NAME: GRADE & SECTION:

TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Senior High School Department

S.Y. 2022-2023
1st Semester

ORAL COMMUNICATION in CONTEXT

Grade Level: Subject Classification: Quarter/Term: Date: Week: Module Number:
11 CORE Midterm September 5-16, 2022 3&4 2

Most Essential Learning

Topic/s Content Standard/s: Performance Standards Learning Objectives
Competencies (MELCs)
a. Define the concept of
Barriers of communication breakdown;
Communication The learner understands the The learner… b. Identify the different kinds of
The learner… barriers to effective
nature and elements of oral a. designs and performs
a. uses various communication;
Strategies To communication in context. effective controlled and
strategies in order to c. Explain why there is a
Avoid uncontrolled oral
avoid communication breakdown of communication;
Communication The learner values the functions/ communication activities
breakdown/barriers and
Breakdown purposes of oral communication. based on context.
d. Give examples of strategies to
avoid communication
breakdown.
Values Integration: Show ingenuity and humility in accomplishing the tasks on this module.
Google Classroom Code: raqq6xl References:
Philippe John Fresnillo & Anne Richie Garcia Balgos 2016 Oral Communication in Context For
Senior High School, C&E Publishing Inc.
NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

DISCOVERY ACTIVITY

Instructions: Using the table below, describe four types of people you had communicated within your community. For each person you identified,include a description of the
situation, and the ways you communicated with each of them. DETACH THIS SHEET/PAGE and STAPLE THIS TOGETHER WITH YOUR ANSWERS IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL
ACTIVITY/IES AND ASSESSMENT/S.

Type of Person Situation Communication Method Used

EXAMPLE: Student EXAMPLE: My classmate asked EXAMPLE: We communicated online

me about the activity in Oral via Messenger.
Communication course.
1.

2.

3.

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

DISCUSSION

WEEK 1 LESSON TOPIC: BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

Effective communication requires messages to be conveyed clearly between communicators, but along the way there are many communication barriers that lead to
communication breakdowns. To become an effective communicator, you should recognize these barriers that hinder the communication process.

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

I. PHYSICAL BARRIER is the environmental and natural condition that act as a barrierin communication in sending message from sender to receiver.

When messages are sent by the sender, physical barriers like doors, walls, distance, etc. do not let the communication become effective. The barriers are less if tififhe
proximity of the sender and the receiver is high and less technologies are required.

Disturbance in hearing due to thunders, telephone call disconnection, problems in television reception, message not being sent in chat, etc. are some examples of
physical barriers of communication.

II. LINGUISTIC BARRIER arises due to differences in languages, words meaning orpronunciation.

The following are some of the examples of linguistic barriers.

Different languages or lack of common language can create obstacles incommunication. A person who does not understand the native language or cannot
even communicate well of a certain language can become a very difficult situation.
• Multiplicity of words - word power is gift to human beings but with the multiple meanings or spellings of the words, it can create problems in communication.
• Words with similar pronunciation but different meaning [homophones] also create problems in communication. For example, except-accept, fair-fare, council-
counsel, principal-principle, etc.
• Jargons refer to the technical words used by professionals such as engineers/doctors or any other professionals. Many times, jargon words are used
unintentionally, but common people or those who do not understand themeaning of these words face problems.
• By-passed instructions which means using many short cuts while passing themessages. For example, a manager ordered the newly appointed secretary to go and
burn the C.D. She literally burned it. He meant to copy the C.D.

III. Cultural barrier refers to the way a person responds in a communication situation affected by personal norms and traditions.

Culture is way of life, values or principles. Due to globalization and liberalized policies in business, people around the world are travelling and working in multinational
corporates or companies. This led to mixing or intermingling between people that may result to communication failure.

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

The following are some examples of cultural barriers.

• Concept of Time: Time is not perceived similarly across cultures. In Westernculture, time is important. In Asian culture, time is taken leisurely. The concept
of punctuality differs in cultures.
• Etiquettes and Mannerisms: In every society or culture, different types of mannerisms are observed. This includes rule of behaviors or how to follow certain
code of conduct. Different forms of address and salutation or different methods of dressing [formal or informal wearing] are observed. This can be confusing
sometimes.
• Food preparation method or serving methods are not the same. There are certain expected norms of eating food in meeting. These are called dining
etiquettes.
• Body Language [non-verbal behavior] methods around the world are not thesame. There can be misunderstandings because of this.
• Proximity [concept of space] differs from culture to culture. In some culture, close distance between people is not approved. In some culture, close distance
is accepted.
• Value system is not the same across cultures.

III. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER of communication is the influence of psychological stateof the communicators (sender and receiver) which creates an obstacle for effective
communication.
Communication is highly influenced by the mental condition that the communicators are in and is disturbed by mental disturbance. If the people involvedin
communication are not emotionally well, they will not be able to communicate properly.
The following are some examples of psychological barriers.

Lack of Attention

When a person’s mind is distracted or preoccupied with other things, the personis not able to form proper message, listen to what others tell him/her, interpret the
message as required and give proper feedback. The communication will face problems and becomes ineffective. A person in tragedy, for instance, does not want to
listen to other people giving advice.
A person might be preoccupied by the problems of his/her professional life or personal life, which affects both.

Distrust and Defensiveness

Communication is successful when the communicators trust each other. Lack of trust makes them derive negative meaning of the message and they ignore the
message. When a person tries to force his/her own ideas and opinions, then receiver does not listen. If the receiver does not agree to the message provided or thinks
ofit as a threat, he/she will not listen to it.

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

Similarly, when the message is not transferred across to the receiver, the communication fails. For example, I don’t trust a friend, I will only give the details, of
what is happening in my personal life which I think are harmless.

Perception, Viewpoint, Attitudes and Opinions

Perception is the mindset using which people judge, understand and interpret everything. Each person has his/he own perception of reality which is shaped
frommental and sensory experiences.
Likewise, viewpoint is also a mindset to look at the world. Sender might have a particular viewpoint that is not shared by the receiver. The sender does not
explainthe viewpoint but takes the viewpoint as granted. The message is not understood by the receiver as must have been understood, creating a barrier to effective
communication.
Attitude is the established way in which we think and feel about things and ideas which also creates a psychological communication barrier.
For example, a person takes females to be weak which is the person’s perception. He/she tells that to someone who does not think so. This causes a
misunderstanding between the two. Everything they communicate after that becomes unsuccessful that the view of the person is already set.

Emotions

Anyone who is not in a good mood is likely to talk less or talk negatively. A preoccupied mind is not good at communicating. For example, when a person is
angry, he/she might say things they regret later. Even when listening to someone else speak, an angry person might easily misinterpret the message.

Various other emotions like fear, nervousness, confusion, mistrust and jealousy affect communication process. For example, a person having extreme moods of
happiness will laugh at anything at all said to him/her. The same person when sad will cry or get angry at insignificant situations.

Closed Mind and Filtering

Man is selfish by nature and put his own needs and problems above all else. This sometimes leads people to filter information that someone is trying to convey
to them. This might be due to mistrust, competition, jealousy, or the view that the message is insignificant.
For example, a senior in a company does not want the junior to do better at work, the person filters the information and does not provide crucial information that
could help the junior. The junior therefore will not be able to complete the work properly and progress in ranks. Similarly, when a person is close minded, the person
will have fixed opinions on many things which the person believes resolutely. The person will interpret any information in a negative way.
For example, a sexist person does not accept the suggestions of a female col-league in a meeting that affects the communication flow in the meeting. It is difficult
to argue with such close-minded people and give proper information.

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

Premature Evaluation

Some people are always in a hurry by habit. These kinds of people most likelymake quick judgments and jump into conclusions. They do not consider all aspects of the information
such as social, cultural, economic, etc. and often end up taking quick and wrong decisions.
It is important to hear the whole message to make proper judgments because they are not changed easily after they are once made.
For example, a person is in a hurry and talks on the phone, the person does not listen to half the message and makes the decision which is wrong in the situation.
Psychological barriers affect communication more as information is formed in the brain and is sent by people with various psychological condition which differs from one moment to
another. Information is as effective as the people involved make it.
Similarly, the psychological condition of the receiver also has as much im- portance as the sender. Communication is ineffective if psychological aspects of communication acts as
a barrier to communication.

NOTE: (BEFORE PROCEEDING TO WEEK 2 LESSON, ANSWER ACTIVITY 1 IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY FOUND ON PAGE 9 THEN WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN
A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER (Intermediate or Yellow paper).

WEEK 2 LESSON TOPIC: STRATEGIES TO AVOID COMMUNCIATION BREAKDOWN

Communication happens every day. There are instances that barriers to communication can cause communication breakdown. This communication breakdown can be
avoided if communicators follow some strategies put forward by experts in the field. By following the 7 Cs proposed by Broom, Cutlip, and Center (2012) in their book Effective
Public Relations, we may achieve successful communication.

1. Completeness
Complete communication is essential to the quality of the communication process in general. Hence, communication should include everything that the receiver needs to
hear for him/ her to respond, react, or evaluate properly.

2. Conciseness
Conciseness does not mean keeping the message short, but making it direct or straight to the point. Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated from the
communication that will be sent to the recipient.

3. Consideration

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

To be effective, the speaker should always consider relevant information abouthis/her receiver such as mood, background, race, preference, education, status, and
needs, among others. By doing so, he/she can easily build rapport with theaudience.

4. Concreteness
Effective communication happens when the message is concrete and supported by facts, figures, and real-life examples and situations. In this case, the receiver
is more connected to the message conveyed.

5. Courtesy
The speaker shows courtesy in communication by respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of his/her receivers. Being courteous at all times creates a positive
impact on the audience.

6. Clearness
Clearness in communication implies the use of simple and specific words to express ideas. It is also achieved when the speaker focuses only on a single
objective in his/her speech so as not to confuse the audience.

7. Correctness
Correctness in grammar eliminates negative impact on the audience and increases the credibility and effectiveness of the message.

NOTE: (ANSWER ACTIVITY 2 IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY FOUND ON PAGE 9 THEN WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER either
intermediate or yellow paper).

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY

Important Instructions: Do Activity 1 and 2. Staple the sheets of paper that contain your answer to this page. Submit them together with your answer in Assessment/s.

ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Read and analyze each item below and identify the kind of communication barrier exemplified by each description. Tell whether it is Physical, Psychological,
Cultural, or Linguistic Barrier. Write your answer on aseparate sheet of paper.
1. different family orientation
2. use of metaphorical language
3. cognitive overload
4. shyness
5. fear and trauma
6. poor acoustics
.7. blaring of bus horns
8. lack of attention and interest
9. defective translation
10. use of slangs

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Match the following features of an effective communication withtheir corresponding description. Write only the letter of the correct answer in the blank.

1. Conciseness a. the use of facts, figures, and real-life examples and situations to support your message
2. Courtesy b. the use of simple and specific words to express ideas
3. Concreteness c. a message that is direct and straight to the point
4. Clearness d. an act of respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of the receiver
5. Consideration e. message that shows insensitivity
f. a message that is keen to the relevant information of the receiver as the mood, need, preference, status, and among others

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

Topic/s
Week 1: Barriers of Communication

Week 2: Strategies To Avoid Communication Breakdown

NOTE: Do RETURN or SUBMIT this page together with the Developmental Activities to your Subject Teacher.

WEEK 1 ASSESSMENT

Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What happens when the intended receiver does not get the message conveyed bythe sender accurately and clearly?

a. There will be a communication breakdown.

b. The process of communication will continue.

c. The communication strategy used will be considered appropriate.

d. The sender will disregard the responsibility of making communication successful.

2. An older CEO is not sure what a young department head means when he refers toan employee as "spaced out." What is the problem encountered by the CEO in
the situation above?

a. physical barrier c. linguistic barrier

b. cultural barrier d. psychological barrier

3. A new employee with an innovative idea fails to speak up at a meeting, chaired bythe department head, for fear of criticism. What is the problem encountered by the
new employee in the situation above?

a. physical barrier c. linguistic barrier

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

b. cultural barrier d. psychological barrier

4. Which of the following refers to the way a person responds in a communication situation affected by beliefs, traditions, and norms?

a. physical barrier c. linguistic barrier

b. psychological barrier d. cultural barrier

5. Which is the best option to avoid misinterpretation that causes communication barrier?

a. Set aside your emotional issues.

b. Familiarize the topic of the speaker.

c. Ask for the meaning of difficult word.

d. Disregard age and status differences.

6. Which of the following is not considered as linguistic barrier?

a. vocabulary differences c. personal beliefs

b. use of unclear symbols d. use of inappropriate words

7. Which of the following is not a physical barrier to listening?

a. uncomfortable seating arrangement c. well-ventilated conference room

b. poor acoustics d. jam-packed room

8. Communication breakdown occurs because .

a. the receiver is attentive to details

b. the receiver experiences information overload

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

c. the sender uses language appropriate for his audience

d. the sender and receiver take turn in speaking

9. Which of the following is not the best strategy to avoid communication breakdown?

a. Observe concreteness in communication to create positive impact to the audience.

b. Observe clearness to avoid confusions among the audience.

c. Use technical words to impress the audience.

d. Use appropriate speaking volume, pitch rate, proper enunciation, stress, andacceptable pronunciation.
10. What is considered an effective communication?

I. Communication meets the purpose of the sender.

II. Communication breakdown is not evident.

III. It is when the person who you are talking to listens actively, absorbs your point andunderstands it.

IV. It is when both the sender and receiver take responsibility in avoiding andovercoming barriers to communication.

a. I and II b. II and IV c. I, II and III d. I, II, III and IV

WEEK 2 ASSESSMENT

Directions: Using the given rubric below, develop a dialogue from one of the following situations. Apply strategies to avoid communication
breakdown and achieveeffective communication.

Situation 1. You are a guidance counselor in a public school and you are consoling a group of students who are emotionally struggling.

Situation 2. You are a doctor in a rural area and you want to encourage people to observe health protocols amidst this pandemic.

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NAME: GRADE & SECTION:
TEACHER’S NAME: Mar Fred C. Aro SUBJECT:

Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 1, Module 2, Week 3 & 4

Situation 3. You are the CEO of the company and you are reprimanding youremployees for tardiness.

Situation 4. You volunteered as a social worker in a slum area and you are explaining the benefits of having an education to the
youths.

RUBRIC

ASPECT 3 2 1
Grammar and Mechanics Dialogue has no grammar, Dialogue has few grammar, Dialogue has many grammar,
capitalization, spelling and capitalization, spelling and punctuation capitalization, spelling and
punctuation errors. errors. punctuation errors.
Organization Dialogue is very well organized. One Dialogue is organized. One idea or Dialogue is a little hard to follow. The
idea or scenefollows another in a scene mayseem out of place.Clear transitions are sometimes not clear.
logical sequencewith clear transitions. transitions are used.
Content Dialogue demonstrates aninsightful Dialogue demonstrates anunclear The dialogue demonstrates lackof
understanding ofthe topic. understanding ofthe topic. understanding of the topic.
ConversationCreativity Dialogue is developed in a very Dialogue showssome creativity.Style is Dialogue needs more creativity. It
creative way.Style is outstanding. It is good. Itshows some entertainment holds very little entertainment value.
entertaining to read. value.

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