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Hemant Unit 1 Chemistry

By bonding and anti-bonding molecular orbitals, the structure and properties of solids, liquids, and crystals can be understood. Bonding occurs when atomic orbitals overlap to form molecular orbitals lower in energy, while anti-bonding occurs when orbitals overlap to form molecular orbitals higher in energy. The interactions of bonding and anti-bonding orbitals can explain phenomena such as magnetism and conductivity in materials. Diagrams are used to depict the orbital interactions in diatomic and polyatomic molecules.

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Deepansh Sharma
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
108 views27 pages

Hemant Unit 1 Chemistry

By bonding and anti-bonding molecular orbitals, the structure and properties of solids, liquids, and crystals can be understood. Bonding occurs when atomic orbitals overlap to form molecular orbitals lower in energy, while anti-bonding occurs when orbitals overlap to form molecular orbitals higher in energy. The interactions of bonding and anti-bonding orbitals can explain phenomena such as magnetism and conductivity in materials. Diagrams are used to depict the orbital interactions in diatomic and polyatomic molecules.

Uploaded by

Deepansh Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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o
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/y
oF At A'Tofn la MoLec.uLES/ t3ANa iUeony oF soLtDS, L,qu,) cRysTAL
4I\lP. /_T_5 ApPLILR'TIO$I_S, poiNT .oeFtr- (-Ts ,N SoLlDs. STRucTURE ANo
*X?.I tfl,,?.* 1AND
MATERIALS gS l! :'! .= _ e ND h Jr_r- e n. e xEs,
-?f rrs 'b'' ." &i!'prs
w':t(-cir r > eF
oF _
^Appr_tLnii ows 'YAr
^rANo
@H eocVl plolr : -' a h)w*l'eon*- ),s 4tzb Hu/na
nt;J/.L(tv- C(132) f,on- . . .. ,-T--lizTf--h;];*2 at*.hq-.*&ion o8,cov",1,,,t
6trvroL.
MAIN ASSU M P7I ONS (CPOS |YOT Il-
otrIYOT
Posl-ULtr.T Es) otr
ffi - -*J.e- *vr*'t*..
;;t;;i"n-7,-u-t^ti
* +
,nbr!- elotg *a+til-a/v'@LQ.euge" )*t- a1icl^ orsn t<-"ff
eav'<- .,5

6;-i"!-;,"!; on-toifu!- )r,,s fion*-'el 4+b UA/,ra.,z tcyv,,U;2,-ot;an ofi, a*sni<-


- (lcno)
on};til-s
(., ;."t".+"- ";t"e,!- b F*
ii,i"t"-,go i*b y: W'& u, r, $ eoru,*pat-*A b 4*
ffi o.t,t*'rrn--fi,"'c2.
-fut t$+;owa ob. ^*s-,ie on-E;*.aLX -ilr,r,,,^ u"-Tii.r.",.,Lzc-u!az on
is sr,r"-
t,J-s a-tiJt +fu)n h,1b,5t'-ae*;\ $on,t-* "7,A.Lbozr.*irta .r9alz.sr-l-az or.t i
'b .L;;
ee ** n"^'t $r9,'^,i;,,'a edt o:Ea**e
^- r-;*n , o$,
onbttult> oo* u*.-,.* )'*i?*6 ,-.{pJE.ZE,
a*.-'-;i p^\t. ,:ffiY*"Lr*' I
wa-v' Sta,z.+;ot.. oi- ao^at,,,o ;;[;.!L-;;fu^!_(yr)
= VA r VB_(,)
#ritr"ffiT*.*o:*tre1..u04L.-io*cv^l=ro_ygr-A)
l.

W t" l-lt.l
/Y_d
'!Ao n a;u#r-6. no 4!
\Pa-= Va-Va

$l

'9r= Vn+\Pa
$
ql I
g.-1_1 t^t+tn1 .Oo
no
Bonaj,vl7
you By BoiatNg ANa AN?,BoN.orNqMot-ec_u LA,<
oRBtTRr-S ? ^{EAN
*e. a-dALI;o7- ob tnd^Je $r.r"-et;onO
- t,toittt-0atz-3.1;t--l+$nt nc-d-ai,n6^,vr,a7a.u1osa^6;5*-ts-a,"./..'il,oa<
k-tl..
$ .*rt"r.hr*il"t-
",:W4 y Y"Uo
yryov,, ofi yootve- Y*nc1dt* o$ daw,ic- otzLl+o.l4
ff"-,",6C
-d--c-c&-l ar&aqdi,*C .yyrmlz-c-u-lsn- fu;fAl5 .

..ttrtreRE{gE_ qETAr€ N, NO ANT' BOND'N t1o LE cu LA oR8,


ANTt 60Na/
)F *l^r- a-d-aL4;drl l,Oatl e- Q) tror-vw-d- ?-'t?;
a..a*271, zh
Lt, LQJY, f.}.arv" t'l',t,
ds*Ic- onLj*a)* oru-]".i,*als
D Ebbn*r {rr^i!r+ b'* wtu* #,o- ,W \*;l.rtt,a *t*'ru*Li
4
4 *'?^aba@ atd'a-|- Plane- *'?,o,s,',oJa.C-
MoLEc oRr5(7 El4oL
MoornqenMs ctroR oz Ez MO DIAG,RA,\,TS CtroR I3z Cz Nz)

Ros A; M09

nT-pvf;a

zP

cztr Tlzp fi2b


d-*zs

$
o)
c
rJ

t
*
N

6ts 6-t s
fuAX *"11,i.- oi oz, F.:-
6 Bz,cz,Nz i-
(c \, '3t:-':""-
q}xro c,r.n, (azp
1:
75 f1 lcz {a2p
e
{r\e'-x*z+ (ntp- r-a.arb ='N2h
?,t<aaZLazs
T*rp |i*,'r,
"p
#trffi*lt' + cov^L*& boid^ *hr<u* t; ffiG.
taa-
onfu)L
lzan4, -'r\b -z
u>+n r.e'. TLb= rlo. afi /"rtfut* i+ banA/nq +i.olsa,lez on b;taLS
aj TLIL= 'rt}, s'b /&cfr.,aTtA .t t - artdiUo*llrt q++r,*cauUz onLitalz
lSond- ondrrz ^d.
4fiipw6unpt lAz bdrr,L rstn sfl#lr. qrzcrtuz O iJ, +\z 6d o,zeti
*_^ *.j+.ib +ke.,t*.*fui'+
{4",A},XnA^ _r,d +t*
t -,4L.,
* ou+a y
ika* a,,** *f1*n*W,
vtte.-t/enaa-.
*eitso.l,oil,,tq ?o7o botd. onetn d-ota nst "*L{ ,
YAGN€T|c petto-.o-.tc.'c . *n- ,9-_- -- .r- +Lz
y "H PFh ##: _Y ?J,
ui,+o,r,;ed-- ?:.*iLZ,,i 1^VWti;"X_g
t, ^ n
.*q.n*t<. u,l^oi;au,z
ona pana,woT.rril,L rr^g-L /+"rlrg -e-"rrr"r4 i;;+;;rA rEd
_

Qffi""ffii"7^yry7'
ir ntl ont;Qag x *-a)oioo-*;.

1i= ta 6 ua'+oLi.r.-"a- ilt;;'c;7


d
Fon &oata2,ai+1ar)
;
- L.

-n=o
B.rq. = Bofiia l'ta2mr*tn, ,r,.r*rf-;6 aa-qfr{hL"*r"" h
= a.f |na^Z --o'1z7.xr6'zb z'277o,u/t4
oF So,yE F1:,Mo- NUCLEAR 6lAfoMrc noLecuL€s/ toNS
TAGTRAMS
Hz LH +H>: t+ (r) - ,sr
-4"X"!-no. oS rluirorv5= t+t=L --L. ' Aw.b
.$a)/iatul : - Pan-o/1/y.arbr_-
^-A.c-
ful,al,vtz "5r,r,*pr,A"$A
ao a*B
-u-q-
a9 LH + u-): H q-rd : u -(r) -tsz
vz fot-a!-to, o$ Jt-rlt ona = I +Z=3
*J1d t
e
ls
l{ 6t9 H
Ho
Mo t,trn|i "b u*- 'o-t*
H -ls
14;
Mo trrn$]l * Ui:- d|sz fE*t

n%"^*Ja
-n*ot ro."fi. dofTn; =t+oa1 en*D u4+du?,eA
Pru,staata. S
fle:r- cl-te +Ha-.).. He7z1-tsL
e*ts
'I': c*ts

H dls
Wo trr,{P .
o.6,
Az+
Hzr: - 6ts,
BD.= !*,z Ite, €ls l+e
-l L l+e'2
B'o'-
Z:z=,o
Ow.{t Z.r3 a"-e- on/a-, Hazdrlab
oL
tt e-j*. H,Ane,, Flq- LS +,*na q*aa,b.

-Ao Ao
r\s
'l ,. r*E

fls
t,.e t+ef
Hef rls
Moe,o$a 6, He!:-'e-.t* oxot Be
Bez 8e
O.o.= .k! .L
-2- B.o'- 9;4 =o a,tb Zctz-o'r,l8.o.,
-2- gez dn z.?+u* e*lAL ' so,-Pie .m2@-
n-oryadEc- *Va:,vro,^tz'.- pan*va-ag,.v*-
*r.g"era-*o bnt v,r^tn fr. u/v+ilbteA
el.rfir;g?L
/..Lz (& + /L) : 4L e)-r*zs'
:io+*!-'tw. oA, ,c.lt fr-ows =3+z-- 6
- -
6A& J:d
Jld Aoe
aee
o\A
rl62s
EF"n
t__
zb
c25

.L
61ts
, .1\,-T
llo ota$L. 4
J;Z
,tL;.-
4L
cri-ti-zi ,, */ -*'L-oo
B.o. = 4-z- t L*-1
2-
lY.o.1ftu*Q 4,lrp-;vi-otttt-: - D;a^*,^q,./rL -
4c" aue % abao,,.tt-6t.vr#ainok
ilr4ha
Mo Lah+r.
ilB
6 arl- -rs" _t.iozsz
n\sz nzt
Bee CBe+ 6e): BeC4)-r*zsz
-lab!- no. 6b rJ,r*:.o-r1l;= 4 + q g
".0. =
e=fi!'
=
W,lmE!
!=z (c+e) afi
cC6)- rsz zF z-FL
75t"I- ro.
rqgs
- y'..f,zot -
,,d
e +6=tz
Ao'
Aos

rJ- t4 ^tprlo t.e-


e 2F
2F b
6-2P

7r2+
T2b

€29 a2J

ts ls

CC
.r, s -ls N
1-z N2
ln} @^,br!. 6c.:- ctS-ex,.z Mo ta*$A. &*".1- c,sl oxlsL
oLi
-nlsz xzF. -=rt-rts- zrri _=-!
c-zF
zrzF_ ,i.2t
$'4 =i
B.o.A. = B.o. _ t0-u
1 2
naa.r*;e ue.f^y;n,*. - Vla,v^o4-r*- Md?4,uak bcfu.v;n,*' -,$La,,,*o.ant--
LF a'tirs b at6r"*a.
"9. ,r,r.F"iou.A *-i*_- olo*c*-o &hdr/\,,,r- 4.,^ro-FAA.A_
il-e,-r
Nit rN+Nt)
i,ca :- ;zz*zl 1L.t2.L
NL?):-,s-zs-z tt 2-
ft+& w . oS cLt,-rrr,s='T +4 =
14 Nrc+) : ' tizs-zP
-p**L-to . cS d+th-cws = ] + 6= l!
Ao5

nl.
'zFff)c'
t+ +
.t. -tzP
2P 2F

;NaP ilzp 7\',zF n2r

ls

+ al9
Niz + N
Nz- N-
no wh+iE N Lf. als2- Mo k.F_"& Nz :- e,sl
e\* *t "&
.lr iL xrzFL ..d ,'2s,z ,f,;
?s -x*l IlEl -ri iTp,
13.o.= q-t-, - 5f B'o.- lo-S=2.5
*._b Xq*,t* *-Ao17.oun : - pdla/.trL1.n1
* p,,e,sr,r,,tt-"6, ;i;! $t.@*o Puaaut a6 rra"*z-t"
ltfr-an
N; CN + N-) 5- (ti- +rx-)
*C+> ,- ,*'*rf
.?--z. ,
-N-C?)
-r*z*zP4
---. :- ts 2s-2-F
N-CT)
,7 TAL.!- rc. ofi cJuhnaa o G + B = I 6
Totp!- +r,o.obe,t '*w*= T+I=/5
-t

af
6r*zb

fJ/ 'f' ^fF ^A


zF zF
tla L "Ip^4
zts

irzF n
7\zF xzF 62ts

(rzs

ls

:"7# I "::"-ol,r-.*
'zs- -+2.* orF, i\zp-
Krts, rfJ
zriX
'-2b
- lo-6-.,
Wi*w:
a,;_-L

q,.*t c cLyc to laru+tyrt* r9,,r,",p!


Nf -( Nz: +
Ni (Nz .dlrfafih
2--5 z,g 3 Nof : - Clrz b ?."f,r B.O. +,
abtnea,rlA
N1.+L,a,w.Oz , Nil^aa -l*;XhL boau
BanoL
a;-**c;alt;o* @* #ia* Oy .
5o, N2 .rnona.
l4 ffd^qzt-1,@v1^g2.
St OLI^ttz- wond4 6" )*.v}:.otzz
Lve- *.l.,o.w Nz.'
oz (oto)
o-Cei' r*z*zdt I Co +ot)
T6L& +*. r$ o qo- t*rs'; Fq,.
= ? +B = t 6
a-r-uf)'Lc-11/b
orq€) -t€zs'zP-
r"+)t+rn' 6.1,"t*a>ra= $tf =tS
6-l+zb
-L-
t_ ^4 + Tle TLp
2F J-- J-- -c.a-
.L
7(,zF
zP zF

zb fizb
fzF
dz-F
?s

,f.u'c2:i
r)+ls
,t+ t5
rtS
o o{ o*
cls
Iyo cn+r * o{:- -,s.-.tst o+
cz-sl e*rrz -"F. n.t o, * o*
^t,p Mo GagA 6oln: - or}-t.z
O.O.= lo;-5= ,,rn'f az-* e\1!
na***,U- L-A,4iv;;orrt : - r.zh>nzpi
Po.tzovvt^'
olJJti. &^1b ,fl
w;+d,.Lcd p.L&-an
P,,rar"^r. B.o.= ry --rn'F'
MaA" tfLc AeAzdoutz: - {li-oaaao7
O2++(Ot
\ +Ot) nrl;L d-q.*n o-ur/$ta- og u"/.F;r.
-:-
'O"C*j - t*zsz zP3 eL /t:*zart
ToL"!-*n. $, Jr.etrLo:nrs= ]+l.zl\ oi (o +o-)
.ati- t*z.s--zPq
o:lt> - ,* u'zFS
7A*A oto. "5, <t.t'-wta--g+j=lV
.t1g5

Ao5 MOS Aos

.c! GL
7p
JA*{A
2b
t xlr.t
zP 2h
a .ta_J4._ 7\zF
EJL
zb
^z|
zb

Fzp^2f
2,,s

ls

rz5 o- o-
-.-t1
ttz
,g *"61 "6, o;-: - .',rl-n*
"-zsz ,-42 -=p, i.pi If
x
B.o.= to-B
T^F' ntF'
cts =1
to ,*,p ,6
q*rt n"t xzp!
ctl..x|,'r*
"?-r\i
Rzf n*.1
XWffiaw
NOTE: -
o;-
B.o.= lo-Y ol , or,o{,oL*
't.7
t! aX'.r.-{/ic.
=t.f t}.o. | z z.5;g
hl^rin ro - p atz-aa,v
r
ar;fr Pnt tr,,vrtt 6 uA/$r<i-
,zo-n.
o.--(o'+O-) -
o- cB) -tiz{zP
-E".5
w
w
Totalya. oS J"-t"avr,l = q fr = rB

dt-<tz"JAt-5
izCFttr) Nez (Ne+Ne-)
Pfql :- rs-z*zSi lEc,o). ,s'.ttz9
Tbta!- w. -of,..lr.f'tnA = g f g
= I g ToAa!- +tn. cS,r**fa-mA
= lo 11p =26
t -&-' .d -Ao, A( let

nlpn\o rIp
-Gt .cl
zb
^f GLAL
zb
'r\Lb 7vzb
TzF xzF
c-zF

f2s

fls

*i1rt: - bnan -> *l,c- I'lO ila,V& rt6 A


E4 N eLd/ntd-' o'! cuJgfi- *L"rL
",r*
boll.;L 6zd*w5.
Norg.'-
Fzt oz, Nz
Mo &fu*i/r44h . i-l- iA
13..o. t .z 3
Frz.oy:.a--Lkzo.bgl.re-
claqrL*L"e Heran* xLzfui. zroo
*)eL apeziu -t-";r,*
B.O' wz ktlovo
Ano B.O.dnatot eil*t. So, He-d
a,,wL Nerdo tat e=)aL. g4*rilan
2*YreY?\,,M,,
>1er*n* Rtr_dotat eaaf', u.r^L.
Fle. Ne. Aru. Py2-Xau'u- R'n an*-
,r,.;o"t"ri2c-,'so, d.L b,*t ?M
Atc:zeaal,t qu-+a$a@a*JTa.b-,
-i

NUCLE DlAaorttc LEC.ULES :


n^ 'tt -u*o- *lq
ffir t, -Lt *rlttz
onJg,Ja;Lr. Totn!- +ta-. * t)*fi,. Trh
= J + q = I\

nTpntt -c-
-c-zF
LL
zF
t- t! 7T2p z(zp
zF

^2ts^f+
€2b

a2s

N d,5 N ats o+
Nro No+
mo^wn$l- "$ rvo:- orszatsL
azs- q\sl rzba zTzbL naL Itff}*#,,?;J,*.'rsl
B.o.- lo-E -'^ E.P' 6.o.= !-4=3 fi2ts'
lY dot4^,1tl3b"k;;y^.. l't
-o$
p atzsvvma. - "2n rl.+;*.-au*4t7ja tz : - Yzarvttoy
.yrtf,L.
n

W=*.fu Fa.u*te u.vtpa-- d-ue-fr a.&.y@- ,8,


ed- dt-ttnzn.
n+- ,t r"tA
*"+d,r"
Dze-d- d)-.I12fi1,
NZ+>:- ts'-zslz P'- _ry (ctx-)
o-(B)i t{zs.atso cL6):-ts-zs-zp-
Tola!-rc. ofldub.oaA= ++qata N-CT): - t*zs^zf
ta,cf,*,eztts- 6+9 =14
7d" !9' d .G M
^ ^f

t_ t- t"+
2P zF
-c. 41,
zF

o*z rzp f2.tr

aFts
dls
t'to_wngt criar.]
"A [3-,-
azszo-1.:- 6.b. I>
nzi c als N
B.o.= lo.6 - 2 ^'F' ^'".1
xlzFt CN-
no 6v+& o& cru- :_ €ttc!!
2*,*,&u,-rru,r^,-
bWW"&,,^+;;!;
No-
No7€
czs''
- xzsznzf
t\2b- ".zFa
--l-.o.
- :
z ' z-5
N O, No'
A
B.o. - to-tt -'^
--
{"-Ann io,,,n..-,Dia /,,"a* -
:*"
OalnitL Utu.aau
,
*AhaA d*fi;
** "-,b,s,,n,a-,+.*+g-
llord-d.L*o 1/i.1,uia,r.t/
'U/1$i3/*l
't-laz- i/l/vlzea4-b
I
o_ ( C+o
ZZe)- s"zsl zp:l
oaO - s'zs' zpl
n*a!. to. o&, cla,tacnA= 6fg=14 o$ .L,Et-on5= 6+S= l!
To*a.Q-"o.

A; fYos Aor Age -&5 305


n*zb
o'l+
zP
q"+
2F'ib

2b
L
2P

nzF trzp

CIS
fts o co+ o+
no unS-
*tstczaL czsL4z* cD+ :- -o'1-i"rx;"2
'Xr'F' 6.F' o*.1
B.o.= lo;3 - z.s
t y,-d,-<.^ *.].aru;n r,:, : -
d^ e.llii bvAr,,il-c&
NoTe:- fu*l*Vdt)n* "t eO+ B.o'= 2-o=l
Ilr,a14 CO,c.rr.e- pt rtran ih ru,,*rovd. .2
MoL*t rtk- bAoxiautzZ -,O"ba/r,ta41,L-
ttnt c'\, *wlctu,!-an onti.b.l', I'<-Y'* b d&'"r+)',U
ft-on "lar.t'--
co , cD* ")t
Hcl
.

3 3..t (+r +cr)


lbolr."L on*n i/woz;A/rt H cr) - rs'
*nd- f.uwqfrl\ .kcne.a,-l,go cr(tT) - tz-*zP6z*s|r
Bond- &t*$-ollcrrr
ryt 21-a-^'2-
=-ls 2s zhl gs- z'x

ffi.-g_na.o$
:$ :ii
.lr-tbLdnb
a = t +t+=rg
$an& oAco = l'l28 Ao AO M6
bane-
"g rd =/'trSAD 6-r+(sPz)
a.Qs

llF - (H + r)
ftcr) - rsl a J 2-1 z
F (O - rs'zsi zp= 192! zbx
,pt\
,g*.6 d-lnana
zF;
l+f=to
t\t
crC3F)() cr
++
eP a#
v'
3Fy
AO M05
6
-ao'
dCSFZ)
o- (sFz)
lr tgs) 3S
-f+
N.- C!4- AL---- f!,-tlA
r**'J*-"
r{aL errzpr) {rffir2:P',3f,
_ sL -a_
FC2FX) FQFv) 2P}
cl c,s) ^tzs,
rs
++
Hcl cl
MO ,nrLbz 6 n-rt :' rtzs-
2PrL gsz e(sP=)'s\x:
\' - 3hy"
z Py!
2F*
t.. Htr
tr (ls) t5
tr'
Mo @'/16! * Uf :- lf esl I'laTw*;c A"Zo^fio,rnt - D;a,,*,aA -
zbx. d.^^eb a-by,yLt-c.- rr""+";*,
z.Fy> "&"
- t.ll <JNt1
)- "Sr
]ct REMEMBER.: oi: :in a^r*
Z N - -t,iti'*q- ogffi$
qitrtaffiYtlW'{t*ffiW:h
i 9,.=-= ; i = + " I
-?Y*
u) b 2.,32, N L
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