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Chapter 13

This document outlines 7 activities from a chapter on geology and earth science. Activity 1 describes an experiment demonstrating how the Earth's core provides heat and the crust responds similarly to powder on water. Activity 2 involves comparing powder on water before and after heating. Activity 3 discusses the Ring of Fire and volcanoes/earthquakes along tectonic plate boundaries. Activity 4 defines seismic waves, faults, and epicenters and compares scales for measuring quakes. Activities 5-7 involve identifying rock types in diagrams, defining mineral compound terms, and labeling types of mining.

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ZXARIS VALERIO
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69 views

Chapter 13

This document outlines 7 activities from a chapter on geology and earth science. Activity 1 describes an experiment demonstrating how the Earth's core provides heat and the crust responds similarly to powder on water. Activity 2 involves comparing powder on water before and after heating. Activity 3 discusses the Ring of Fire and volcanoes/earthquakes along tectonic plate boundaries. Activity 4 defines seismic waves, faults, and epicenters and compares scales for measuring quakes. Activities 5-7 involve identifying rock types in diagrams, defining mineral compound terms, and labeling types of mining.

Uploaded by

ZXARIS VALERIO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 13

CHAPTER 13
Activity 1. (20 points)
Activity 2. (20 points)
Activity 3. (10 points)
Activity 4. 28 points
Activity 5 (9 points).
Activity 6 (12 points)
Activity 7. (8 points)
ACTIVITY 1
 Materials needed 1. 1/2 cup water 2. 3 sachets Milo powder (or its equivalent) 3. Small flat pan (about 6-12
inches diameter) 4. Heat source (ex. stove) 5. Spoon Procedures (Be sure to have an adult supervise you
while doing the activity at home) 1. Pour the cup of water onto the pan 2. Empty the sachets of milo over the
water and evenly flatten the powder with a spoon 3. Heat the pan over the stove at low fire for 5 – 10
minutes 4. Observe what happens to the surface of the powder Describe the appearance of the powder

A. Before heating.
THE POWDER IS INTACT AND FLOATS ON THE WATER

B. After heating
SOME POWDER HAS MELTED DUE TO THE HEAT ALTHOUGH THERE ARE STILL SOME POWDER FLOATING

What made the difference in the appearance of the powder after heating?
THE THEORY OF PANGEA IS BEING DEMONSTRATED OR PROVEN IN THIS EXPERIMENT. THE CORE ACTS AS THE HEAT
SOURCE AND THE EARTH'S CRUST, AS THE POWDER IN THE EXPIREMENT.
ACTIVITY 2 (ATTATCH PICTURE HERE)
BEFORE HEATING AFTER HEATING
ACTIVITY 3
 The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific
Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized
by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Its
length is approximately 40,000 kilometers (24,900
miles). It traces boundaries between
several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Juan de
Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American,
and Philippine Plates.
 Seventy-five percent of Earth’s volcanoes—more than
450 volcanoes—are located along the Ring of Fire.
Ninety percent of Earth’s earthquakes occur along its
path, including the planet’s most violent and
dramatic seismic events.
ACTIVITY 4

1. Define the different terms labelled on the picture above.(12 points)

2. Compare and contrast the Richter scale and the moment


magnitude scale. (10 points)
3. Define the following terms in relation to earthquakes; (6 points)
1. Landslide
2. Tsunami
DEFINITION OF
SEISMIC WAVES
a wave of energy that is generated by an earthquake or other earth vibration and that travels within the earth or along its s urface.
A seismic wave is a wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth. It can result from an earthquake, volcanic eruption, magma movement,
a large landslide, and a large man-made explosion that produces low-frequency acoustic energy.

FOCUS
The focus is point inside the earth where the earthquake started, sometimes called the hypocenter, and the point on the surface of the earth
directly above the focus is called the epicenter.
FAULT
A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. This movement may
occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the form of creep. Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to
thousands of kilometers.

EPICENTER
The epicenter, epicentre or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the
Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake
or an underground explosion originates
ACTIVITY 4 COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE RICHTER SCALE AND THE MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE.

 Richter Scale is mostly effective for regional earthquakes no greater than M5. Moment
Magnitude is more effective for large earthquakes Moment Magnitude uses more variables to
calculate the energy released using seismic moment. Seismic moment combines the seismic energy
with offset on the fault and rigidity of rock.
ACTIVITY 4 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

LANDSLIDE
Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as
rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows

TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large
lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions above or below water all have the potential to generate a
tsunami.
ACTIVITY 5 LABEL THE TYPE OF ROCK IN THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE CYCLE BELOW.
ACTIVITY 6 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS IN RELATION TO MINERAL COMPOUNDS

1. Sulfides -

2. Oxides –

3. Metals -

4. Non-metals -

5. High grade Ores -

6. Low grade Ores


 SULFIDES
THE SULPHIDE MINERALS ARE THE MAJOR SOURCE OF WORLD SUPLIES OF A VERY WIDE RANGE OF METALS AND ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP OF ORE
MINERALS. A LIMITED NUMBER OF SULPHIDE MINERALS ARE FOUND AS ACCESSORY MINERALS IN ROCKS

OXIDE
An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the
dianion of oxygen, an O2– ion. with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides.

METALS
A metal is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well.
Metals are typically ductile and malleable. These properties are the result of the metallic bond between the atoms or molecules of the metal.

 NON METALS
In chemistry, a nonmetal is a chemical element that generally lacks a predominance of metallic properties; they range from co lorless
gases to shiny solids. The electrons in nonmetals behave differently from those in metals.
 HIGH GRADES ORE
High-grade ore contains a large concentration of the desired mineral. It has less impurities. Low-grade ore has a smaller
concentration. It has more impurities.

LOW GRADES ORE


Low grade ores, are those with a low concentration of metals, like shale and schist etc.
ACTIVITY 7- TYPES OF MINING

SHAFT MINING
SLANT MINING
OPEN PIT MINING

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