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NLM Exp

This document describes an experiment to verify Newton's Second Law of Motion. The experiment uses a wooden plank with a sliding trolley to test the relationship between net force, mass, and acceleration. Weights are added to introduce a downward force, and the time it takes the trolley to slide a fixed distance is measured. Acceleration is calculated from the force and mass values, and also derived from the measured time and distance. Some error is observed between the two acceleration measurements, likely due to friction variations or human error in timing. The results still support Newton's Second Law within a reasonable error range.

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46 views4 pages

NLM Exp

This document describes an experiment to verify Newton's Second Law of Motion. The experiment uses a wooden plank with a sliding trolley to test the relationship between net force, mass, and acceleration. Weights are added to introduce a downward force, and the time it takes the trolley to slide a fixed distance is measured. Acceleration is calculated from the force and mass values, and also derived from the measured time and distance. Some error is observed between the two acceleration measurements, likely due to friction variations or human error in timing. The results still support Newton's Second Law within a reasonable error range.

Uploaded by

Human Error (Sid)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: SIDDHANT SINGH BISHT

Registration No:22BCE10779

Class No: A21 + A22 +A23


Experiment No: 1 Date:14 – NOV - 2022

Name:: SIDDHANT SINGH BISHT

Experimental verification of Newton’s Second Law, ΣF = Ma.

Equipment:
A wooden Planck with scale and frictionless surface, trolley of known weight. Cotton threads,
stop watch, and slotted weights
Theory:
Newton's 2nd law simply states that
"A nonzero net force ΣF acting on mass M generates an acceleration a in that mass such that ΣF
= Ma."
In Fig. 1, assuming no friction, the hanging mass m can cause motion for both m and M. The
force of gravity on m is F = mg. This force has to move a total mass of m + M. In the absence
of friction, F = mg is the only force causing motion. In this case mg is the ΣF.

Using Newton's 2nd Law:


ΣF = (Mass)(Accel.) , we may write:
mg = (m + M) a or,
a = mg / (m + M).

Fig. 1

1 Signature:
Name: SIDDHANT SINGH BISHT

Registration No:22BCE10779

Class No: A21 + A22 +A23


Experiment No: 1 Date:14 – NOV - 2022

Using Newton's 2nd Law:


ΣF = (Mass)(Accel.), we may write:
mg - μ Mg = (m + M) a or,
a = (mg - μ Mg ) / (m + M).

Fig. 2

In Fig. 2, assume friction is present for M only because it has to slide on the top of the horizontal
table. Since N = w in magnitude for M, we may write or N = Mg.
The force of kinetic friction is Fk = μ N , or Fk = μ Mg.

Procedure:

1. Fix the trolley on one side of wooden Planck and note its position by scale provided on it.
2. Tied the hook of Planck with thread and pass over pulley and tied the slotted weight.
3. When the Planck moves due to weight start stop watch and when it moves other end of
Planck stop the stop watch.
4. Note the time taken by wooden trolley to move.

OBSERVATION TABLE

Given and Measured g = 9.81 m/s2. S = length of the wooden bench

Time Measured
Total Calculate
a=
ΣF=mg mass da=
S. m M Individ Averag – μMg
μk ual e Time ΣF/(M+m
No (Kg) (Kg) M+m 2S /t2
time (t) )
(N)
(Kg) (m/s^-2)
(S) (S) (m/s^-2)
0.68s
50+26
0.63s 0.67s 0.5163 0.182 2.83 2.23 (m/s^-
1 = 76g 106g 0.22
0.70s N Kg (m/s^-2) 2)
76*10^ (-3) kg =106*10^ (-3)
2 Signature:
Name: SIDDHANT SINGH BISHT

Registration No:22BCE10779

Class No: A21 + A22 +A23


Experiment No: 1 Date:14 – NOV - 2022

100+26 0.54s
1.0063 0.232 4.33 3.19 (m/s^-
2 = 126g 0.58s 0.56s
N Kg (m/s^-2) 2)
126*10^(-3)kg 0.56s
150+26 0.47s
1.4963 0.282 5.31 4.73 (m/s^-
3 = 176g 0.46s 0.46s
N Kg (m/s^-2) 2)
176*10^(-3)kg 0.45s

Calculation(s):

1.a = (mg- μMg)/(m+M) = (0.076*9.81 – 0.22*0.106*9.81) / (0.106+0.076)


a = (0.7455 – 0.2287) / (0.182)
a = (0.5168) / (0.182)
a = 2.84 (m/s^-2)

a’ = (2S)/t^2 = 0.5/(0.67)^2
a’ = 1/0.4489
a’ = 2.23 (m/s^-2)

2.a = (mg- μMg)/(m+M) = (0.126*9.81 – 0.22*0.106*9.81) / (106+126)


a = (1.2360 – 0.2287 ) / (0.232)
a = (1.0073) / (0.232)
a = 4.34 (m/s^-2)

a’ = (2S)/t^2 = 0.5/(0.56)^2
a’ = 1/0.3136
a’ = 3.19 (m/s^-2)

3. a = (mg- μMg)/(m+M) = (0.176*9.81 – 0.22*0.106*9.81) / (106+176)


a = (1.7265 – 0.2287 ) / (0.282)
a = (1.4978) / (0.282)
a = 5.31 (m/s^-2)

a’ = (2S)/t^2 = 0.5/(0.46)^2
a’ = 1/0.2116
a’ = 4.73 (m/s^-2)

3 Signature:
Name: SIDDHANT SINGH BISHT

Registration No:22BCE10779

Class No: A21 + A22 +A23


Experiment No: 1 Date:14 – NOV - 2022

Error calculation.

E(1) = {(a – a’)/a’}(2S)/t^2 = {(4.34 – 3.19)/3.19}*100


E(1) = (0.61/2.23)*100
E(1) = 27.35%

E(2) = {(a – a’)/a’}(2S)/t^2 = {(2.84 – 2.23)/2.23}*100


E(2) = (1.15/3.19)*100
E(2) = 36.05%

E(3) = {(a – a’)/a’}(2S)/t^2 = {(5.31 – 4.73)/4.73}*100


E(3) = (0.58/4.73)*100
E(3) = 12.26%

Conclusion.
We observed some amount of error in Measured and calculated acceleration. This error has
likely arrived due to human error, inconstancy in frictional force or other natural factors
like air resistance etc.

Precaution.

1. Students should take multiple reading to reduce error.


2. Make sure you take measurement with stopwatch with maximum accuracy.
3. Make sure the distance travelled by the block remains consistent.
4. Make sure the friction of the system remains constant.
5. Do not forget to add the weight of the plate when calculating ‘m’.

4 Signature:

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