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Itec 90 Reviewer

This document defines key networking concepts and components. It discusses wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It also covers networking hardware such as hubs, switches, routers, and cables. Common network protocols like TCP, IP, and HTTP are explained. Finally, it defines other important networking terms including MAC addresses, IP addresses, default gateways, and network types.

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Mark Nathan Batula
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50 views

Itec 90 Reviewer

This document defines key networking concepts and components. It discusses wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It also covers networking hardware such as hubs, switches, routers, and cables. Common network protocols like TCP, IP, and HTTP are explained. Finally, it defines other important networking terms including MAC addresses, IP addresses, default gateways, and network types.

Uploaded by

Mark Nathan Batula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ITEC 90: NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

Wide area network (WAN) spans multiple Cross-over – connects two computers
geographic areas and is usually connected together without using a switch (or two
by common telecommunication carriers. switches directly). It is most often used to
connect two devices of the same type: e.g.
Computer networks – allows transfer of two computers (via network interface
files, data, and shared application. controller) or two switches to each other.

Local area network (LAN) a group of Rollover Wired Cables – most commonly
computers connected to one another in a called rollover cables, have opposite Pin
single building. assignments on each end of the cable. Not
intended to carry data but instead create an
Metropolitan area network (MAN) is a interface with the device
computer network that interconnects users
with computer resources in a geographic Telnet access – used to be a common way
region of the size of a city. to access network devices

Protocol – Defined method for Console access – used to configure newly


communicating between system acquired devices that usually don’t have an
IP address configured, and therefore cannot
Presentation responsibilities – Data be accessed through the network
translation – Data formatting – Data syntax
restructuring – Data encryption – Data Hubs – Generic connection device used to
compression tie several networking cables together to
create a link between different stations on a
Internet Protocol (IP) is the primary OSI network
network layer (layer three) protocol that
provides addressing, datagram routing and Active Hubs – Amplify or repeat signals
other functions in an internetwork. that pass through them
Passive Hubs – Merely connects cables on
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a network and provides no signal
the primary transport layer (layer four) regeneration
protocol, and is responsible for connection
establishment and management and Router – Provide filtering and network
reliable data transport between software traffic control on LANs and WANs
processes on devices.
Internetworks – Networks connected by
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) This multiple routers.
connection-oriented protocol allows you to
connect your computer to other computers Routing – The term Routing is used for
on the Internet and view Web page content. taking a packet from one device and
Used to fetch a website from a web server sending it through the network to another
device on a different network.
Straight through – Used in local area
networks to connect a computer to a Core layer – Provides fast transport
network hub such as a router. Also called as between distribution switches within the
patch cable. enterprise campus

Access layer – Provides workgroup/user


access to the network
Static – by configuring the device with a
Link – is a network or router interface specific address
assigned to any given network. When an
interface is added to the OSPF process, it’s Dynamic – by letting the device
considered by OSPF to be a link. automatically learn its address from the
network
Default gateway – Is a router that hosts The first octet on an address dictates
use to communicate with other hosts on the class of that address.
remote networks.
The broadcast – address identifies all hosts
Network – is a set of hardware devices on a particular network. A packet sent to the
connected together, either physically or broadcast address will be received and
logically to allow them to exchange processed by every host on that network.
information.
Subnetting – is basically borrowing host
Computer Networks allows transfer of bits (bits from the host portion) to become
files, data, and shared application network bits.

Networking Software – The programs Media – Refers to the wire cabling that form
used to run a network the connections in most networks

Extranet – is the part of the company’s Peer-to-peer network – When every


network that allows access to computer on a network acts as both a client
nonemployees. and a server

Intranet – is the part of the company’s – Also known as “workgroups”


network that allows access to employees
Network Types:
Servers – host the resources for the clients
to use and provide security • Local area network (LAN)
• Wide area network (WAN)
Octet – four decimal numbers separated by • Metropolitan area network (MAN)
dots, converted to its binary form. • Storage area network (SAN)
• Network Operating System (NOS)
Dotted – decimal notations used when • Network Interface Card (NIC)
binary IP addresses are written in decimal
format. Networking hardware – describes all the
physical components of a network, such as
Host Address – IP addresses assigned to the NIC, cable, hub, switch, router, and any
computers and interfaces. related connectors or devices.

MAC Address – identifies a specific NIC in Networking software – The programs used
a computer on a network. to run a network.

Broadcast Address – the address used by Virtual private networks – Network that
computers to send to all codes in a network. uses a public communications infrastructure
The broadcast address is the last address (like the Internet) to facilitate private
of a network. communication between a company LAN
and remote employees.
ITEC 90: NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

Extranet is the part of the company’s Host Address - IP addresses assigned to


network that allows access to computers and interfaces.
nonemployees.
Broadcast Address – the address used by
Intranet is the part of the company’s computers to send to all codes in a network.
network that allows access to employees The broadcast address is the last address
of a network.
4 topologies most commonly used to build
Broadcast – a frame meant for the entire
most networks: network

• Star
• Bus
• Mesh
• Ring

7. Application layer

• Application responsibilities
• Presentation responsibilities
• Session services
• Transport responsibilities
• Network functions
• Data Link responsibilities
• Physical responsibilities

Types of Network Media:

• twisted-pair cabling
• coaxial cabling
• fiber-optic cabling
• wireless

MAC address – Found at the Data Link


layer of the OSI model

– Used by bridges and switches to make


forwarding decisions within a network or
subnetwork

IP address – Logical address when TCP/IP


is used on an internetwork

• Routers use the IP address

Network Address – the first IP address in a


network. It is reserved and is only used to
identify a whole set of addresses on a
network. All computers that belong to the
same network share a network address.

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