EXP -1

AIM : TO detect one cation and one anion in give salt.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

2
TEST OF ANION Brisk effervescence CO3 - may be present
Preliminary test due to release of CO2
Salt +dil H2SO4 gas which turns lime
water milky
Confirmatory test
1Sodium extract
Take 1 g of salt in a
porcelain dish or
boiling tube. Mix
about 3 g of solid
sodium
carbonate and add 15
mL of distilled water
to it. Stir and boil the
content for about
10 minutes. Cool,
filter and collect the
2-
filtrate in a test tube
and label it as sodium
carbonate extract..
CO3 confirmed
TEST : CO2 gas is evolved
Take 0.1 g of salt in a with brisk
test tube, add dilute effervescence which
sulphuric acid. turns lime
. water milky. On
passing the gas for
some more time,
milkiness
disappears
2-
2.Salt +water White ppt CO3 confirmed
+MgSO4 +heat
TEST OF CATION
Salt + NaOH +heat If there is a smell of Zero group may be
and bring the glass ammonia, this present
rod dipped in dil HCl indicates the presence
near the mouth of test of ammonium ions
tube ammonia reacts with
HCl to give white
dense fumes of NH4Cl
+
Confirmatory test Brown colour ppt is NH4 ion is confirmed
Salt +NaOH formed
+Nessler,s
reagent(K2HgI4)

RESULT :-The given salt contains CO32- AND NH 4+

Equation Should be written on plain page (left side)

CO3 2-

NH4+
NH3+HCl---NH4Cl
EXP -2

AIM – TO detect one cation and one anion in give salt.

Experiment Observation Inference

-2
1 Salt +dil H2SO4 NO change CO3 absent
2.Salt + Conc.H2SO4 Pungent smelling and Cl- may be present
colourless
Gas HCl is released
out .
Confirmatory test for Cl- is confirmed
Cl- White ppt of AgCl
1.Salt +dil HNO3 formed which is
+AgNO3 solution soluble in ammonium
2.Chromyl chloride hydroxide solution
test

salt + solid potassium Orange fumes of

dichromate chromyl
(K2Cr2O7)in a test chloride released Cl- is confirmed
tube + conc. H2SO4, out
heat
It becomes yellow.
pass the fumes
evolved through
sodium hydroxide A yellow precipitate
solution.. . is formed.
In above solution add
acetic acid and lead
acetate solution.

Test for cation NH4+

Write The same test as in above salt (Ammonium carbonate)

RESULT :- Given salt contains NH4+ and Cl-

Write equation on plain page (Confirmatory test for Cl-)

EXP 3

AIM : TO detect one cation and one anion in give salt.

Experiment Observation Inference

-2
1 Salt +dil H2SO4 NO change CO3 - absent
2Preliminary test Brown fumes evolve NO3 may be present
.Salt .which become dense
+Conc.H2SO4+Cu upon heating the
turnings +heat reaction mixture after
addition of copper
turnings and the
 solution acquires blue
colour.
Confirmatory test NO3- is confirmed
salt solution in water A dark brown ring is
in a test tube +freshly formed at the junction
prepared ferrous of the two solutions
sulphate solution and
add conc.H2SO4
along the side of test
Tube

Test for cation

NH 4 + :write the same test as exp 1(should be written)

RESULT :- The given salt contains NH4+,NO3-

SAME AS IN ABOVE AMMONIUM CARBONATE SALT

NO3-
Exp 4
AIM : TO detect one cation and one anion in give salt.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Test for Anion 2-
1.Salt +Dil H2SO4 No brisk CO3 Absent
effervescence
2.salt + Dil H2SO4 Vinegar like smell CH3COO- may be
+heat present
3.Confirmatory test: Blood red colour CH3COO-is
Salt +neutral Ferric confirmed
chloride solution
Test for cation
4.Salt+NaOH+Heat No change (no smell Zero group is absent
of ammonia)
Preparation of original
solution
Salt+ water and shake
it well or heat-
Transparent solution White ppt of lead First group may be
is formed chloride is formed present
5.Original solution
+dil HCl
Confirmatory test:
Dissolve the First group present
precipitate in hot
water and divide Yellow ppt Pb+2 is confirmed
The solution in two
parts
i.First part+KI
ii.second part A yellow precipitate Pb+2 is confirmed
+potassium chromate is obtained which is
 soluble in NaOH and
insoluble in
ammonium acetate
solution

RESULT :Given salt contains---Pb+2,CH3COO-

EQUATION FOR CH3COO-

EQUATION FOR LEAD

EXP -5 AIM : TO detect one cation and one anion in give salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1.Salt +dil H2SO4 NO Change CO32- ,CH3COO-
Absent
2.Salt+Conc.H2SO4 No change Cl-,Br- ,I-,NO3-
Absent
 2-
3.Salt+dilHCl+BaCl2 White ppt SO4 is present
Solution
2-
4. White precipitate+ White precipitate SO4 confirmed
conc.HCl insoluble in conc. HCl
TEST FOR Cation
1. Salt + NaOH +heat No change Zero group absent
2. Salt+ water and No change First group absent
shake it well or heat-
Transparent solution
is formed
3.Original solution
+dil HCl
4.Pass H2S gas in No change Second group absent
above solution
5.Boil off H2S gas A gelatinous white Third group is present
+Cool+NH4Cl+Heat precipitate indicates
+COOL+NH4Cl the presence of
excess aluminium ion (Al+3)
soluble in
excess of sodium
hydroxide solution
Confirmatory test A blue Al+3 is confirmed
add blue floating mass in the
litmus solution and colourless
then ammonium solution is obtained.
hydroxide solution
drop by drop along
the sides of the test
tube.

RESULT The given salt contains SO42- and Al+3 ions

EQUATION FOR

SO4 2-

EQUATIO FOR Al+

EXP 6 AIM : TO detect one cation and one anion in give salt. Zinc acetate
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for Anion 1.Salt 2-
+Dil H2SO4 No brisk effervescence CO3 Absent
2.salt + Dil H2SO4 Vinegar like smell CH3COO- may be
+heat present
3.Confirmatory test: Blood red colour CH3COO-is
Salt +neutral Ferric confirmed
chloride solution
Test for cation
4.Salt+NaOH+Heat No change (no smell of Zero group is absent
ammonia)
Preparation of
original solution
Salt+ water and No change First group absent
shake it well or heat-
Transparent solution
is formed
5.Original solution
+dil HCl
Pass H2S in above No Change Second group absent
solution
5.Boil off H2S gas No change Third group ansent
+Cool+NH4Cl+Heat
+COOL+NH4Cl
excess
Pass H2S gas in above White ppt is formed Fourth group Zn+2
solution may be present
Dissolve the precipitate
in dilute HCl by boiling.+
A bluish
white precipitate Zn+2 is confirmed
ammonium appears
hydroxide solution and add
potassium ferrocyanide
solution

RESULT :-The given salt contains Cl-AND

3 Zn+2 4

EXP 7 AIM : TO detect one cation and one anion in give salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for Anion 1.Salt 2-
+Dil H2SO4 No brisk effervescence CO3 Absent
2.Salt + Conc.H2SO4 Pungent smelling Cl- may be present
and colourless
Gas HCl is released out
.
Confirmatory test Cl- is confirmed
for Cl- White ppt of AgCl
1.Salt +dil HNO3 formed which is
soluble in ammonium
+AgNO3 solution hydroxide solution
2.Chromyl chloride
test
salt + solid Orange fumes
potassium of chromyl Cl- is confirmed
dichromate chloride
(K2Cr2O7)in a test released out
tube + conc. H2SO4,
heat It becomes yellow.

pass the fumes A yellow precipitate is

evolved through formed.
sodium
hydroxide
solution.. .
In above solution add
acetic acid and lead
acetate solution.
4.Salt+NaOH+Heat No change (no smell of Zero group is absent
ammonia)
Preparation of
original solution
Salt+ water and No change First group absent
shake it well or heat-
Transparent solution
is formed
5.Original solution
+dil HCl
Pass H2S in above No Change Second group absent
solution
5.Boil off H2S gas No change Third group ansent
+Cool+NH4Cl+Heat
+COOL+NH4Cl
excess
Pass H2S gas in above Buff colour ppt is Fourth group Mn+2
solution formed may be present
Dissolve the precipitate A white precipitate is Mn+2 is confirmed
in dilute HCl by boiling.+ formed which turns brown
sodium hydroxide solution on
in keeping.
excess.

RESULT :-The given salt contains Cl-AND

3 Mn+2 4

Exp 8
AIM : TO detect one cation and one anion in give salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for Anion 1.Salt 2-
+Dil H2SO4 No brisk effervescence CO3 Absent
2.Salt + Conc.H2SO4 Pungent smelling Cl- may be present
and colourless
Gas HCl is released out
.
Confirmatory test Cl- is confirmed
for Cl- White ppt of AgCl
1.Salt +dil HNO3 formed which is
+AgNO3 solution soluble in ammonium
2.Chromyl chloride hydroxide solution
test
salt + solid Orange fumes
potassium of chromyl Cl- is confirmed
dichromate chloride
(K2Cr2O7)in a test released out
tube + conc. H2SO4,
heat It becomes yellow.
 pass the fumes
evolved through A yellow precipitate is
sodium formed.
hydroxide
solution.. .
In above solution add
acetic acid and lead
acetate solution.
4.Salt+NaOH+Heat No change (no smell of Zero group is absent
ammonia)
Preparation of
original solution
Salt+ water and No change First group absent
shake it well or heat-
Transparent solution
is formed
5.Original solution
+dil HCl
Pass H2S in above No Change Second group absent
solution
5.Boil off H2S gas No change Third group absent
+Cool+NH4Cl+Heat
+COOL+NH4Cl
excess
Pass H2S gas in above No change Fourth group absent
solution
Boil off H2S gas + NH4Cl and an
excess of NH4OH solution
White ppt Fifth group present
followed by solid ammonium
carbonate (NH4)2CO3.
Dissolve the white A yellow Ba+2 is confirmed
precipitate by boiling with Precipitate is formed
dilute acetic acid and
divide the solution into
three parts
First part + first part add
potassium chromate
solution.
Result :The given salt contains Ba+2 and Cl-

EXP 9
AIM : To detect one cation and one anion in give salt.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Test for Anion 1.Salt 2-
+Dil H2SO4 No brisk effervescence CO3 Absent
2.Salt + Conc.H2SO4 Pungent smelling Cl- may be present
and colourless
Gas HCl is released out
.
Confirmatory test Cl- is confirmed
for Cl- White ppt of AgCl
1.Salt +dil HNO3 formed which is
+AgNO3 solution soluble in ammonium
2.Chromyl chloride hydroxide solution
test
salt + solid Orange fumes
potassium of chromyl Cl- is confirmed
dichromate chloride
(K2Cr2O7)in a test released out
tube + conc. H2SO4,
heat It becomes yellow.

pass the fumes A yellow precipitate is

evolved through formed.
sodium
hydroxide
solution.. .
In above solution add
acetic acid and lead
acetate solution.
4.Salt+NaOH+Heat No change (no smell of Zero group is absent
ammonia)
Preparation of
original solution
Salt+ water and No change First group absent
shake it well or heat-
Transparent solution
is formed
5.Original solution
+dil HCl
Pass H2S in above No Change Second group absent
solution
5.Boil off H2S gas No change Third group absent
+Cool+NH4Cl+Heat
+COOL+NH4Cl
excess
Pass H2S gas in above No change Fourth group absent
solution
Boil off H2S gas + NH4Cl White ppt Fifth group present
and an excess of NH4OH
solution followed by solid
ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3.
Dissolve the white A white Ca+2 is confirmed
precipitate by boiling with precipitate of calcium
dilute acetic acid and oxalate is obtained.
divide the solution into
three parts
Second part +Add
ammonium oxalate
solution and shake
well.

Result :The given salt contains Ca+2 and Cl-

EXP 10
AIM : To detect one cation and one anion in give salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for Anion 1.Salt 2-
+Dil H2SO4 No brisk effervescence CO3 Absent
Salt .brown fumes NO3- may be present
+Conc.H2SO4+Cu
turnings +heat
Salt +Freshly prepared A dark brown ring is formed at NO3- is confirmed
FeSO4 solution add the junction of the two solutions
conc.H2SO4 along the
side of test tube

4.Salt+NaOH+Heat No change (no smell of Zero group is absent

ammonia)
Preparation of
original solution
Salt+ water and No change First group absent
shake it well or heat-
Transparent solution
is formed
5.Original solution
+dil HCl
Pass H2S in above No Change Second group absent
solution
5.Boil off H2S gas No change Third group absent
+Cool+NH4Cl+Heat
+COOL+NH4Cl
excess
Pass H2S gas in above No change Fourth group absent
solution
Boil off H2S gas + NH4Cl and an
excess of NH4OH solution
White ppt Fifth group present
followed by solid ammonium
carbonate (NH4)2CO3.
Dissolve the white precipitate by
boiling with dilute acetic acid
A white
precipitate of calcium Sr+2 is confirmed
and divide the solution into oxalate is obtained.
three parts
Third part
and add ammonium
sulphate solution.

Result :The given salt contains sr+2 and NO3-

EXP 11
AIM : To detect one cation and one anion in give salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for Anion 1.Salt 2-
+Dil H2SO4 No brisk effervescence CO3 2-Absent
Salt No change Cl- ,Br-,NO3- Absent
+Conc.H2SO4+Cu
turnings +heat
Salt +Dil HCl+BaCl2 SO42- is confirmed
White ppt is formed
Solution
4.Salt+NaOH+Heat No change (no smell of Zero group is absent
ammonia)
 Preparation of
original solution
Salt+ water and No change First group absent
shake it well or heat-
Transparent solution
is formed
5.Original solution
+dil HCl
Pass H2S in above No Change Second group absent
solution
5.Boil off H2S gas No change Third group absent
+Cool+NH4Cl+Heat
+COOL+NH4Cl
excess
Pass H2S gas in above No change Fourth group absent
solution
Boil off H2S gas + NH4Cl No change Fifth group Absent
and an excess of NH4OH
solution followed by solid
ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3.
To the original solution of White ppt is formed Sixth group Mg+2 is
salt confirmed
added ammonium
hydroxide
solution, followed by
disodium
hydrogen phosphate
solution.
Heated and scratched the
sides of the test tube.

Result The given salt contains Mg+2 and SO42-