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REPORT
EXPERIMENT 3: REDOX TITRATION

Group: ______3______ Section: _______3_______ Date: _12/11/2020_

Group members:

% contribution
Seq. Full name Student ID Signature Score
(total = 100%)
1 Đặng Chí Thịnh ITDSIU20104 25%

2 Nguyễn Trần Xuân Thuỷ IELSIU20430 25%

3 Trịnh Thị Khánh Trâm IELSIU20439 25%

4 Đinh Nhật Bảo Trân IELSIU20441 25%

Total score:________/__15__

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I. Introduction:
This experiment helps us to understand about oxidation - reduction (redox) reactions.
An oxidation - reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer
of electrons between two species in order to change the oxidation states of an atom.
The substance that gains electrons is said to be reduced; therefore, it is called the
oxidizing agent. The substance that loses electrons is said to be oxidized; thus, it is
called the reducing agent.

2+ ¿
2+¿ → Fe(aq)+Cu( s) ¿¿
Fe(s) +Cu

Consider the reaction of potassium permanganate ( KMnO 4 ) with oxalic acid ( H 2 C 2 O4)
in the presence of excess sulfuric acid ( H 2 SO4 ). The balanced molecular and net ionic
equations are as follows, respectively.

2 KMnO 4 +5 H 2 C 2 O4 + 3 H 2 SO 4 → 10 CO2 + K 2 SO 4 + 2 MnSO 4 +8 H 2 O

2+¿ +8H O ¿
2

−¿+5 H 2C 2 O 4+6 H+ ¿→ 10CO + 2Mn

2 ¿
¿
2 MnO4

−¿¿
The oxidation number of manganese in MnO4 is +7 while it is +2 in Mn2 +¿¿. Hence,
each manganese undergoes a change in oxidation number of five (05). Since each
formula unit of KMnO 4 contains one Mn7 +¿¿ , and each Mn7 +¿¿ gains five (05) electrons.
Thus, the equivalent weight of KMnO 4 in this reaction is 31.60 grams.

158.0 g 1mole
E . W of KMnO 4 ¿ × =31.60 g /eq
1 mole 5 eq

In this experiment, you will prepare an approximately 0.05 N KMnO 4 solution and
standardize this solution by titrating against a standard solution of H 2 C 2 O4 (primary
standard). Then the standardized KMnO 4 solution (secondary standard) will be used
to determine the concentration of unknown oxalic acid solution and unknown Fe2+ ¿¿
solution. For redox titrations, the number of gram equivalents weight of oxidizing agent
must be equal to the number of equivalents of reducing agent. For the reaction of
KMnO 4 with H 2 C 2 O4:

G . E . W of KMnO 4=G. E . W of H 2 C 2 O4

Alternatively, this relationship can be expressed as follows:

V oxidizing × N oxidizing =V reducing × N reducing

V : the volume of oxidizing or reducing agents used in titrations.

N : the normality of oxidizing or reducing agents.

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II. Experimental:
There are 3 experiments using 3 different chemicals namely KMnO 4 , H 2 C 2 O4 and
FeSO 4.

Equipment needed: Flasks, Burette, Distilled water, Cylinder and Baker.

Handling with burette:

+ Rinse the burette 3 times with distilled water.
+ Rinse the burette 3 times with about 5 mL of KMnO 4 .
+ Discard the waste.
+ Fill with KMnO 4 . Let it drain through the burette tip (no air bubbles remain).
+ Record the initial point (preferably up to the average eye level).

Experiment 1: Standardization of prepared KMnO 4 solution:

+ Prepare two flasks, add 10 mL 0.05 N H 2 C 2 O 4 , then 40 mL of distilled water and
20 mL 6 N H 2 C 2 O 4.
+ Heat the flasks til 85 90 ° C .
+ Record the initial point (V i ).
+ Add KMnO 4 slowly and swirl the flask continuously.
+ First sign of color change (light pink) → Stop titration.
+ Record the final point (V f ) .
+ Calculate V KMnO =V f −V i
4

Experiment 2: Determination of unknown concentration of H 2 C 2 O4 solution:

+ Add 10 mL of unknown H 2 C 2 O4.
~ All the steps are applied the same as the above experiment (The mixture will
turn light pink and then we calculate the V of KMnO 4 ).

Experiment 3: Determination of unknown concentration of FeSO 4 solution:

+ Add 10 mL unknown normality FeSO 4.
~ The same as the above experiment.

III. Results and discussion:

1. TITRATION OF KMnO 4 SOLUTION WITH STANDARD H 2 C 2 O4 SOLUTION:

Calculation:

Normality of the standard H 2 C 2 O4 solution: N H C O =0.05 0 N

2 2 4

Volume of the standard H 2 C 2 O4 solution used: V H C O =10 mL

2 2 4

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Burette reading Volume of

Trial Normality of KMnO 4 ( N )
(mL) KMnO 4 (mL)

¿1

VH C 2 O4 ×NH C O 10.0 × 0.050

21.19−22.95 1.76 2 2 2 4
= =0.28 N
V KMnO 4
1.76

¿2

VH C 2 O4 ×NH C O 10.0 × 0.050

23.55−25.09 1.54 2 2 2 4
= =0.32 N
V KMnO 4
1.54

N KMnO (¿1) + N KMnO (¿2) 0.28+0.32

Average Normality of KMnO 4 ¿ 4 4
= =0.30 N
2 2

Comment:

- Reaction between KMnO 4 and H 2 C 2 O4:

2 KMnO 4 +5 H 2 C 2 O4 + 3 H 2 SO 4 → 10 CO2 + K 2 SO 4 + 2 MnSO 4 +8 H 2 O

- We also have: V oxidizing × N oxidizing =V reducing × N reducing

→ V KMnO × N KMnO =V H
4 4 2 C 2O 4 × NH 2 C 2 O4

- As dropping KMnO 4 into H 2 C 2 O4 solution, the color of KMnO 4 faded since KMnO 4
reacted with H 2 C 2 O4 solution, the pink color appeared again as there wasn’t any
H 2 C 2 O4 left in the flask to react with KMnO 4 . But while observing H 2 C 2 O4, the color

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seemed too pink as we were not able to predict when to stop, which led to some
mistakes in calculation.
- The two observations were not totally the same due to errors while doing this
experiment.

2. TITRATION OF UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION H 2 C 2 O4 SOLUTION WITH

STANDARD KMnO 4 SOLUTION:

Calculation:

Normality of the standard KMn O4 solution: N KMnO =0.30 N

4

Volume of the unknown H 2 C 2 O4 solution used: V H C O =10 mL 2 2 4

Burette reading Volume of

Trial Normality of H 2 C 2 O4 ( N )
(mL ) KMnO 4 (mL)

¿1

V KMnO × N KMn O 1.57 ×0. 30

25.15−26.72 1.57 4 4
= =0.047
VH 2 C 2 O4 10

¿2

V KMnO × N KMn O 1.49× 0.30

26.91−28.40 1.49 4 4
= =0.04 5
VH 2 C 2 O4 10

NH C 2 O4 (¿ 1) + NH C 2 O4 (¿2) 0.047+0.045
Average Normality of H 2 C 2 O4 ¿ 2 2
= =0. 046 N
2 2

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Comment:

- Reaction between KMnO 4 and H 2 C 2 O4:

2 KMnO 4 +5 H 2 C 2 O4 + 3 H 2 SO 4 → 10 CO2 + K 2 SO 4 + 2 MnSO 4 +8 H 2 O

- We also have: V oxidizing × N oxidizing =V reducing × N reducing

→ V KMnO × N KMnO =V H C O × N H
4 4 2 2 4 2 C 2 O4

- The violet color of the mixture disappears when we add KMnO 4 to it until the time
when the mixture reaches its end point, the first sign of color change (light pink) of
KMnO 4 occurs. This phenomenon happens due to the fact that there is no H 2 C 2 O4 left
to make KMnO 4 transparent.
- There has been a difference between the two values because of the lack of
carefulness while doing the experiment.

3. TITRATION OF UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION FeSO4 SOLUTION WITH

STANDARD KMnO4 SOLUTION:

Calculation:

Normality of the standard KMn O4 solution: N KMnO =0.30 N

4

Volume of the unknown FeSO 4 solution used: V FeSO =10 mL

4

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Burette reading Volume of

Trial Normality of FeSO 4 ( N )
(mL) KMnO 4 (mL )

¿1

V KMnO × N KMn O 1.56× 0.30

28.46−30.02 1.56 4 4
= =0.047 N
V FeSO 4
10

¿2

V KMnO × N KMn O 1.57 ×0.30

30.19−31.76 1.57 4 4
= =0.047 N
V FeSO 4
10

N FeSO (¿1) + N FeSO (¿ 2) 0.047+ 0.047

Average Normality of FeSO 4 ¿ 4 4
= =0.04 7 N
2 2

Comment:

- Reaction between KMnO 4 and FeSO 4:

10 FeSO 4 +2 KMnO 4+ 8 H 2 SO 4 →5 Fe2 ¿ ¿

- We also have: V oxidizing × N oxidizing =V reducing × N reducing

→ V KMnO × N KMnO =V FeSO × N FeSO

4 4 4 4

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- When adding KMnO 4 into the hot flask with distilled water and H 2 SO 4 , its color
disappeared when the mixture reached the end point, the light pink occurs because of
ran out of FeSO 4 to make KMnO 4 transparent.
- The normality of FeSO 4 in two 2 trails did not have much difference.

IV. Conclusions:
- The experiments helped us fully understand about redox titration with KMnO 4 , gram
equivalent weight, oxidation-reduction reactions and standardizing the concentration
of KMnO 4 as well as oxalic acid normality.
- There was a mistake when we did the first experiment (The chemical became too
pinkish instead of light pink). But after that, all the results we achieved were fairly
accurate to the instruction. Conducting experiments on the burette wasn’t a problem.
We could all see and write down the initial and final V of the chemical from it. Heating
up the flasks was also successful and quick so we managed to finish and calculate
effectively. All of the equipment was properly cleaned, wiped and organized. All of the
members behaved accordingly and well equipped.

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REPORT
EXPERIMENT 4: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Group: _____________ Section: ______4________ Date: ____________

Group members:

Seq. Full name Student ID % contribution Signature Score

(total = 100%)
1

Total score: ________/15__

Present well: + 1 point

Clear picture: + 1 point

Total = 15 points

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I. Introduction (1 pt)
(Introduce what experiments you do in this report)

II. Experimental (1 pt)

(Describe what experiments you did in this report, write down each step of your
experiments)

III. Results and discussion

1. ACID/BASE EQUILIBRIA (2 pts)

Equilibrium System: 2CrO42− + 2H+(aq) ⇌ Cr2O72− + H2O(l)

Description of Predicted Observation Explanation

conditions outcome

(0.5 pts)

Initial solution

(0.5 pts)

+ Conc. HCl

(0.5 pts)

+ 6 N NaOH

Comment: (0.5 pts)

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2. EQUILIBRIA OF ACID/BASE INDICATORS (2 pts)

Equilibrium System: H(MV)(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + MV−(aq)

Addition Predicted Observation Explanation

outcome

(0.375 pts)

None (control)

(0.375 pts)

6 M HCl

(0.375 pts)

6 M NaOH

(0.375 pts)

6 M HCl

Comment: (0.5 pts)

3. COMPLEX ION FORMATION (2 pts)

Equilibrium System: Fe3+ + SCN− ⇌ [Fe(SCN)]2+

Addition Predicted Observation Explanation

outcome

None
(0.25 pts)
(control)

0.01M FeCl3 (0.25 pts)

(0.25 pts)
6M NaOH

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Cold (0.25 pts)

Hot (0.25 pts)

(0.25 pts)
0.1M AgNO3

Comment: (0.5 pts)

4. EQUILIBRIA OF PRECIPITATION REACTIONS (2 pts)

Equilibrium System: Ca2+(aq) + C2O42−(aq) ⇌ CaC2O4(s)

Predicted
Addition Observation Explanation
outcome

Test tube 1: (0.375 pts)

0.1 M Na2C2O4

Test tube 2: (0.375 pts)

+ 0.1 M H2C2O4

Test tube 2: (0.375 pts)

+ 6 M HCl

Test tube 2: (0.375 pts)

+ 6 M NH4OH

Comment: (0.5 pts)

5. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON EQUILIBRIA (2 pts)

Equilibrium System:[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl−(aq) ⇌ [CoCl4]2−(aq) + 6H2O(l)

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Description of Predicted
Observation Explanation
conditions outcome

Nothing changed (0.5 pts)

(control)

(0.5 pts)

Hot water bath

(0.5 pts)

Ice-water bath

Comment: (0.5 pts)

IV. Conclusions (1 pt)

(conclude all your performance in this report)

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REPORT
EXPERIMENT 5: FACTORS AFFECTING
REACTION RATE

Group: _____________ Section: ______5________ Date: ____________

Group members:

Seq. Full name Student ID % contribution Signature Score

(total = 100%)
1

Total score: ________/15__

Present well: + 1 point

Clear picture: + 1 point

Total = 15 points

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I. Introduction (1 pt)
(Introduce what experiments you do in this report)

II. Experimental (1 pt)

(Describe what experiments you did in this report, write down each step of your
experiments)

III. Results and discussion

1. EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON REACTION TIME (5 pts)

Reaction 1:

__________________________________________________

Reaction 2:

__________________________________________________

Calculate the initial concentrations of I- and S2O82- ions:

Mixture # 5:

(1 pt)

[I-] =

[S2O82-] =

Mixture Iodide ion Peroxydisulfate Time in seconds

1 0.08 0.04

2 0.068 0.04

3 0.056 0.04

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4 0.044 0.04

5 0.032 0.04

6 0.02 0.04

Mixture Iodide ion Peroxydisulfate Time in seconds

7 0.08 0.034

8 0.08 0.028

9 0.08 0.022

10 0.08 0.016

11 0.08 0.01

Plotting the concentration of iodide ion versus time: [Note: X – axis: time; Y – axis:
concentrations].

- Mixtures # 1-6: Graph (1 pt)

The order of reaction with respect to iodide ion? (0.5 pts)

Comments: (0.5 pts)

- Mixtures # 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11: Graph (1 pt)

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The order of reaction with respect to peroxydisulfate ion? (0.5 pts)

Comments: (0.5 pts)

2. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REACTION RATE (2 pts)

Reaction System:

Description of Predicted Observation Reaction Explanation

conditions outcome time

Room (0.5 pts)

temperature

(0.5 pts)

500C

900C (0.5 pts)

Comment: (1pt)

3. EFFECT OF A CATALYST ON THE REACTION RATE (3 pts)

Reaction System:

Trial Description of Predicted Observation Explanation

conditions outcome (Reaction rate)

1 + MnCl2 (0.25 pts)

2 + MnO2 (0.25 pts)

3 + NaCl (0.25 pts)

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4 + CaCl2 (0.25 pts)

5 + Zn (0.25 pts)

6 + KNO3 (0.25 pts)

7 + Fe(NO3)3 (0.25 pts)

The order of catalyst activity: (0.5 pts)

Comments: (0.75 pts)

IV. Conclusions (1 pt)

(conclude all your performance in this report)

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