Climate of Region 3

& ENSO Variability

Presented By:

REMEDIOS L. CIERVO
Senior Weather Specialist
PAGASA-CAD
 CLIMATE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Rainfall - single climatic element that can

adequately describe Philippine climate

More than 50% of annual rainfall is

attributed to tropical cyclone activity
 SEASONAL RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Average Rainfall Average Rainfall
April- September October to March
(1981-2010) (1981-2010)

• Rainfall distribution is greatly

affected by monsoon activity

• Shift of rainfall pattern in all

parts of the country

• Higher rainfall in most parts of

Region 3 during APR-SEP {SW
Monsoon (Habagat) Season}

Second Semester - October to March of the

First Semester - April to September, following year, synchronized with the
synchronized with southwest monsoon northeast monsoon
 Type 1 (IBA, ZAMBALES) Type 3 (ISU, Echague)
1200.0

1000.0 1200.0

RAINFALL (mm)
1000.0

RAINFALL (mm)
800.0

600.0 800.0

400.0 600.0

400.0
200.0
200.0
0.0
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 0.0
MONTH Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
MONTH

Type 1 Climate: Type 3 Climate:

Two pronounced seasons: dry No very pronounced maximum rain
from November to April, and period, with a short dry season
wet during the rest of the year lasting only from one to three
months, it resembles the first type
more closely because it has a short
dry season.
Type 4 (DAVAO CITY) Type 2 (CASIGURAN, AURORA)
1200.0
1200.0
1000.0
1000.0

RAINFALL (mm)
RAINFALL (mm)

800.0 800.0

600.0 600.0
400.0
400.0
200.0
200.0
0.0
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 0.0
MONTH Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
MONTH

Type 4 Climate: Type 2 Climate:

Rainfall more or less evenly No dry season with a very
pronounced maximum rain period
distributed throughout the
from December-February, although
year. This resembles the
there is not a single dry month.
second type more closely
since it has no dry season.
 Climate Type of Region 3 Type 2 Climate- No dry season with a very
pronounced maximum rain period from
December-February, although there is not a
single dry month.
Type I Climate: Two pronounced • Aurora Province
seasons: dry from November to April, and Type 3 Climate
wet during the rest of the year East of Nueva Ecija & Bulacan
• Tarlac
• Pampanga
• Bulacan
• Bataan,
Northeast
• Zambales
windflow
• West of Nueva Ecija
• West of Bulacan

Orographic Effect/Lifting

LEEWARD
• Higher number of TC
frequency during
July-October
TC Climatology - AURORA
TC Climatology - BATAAN
TC Climatology - BULACAN
TC Climatology - PAMPANGA
TC Climatology - TARLAC
TC Climatology – NUEVA ECIJA
TC Climatology - ZAMBALES
Annual Percentage of Rainfall Associated with Tropical Cyclone
% of Rainfall
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Station Names
NAIA 429
PortArea 425
Science Garden 430
Sangley Point 428
Vigan 222
Tuguegaro 233
Baguio City 328
Dagupan 325
Iba, Zam bales 324
Cubi Pt,Subic 426
Am bulong 432
Calapan 431
Puerto Princes a 618
Cuyo 630
Coron 526
Itbayat 132
Bas co Synop 135
Calayan 133
Aparri 232
Cabanatuan 330
Cas iguran 336
Alabat 435
Infanta 434
Rom blon 536
Mas bate 543
Daet 440
Legas pi 444
Virac Synop 446
Virac Radar 447
Roxas City 538
Iloilo 637
Catarm an 546
Catbalogan 548
Tacloban City 550
Dum aguete 642
Mactan 646
Maas in 648
Surigao City 653
Hinatuan 755
Dipolog 741
Lum bia 747
Cagayan De Oro 748
Malaybalay 751
Davao 753
Zam boanga 836
% Annual RR due to TC % Annual RR due other Wx Systems
ENSO Variability
 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
• A large-scale natural fluctuation of the global climate system
resulting from the interactions between the ocean and
atmosphere in in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific (CEEP).

YOU
ARE
HERE
Phases of ENSO:
El Niño – unusual warming in the CEEP
La Niña – unusual cooling in the CEEP
Neutral – neither El Niño nor La Niña
ENSO-
Neutral

El Niño La Niña
General Impacts of ENSO on Seasonal Rainfall
General Impacts of ENSO on Seasonal Rainfall
General Impacts of ENSO on Seasonal Rainfall
General Impacts of ENSO on Seasonal Rainfall
ENSO IMPACTS ON TC IN THE PHILIPPINES
Sept-November TC tracks during
the six strongest warm years

Sept-November TC tracks during

the six strongest cold years

Tropical cyclones needs warm SST to strengthen and develop

• La Niña: generally more TC develops closer to the Philippines

• El Niño: most TC develops in the warmer water of the Pacific
Summary:

• Region 3 has three 3 climate types: Type 1 , 2, 3;

• Rainfall distribution is greatly affected by monsoon,
topography, tropical cyclones and ENSO variability;
• ENSO affects our country’s (as well as Region 3) TC activity
(i.e., frequency, intensity and tracks);
• Therefore careful planning and timing is necessary in order
to minimize their impacts and maximize its benefits.
 Website:
www.bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph
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Twitter:
@dost_pagasa

PAGASA new Number

Trunkline: (02) 8284- 0800
Typhoon Climate
927-1541 Local 905/906
Local 805

Flood IEC
Local 808 Local 102/103