RECITATION CARD

Name: __________________________         Section: ___________________

Third Quarter- Second Semester
Date                                           Recitation                             No. of points

7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 1

 Learning competencies

illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous).

distinguishes between a discrete and continuous random variable.

finds the possible values of a random variable.

illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its properties.

computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.

constructs the probability mass function of a discrete random variable and its
corresponding histogram.
 PROBABILITY
&
STATISTICS
Third Mid-quarter lessons

RANDOM VARIABLES
AND
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 3

Lesson Map
Random
Variable

Discrete Continuous
Random Random
Variable Variable

Mean, Variance, Standard

Discrete Probability
Deviation, and Its
Distribution
Applications
“Take risks. If you win you
Will be happy. If you lose
you will be wise.”
 RANDOM
PHENOMENON
 Picking a
Student at
Random
The toss of a coin, throw of a die
and lottery draws are all examples
of random events.
What is a RANDOM VARIABLE?
Random
- occurring without definite aim, reason, or pattern
- something unpredictable or unidentified

Variable
- is a symbol (A, B, x, y, etc.) that can take on any of a

specified set of values.

What is a RANDOM VARIABLE?
A random variable (also called stochastic variable) is a rule
that assigns a numerical value or characteristic to an
outcome of an experiment.

We use CAPITAL LETTERS to

represent a random variable.
What is an EXPERIMENT?
In probability, an experiment is an activity that can be done repeatedly and gives
results which are called outcomes.

Examples:
Tossing a coin
Rolling a die
Drawing a card from a standard deck of cards
Picking a ball from a box of 20 balls

What is an EVENT?
An event is the collection of one or more outcomes considered as a group.

Examples:
Getting a head when a coin is tossed
Getting an even number when a die is rolled
Getting a heart face card in a standard deck of cards
Getting a white ball from a box of 20 balls
 TWO TYPES OF
RANDOM VARIABLES
Discrete Random Variable
It is a random variable that can take only countable or finite
number of values. It can be obtained through the process of
counting.

Continuous Random Variable

It is a random variable that can assume an infinite
number of values in an interval between two specific
values. The values are often the results of
measurement.
Examples:
1. The Statistics and Probability test scores of a randomly selected student
Discrete or
2. The weight of the student before and during the pandemic Continuous?

3. The number of times 5 will appear when a die is rolled thrice

4. Getting a card greater than 9 from a standard deck of cards

5. The time needed to finish a test

6. The height of the study table

7. The number of voters favoring a candidate

Range Space vs. Sample Space
A range space is the
set of all possible
values in a random
A sample space is
variable.
the set of all possible
outcomes in an
experiment.
Coin-Toss Experiment!
Bring out any coin for the coin-toss
experiment or use the virtual coin toss
site: https://flipsimu.com/.

Toss the coin three (3) times and

record the result.

Write H for head and T for tail.

One strategy that is useful in identifying the
possible outcomes in an experiment is by
drawing a tree diagram.

A tree diagram is a visual tool that makes use of

branching connecting lines to represent a certain
relationship between the events.
 Coin-Toss Experiment!
Using the preceding example, determine the possible outcomes when
the coin is tossed three (3) times where H is for head and T is for tail.
First Toss Second Toss Third Toss
Outcomes Number of Tails (T)
H
H HHH 0
T HHT 1
H
H 1
HTH
T
T HTT 2
H THH 1
H THT 2
T T
TTH 2
H
T TTT 3
T
SAMPLE SPACE: S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT} RANGE SPACE: T = {0, 1, 2, 3}
Example 2:
A pair of dice is thrown, and the random
variable Y is defined such that Y gives the
sum of the two numbers that appear.
Determine the following:

A. range space
B. Y(3,2)
C. Y(4,6)
D. Y(1,3)
Example 2:
+ 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A. Range Space =
B. Y(3,2) =
C. Y(4,6) =
D. Y(1,3) =
Example 3:
A card is drawn from a deck of 20
cards (i.e., all cards numbered 1 to 5 in
a standard deck) and the random
variable W gives the number on the
card. Find the possible values for the
given random variable.
Discrete Probability Distribution
o also known as probability mass
function

o a table that gives a list of probability

values along with their associated
value in the range of a discrete random
variable.
Review: What is Probability?
It is the measure of certainty or uncertainty that an event will
happen. If E is an event, then the probability that E will happen
is denoted by P(E). If E is sure to happen, then P(E) = 1; however,
if E is impossible to happen, P(E) = 0. Thus, the probability of an
event could only be from 0 to 1.

Probability is how likely something is to happen. One might also

hear it called chance. Probability can be expressed as fractions,
decimals, or percentages, or on a probability scale.
Histogram
Just like any other statistical distribution, a
probability mass function may be graphed using a
histogram in which the:

o horizontal axis represents the values of the

random variable X

o vertical axis gives the corresponding

probabilities, P(X).
 Using Example 1 (When a coin is tossed three times)
Let Y be the random variable representing the number of tails that occur.
Construct the Probability Mass Function and Histogram.

Y
Outcome
Number of (number of tails) 0 1 2 3
tails (Y)
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
HHH 0 P(Y)
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
HHT 1
HTH 1 P(Y)
THH 1 What can you observe?
0.5
HTT 2
THT 2 0.4

TTH 2 0.3
TTT 3
0.2

0.1

0 Y
2 3
 Using Example 2 (When pair of dice is thrown,
such that Y gives the sum of the two numbers that appear.)
Construct the Probability Mass Function and Histogram.

Y 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P(Y) 1/36 2/36 3/36 4/36 5/36 6/36 5/36 4/36 3/36 2/36 1/36

0.0278 0.0556 0.0833 0.1111 0.1389 0.1667 0.1389 0.1111 0.0833 0.0556 0.0278
 Y 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P(Y) 1/36 2/36 3/36 4/36 5/36 6/36 5/36 4/36 3/36 2/36 1/36

0.0278 0.0556 0.0833 0.1111 0.1389 0.1667 0.1389 0.1111 0.0833 0.0556 0.0278
 Using Example 3
(When a card is drawn from a deck of 20 cards (i.e., all cards
numbered 1 to 5 in a standard deck) and the random variable W
gives the number on the card.
Construct the Probability Mass Function and Histogram.
W 1 2 3 4 5
P(Y) 4/20 4/20 4/20 4/20 4/20
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
ACTIVITY
Learning Targets:
 to distinguish a discrete and continuous random
variable.
 
 to find the possible values of a random variable.

 to construct a probability mass function and its

corresponding histogram.
Answer the following in your activity sheet:
Page 38 Nos. 1 & 2 (10 pts.)
3. Suppose three (3) cell phones are tested at random. Let D represent the
defective cellphone and let N represent the non-defective cellphone. If we let X be
the random variable for the number of defective cellphones, identify the a)
sample space, b) range space, c) probability mass function, and d) histogram.
(9 points)

4. The following are the COVID-19 active cases of Angeles City, Pampanga last July
16, 2022. If X is the random variable to represent, construct the a) probability
mass function, and b) histogram. (6 points)

X 1 2 3 4 7 12