Module 2

Subject: REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

1. Title of the Module

History of the Structural Code of the Philippines and Updates

2. Introduction
2. Introduction
In this module, the history of the structural code of the Philippines will be taken up, the reasons for updating the
structural code, the bases for updating the code and some updates in comparison to previous provisions. .
3. Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
a. discuss why we continuously update the structural ocde of the country,
b. enumerate the bases in coming up with the structural code like the NSCP,
c. write the updates in the latest code edition compared to old ones

4. Learning Content

Why update the NSCP?

Advancement of structural engineering knowledge;

Protecting the health, safety and welfare of people by creating better buildings and safer communities; and

Providing the highest quality codes, standards, products and services for all concerned with the safety
and performance of the built environment.
 History of the NSCP

Edition / Printing Year Title Short Form

Volume

1st edition -- 1972 National Structural Code for Buildings NSCB-1972

1st edition 2nd printing 1977 National Structural Code for Buildings NSCB-1972

2nd edition -- 1981 National Structural Code for Buildings NSCB-1981

3rd edition -- 1987 National Structural Code of the Philippines NSCP-1987

4th edition -- 1992 National Structural Code of the Philippines NSCP-1992

Volume 1 – Volume 1 (Buildings, Towers, and Other
Vertical Structures)

4th edition 3rd printing 1996 National Structural Code of the Philippines NSCP-1992
Volume 1 – Volume 1 (Buildings, Towers, and Other
Vertical Structures)

1st edition -- 1997 National Structural Code of the Philippines NSCP-1997

Volume 2 – Volume 2 (Roads, Highways, Bridges)

5th edition -- 2001 National Structural Code of the Philippines NSCP-2001

Volume 1 – Volume 1 (Buildings, Towers, and Other
Vertical Structures)

1st edition 2nd printing 2007 National Structural Code of the Philippines NSCP-1997
Volume 2 – Volume 2 (Roads, Highways, Bridges)
Printing History of the NSCB/NSCP Volume 1 for Buildings

First Edition, 1972

Second Edition, 1981

Third Edition, 1987

Fourth Edition, 1992

Fifth Edition, 2001

Sixth Edition, 2010
NSCP as Referral Code to NBC

The NSCP 5th Edition was approved by

then Acting Sec. Florante Soriquez on
June 19, 2003.
Transition NSCP 2001 to NSCP 2010

NSCP C101-01
2001
 Approval of DPWH as referral code to the National Building Code
and endorsement by the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC)
NSCP as Referral Code to NBC

The NSCP 6th Edition was approved by

Secretary Victor Domingo on June 21,
2010.
International Code Basis for the NSCP 2010

Uniform Building Code UBC-1997 (adopted for earthquake)

International Building Code IBC-2006 (referenced)
American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE7-05 (adopted for wind)
Structural Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and Antennas ANSI/TIA-222-G-2005
American Concrete Institute ACI318-08
American Institute for Steel Construction AISC-05 with Supplementary Seismic Provisions

American Iron and Steel Institute AISI S100–2007

Reinforced Masonry Engineering Handbook America
Concrete Masonry Handbook, 6th Edition
 Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY OCCUPANCY OR FUNCTION OF STRUCTURE

Occupancies having surgery and emergency treatment areas,
Fire and police stations,
Garages and shelters for emergency vehicles and emergency aircraft,
Structures and shelters in emergency preparedness centers,
Aviation control towers,
Structures and equipment in communication centers and other
facilities required for emergency response,
Facilities for standby power-generating equipment for Category I
I Essential Facilities structures,
Tanks or other structures containing housing or supporting water or
other fire-suppression material or equipment required for the
protection of Category I, II or III structures,
School buildings of more than one story,
Hospitals and Designated evacuation centers.
 Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

• Chapter 1 – General
Requirements

Section 103 – Classification of

Buildings

School buildings, hospitals and designated

evacuation centers are added under the essential
facilities category.

• Section 105 – Posting and Instrumentation

The provision of installed recording
accelerograph is emphasized.
Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

Seismic Importance Factor for Essential Structures is increased.

.
Occupancy
Structures4
Seismic Seismic
Miscellaneou
Occupancy V. s
IMPORTAN
CE Importance 2 1.00 1.00
1
Category Factor, I Factor, Ip structures
I. Essential
Facilities3 1.25 1.50
II. Hazardous
1.25 1.50
Facilities
III. Special
Occupancy 1.00 1.00
Structures4
Standard 1.00 1.00
IV
 III
. Special
Seismic Seismic Occupancy 1.00 1.00
Occupancy Structures 4
Importance Importance 2 IV
. Standard
Category 1
Occupancy 1.00 1.00
Factor, I Factor, Ip
Structures 4
I. Essential
V. Miscellaneous
Facilities 3 1.50 1.50
1.00 1.00
II. Hazardous
structures
Facilities 1.25 1.50

NSCP 2001 NSCP 2010

Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

• Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads.

• Section 203 – Combination of Loads

• The load factor values are adjusted

together with the inclusion of rain loads.
Load Combinations for

RC Design (NSCP 2001, 5th Edition)

U=1.4D+1.7L (409-1)

U = 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W) (409-2)

U=0.9 D+1.3 W (409-3)

U = 1.3 D + 1.1 L + 1.1E (409-4)

U = 0.9 D + 1.1 E (409-5)

Load Combinations for

RC Design and Steel Design

U = 1.4(D + F)

U = 1.2 (D+ F+T ) + 1.6 (L+H) + 0.5(L, or R)

U = 1.2 D + 1.6 (L, or R) + (1.0L or 0.80 W)

U = 1.2 D + 1.6 W + 1.0 L +0.5 (L, or R)

U = 1.2D+1.0E+1.0L

U = 0.9D+1.6W+1.6H

U = 0.9D+1.0E+1.6H

1. Changes in rc design load factors.

2. Provision of load factors for steel design (LRFD)
Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

• Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads.

• Section 207 – Wind Loads
• Wind load provisions, which were previously based
on ASCE 7-95, are updated by the introduction of
the Wind Directionality Factor, Kd, based on ASCE
7-05.

• Wind Zone is defined per province.

• The ANSI EIA/TIA-222-G is also referenced for

wind loads on antennas.
Wind Zone

Zone 1
(V = 250 kph)

Albay, Aurora, Batanes, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Eastern Samar,
Isabela, Northern Samar, Quezon, Quirino, Samar, Sorsogon

Zone 2
(V = 200 kph)

Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Antique, Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Biliran,
Bohol, Bulacan, Camiguin, Capiz, Cavite , Cebu , Compostela Valley , Davao Oriental, Guimaras, Ifugao,
Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Kalinga, La Union, Laguna, Leyte, Marinduque, Masbate , Misamis
Oriental, Mountain Province, National Capital Region, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Nueva Ecija,
Nueva Vizcaya, Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Romblon,
Siquijor, Southern Leyte, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Zambales

Zone 3
(V = 150 kph)

Basilan, Bukidnon, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao,
Misamis Occidental, North Cotabato , Palawan , Sarangani, South Cotabato , Sultan Kudarat, Sulu,
Tawi-tawi, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay
Wind Velocity Pressures

NSCP 2001

qz = 47.3x10-6 Kz Kzt V 2 Iw

NSCP 2010

qz = 47.3x10-6 Kz Kzt Kd V 2 Iw
Kd : : wind directionality factor
Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

Directionality Factor
Structural Type
Kd*

Buildings 0.85
Main Wind Force Resisting System 0.85
Components and Cladding

Arched Roofs 0.85

Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures 0.90

Square 0.95
Hexagonal 0.95
Round

Solid Signs 0.85

Open Signs and Lattice Framework 0.85

Trussed Towers 0.85
Triangular, square, rectangular 0.95
All other cross sections
 NSCP 2001 and NSCP 2010

Seismic Design and Design Base Shear

Cv I

V= W

RT (208-4)
The total design base shear need not exceed the following:

V= 2.5Ca I W (208-5)

The total design base shear shall not be less than the following:
 V = 0.11Ca I W (208-6)
In addition, for Seismic Zone 4, the total base shear shall also not be
less than the following:

V = 0.8ZNv I W R (208-7)
Active Faults in the Philippines
What is the magnitude/intensity of earth that we are designing our
structures for?

Near Source Factors (Na, Nv, Ca, Cv) are used

to determine earthquake forces acting on
structures.

Our structures are designed for Intensity VIII and

Magnitudes greater than 7.
 Rain and Flood Loads

Chapter 2 – Minimum Design Loads. Section 210

and Section 211 on rain and flood loads are
added.

Rain loads – loads on the roof due to

blocked drainage

Flood loads – loads due high-velocity

wave action
 Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

Chapter 4 – Structural Concrete.

•
Section 409 - Strength and Serviceability
• Requirements

Strength reduction factors reduction compression-

controlled sections

0.70 >> 0.65

shear and torsion for shear walls and frames in

Seismic Zone 4

0.85 >> 0.75

 bearing on concrete (except for post-tensioning
anchorage zones)
0.70 >> 0.65
 Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

Chapter 5 :

Structural Steel

Adopted the Load and Resistance Factor

Design (LRFD)

Allowable Stress Design (ASD) is

retained as an alternative method
 Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

Chapter 5 :

Structural Steel

The cold formed steel design for

building systems and structural
members are included.
NSCP Basic Load Combinations Allowable Stress
Design (NSCP 2001)

D (203-7)

D + L + Lr (203-8)

D + (W or E/1.4) (203-9)

0.9 D ± E/1.4 (203-10)

D + 0.75 [L + Lr + (W or E/1.4)] (203-11)

Load Combinations for Steel Design (LRFD) NSCP 2011

U = 1.4(D + F)

U = 1.2 (D+ F+T ) + 1.6 (L+H) + 0.5(L, or R)

U = 1.2 D + 1.6 (L, or R) + (1.0L or 0.80 W)

U = 1.2 D + 1.6 W + 1.0 L +0.5 (L, or R)

U = 1.2D+1.0E+1.0L

U = 0.9D+1.6W+1.6H

U = 0.9D+1.0E+1.6H

1. Changes in rc design load factors.

2. Provision of load factors for steel design (LRFD)

 Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

• Chapter 6 : Wood.

• Tables from the previous version of NSCP

2001 including the Table containing specie
design information are amended to incorporate
the latest updated information/ list of wood
species as provided by the Forest Products
Research and Development Institute (FPRDI).

• A section for Machine Graded Lumber

(MGL) is included.
NSCP 2010 : Wood Structures
NSCP 2010 : Wood Structures
 Significant Revisions to NSCP 2010 Volume 1 :

Buildings and Other Vertical Structures

• Chapter 7 : Masonry

• The provisions in this chapter are

refined to include local
practices and corrections
from the previous version of
the code (NSCP 2001);

• Referrals are made to the NSCP

2010 Vol. III on Housing for
relevant provisions concerning
single-family dwellings / low-
cost housing.

• A section for Seismic

Design is added.

5. Teaching and Learning Activities

Part 1. Answer the following questions for mastery of the basic things about reinforced
concrete and the specifications:
1. Why do we need to update the structural code of the Philippines?
2. Make a brief history of the structural code of the Philippines.
3. Tell something about each of the following and their importance in the drafting of our
code:

Uniform Building Code UBC-1997 (adopted for earthquake)

International Building Code IBC-2006 (referenced)
American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE7-05 (adopted for
wind)
Structural Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and
Antennas ANSI/TIA-222-G-2005
American Concrete Institute ACI318-08
American Institute for Steel Construction AISC-05 with Supplementary
Seismic Provisions

American Iron and Steel Institute AISI S100–2007

Reinforced Masonry Engineering Handbook America
Concrete Masonry Handbook, 6th Edition

4. What were the significant revisions done in NSCP 2001 compared to NSCP 2010?
5. What were the significant revisions done in SNCP2015 compared to NSCP 2010?

Part 2. Answer the followings questions that are related to the topics presented above.
1. What is the Title of the structural code that came out last in the year 1972?
2. What was the acronym of the code that came out in 1987?
3. Write the edition of the NSCP 2001.
4. What edition if the NSCP 2015?
5. In what year this the first edition of the structural code came out?
6. Who is the author of the structural code in our country?
7. Earthquake provisions adopted from UBC 1997. What does UBC stand for?
8. Wind provisions were also adopted from ASCE 7-05..What is ASCE?
9. Reinnforced concrete provisions in our structural code wwer also adopted from ACI 318-08.
What is ACI?
For steel and iron, provisions in the code were adopted from AISC 05 and AISI S100-2007.
What is
10..AISC and
11. AISI ?
12. What is the new occupancy category for school buildings, hospitals and evacuation centers?
13. What do you call that earthquake recording instrument that must be installed in buildings as
required by the the NSCP 2010?
14. What is the new I, Importance factor for essential facilities in th NSCP 2010?
15. What was the old value of this importance factor, I in NSCP 2001?
16. In NSCP 2010, what zone does Isabela belong?
17. How about Palawan, what zone does it belong in the wind map of NSCP 2010?
18.. What is Kd symbol in the computation of the wind velocity pressure?
19. What do you call Na, Nv, Ca and Cv which are used to determine earthquake forces acting
on structures?
Our structures in the country are always designed for
20. What greatest intensity ? and
21. what greatest magnitude?
22. In the design of steel structures, LRFD was adopted in NSCP 2010. What is LRFD?
23. what is that method which was retained as an alternative method?
24. In NSCP 2010, a section on wood or timber design was added for MGL. What is MGL?
25. What was the largest wind velocity being considered in NSCP 2010?
26. In NSCP 2015, what is the largest wind velocity that must be used in the design buildings in
the country? (to the nearest hundred kph only)
27. Can we use 80mm as minimum cover of steel reinforcement if concrete is cast permanently
on earth?
28. For slabs, what is the minimum concrete cover in mm?
29. Which will give greater moment in a part of a continuous beam, is it
A. when the beam is loaded with factored live load on all the spans?
B. when the beam is loaded with live load on alternate spans?
30. What is the single bar equivalent diameter of four 20mm diameter bars?
31. Can we bundle 2-32mm diameter bars? yes or no?
32. Why ? for your answer in no. 31.
33. Can we also bundle 2-36mm diameter bars? yes or no
34. Why? For your answer in no. 33.
35. The clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer can also 30mm as per NSCP 2015. Yes or
no
36. Grade 40 rebars has an fy of ________ MPa
37. Grade 60 rebars has an fy of ________ psi.
38. Concrete has its maximum strength attained after ______ days.
39. A concrete mixture with high water cement ratio has greater strength than that with lower
ratio. Yes of no.
40. The unit weight of normal concrete in KN per cubic meter (in 2 decimal places).

6. Recommended learning materials and resources for supplementary reading.

Reinforced Concrete Design by Gillesania, Chapter 4, Short Columns
Design of Concrete Structures by Nilson et. al.

7. Flexible Teaching Learning Modality (FTLM) adopted

Remote asynchronous (modules, exercises, problem sets, etc…)

8. Assessment Task
On this part, students are given Self-assessment Questions (SAQs) and asked to
consider broader aspects of the different topics taken up. Quizzes have been prepared
for this part and can be found in the original module of the author.

9. References
Civil Engineering Review Manual by Dindo Esplana 2015
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Besavilla 2016
National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015
Reinforced Concrete Design by Nilson 2010
Reinforced Concrete Design, 3rd Edition by DIT Gillesania 2015