten for 24 hours, I didn't feel hungry.
8) Despite her injured foot, she managed to walk to the village.
(although) Although her injured foot, she managed to walk
to the village.
9) Has Juan got divorced yet?
(still) Has Juan got still
divorced yet?

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10) Mario used to have long hair and a beard.

(no longer) Mario used to have no longer hair and a beard.

SPEAKING PRE-READING
7. Make a list of three of your favorite websites and answer the following questions:
Why do you like them? / How often do you visit them? /What is there to read or see on the website?

READING:

8 Choose a story and practice reading comprehension

https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/410/re

LESSON 2: ZERO CONDITIONAL

RESOURCE ON-LINE: ZERO CONDITIONAL

GRAMMAR
ZERO CONDITIONAL

(Simple Present) (Simple Present)

“if” / “when” clause main clause

if/ when it rains, the grass grows.

main clause “if” / “when” clause

The grass grows. if/ when it rains.

Grammar chart by: Paulina Noriega

9. Choose the beginnings of the sentences to complete the text.

Lions
If a lion joins a group of other lions
If lions go hunting
If a lion roar
If a lion is active
If male lions use cent marking

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1) If a lion roar, it can be heard over five miles away.

2) If a lion joins a group of other lions, it usually stays with them for three years.
3) If lions go hunting, they work in teams.
4) If a lion is active, they establish their territory.
5) If male lions use scent marking, it is usually at night.
Now choose the endings of the sentences to complete the text.
they are blind for six days.
they show their affection.
the loser often dies.
they have to leave their mothers.
lions fight them off.
6) If lions rub each other’s heads, they show their affection.
7) If any strange males try to enter their territory, lions fight them off.
8) If lions start fighting, the loser often dies.
9) If cubs are born, they are blind for six days.
10) If male cubs are two years old, they have to leave their mothers.
Table 1: https://www.e-grammar.org/conditional-0-exercises-pdf/

10. Complete the sentences with verbs in brackets.

David, what do you do if your parents are at home?
1) If my parents stay at home at weekends, I have to help with housework. (stay)
2) If my mother is at home, I do the washing up or hoovering. (be)
3) If she isn’t at home, I wash the car or work in the garden with my dad. (not be)

4) If they are at home on weekdays, I do my homework first and then go out. (be)
5) If my father doesn’t work in the evening, we play games on his computer. (not work)
And what do you do, and your sister do if your parents are not at home?
6) We don’t do the housework if they leave the house. (not do)

7) I just lie in bed if there is nothing to watch on TV. (lie)

8) Or I chat with my friends on Skype if they feel like chatting. (chat)
9) My little sister usually plays with her best friend if she comes to our place. (play)
10) But she doesn’t know what to do if her friend can’t come. (not know)

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SPEAKING PAIR WORK

11. Discuss the questions bellow with your partner.

1) What happens if you don’t study for a test?

1) What happens if you eat too much candy?

2) What happens if you always smile and say “Hello” to someone you don’t know?

3) What happens if you watch a sad movie?

4) What happens if you throw a piece of wood into fire?

5) What happens if you forget your umbrella on a rainy day?

6) What happens if you leave a restaurant without paying for your meal?

7) What happens if you play video games for ten hours?

12. Complete the sentences bellow by making Zero Conditional statements

1) If I am late for class, the teacher calls me absent.
2) When you make lots of noise, the baby cries.
3) If I miss the bus, I am late for college.
4) People get hungry when they haven't eaten.
5) If you study very hard, you pass the exam.
6) You should eat less when you are dieting.
7) I can’t do my homework when I'm really sleepy.
8) She always smiles when she is happy.
9) When I am sad, I listen to music.
10) When I cross the street, I look very well everywhere

13. Use the conditions and results in the box to complete the phrases bellow.
Conditions Results
you’ve got a headache a dog bites
you don’t wear a crash helmet the DVD player come on
she comes home very late Butter melts
you leave gates open in the farm it scratches you
you add sugar You have more chance of being killed

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1) Butter melts if you leave it in the sun.

2) If you’ve got a headache, take an aspirin.

3) If you add sugar, it tastes sweet.

4) A dog bites if you go near its food when it’s eating.

5) If you pull a cat’s tail, it scratches you.

6) You have more chance of

being killed if you don’t
wear a seat belt.

7) You can end up brain

damage if you don’t wear
a crash helmet.

8) If you press this switch,

the DVD player come on.

9) If she comes home very late, her folks get very angry.

10) Farmers get very angry If you leave gates open in the farm.

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14. Match the If clauses with the result clauses.

1) If you mix black and white, they die.

2) If you don´t water the flowers, they often feel the jet lag.

3) When you heat ice, tou get a dough.

4) If you freeze water, we always do it.

you can order a special meal.

5) When you tickle her,

you get grey.

6) If you mix flour and water,

She laughs.
7) When the teacher gives us homework,
it turns to ice.
8) If you pour oil water,

it floats.
9) If you hate airplane food,

it melts.
10) If the people travel a long distance

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LISTENING SONG, The Beatles “Rain” track 2 unit 1

15. Listen and complete

If the rain comes, they run and hide their 1)

They might as well be dead
If the rain comes, if the rain comes
When the sun 2) they slip into the shade
(when the sun shines down)
And sip their 3)
(when the sun shines down)
When the sun shines, when the sun shines

Rain, I don't mind

Shine, the weather's 4)
I can show you that when it 5) to rain
(When the rain comes down)
Everything's the 6)
(when the rain comes down)
I can show you; I can show you
Rain, I don't mind
Shine, the weather's fine
Can you hear me, that when it rains and 7)
(when it rains and shines)
It's just a state of 8) ?
(When it rains and shines)
Can you hear me, can you hear me?

READING VALERIA’S DAY

Valeria likes routines! Her office is very organized, and so is her life!
She always gets up at 5:30 a.m. If her alarm doesn`t ring, she still gets up!
She is very used to getting up at this time of day. Her roommate, Lorena, gets up early, too. If Lorena
makes coffee, Valeria makes the oatmeal. But whenever Lorena has a day off, she sleeps until 7:30 a.m.
So, every time Lorena has a day off, Valeria makes the coffee. When Valeria gets to the office, she says
hello to her receptionist. Her receptionist’s name is Bill, and he is also very organized. Bill gives Valeria

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a list of tasks for the day when she arrives. He also gives her a list of calls. If there are any calls to return,
Valeria does this first. She doesn’t like to keep people waiting! The only problem is, she goes to work so
early that usually no one is in their office yet! Well, maybe she’ll have another coffee first. Then she’ll
make all those phone calls!

16. Find three examples of zero conditionals in the story above and write them on the lines bellow.
1) She always gets up at 5:30 a.m. If her alarm doesn’t ring, she still gets up!
2) If Lorena makes coffee, Valeria makes the oatmeal.
3) When Valeria gets to the office, she says hello to her receptionist.
LESSON 3: FIRST CONDITIONAL

GRAMMAR
FIRST CONDITIONAL
(Simple Present) (Simple Future)
Possible situation + simple present Consequence + future with will, may, or might
“if” clause main clause
if I win the lottery, I’ll quit my job.
main clause “if” / “when” clause
I’ll quite my job if I win the lottery.
Grammar chart by: Paulina Noriega

RESOURCE ON-LINE: FIRST CONDITIONAL

17. Complete the following sentences with the words in brackets.

1) Her father will be angry if she goes to this party. (go)
2) If he works so hard, he will ruin his health. (work)
3) Maritza will learn English quicker if she goes to England. (learn)
4) Will his ticket still be valid if he misses the plane? (miss)
5) I will phone you if I don’t forget. (not/forget)
6) My parents won’t help me if I am in financial troubles. (not / help)
7) I will allow you to take my car if you drive slowly. (drive)
8) Valentina will come if she isn’t busy. (not / be)
9) What will they do if he doesn’t send the money? (they / do)

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10) If you aren’t careful, you will lose the job. (lose)

RESOURCE ON-LINE: HEALTHY PROBLEMS

VOCABULARY: HEALTHY PROBLEMS

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/cursosdeinglesats-2006890-flashcards-health-problems/

18. Choose: have/fell.

A: Hi Mariela. How are you?

B: I feel terrible.
A: What’s the matter?
B: I have a headache and a sore throat.A:
That’s too bad. Do you have a cold?
B: Yes. I have an appointment
to see the doctor today.
A: Well, I hope y
Ou feels better.
B: Thanks.

Read the dialogue:

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19. Answer the questions.

1) How does Sara feel today?

Sara isn’t feeling well.

2) What are her symptoms?

A terrible headache, throat hurt and cough.

3) What kind of illness does she have?

Flu.

4) What does the doctor tell her?

Stay home tomorrow get some rest, and drink plenty of juice and water.

20. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets.

1) We won’t have dinner if we arrive so late. (not have)
2) She'll sell the piano If She needs some money. (need)
3) Sue will be unhappy if she doesn’t gets any present. (not get)

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4) I will lend him some money if he gives it back soon. (give)

5) I won’t let you know if you don't take you mobile phone with you. (not let)
6) Even if I try to talk to him, he won't listen. (try)
7) It won't be possible unless they support us. (support)
8) If you have a bath, there will be no hot water left. (have)
9) She won't be slim if she doesn’t stop eating so much chocolate. (not stop)
10) The tea won’t be strong enough if you don't use three teabags. (not be)

21. There is one mistake in each sentence. Underline it and correct it.

Example:

If you will help me, we will finish on time. Help

1) Sara doesn’t come to the party if you don’t invite her. Won’t invite

2) If we’ll order the new TV set tomorrow, we’ll get it on Friday. We order

3) Nobody will like you if you won’t change your behavior. Don’t change

4) You will be able to use grammar correctly if you understand it. Will be

5) If you don’t make a mess in my bedroom, you don’t can share it with won’t can

6) You’ll get a discount providing if you’ll have their loyalty card. You have

7) Suppose they will win the match; will they be in the finals? They win

8) I get rid of my old car if you don’t need it. I will get

9) They’ll take some sandwiches with us in case we’ll be hungry. They take

10) He’ll speak to us if we won’t mention his name in the article. We don’t mention

LISTENING: SONG Freddie Jackson “If you don’t know me by now” track 3 unit 1
22. Listen and complete
If you don't know me by now
You will never never never know me
All the things that we've been 1)

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You should understand me like I understand you

Now girl I know the difference between right and wrong
I ain't gonna do nothing to break up our happy 2)
Oh don't get so excited when I come home a little late at night
'Cause we only act like children when we argue fuss and 3)
If you don't know me by now (If you don't know me)
You will never never never know me (No you won't)
If you don't know me by now
You will never never never know me
We've all got our own 4) moods
I've got mine, woman you've got yours too
Just trust in 5) like I trust in you

As long as we've been together it should be so easy to do

Just get yourself 6) or we might as well say goodbye
What good is a 7) affair when you can't see eye to eye, oh

SPEAKING POSSIBLE EVENTS

23. Group work: Write five possible events, one student completes an event with a consequence.
The next student adds a consequence. Suggest at least five consequences.
24. Complete this email from one friend to another by putting in the correct positive or negative
forms of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple or will/won’t. Use short forms.
NEGATIVE: (Use contractions)
Thanks, four you message, it was great to hear your news. I’m very busy at the moment because my exams
start next week. If I get 0 (get) the right grades, I’ll start (start) my university course in November. But if I
do 1 (do) well enough in them, I ‘ll be able to 2 (be able to) go to that university. So, I’m working very hard.

Thanks for inviting me to come and stay with you during the summer. I ‘ll do 3 (do) it. If flights are 4 (be) too
expensive. I’m planning to get a job for a few weeks and I ‘ll save 5 (save) enough money to come if I find 6
(find) one. It will be 7 (be) a pity if we see 8 (see) each other, so I’ll do my best. Other news? We’ll, the weather’s
terrible here at the moment. If it improves 9 (improve), I think ¡ will go 10 (go) mad! I hope you’re OK. If you
write 11 (write) to me again soon, I will reply 12 (reply) as quickly as I can.

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25. Let’s add the negative statement of the verb.

1) (not stop) If it doesn’t stops raining by tomorrow, we won’t have to go work as usual.
2) (not come) If the pizza doesn’t comes soon, we can eat a sandwich instead.
3) (not be) If there doesn’t is any milk in the refrigerator, I’ll go to the store.
4) (not snow) If it doesn’t snows tomorrow, we won’t go skiing.
5) (not rain) My sister will paint the garage, if it doesn’t rains on Saturday.
6) (not go) If we don’t go to work, we won’t get paid.
7) (not buy) We won’t go, if we don’t buy a ticket.
8) (not go) I will call you, if David doesn’t goes to the movies.
9) (not be) They will go jogging, if it doesn’t is raining outside.
10) (not ring) If the cell phone doesn’t rings this midday, Karen will take a nap.

RESOURCE ON-LINE: WORKPLACES

VOCABULARY: WORKPLACES

https://www.englishactivities.net/englishvocabulary?topic=Workplaces&level=secondary

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26. Complete with the correct profession and workplace in the following pictures:

1) She is a waitress 2) He is a doctor 3) He is a policeman

She works restaurant He works hospital He works police station

4) He is a farmer 5) She is a librarian 6) He is a diputy

He works farm She works library He works office

7) He is a fireman 8) He is a mechanic 9) He is a judge

He works fire station He works mechanics He works court

RESOURCE ON-LINE: VOCABULARY ABOUT JOBS

Table 2: http://www.colegiolatinoamericano.org/assets/uploads/act_4_10mo.docx

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READING Superstitions
Read the article about the origin of two superstitions

“A broken
In ancient
analyzing their reflections. Divination was perf ormed with the help of water and a looking glass

asked to look into the glass. If his image appeared distorted, he would to die soon; if it was clear,
he would l omans added a twist to the superstition. At that
ill-
health and misfortune, rather than death.
“A black cat crossing your path is lucky/unlucky.”
Many cultures agree that black cats are powerful omens, but do they signify good or evil?

seventeenth century in England. King Charles I had a black cat as a pet. When the cat died, King
Charles lamented that his luck was gone. The day after the cat’s death he was arrested and

watching you. This was a strong belief held by the Pilgrims when they came to America, perhaps
explaining the strong association between black cats and witchcraft that exists in the country to

28. Write the superstitions related to these words: LADDER, SHOOTING STAR.
Superstitions Ladder: A ladder leaning against a wall represents the Trinity and going through it

means you are desecrating it.

Superstitions Shooting Star: Seeing a shooting star means a change or great event that will be

present, but it can also be a sign of the end of a cycle.

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WRITING SAVE THE WORD

29. Write a letter or email to your friends about What will happen to the earth in the future if We
don’t recycle. Write 110 words.
Hello friends, for a long time I wanted to tell you something that I thought would be very important
for all of us to know, it's about recycling, can you imagine if we don't recycle or if we stopped recycling
what would happen to the world in the future? If we do not recycle, our homes and habitats will be
destroyed and everyday products will run out, if we do not recycle people could die due to toxic gases,
this is very harmful to the environment and health. If people didn't recycle, the earth's water would be
left dirty by all the garbage, leaving people with no water to drink. The effects of not recycling can be very
dangerous for the ecosystem and for the health of living beings. That's why guys it's very important to
recycle, here I leave this little reflection for you to consider.
I love.
Yadira

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