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STD XI - Eco - Organisation of Data - Notes

This document discusses the classification and organization of data. [1] Data can be classified to simplify complex data, facilitate understanding and comparison, and make analysis and interpretation easier. [2] Statistical series arrange data systematically based on individual units like raw data or alphabetical/numerical order, or based on frequency distribution which classifies data by value into classes. [3] Series can be discrete taking particular values or continuous taking any value in a given range, and methods like class limits, intervals, and frequencies are used to construct continuous series.

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608 views

STD XI - Eco - Organisation of Data - Notes

This document discusses the classification and organization of data. [1] Data can be classified to simplify complex data, facilitate understanding and comparison, and make analysis and interpretation easier. [2] Statistical series arrange data systematically based on individual units like raw data or alphabetical/numerical order, or based on frequency distribution which classifies data by value into classes. [3] Series can be discrete taking particular values or continuous taking any value in a given range, and methods like class limits, intervals, and frequencies are used to construct continuous series.

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lakshya mathur
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Chapter – 3

Organisation of Data class 11 Notes

1. Classification of Data :-
The process of grouping data according to their characteristics is known as classification of data.

2. Objectives of Classification :-

a] To simplify complex data


b] To facilitate understanding
c] To facilitate comparison
d] To make analysis and interpretation easy.
e] To arrange and put the data according to their common characteristics.

3. Statistical Series :-

Systematic arrangement of statistical data

I. Can be on the basis of individual units :- The data can be individually presented in two
forms:
i] Raw data : Data collected in original form.
ii] Individual Series : The arrangement of raw data individually. It can be expressed in two ways.
a] Alphabetical arrangement : Alphabetical order
b] Array : Ascending or descending order.
II. Can be on the basis of Frequency Distribution :- Frequency distribution refers to a table in
which observed values of a variable are classified according to their numerical magnitude.

1. Discrete Series :-

A variable is called discrete if the variable can take only some particular values.
2. Continuous Series :-

A variable is called continuous if it can take any value in a given range. In constructing continuous
series we come across terms like:
a] Class : Each given internal is called a class e.g., 0-5, 5-10.
b] Class limit : There are two limits upper limit and lower limit.
c] Class interval : Difference between upper limit and lower limit.
d] Range : Difference between upper limit and lower limit.

e] Mid-point or Mid Value :


f] Frequency : Number of items [observations] falling within a particular class.
i] Exclusive Series : Excluding the upper limit of these classes, all the items of the class are
included in the class itself. E.g., :
ii] Inclusive
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40

Number of Students 2 5 2 1

Series : Upper class limits of classes are included in the respective classes. E.g.,
Marks 0-9 10-19 20-29

Name of Students 2 5 2

Open End Classes :


The lower limit of the first class and upper limit of the last class are not given. E.g.,
Marks Below 20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50 and above

Number of Students 7 6 12 5 3

iii] Cumulative Frequency Series : It is obtained by successively adding the frequencies of the
values of the classes according to a certain law.
a] ‘Less than’ Cumulative Frequency Distribution : The frequencies of each class-internal are
added successively.
b] ‘More than’ Cumulative Frequency Distribution : The more than cumulative frequency is
obtained by finding the cumulative totals of frequencies starting from the highest value of the
variable to the lowest value.

Mark No. of Marks No. of Marks No. of


s Students Students Students
0-10 2 Less 2 More 50
than 10 than 0
10-20 5
Less 7 More 48
than 20 than 10
20-30 10
Less 17 More 43
30-40 12
than 30 than 20
40-50 17
Less 29 More 33
50-60 4 than 40 than 30

Less 46 More 21
than 50 than 40

Less 50 More 4
than 60 than 50

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