SECTION THE SECOND .

Sounds of the Albanian Language - Sketch of the Grammar - Vocabulary,

The Shkipetaric, or Albanian, is not a written language : in the

Southern districts, indeed , its words are sometimes represented in
Greek characters, but even this does not often occur, Greek being in
most places so familiar to the higher classes, that whenever writing is
necessary, the Greek language is generally preferred. The Greek
alphabet, besides, is unable to express all the Albanian sounds, although
the Albanian speech includes all the sounds of the modern Greek
dialect. In forming an alphabet for Albanian, therefore, it has been
necessary to add the following forms to those already given for
expressing Romaic words in Latin characters.

e is a vowel between the Italian a and e, uttered deep in the throat,

being the same as the vowel-sound in the English words burn, son, but
generally very short.
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u resembles the French u , but the sound is more slender, and is

thrown upwards towards the nostrils.

k is a common k, sounded between the tip of the tongue and

upper teeth .

k is used to represent a guttural k not aspirated, being nearly, if not

exactly, the sound of the Arabic kof.

kh is the х of the modern Greeks, sounded through the nose , or it

may be expressed by our h , sounded in the same manner.

l represents an l1 pronounced in the fauces, and nearly resembling the

Italian gl.

* is nearly the Italian gn, but sounded a little in the nostrils.

s is the English sh , but not so harsh , and uttered nearer the teeth.

z represents very nearly the French j in jamais.

The other characters used in the following pages are intended to be

read in the same manner as those of modern Greek words, written with
our own alphabet ; * thus dh will represent the sound of the Romaic ô ;
th that of 9 ; kh that of x ; tz that of the English ch in child ; dz
that of the English j in John ; all which sounds are used in Albanian.

* See Chap . I. Sect . I. of this Volume.

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The chief peculiarity of the Albanian utterance is its predilection for

nasal sounds. In addition to those already mentioned , the simple
mutes, expressed in other languages by b, g, d, have generally in
Albanian a sound formed by throwing them upwards towards the
nostrils. This happens especially in the beginning of a word , and
might have been expressed either by those letters in Italics, or in a
manner nearly descriptive of their sounds by mb, nd , ng ; but it has
been thought better not to multiply the difficulties of reading the
Albanian words by any more new characters or combinations than
those already described .

In the many words borrowed from Turkish, Romaic , Latin , French ,

&c. the Albanians have generally substituted their favorite nasal or
guttural sounds for the kindred sounds of the original language.

As it is obvious that the marking of accent is one of the most

important things to be observed in writing the words of a foreign
language with our own alphabet, this has been particularly attended
to in the ensuing pages .
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1

GRAMMAR .

The following endeavour to form some grammatical rules for the

Albanian dialect was made in order to facilitate the acquisition of the
language ; and I was, until very lately, quite ignorant of any similar
attempt having been before made.* Though I had met with several Alba
nians of talents, and adequate learning, yet I never found one who had
bestowed any attention on the grammar of his vernacular speech, or who
had thought of any arrangement of rules, arising from that similarity of
inflexion in the several parts of speech, which occurs in every language.
The greater part of the information upon which the following remarks
are founded, was derived from Evstrátio (Evo spários), of Viskúki, who
holds the rank of Hieroceryx (*Tepoxýpu ) in the Greek church , and
had been many years school -master at Moskhópoli. Besides being
well acquainted with Hellenic and Romaic, and speaking and writing

* Mr. lloblouse, in the Appendix to his travels in Albania, &c. has given the substance
of an Albanian grammar, composed by an Italian missionary of the Roman Congregation de
Propaganda Fide . It is intituled,-Osservazioni Grammaticali nella Lingua Albanese del
P. Francesco Maria da Lecce, &c .; printed at the Propagandâ press at Rome in 1716 .
Some diversity will be remarked between the grammar of da Lecce, and the grammatical
sketch now submitted to the public; but the former was chiefly intended for Northern Albania ,
where alone there are any Christians of the Latin church, and where the dialect differs in some
respects from that of the mountains of the South : and it is observable, that the words of an
oral language may be written very dissimilarly by two persons of different nations, although
the sounds intended to be described may be nearly the same.
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Auently in both, he possessed that more accurate knowledge of his

native Albanian dialect, which was to be expected in a person so
qualified .

ARTICLE .

The indefinite article of the English language is supplied in

Albanian, as in Romaic, and many other modern languages, by the
first numeral .

The definite article coalesces with the noun, and forms a part of it ,
either by altering its last syllable, or both its first and last syllable, or
by forming an additional syllable at the end of the noun.

Thus årenáda , cow, without the article, is ... liópe.

jj ayeráòa, the cow, liópa.
xarow, of good, miri.
TOŨ xamoll, of the good, tmírit.
άνθρωπος , man, neri.
• avApwros, the man, neríu.

In nouns masculine, the article in the nom . sing. is most commonly

i, substituted for the final vowel, when the word ends in a vowel ; or
affixed to it, when it ends in a consonant , as,

xanòs, good, iinire .

ο καλός , imíri.

áyyeaos, angel, éngel.

ο άγγελος, éngeli.
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ExcePTIONS ,

1. When the word ends in o or a , accented on the last syllable, or

.

on the antepenultimate, the article is kh (x) affixed , as

Xprotós, Christ, • • . Khristó .

ο Χριστός , Khristokh .
Owuäs, Thomas, Thoma.
ο Θωμάς , Thomákh .

2. When the word ends in o, accented on the penultimate, the

article is a affised , as

IIétpos, Peter, Pétro .

ο Πετρος, Pétroa ,

3. When the word ends in a, accented on the penultimate, it is the

same with or without the article, as

Bapváßas, Barnabas, Varnava.

ο Βαρνάβας, Varnáva .

The foregoing exceptions apply chiefly to words borrowed from the

Greek.

4. When the word ends in i accented , the article is generally

u affixed , as

άνθρωπος , man , ••• nerí.

ο άνθρωπος, neriu .
2 L
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But sometimes the article is aa affixed, as

Osos, God, Perendi.

ο Θεός, Perendía.

5. When the word ends in a consonant, and instead of i affixed ,

takes some other letter, or letters, for the additional syllable, as

Touri, bird, zok.

το πουλί , zóngu.

These last exceptions are various, and must be learned by practice.

In nouns feminine, the article in the nom . sing. is always affixed to ,

or substituted for, the last letter of the noun, except when it ends in
an accented vowel, or in a, or in a liquid , when the diphthong ia
forms the article.

EXAMPLES .

Qúpa, door, dére.

η θύρα , déra.

Oußen, Thebes, .
Thívi.

i Onßn, Thíva.

Qaxs, lentil, thiér.

η φακή , thiéra.

yuvaixa, woman, grúa.

η γυναίκα, grúaia.
oúpavos, heaven , kiel .

ο ουρανός , kielia.
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Greek neuters plural having no singulars when adopted in Albanian,

take the article in the same manner, as

' Iwávviva, vulgò Tráviva , (name of a city) Ghianíne.

τα Ιωάννινα, Ghianína.

NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE .

The inflexions of substantives are so variable in Albanian , that it

is not pretended to give any rules for arranging them in declensions ;
the following examples may serve to show the usual modes of forming
their inflexions, both with and without the article. There are only
two genders, masculine and feminine, which last may be considered
as including the neuter ; and three cases, nominative, genitive, and
accusative. The dative is supplied, as in Romaic, by the preposition
de, eis, to, and the accusative.

EXAMPLES.

1. Masculine, neri, äv&pwros, man .

Without the article . With the article .

Sing. nom. (Ğybpwntos), &c. nerí. (8 av& pwntos) .... neríu .

gen . neríu . neriut.
acc . nerí. neríne.
Plur . nom . .. néres . nérezit .
gen . néreze. nérezet,
acc . néres. nérezit.
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2. Feminine, dére, Cúpa, ( door. )

Without the article . With the article .

Sing. nom. (Oupa) &c . .. dére . (ή θύρα) &c... déra .

gen. dére. dérese,
acc . dére. dérene.
Plur . nom . ... dier. dierte.
gen . díerve . díervet .
acc . dier. . dierte.

i
3. Feminine, kiel, oupavós, heaven.
Without the article . With the article .

Sing, nom. (oúpavos) &c. .. kíel. (ó oúpavos) &c. kíelia .

gen . .. kíele . ekíelse.
acc . kíelne. kíelne .
Plur . nom . kiele. kielte.
gen . kielve, kíelvet .
acc . kiele. kielte.

4. Feminine, re, cúveQoy, cloud .

Without the article . With the article .

Sing. nom . (cúyvedov) &c. re. (το σύγνεφον) &c. rea.

gen . rése .
erése.
acc . re .
réne .
Plur . nom . re.
réte .
gen . réve. erévet.
acc . re .
réte.
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5. Masculine, zok, touri, bird.

Without the article . With the article .

Sing. nom . ((moual) & c. •. zok.

πουλί &c. (το πουλί) &c . zóngu.
gen . zóngu. ezóngut.
асс . zok. zokne,
Plur. nom . zok . zókte.
gen . zóngu. zóngevet.
acc . zok. zókte.

6. Feminine, kârte, zapri,

χαρτί, paper..

Without the article . With the article .

Sing. nom . (xagti) &c. .. kárte. (το χαρτί) &c . kárta .

gen . kárte. kártese.

acc . kárte. kártene.
Plur . nom . kártera . kárterat.

gen. .... karteráve. karteravet .

acc . kártera . kárterat.

7. Masculine, tedásure, ayann, love, desire.

Without the article . With the article.

Sing. nom . (áyánn) &c... tedásure . ( ayánn) & c ... tedásurit.

gen. tedásuri . tedásurit.
acc . tedásure . tedasurit.
Plur. nom . tedásura . tedasurite.
tedasurave. tedasurivet.
gen :
acc . tedásura. tedasurite.
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' 8. Feminine, senterí, áyiwoúvn, sanctity.

Without the article . With the article .

Sing. nom . (aywoúmn) &c. senterí. (ý sywoúr ) &c. sentería.

gen . senteríe . senterise.
acc . senterí. sentería.
Plur, nom . ... senterí. senteríte.
gen. senteríve. senteriavet.
acc . senterí. senteríte .

NOUNS ADJECTIVE .

Adjectives receive the article in the same manner as substantives, as

ilík, á xayvos, bad, ( masc .)
ilínku, ó óxouvos, the bad.
esemtúare , ãoxmun, ugly, (fem .)
esemtúara , a doxney, the ugly .

Example to show the declension of adjectives.

imíre, xaños, good .
WITHOUT THE ARTICLE.

Masculine. Feminine .

Sing. nom . (xados) &c. .. imíre. (xann) &c. .. emíre.

gen. miri. semíre .
acc. temíre. temíre.
Plur. nom . temíre . temíra .
gen. míreve . tmírave.
acc . .. temíre. temíra .
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WITH THE ARTICLE .

Masculine. Feminine.

Sing. nom. (o xano's) & c. imíri (ý xada ) & c ... emíra .

gen . tmírit. semírese.
асс . temírene. temirene.
Plur . nom . .. temírete. temirate.
gen . tmírevet. tmíravet.
acc . temirete. temirate.

When the adjective is joined to a substantive, the substantive usually

precedes.

When the definite article is required, the word which precedes

bears it.

When the last letter or syllable of the word , which precedes, is the
same as the first of that, which follows, they are not repeated in
the latter , - as, grúase míre, rñs xazīs yuvasxós, of the good woman ;
and not grúase semíre.
When the substantive follows, the oblique cases are not used, but
the form of the nominative, either singular or plural, is used in all the
cases, as tmíravet zémera, xarcõv xapôrõv, of good hearts ; and not
tmíravet zemerávet.

And this indeclinable form is sometimes, but not so often , observed

in adjectives.

The comparison of adjectives is effected by the words me, more,

and fort, much ; as me imíre, xanýtepos, better ; fort ibúkur, sýpopcó
TATOS,, very handsome.
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PRONOUNS ,

First Person u , yw , I.

Sing. nom . u, úne .

Gen. dat . and acc . múa.
Plur . nom . ne or néve.
Gen. dat. and acc .
néve, úne.

Second Person tí, ou, thou .

Sing. nom . ti, tine.

Gen. and acc . tu , téie,
Dat. ni.
Plur . nom . iú.
Gen. dat. and acc. iúve.

The place of the third personal pronoun is supplied by the demon

strative aí, airos or extīvos.

A different form of these three pronouns is used when they are

gorerned by a verb . They then precede the verb , except when it
is in the imperative mood ;

múa being changed into me.

néve into na
tu -into te.
iúve into u .
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And the cases of the third person are as follow :

ToŰ, of him, to him ti, i, ua, or ia, according

Sing. gen. and dat ris, of her, to her to the letters which they
TOŪ, of it, to it precedeor follow .
Tòv, him,
a, e , ta, te.
Acc. Triv, her,
To, it, }
TOUS 1 of them, to them , them—tu, u, ua.
Plur. gen. dat. acc. ταις J} - i.
τα, them ,

EXAMPLES.

δόσμov
ôóru ου,, give me -- ap me.
yà Toü ypávw , that I may write to him - te i skrúan.

But when in the same phrase , the accusative case of the third
personal pronoun is likewise required ; it is as follows -

Sing. acc. - a or (when following a word ending in a) e.

Plur. acc. - i .

EXAMPLES

δόσμουτα , give them to me ap me i.

τον him
her to us na eeр.
μάς
{ }
την
TO
divers, thou givest
it }
* As the usual mode of expressing a diphthong, by writing the two vowels in Italics, would
produce ambiguity when one of those vowels has two sounds, also distinguished by means of the
Italic print, it has been necessary in these cases to use a curved line under.
9 M
M
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τον him
σοι

{ } Triu
TO
divw , I give
& } her

it
to thee — te a ap.
-

The final e of all these particles being elided, when coming before
another vowel, the expressions te i skrúan, ap me i, and te a ap,
here written at length to show their construction, should be pronounced
ti skruan , ap mi, ta ap. And here it may be observed, that the
elision of an initial or final vowel, when meeting another, the elision
of a final vowel occasionally without any such cause , the addition
of a final consonant , and some other slight changes from the rules
here given , for the sake of euphony, are common in Albanian , and
will be exemplified in the exercises .

PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE .

T se are as follow in the singular masculine without the article :

im , mine.
it or ut , thine.

itíie, his.

úne, our .

úaie, your.
itíre, itúre , their.
it has jóte in the fem . nom . and sate in the fem . acc.
úne has iáne in the fem . nom . and sáne in the fem . acc .

But in general the inflexions of these pronouns vary so much in the

usages of different classes and districts, that it is not attempted to
give them at length .
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Pronouns Demonstrative.

1. ki, τούτος, ετούτος, ταύτος, &c. this.

Masculine. Feminine .

Sing. nom . ki, ku keió.

gen . ketikh kesákhe or kesáie.
асс . keté keté .

Plur . nom . keta ketó .

gen . ketire ketíre.

acc . ketá ketó .

9. al, αυτός, εκείνος , &c. that.

Masculine. Feminine.

aiú aió .
Sing. nom . aí,
,
gen . atikh asáie.

acc . até até.

Plur . nom . atá ató .

gen . atíreve atíreve.

acc . atá ató .

Pronoun Relative.

ke, όπου, ο οποίος , who, which .

Indeclinable .

Pronoun Interrogative.

tz or tete, ti, what ?

Indeclinable.

1
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VERBS .

The auxiliary verbs are two, as in Romaic.

1. kam, éxw , I have.

Indicative Mood .

Present. Past.

Sing. éxw, &c. kam Sing. eixa , & c. kísna .

ke kísne .
ka kíste .
kémi kísim .
kini kisite .
kane kísne.

Imperative.

Sing. fxe, kikh .

Plur . έχετε , kini.

Conjunctive Mood.

Present. Indefinite.
Sing. kem Sing . patza.
kes patz.
kéte páste.
Plur. kémi Plur. patzim .
kini pátzi.
kéne pátzine.

The use of these two tenses will be shown in the verb skruan .
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2. dúa, O'énw , I will.

Indicative.

Present. Imperfect.
Şing.. Oéac , &c.. – dúa Sing. 7022, &c.- dóia.
do dóie .
do dokhite .
Plur. dúame Plur. dóghim.
dóghini dóghite.
duane dóipine .

Past.

ηθέλησα, &c. désa .

dése.
des.
désem .
déste.
désne.

Imperative.

Sing. Gérs, dúakh .

Plur . θελήσατε , dóghini.

Conjunctive.

Present. Indefinite.

Sing. dúa Sing dása.

dúas dastz.
dbie daste.
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Present . Indefinite .
Plur.-as in the indicative. Plur. dasim .
dásit.
dásine.
Participle, dásure.

The greater part of Albanian verbs ends in n . The following will

exemplify the mode of forming the tenses and their inflexions.

Skrúan, ypáow, I write.

Active Voice .

Indicative..

Present. Imperfect
Sing. (ypáow ) &c. skrúan. Sing. ( šypada) &c. skrúana.
skrúan . skruane.
skrúan . skrúante .
Plur. skrúanme. Plur. skruanim .
skruani . skruanit.
skruanne. skruanin .

Past.

Sing. ( šypalo) &c. skróva.

skrove .

skrókhti.
Plur . skruam .
skruate.
skruane.
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Conjunctive.

Present. Indefinite.

Sing. ( ypauw ) & c . skrúan. Sing. skrofsa.

skrúans. skrofs .
skrúane. skrófte .
Plur . skruanme. skrofsim .
skruani. skrófsit.
skruanne. skrófsine.

The present of this mood, preceded by dóte,* (oè, Gérer,) expresses

the future active ; as,

Dóte skrúan, Gérer ypátw , I will or shall write, &c.

The same tense preceded by léte (as) is the imperative, and by te

(và) is the potential, the léte being omitted in the second persons
imperative; te, with this tense, is also used for the infinitive, and, as
in Romaic, is often substituted for the imperative, thus,

skrians or te skrians, γράφε, γράψε, να γράψης, τυrite thou .

léte skrúan, as ypátri, let him write.
te skrúanme, và ypátwuey, that we may write, let us write.
dúa te skruan, ĐA và Yao, I wish to write.

The indefinite of this mood (sometimes aſter makár, yaxup ) is the

optative, and after de (åv) is the conditional form of speaking, as,

* The Albanians always add te to do, to form this tense , whereas và is not always added to 9
in Romaic .
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makár skrófsa, would that I could write.

de skrófsim , if we should write.
dáste Perendia, I wish that God would .

The compound preterite, eiya ypálin, I had written , is expressed by

the past tense of kám , I have, and the participle skrúar or skrúare, as,

kíste skrúar, eixe ypáln, he had written.

Passive Voice.

Indicative,

Present.
Imperfect.
Sing. (ypádouan) &c. skrúkhem . Sing. (éypad quouv) skrúkhesa .
skrukhis . skrúkhese .
skrúkhete. skrukhe.
Plur. skrúkhemi Plur. skrúkhisim.
skrukhi . skrúkhisit.
skrúkhene skrúkhisne.

Past .

Sing. sygédlnxa, uskrúase.

uskróve.
uskrúa .
Plur. uskruam .

uskruate .
uskrúane.

Imperative.

Sing. Plur.
skruaia. skrúkhi.
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Conjunctive.

Sing uskrófsa .
uskrófs.
uskröfte.
Plur . uskrófsim .
uskrófsite.

uskrófsine.

Participle. skrúare.

The future passive is formed by the present indicative, preceded

by dóte, as,

dóte skrúkhem , bérei ypa @ , I shall, or will be written, &c.

The same tense, preceded by léte, expresses the imperative, as

léte skrúkhene, as ypaploīv, be they written, let them be written.

The potential and infinitive are formed by the same tense, pre
ceded by te, as,

te skrúkhem , và ypaqlã , that I may be written .

dúa te skrúkhem , Oéaw và ypadow, I wish to be written .

The optative is expressed by uskrófsa, preceded by makár, and

the conditional by the same tense, preceded by de, as
makár uskrófsa, paxápı và šypá @ guour, would that I were written .
duskrófsa, do ypa @ bā , if I be written, if I should be written
2 N
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The same tenses are used both in active and passive after site, ám' os,
since-kúrte, őtav và, when — as after te, and its other compounds,
dóte, léte, as

kúrte skrúans, when thou shalt write .

síte skrúkhet, since he is written, or hath been written .

The participle, in its simple form , has an adverbial signification ;

preceded by i it forms an adjective in the singular masculine ; preceded
by te, it becomes a noun substantive — thus dásure, the participle of
dua, bénw, ázatõ, I will, I love, signifies lovingly - idásure, beloved
tedásure, desire , love.

Preceded by túke, it forms the participle active — as túke skrúare,

ypáportas, writing.

Its use in the formation of the compound preterite has already been
shown .

Compound verbs in Albanian are — 1. Those formed by pre

fixing to a simple verb tz or s, which , like ţe in Romaic, and un
in English, reverse its signification .* - thus ves, švõúvw, I put on
tzves, goúvoo, I strip-kam, éxw, I have — skam , I have not.

2. Compounds, formed by prepositions, as from khap, avoiy , I

open, is formed perkháp, cxoptri&w , I scatter.

* Sometimes, however, tz, or s before an adverb, forms a verb without any force of negation ;
as bute, tenderly ; tzbut or sbut, I make tender.
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ANOMALOUS VERBS.

The following are some of the Albanian verbs most remarkable

for the anomaly of their conjugation

1. iam , elpas, I am.

Indicative Present, iam, ie, éste, iémi, ini, iane.

Past, ísna, ísne, iste, ísim, iste, ísnene.
Conjunctive Present, iém , iés, iéte, iémi, ini, iéne.
Indefinite , kiófsa , kiófs, kiófte , kiófsim , kiófsit, kiófsine.

2. ve , βάνω or βάζω , Iput.

Ind. Pres . ve, ve , ve, véme, vírni, véne.
Imperf. vírna, vírne, vínte, vírim , vírite, vírnene.
Past, vúra, vúre, vúri, vum , vúte, vúne.
Imperative, > vére, > vírni,
Conj. Pres. ve, ves, vére, véme, vírni, véne.
Indef. véntza, ventz, vénte, véntzim, véntzi, véntzine,
véne.
Participle,

3. ap, divw or siôw , I gide.

Ind. Pres. ap, ep, ep, ápeme, ipni, ápene.
Imperf . ipna, &c, as in ve.
Past, dháse, dhe, dha, dham , dháte, dhane.
Imperative, ip, ípni,
Conj. Pres. ap, aps or apes, ape, &c . as in the indicative.
Indef . dhéntza, &c. as in ve.
Participle, dhéne.
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4. véte, anyaivw , I go.

Ind . Pres. véte, véte, véte, vémi, vighini, véne.

Imperf. véia, véie, víghite, víghim , víghite, vighine.
Past , vághita, vághite, váte, vátem , vate, vátne.
Imperative, étze, étzeni.

Conj . Pres. véte, vetz, véie, &c .

Indef. váfsa, vafs, váfte, váfsim, vafsi, vafsine.
Participle, váte or váture.

5. thom , aéyw, I say.

Ind. Pres . thom , thúa, thóte, thémi, thóghini, thóne.

Imperf . thósna, &c.
Past, tháse, &c . as in ap .
Imperative, > thua, thóghini,
Conj. Pres. thom , thoms, &c.
Indef . théntza, & c .
Participle, théne.

6. kheth, píxvw , I throw .

Ind . Pres . kheth, kheth , kheth, khédheme, khídhni, khédhene.
Imperf. khidhna, &c .
Past, khódha, lódhe, khóali, khóalem, khóthe, khódhne.
Imperative, -, khith, khidhni,
Conj. Pres. kheth , kheths, &c .
Indef. khéthtza, &c .
Participle, khedhure .

7. dal , sigaivw , I go out.

Ind . Pres . dal, del, &c. as in ap.

Imperf. N
dílna, & c .
Past, dólla, dólle, dólli, dúalme, dúalte, dualne.
 285

Imperative, dil, dílni,

Conj. Pres. dal, dals, &c.
Indef. dáltza, &c .
Participle, duale.

8. vin, čexqual, I come.

Ind . Pres . vin, vién, vién, vínme, víni, vínne.
Imperf. vína, &c.
Past, érdha, &c . as in kheth .
Imperative, éia, éni,
Conj. Pres. vin , víns, &c .
Indef . ártza, &c.
Participle, ardhure.

9. bíe, néotw, I fall.

Ind . Pres . bie, &c. as in ve.
Imperf.- bírna, &c.
Past,- ráse, &c. as in ap .
Imperative, bíere, bírni,
Conj. Pres. bie, bies, & c.
Indef . réntza, & c .
Participle, ráre.

10. pi, rivo , I drink.

Ind . Pres. pi, &c . as in véte .

Imperf. pína, & c.
Past, piva, pive, píu, pim , píte, pine.
Imperative, pi, píghini,
Conj . Pres . pi, pis, & c .
Indef . pifsa, & c.
Participle, píre.
 286

From the foregoing examples it will be seen, that the indic. pres.
and indic. past, are the roots from which the other tenses are formed .
In regular verbs in n , the past is formed directly from the present, in
the manner already exemplified in skrúan .

In regular verbs, terminating in any other consonant, the past is a

added , as khap, I open , p . khapa and the participle is formed by
converting that a into ure, as khápure, openly. But when the
consonant is a liquid , the past is usually formed as in the verb dal, and
the participle from the indic. pres. by adding e, as Siel, I bear, past
sólla, particip. síele.

The inflexions of the past in verbs in in, are like those of the past
tense of pi, and those in en are formed in the same manner, as
rembén, ápráśw , I seize by force ; past, rembéva, rembéve, remben,
rembíem , rembíete, rembíene.

CONJUNCTIONS, &c .

όπου , that, ke.

åung but, po .

xai, and, edhé, e.

όμως, but, only, ama.

επειδή, since , madam.

5, or , iá, a .
διατί ; why ? pse ?

διότι , because , se.

ακόμι, yet, not yet, edhé.

 287

μ ' όλον τούτο, withal, notwithstandiog, dónese.

τουλάχιστον , at least, pákse, páku .
λοιπόν , for the rest, in short, finally, ben iftizá.
δια τούτο , therefore, on this account, prandákhi.
όπου , where , do, kudó .
αν, σαν, ανίσως και if , in case, de , du, da .
καθώς, ωσκαθώς , as, in like manner as, sinderku, posí .
όταν , when , si .
έως να , until , gérte.
ούδε , ούτε, nor, not even , as .

όπου να , where , tékte.

ότι, for that, in order that, because, se .

έτζι , so, thus, kestú , astú .
πως και how ? si .

που ; where ? ku ?

τη λογής και
tzfáre.
τι λογιώνκαι } of what kind ?
ναι, ναίσκε, yes, aí .

όχι, όχεσκε, no, ió, núke.

μή, not, mos .

άμποτες, would that, makar, kes.

άμην , be it so , amín , ástú kiofte
ίδου, lo ! behold ! 1ά .

ώ, oh ! ua, ο.
βάμαι, indeed ! bobo .

αχ , αλοίμονον , alas ! vai, popó, uákh.

PREPOSITIONS .

εις, to, in, de, di, be, bi, ba, te.

από, of , pe , pre, per.
από, from, gákha.
δια , for, by, through, pre, per .

με, with, me, me.

 288

μετα,. after , pas .

έως , unto , as far as, gérbe, gérte.
χωρίς, δίχος, without, pa .

μέσα, υποκάτω , within, under , déne.

κοντά εις, near to , & fer , dai.
μεταξύ , between , der.

ανάμεσα, amongst, der .

τριγύρω είς, around, reth .

 VOCABULARY.

The only printed Albanian vocabularies I have yet seen are,

1. A Table of Albanian words, written in the Greek character, and

contained in a spelling -book and vocabulary of Latin, Wallachian ,
and Albanian, designed for the use of the Greeks, composed by
Theodore Kavalióti, of Moskhópoli, and printed at Venice in 1770.
This vocabulary, which is short, and imperfectly expresses the Alba
nian sounds, is inserted in a German treatise, called Researches upon
the History of the Eastern Nations of Europe, by Professor
Thunmann , of Halle.

2. A Lexicon Tetráglosson, containing exercises in Vlakhic, Bulga

rian , and Albanian , for the use of the Greeks, and of which more will
be seen in the ensuing chapter.

In addition to these books, I have also heard of a Latin and

Albanian dictionary, by Francesco Biandi, and an Albanian trans
lation of the Bellarmine catechism , by Pietro Budi da Pietra-Bianca,
both printed at the Propagandà press ; the former in 1635, and the
latter in 1664, but I never saw either of them .
2 O

1
 290

The following vocabulary will be found to contain most of the

words in common use in Albanian. It was compiled at various times,
and in different parts of the country. Some assistance was derived
from the two first books just mentioned, and the whole was corrected
and enriched by my Albanian Didaskalos Eustratius.

The first three letters are more extended than the rest, for the sake
of showing the mode of forming derivatives in Albanian , the etymon
of which, it will be observed , is most frequently an adverb, as from
lir, cheaply, is formed ilire, cheap ; lirón, ' I cheapen : but it is some
times a verb, as dikh, I assist ; díkhmes, assistant ; díkhme, assistance :
Sometimes a substantive, as zot, master ; zoterí, mastership ; zoteron,
I rule : and sometimes an adjective, as imárre, foolish ; marrón, I am
foolish, astound ; marrerí, madness, folly i; marreríst, foolishly.

Other substantives are formed from substantives and adjectives by

adding iste or íre ; and the Turkish termination of lek, to indicate
quality or capacity, is also very commonly adopted in Albanian.

The general rule for the genders of nouns substantive is, that those
ending in a consonant are masculine, and those in a vowel feminine,
except - 1. Such as are formed in the manner just mentioned , and have
a termination in iste - 2 . Such as are formed from participles by pre
fixing te. Both of these are masculine. All such as do not follow
these rules have their genders marked in the vocabulary by m. orf.

As the nouns in general are given without the article, their form
 291

with the article, whenever remarkable, is annexed, preceded by a.; pl.

shows the plural ; and a. pl. the plural with the article.

To all anomalous verbs, the past tense is annexed , preceded by p.;

and, where necessary, the participle also, preceded by part.

The capitals marked at the end of some of the words are the initials
of the language, in which the corresponding word has the same, or
nearly the same sound. H. Hellenic, L. Latin, 1. L. low Latin, F.
French , It. Italian, S. Saxon , G. Gothic, T. Turkish , Sc. Sclavonian ,
R. Romaic. A large proportion of the Turkish words are either of
Arabic or Persian origin, but as they are all adopted into the Albanian
immediately from the Turkish, that designation has been thought
sufficient. Whenever the word has been derived immediately from a
modern language, but originally from the ancient, the initials of both
are given. When the Albanian word, by its resemblance to the
Romaic, has evidently been taken from that dialect, it was unnecessary
to notice it at all.

It is probable that persons extensively acquainted with the modern

languages of Europe will discover many more instances of resemblance
between them and the Albanian dialect than are here marked, espe
cially among the dialects of Sclavonian . The Bulgarian vocabulary,
given in the next chapter, may furnish the reader with one example for
making the comparison .

The similarity of idiom between Romaic and Albanian made it

convenient to construct the vocabulary upon the former language ;
and the English explanation forms the middle column. The
 292

Greek words are generally written in their most vulgar forms, that they
may be upon the same level of politeness with the Albanian . From
the uncertainty of Romaic orthography, it has sometimes been
necessary to insert the different modes of writing the Greek word , and
as it was a principal object of the vocabulary to show the roots and
the deduction of their derivatives from them , words derived from the
same root are often put together, without always attending to alpha
betical order. In some instances the Romaic word will be found left
without any corresponding Albanian term , which has been owing partly
to the author's negligence, and sometimes to the word having no
corresponding synonym in Albanian. They may be supplied either from
Romaic or Turkish, but those of a higher order of ideas would be best
borrowed from the latter tongue ; an inclination to adopt the Turkish
religion, manners, and expressions of speech, having naturally obtained
in Albania, since it was reduced into the form of a Turkish
province.
ROMAICO -ARVANETIC VOCABULARY,,
WITH AN ENGLISH EXPLANATION .

Α.

αγάλια , gently, softly, gandále.

αγαπώ , I love, dia, seves, T.

love , tedásure, dasuri.
αγάπη,
lover, idásure.
αγαπητός ,
dásure.
αγαπημένα, lovingly,
άγγελος, angel, éngel.
αγγελικός , angelic, si éngelet.
αγγελικά , in an angelic manner , engelíst.
vessel, vase, éne.
αγγείον ,
αγγίστρι, hook, grép.
άγγιστρώνω, 1 hool, ze me grép.
αγελάδα , COW, liópe.
άγιος, saint, sent,-pl. sentóre.
I sanctify, senterón .
αγιάζω ,
sanctified , isenteruare.
αγιασμένος,
benediction, aiásme.
αγιασμός ,
sanctity, senterí.
αγιωσύνη,
αγκάθι , thorn, geb, -- pl. geba.
αγκαθώνω, I make thorny, gebón.
άγκαθόπουλος, a little thorn , geb ivóngel.
embrace , pustím,
αγκάλη,
upper part of the arm , giri m.
αγκαλιάζω , I embrace, pustón de ngi.
cucumber , krastavétz.
αγκούρι,
elbow, berul .
αγκώνας ,
άγνάντια , opposite, over -against, kundrékhi.
 294

αγναντεύω , I view from over against, restón kundrékhi.

αγορά, market, temblém, pakháTm.
αγοράζω, I buy, ble - pl. bléva.
αγοραστής, buyer, aí ke ble .
αγοραστός, bought, purchaseable, iblére .

αγουρίδα, verjuice, made ofunripe } anguridhe.

Ε.
grapes,
άγριος, wild , savage, iéngre.
αγρίμι, . game, wild animals, giá m.
άγριώνω, I make, become savage, engersón.
αγριωμένος , made, become savage, iengresúare.
άγρια, wildly , engersist.
αγριότης, wildness , engersilék.
hire of carriers,
carrying-trade,
αγώγι, kirá T.
beasts of burthen hired
for travelling ,
carrier,
αγωγιάτης, conductor of hired kiratzí.
beasts of burthen ,
αγωγιάτικος, belonging to carrier, &c. kiradziunge.
αγώνας , contest, telzalestísure m.
αγωνίζομαι, I contend, do myutmost, tzalestís .
άδεια , leave, permission , leisure, ge, géie.
αδειάζω , I have leisure, kam ge .
bos T.
άδειος , empty,
ingésim , itzbrázet.
αδελφός , brother , velá .

ανδράδελφος, η , husband's brother, sister, ( kunát L.

γυναικάδελφος, η, wife's brother, sister, Xr. kunate,
αδελφότης , fraternity, velazerí.
αδράκτι, spindle, bost.

αέρας, air, ére H. L.

αερίζω , 1 air , I give air to , eresón .
 295

αετός , eagle , skipóni, fekua.

αηδόνι, nightingale, bilbil T.
αηδονίζω, I sing like a nightingale, ben si bilbil .
αίμα, blood, giák .
αιματώνω , I bleed , giaketón.
αιμοβόρος, blood -devouring, giakatár.
αιτία , cause , motive , sebép T.
αιώνας, age, century , ghiéte.
ακέραιος, entire, itére L.
ακολουθός , following , diékte.

ακολουθώ , I follow , diék ---- pl. dókua.

ακολουθώς , consequently, pas ketákh .

ακόμι, yet, not yet, edhé .

ακουμπίζομαι , I depend upon , mstéterm.

ακούμπιομα , dependence, temstéture.

ακούω , I hear, dengión.
ακοή , hearing , vése.
ακουστός , renowned, idengiúare.
άκρα , άκρον, summit, extremity, áne.

άκρος , extreme, súme,

ακριβός, dear, istrente.

ακρίβεια , dearth , testrénte.

ακριβά , dearly, strent .

ακρίδα, locust, karkalétz .

fréze ..
ακτίνα , ray , sengéte.
skelkím .

ακτινοβολώ, I cast rays, skelkén .

αλάς , salt , krípe.
άλατίζω , I salt, krip, kripesón.
άλατερον , salt-seller, enekripes f.
αλική , salt- work, ventikripes m .
'Αλβανητία, Albania, Skiperi.
 296

'Αλβανήτης ,
'Αρβανήτης, { Albanian,, Skipetár.

αλάθω , I grind, bliúan .

αλείφω , I anoint , lien -- pl. léva.
άλειμμα , unction, ointment, teliuem .
αλεπού, fox, dhelpere.
άλεπόγουνα, pelisse of foxes, fur, gezóf - dhélpere.
αλεποτόμαρον , fox-skin, lekúre ~ dhélperes.
αλεποφωλεά, fox-hole , fole - edhelpcres.
αλέτρι, plough, parménte.
αλεύρι, flour, miel S.
αλευρώνω, I sprinkle with four, lien me miel.
άλευράς , mealman, kus set miel .
αλήθεια , truth , evertéte L.
αληθινός, true, ivertéte.
αληθεύω , I tell truth , verify , Aias vertét.
αληθινά , truly , vertét.
αλησμονώ , I forget, kharón.
άλησμονησιά , forgetfulness , kharím .
αλλάζω, I change , derón .
αλλαξιά , change , deis .
αλλήθορος , squint -eyed, ivénkere .
άλλος , another , tiéter.
άλλοιώτικος , idrism,
of another kind,
idrusmúarm .
αλλοιώτικα, in another manner , drise .
αλλού , elsewhere , gétek.
άλογον , horse , kále - pl. kuaj.
αλογία, bestiality , stupidity , khaivanlék T.
αλουστος , unwashed, withoutbathing,ipaliare .
αλουσία, not bathing, filthiness, temosliáret..
αλώνι , terrace for threshing corn, léme.
αλωνίζω, I thresh corn , sin .
αμάξι, car, carriage, kérre 1. L.
 297

αμαξάρης, carriage-driver, kerretziii .

αμαξάλογον , carriage-horse, kalikérres.
αμαρτία , sin , crime , ginákh , fákhi.
αμαρτάνω, ginákh kéren .
I sin ,
αμαρτώνω , feghén.
αμαρτωλός , sinner , ginakhkiár.
αμασχάλη , inside of the arm, arm - pit, siétule.
άμμος , sand, siúr, rére.
άμμούδα, sandiness, sandy place, suríste.
αμόνι, ακμόνι, anvil, kudhere.
αμπάρι, granary , ambáre.

αμπέλι, vine, vineyard , vréste.

αμπόλι , graft,
αμύγδαλον , almond , baiáme .
ανάγκη, necessity , nevoie, zúre.
ανάποδα, upside-down, perbús.
ανατέλλει ο ήλιος, the sun rises, del dieli.
ανάφτω, I light, set fire to, dez .

άνδρας , man, husband , bure.

ανδρείος, courageous, trim .

άνδρειεύομαι, I take courage, búrem .

ανεβάζω, I raise , gre - p . gríkhita .

ανεβαίνω , I ascend , khipen-p . khipo.
άνεμος, wind, ére H.

ανεψιός, nephew, nip L.

άνεψία , niece, bése.
ανήφορος, ascent, perpiéte.
άνθρωπος , man (human being ), nerí.

ανθρωπία , humanity , nerezilék .

αντάμα, together , baske.

άντερον, έντερον, entrail , zóre.
άντεροκόψιμον , pain in the bowels, teprére de córre.
άντζα, calf of the leg, púlpe L. It.

2 P
 298

ανοιξις , spring, perdevére.

khap, khapen,
ανοίγω, 1 open ,
p . khapa S.
ανοιχτά, openly , khapet.
αντίκρυ, over against, kundrékhi .
ανώφλι, lintel of a door, &c. prak .
αξίγγι , suet, tallow , dhiáme m .
άξιος, worthy , izóti, kantér.
αξιώνω, I make worthy , ben kantér.
απαλός , tender , delicate , ibute .
απαλά, delicately, bute.
I make, become, deli
απαλύνω,
cate, gentle , } tzbut, sbut.

απαλωσύνη, tenderness, gentleness, tebútet,, ,

απάνω, επάνω, above, liárt , siper.
απεικάζω , I perceive, comprehend, apikás.
απέχει , on that side, andekh .
απετάω, I Ay , futerón .
απίδι, pear , dárdhe.
απλός, simple, santé, ipatekék.
αποθαίνω, I die, vden, vdes.
απόψε , this evening, to-night, sónde.
αράδα , rank , row, turn , rádhe.
αραποσίτι , maize, mísere .
αραδιαστα, in ranks, in turn , radhe radhe.
αργαλιόν , instrument, utensil, khala .
εργαλoιόν, loom , avlimén .
αργός, slow , slothful, ipapune, imenúare.
αργά , late, tardily, menua .
αργία, inactivity , ekrémte, tepapunet.
αργώ, αργοπορώ, 1 delay, rest .

αρέσω, I please , pelkén.

αρεστός , pleasant, pleased , ipelkiere .
αριθμός , number , númur L.
 299

αρκετός, sufficient , itamámte.

αρκετά, sufficiently, enough , tamám T. - meaft.

αρκούδα, bear , arí m .
άρμα, Weapon , árme.

άρματα, arms, ármete.

αρματώνω, I arm, I take arms, armatós.
αρματωλός, militia-man , bektzí T.

αρμυρός, saline, ikrípure.

αρμυράδα, saline substance , kripesíre.
αρνούμαι, I deny, refuse, ben khása .

άρνησις, denial , tébere khása .

ckenk -a, kéngi
apvi, lamb, . stiéra -a. pl.stié
rpl
.
ate .
αρνοπόκια, lamb's skin , les tekéntere.
αρπάζω, I take by force, remben .
αρπαγή, rapine, robbery , rembím , terembúer,
άρπαγας, depredator, robber, reinbés .
pledge,, blim .
αρραβώνας,
betrothing , tebluare .
I betroth , give the nup
αρραβωνίζω,
tial ring , } blión .

άρρωστος , sick, semure.

αρσενικός, masculine , male, máskul L.

αρσενοθήλυκος, hermaphrodite, maskulfémere.

αρσενοκοίτης, sodomite, zambará,

αρχή, beginning , tenísure.

αρχίζω, I begin , nis :

αρχιερεύς, archbishop, dhespot R.

I perform the functions
αρχιερατεύω,
of archbishop, } békhem dhespot.
αρχιερωσύνη , archbishopric , dhespotlék.
άρχοντας, archon, magistrate, lord, buiár Sc.
αρχοντικόν , palace, stépi-buiári.
αρχοντόπουλος, young lord , - .
diále-buiári.
 300

αρχοντοπούλα , young lady, bíle-buiári.

ασβέστη , lime, mortar, kélkere.
ασήμι, silver, ergiént L.
ασημώνω, I silver, cover with silver, kalaís mergiént .
ασήμωμα , silvering , plating , tekalaísurit mergiént.
ασημικών , plate, ergientesíre.
ασημομάχαιρον , silver knife, thikergiénte.
ασημoπέρουνον, silver fork , pirua -irgiénte.
ασημοχούλιαρον, silver spoon , liunkiergiénte.
ασημόκουπα, silver cup, kupergiénte.
ασημόνερον, quicksilver, ghizapsúi T m.
άσκι , leathern bag , rsik - pl. rséke.
άσπρος , white , ibardhe.
I whiten,
become white , tzbardh,
ασπρίζω,
am white , Sp.. izbárdha.
άσπρον , asper, (Turkish coin)
άσπρα, money , } aspre m.
αστακος , lobster, stakó .
αστάχυ, ear of corn, kali m .
αστραγάλι , heel ,
αστράπτω, I lighten, vetetín .

αστράπτει , it lightens , vetetín,

skrepetín , p. skrópte.
αστραπή , lightening, thunderbolt, rufé, vetetíme.
αστρον , star, ill, ull - pl. úie.
άσχημος, ugly, isemtuare .
άτζαλος , dirty, indecent, idúre, murdár T.
αυγή , morning, day -break, mengés.
αυγατίζω , I increase , augment, tzton .

αυγερινός , the morning star, ullimengést.

αυγό, egs, ve - a . vet.
αυγότζεφλον , egg-shell, levesgevéie, guai.
αυθέντης , master , Zot.
 301

αυθεντεία, lordship, zoteri.

αυθεντεύω, I rule, domineer, zoterón .
αυλάκι, canal, furrow , vi, khendék.
αυλή, hall, court, avlí, ombór .
αυξάνω, 1 increase, augment, rit, rítem .
αύριον, to -morrow , néser.

αυρινός, belonging to to -morrow , inéserm .

αυτί , ear, ves .

αυτού , there, atié .

I leave, quit, le.

αφήνω,
permit, abandon, P. liáse.
αφρός, foam , skúmbe L. It.
αφρολόγος , wordy man, boaster, kepsé
αφρίζω, I foam , skumbezon .
ilík , ikék .
αχαμνός, lean , bad , wicked ,
a. ilinku, ikéki .
αχαμναίνω, I become lean, &c. ligem.
αχαμνά , badly, poorly, likste .
αχούρι, stable, váthe.

άχυρον, straw , reed , kaste.

αχυρώνα , place of keeping straw , kastore.

αψινθια , worm-wood, pelint T.
sharp, (in taste ) ivráze.
avis,
(in disposition ), sert .

αψυχώ , I commiserate, kursen .

The numerous words beginning with a privative in Romaic

are omitted, as they may be formed for the occasion , in either
language ; in Romaic by prefixing a, and in Albanian by pre
ãROUTTOS,, arousia, the corresponding
fixing pa, or mos.. See at άλουστος
Albanian words derived from lián, now, which exemplify the
mode of forming this class of words.
 302

βαγένι, barrel, cask, bóze.

βάζω, βάνω, I put, ve - p. vúra .

βάθος, depth , tethélle.

βαθύς, deep, ithélle.

βαθύνω, I deepen , thelon .

βαθυά, deeply, thélle.

βάθρακας, frog , bretkóse, dzámbe.

βαλάνι , βαλανίδι, acorn,
βάλσαμον, balsam , báltzo .
βαλσαμώνω, I embalm, lién me baltzo .

βαμβάκι, cotton ,
μπαμπάκι, } pambuk .

βαπτίζω, I baptize, pangezón.

βάπτισμα, baptism , pangezím .
βαπτισμένος , baptized , ipangezuare.
βάρβαρος , barbarous , kharbut , khovardha.
βαρβαρίζω , I make barbarous , ben si kharbut .

βαρβαρικά , barbarously, kharbutze.

βάρκα, boat, liundre .

βάρος, weight , terénde.

βαρύς, heavy , irénde.

βαρυα, heavily, rénde.

I make heavy, weigh, rendesón ,

βαρύνω,
Lam tiresome, chide, mpson .
βαρετός, ill-tempered, tiresome, ipsuasim .
βαρώ, 1 beat, strike, rrakh.
βάσανον, torment, trouble, mundím khal, dérte .
βασανίζω, I torment , mundón .
βασανιστήριον, torture, khalá temundímis.
βασιλεύς, king , bret.

βασίλειον, kingdom, araghimbrét.

βασιλεία, reign, royalty, breterí.
 303

}
βασιλεύω, I rule,have kingly power, iám brét.
βασιλεύει ο ήλιος, the sun sets , perendón dieli .
βασιλικά, in aa kingly manner , si bret .
βαστάζω, βαστώ, I hold, support, last, ban ,

βαστάζος, porter, khamál T.

βάρω, I die, color , gíen.
βαφή, dye, tint, bóie . T.

βαφιάς, dyer, boiatzí .

βέβαιος , sure, certain , stable, isákte.

βέβαια, surely, sak .

βεβαιώνω, I assure, confirm , saklandís.

βελόνι, needle , gelpere.

I thread the needle, ve peni be gelpere.
βελονιάζω, SI
I sew, ze me gelpere.
βέργα, rod, wand, purtéke L.
βεργια, blow with a rod, wand, teréne me purték
cough, kólle.
βήχας,
I cough, kóllem .
βήχω,
βήξιμον, coughing , tekúalture .

Γviolence, pakkiri .
βία , dzíti .
haste,
βιάζομαι , 1 am hurried, spekhitón, dziton .
βιος, property , ge.
βιωτικός , worldly , igésim .
βλάπτω, I offend, hurt, demón , zararón .
βλαβερός , hurtful, demetár.

βλάβη , hurt, dem , zarár T.

βλάσφημος , blasphermer , némes.

βλέπω, I see , sokh-p . páse.

skikae m. α . kau
,,
βόδι, βόδι , OX ,
la.pl. kéte.
βοϊδινόν , beef , prekáu.
βοϊδόπετζο , ox -hide, lekurekáut.
βοηθώ, I assist , dikh .
 304

βοηθός, assistant, díkhmes .

βοήθεια, assistance , díkhme.

βόλα,
stime, turn, khére.
( μία βόλα, once,) {
βόλι , shot, cannon ball, top T.
βοσκός, shepherd, tzobán T.

βόσκω , I graze, kulós .

βοσκή, pasture , kulóte .

βοτάνι, herb, used in medicine, bar -priliátz.

βοτανίζω, I gather herbs, tkhar .
βουβάλι , buffalo, bualitze.

βουβός , mute, nemétz,

sink, drown, fall in,
βουλιάζω,
fall to ruin ,
βούλλα , seal , mukhúr.

βουλλώνω, I seal, smukhlendís,

ve mukhúr.
βουνί, mountain, mal .

βούρκα, mud, dirt, balte .

βουτζί , cask , bóze, but F. f.

βουτώ, βουτίζω , I plunge, 8oak, fundós.
βουτιά , βούτημα , immersion , tefundosure.

βούτυρον, butter, giálpe.

βράδυ, evening, bréme, tzaére.
βραδυάζω , I am late, grísem .
βραδυάζει, it is evening , late , gríset.
βράζω , I boil, zien H.
βραστόν, boiled meat , teziere.
βρακί, breeches , drawers, bréke L. It.
βραχιόνας, arm , lére.

Γkharkhale R.
βραχιόλι , bracelet,
belendzíke T.
βραχνός, hoarse, igirture .
βραχνιάζω, I am hoarse, girem .
 305

βράγχος, hoarseness, tegírture.

βράχος, rock, precipice, skeb , bokerí.
liak.-p. liánka,
βρέχω, I sprinkle , moisten ,
liángesón .
it rains, bíe si.
βρέχει,
βροχή , rain, si m.-pl. síera.
rainy, mesí.
βροχερός,
stink, stench , kalbesire.
βρόμα,
I stink, kalbem .
βρομώ,
gemím m.
βροντή , thunder ,
bumbelím f .

βροντώ, I thunder, gemón .

noose, liák L.
βρόχι,
thékere.
βρύζα , rye,
-kria mm.. pl. kron
βρύσις , source of water, a . króhi a. pl.
krokhite .

βρώμι , oats,
βυζί, breast of a woman , sise.

βυζαίνω, I suck , (as infants ) thethin , pi sise

βώλακας, βώλος, clod of earth , plis m.

γάδαρος, γαϊδαρος , ass, gomar T.

γαϊδουρινά, like an ass , gomaríst .

γαϊδάρα, she-ass, gomáre .

γαϊδαρόπουλος, young ass, pulist gomari .
kiúmest .
γάλα, milk ,
γαλάζιος, blue, maví T.

cheesecake , kiumestuar .
γαλατόπιτα,
γαλακτερόν, food made of milk, prekiúmesti.
2 Q
 306

γάμος, marriage, dársme.

γαμβρός, son -in -law , bridegroom , dhéntere.

γαργαλίζω, I tickle, gundulís.
γάτα, she-cat , mátze.

γάτος, he- cat , madz.

γαυγίζω, I bark , (as a dog) lekh .

γδέρνω, I fay , riép.

γδύνω, 1 strip, take off cloaths, tzves, sves.
γείτονας, neighbour, fkíne, gitón, komsí.
γειτονεύω, I am neighbouring, fkinerón.
γελώ, I laugh , kes.

γέλοιον, laugh, laughter, gas .

γελοιώδης , laughable, pergás .
γεμίζω , I fill, plión, bus.
γεμάτος, full , pliót .
pliúar, iení m .
γενεά, generation, race,
sói T. m.
γένειον , beard , miékre f.
I begin to have a beard,
γενειάζω, ben miekre.
I let my beard grow,,
γενάτος, bearded , me miékre.
γεννώ , I bring forth , (as females ) píll - p. pólla .
γέννα, parturition, tepiélle m .
γέννημα, corn, grain, drithe.

γεράκι, falcon, hawk, gerakíne.

γέρνω , I incline, turn , períer -- p. peróra .
γυρτα, slopingly, períere.
γέροντας , old man , pliák .
γεράματα , old age,
plekerí.
γεράζω, Ι grow old, pliákem .
a man beginning to
γεροντάκι, pliákth .
grow old ,
γερός, healthy, sound, isendóse.
 307
γερα, strongly, healthily , sendóse .

γερωσύνη, healthiness, tesendósem.

I dine , kha dréke,
γεύομαι , taste , dhokhimas. R.
γεύμα, γιόμα , dinner, dréke .

γεφύρι, γιοφύρι, bridge, úre .

earth, dhe m .
γή,
γήινος, earthly , predhéu.
γιαγούρτι, Τ. iaourt,* kos .

γίδιον, goat , she-goat, dhi.

pbékhem, embénem.
γίνομαι, I become ,
p. ubétze.
γλείφω, I lick , lepín .
sweet, iémble.
γλυκός ,
emble .
γλυκά , sweetly,
γλυκαίνω, I sweeten, emblesón .
γλύκισμα, sweetmeat, conciliation, témble.
γλυστρω, skás .
γλυστρώνω, { I slip, slide,
γλύστρα , slippiness, skíte.
skítes.
γλυστερος, slippery,
γλυτώνω, I deliver, escape , spetón.
γλώσσα , tongue, giúkhe.
I spin , tiér.
γνέθω,
γνώμη, opinion, ment f.

I know ,
çnokh — imperative
γνωρίζω, nikh.

I chide, mpson.
γογγύζω, murmur , guldzón.
γόνα , knee, giá m .
γονατιστός,
on the knees, begióne.
γονατιστα ,
bíe begiune,
γονατίζω, I kneel ,
perguínem .

• A kind of sour curds, much used in Turkey.

 308

γουδί , mortar, ( for pounding) khaván T. m .

γουδοχέρι, pestle, stípesi-khavánit.
hog , derr.
γουρούνι,
γουρούνα , SOW, dóse.

γουρουνόπουλος, pig, kelius-déri..

stan -déras .
γουρουναριον , hog-stie, kuimés - déras.
γραία , old woman , pliake.
γράφω, I write , skruan .
γραφή, γράμμα, writing, letter, gramme, kárte.
γραμματικός, Scribe , iazedzí T.
γροθιά, blow with the fist, grust.
γροθιάζω, I give blows with the fist, bie grust.
γροικώ , I feel, understand, hear, kupetón.
γυαλί, glass , kelk .
γυάλινος, made of glass , ekelkte.
γυαλίζω, I polish , skelkén.
γυμνός, naked, itzvéset, liakurík .
γυμνώνω, I strip, make naked, tzves.

γυναίκα , woman, grua - pl. gra.

γυρεύω, I seek , kerkón .

γύρος, circle, circuit, kerthél L., kurore.

γύρα , around, in turning, rótule.
γυρίζω, I make a circuit, return, kthen.
γύφτος, gypsey, evgίt.
.

γύψος, gypsum , plaster, altzí T.

γωνία , angle , corner , kiose T.

pine-tree, torch made

dadi,
of pine- wood, } píse.
δαίμονας , dæmon , dial R.
I am possessed by a
δαιμονίζομαι, {' devil, enraged, mad, } me gét fliame.
 309

rifliamósure
δαιμονισμένος possessed,
Litzindósure.
δάκρυον, tear, liót.
ring for the finger, unáze .
δακτυλίδι,
δάκτυλος , finger, gist .
δαμάλι, steer, young bullock, dem .

δάμαλα , heifer , vítze L.

δαμάσκηνον, plum, kumbule .

δανείζω , I lend, khuan .

δανεικά , upon credit, khúa.

δανειστής , lender , aí ke khuan .

δάσκαλος , teacher , dhaskál .
δάφνη , bay tree, dafine.
afternoon's meal,
δειλινόν ,
afternoon ,
zémere
.
coward, kiotín.
δείλος,
δείπνος , supper, dárke.

I eat supper , derkun ,

δειπνώ,
I show , Γefen .
δείχνω ,
Γstap S.
δεκανίκι, staff, walking-stick, skop , pl. skopín .
δέλφινας, dolphin, delfin .

I bind, lith .
δένω ,
binding, ligature, telidhure .
δέμα,
dúa m .
δεμάτι, bundle,
lis,
δένδρον, Stree,, lis-drúsku .
vak -tree,
right, idiathte.
δεξιός ,
right-hand , ediathte .
δεξιά,
to, on, the right hand, be tediathte ..
δεξιά ,
skin , hide, lekure.
δερμάτι,
I strike, beat, Irakh - p. Γάλha .
δέρνω,
beating , terákhure .
δαρμός,
idúte.
δεύτερος, second ,
 310

δέχομαι, I receive, kiás .

δηλοποιώ , 1 notify, declare, kam nókhure.

δήμιος, executioner, tzeliát T.

διαβάζω, I read , kentón L.

διαβαίνω, I pass over, etzén -- p . étza.

διάβασμα, reading, lecture, tekentuare.

διαβασμένος, read , learned , ikentúare.

διαβαστα , in reading, tuke kentuar.

διάβολος, devil, dria, dial .

διαθήκη , will, testament , dhiáte, vasiét T.
διαλέγω, I choose, select, dzgeth .
διαλεκτα, by choice, dzgédhure .
διαμάντι, diamond , dhiamant.

διακονώ, I beg , 1ίpen.

διακονάρης, beggar, lípes.
διδάχνω, I teach, preach, dhidáx .
διδαχή , lesson , sermon ,
δίδω, I give , ap.-p. dhise ..
δίκαιος , just, idrékhte.
δικαιοσύνη, justice, tedrékhte.
δίκτυ, net, sak - pl . sake.
-

διπλός, double , idím zakhi.

δισάκκι, pair of bags, khekhibé .
δίσκος , quoit, dhisk .
δίψα, thirst, et f.
διψώ , I thirst , kam et .

διψασμένος, thirsty, ietsuare .

I mark the boundary,

διωρίζω , sitzílis.
distribute,
διώχνω, I drive out, away , perzé.
δοκάρι, beam , tra L.
δοκιμή , proof , trial, dhokimí.
δόλος , fraud , deceit, mardha .
δολερός , deceitful , mardhadzí.
 311

δόξα , glory, der f.

δοξάρι, τοξάρι, bow, khark L., uliumbér.
δουλεύω, I work , punon H.
δούλος, servant, khusmekiár T.
δούλη , δουλεύτρα , female servant , kopíle R.
δουλειά, business, work, púne H.
δρένιος, oaken, idrusku .

δρεπάνι, scythe, sickle, dráper.

δρόμος , road, udhe H.
δρόσος , dew, vése.

δροσίζω, I refresh , vesón .

δροσερός, cool , ivesetuarm iftókhet.
δύναμις, power , force , fuki .

δυνατός, powerful, strong , ifórte.

δυνατά , strongly, fort L.

δύσκολος, difficult , ipakoláitzim .

δυστυχώς, unfortunate , fatkék.
δωρον, gift, dhurite .

εβδομαδα , week , ghiáve.

εγγίζω, I interest, touch , offend .
έγγράφως, in writing , iskrúare .

έγχέλι, eel, giale.

έδαφος , ground, floor, pavement, trúal.
εδω, here, ketú .
23νος , nation, tribe, milét.
είδησις, notice, intelligence, nakel T.
εικόνα, image, church -picture, kóre.
ειρήνη, peace, pak L.
I make peace , ben pak .
ειρηνεύω,
I am at peace , kampak,iumtenλλά.
εκεί , there, atié.
 312

εκκλησία , church, kíse .

ελαία, olive, ul - pl. ulín.

αλάτι , fir -tree , vge .
ελάφι, deer , stag , dre m.-a. dréri.

ελαφρά, lightly, lé .

make light, become

ελαφρύνω,
light, } let .
letzón .

ελεύθερος, free, azát.

ελέφαντας, elephant , fil T.
ελεφάντινον , ivory , fildisí.
ελπίδα, hope , sperése L. It.
ελπίζω , I hope , sperén.
εμβάζω, I introduce, insert.
εμβαίνω, Khun , run
έμπαίνω , {I enter , pl. khúra, rúra.
εμμέσως , mediately, by mediation .
εμπερδαίνω,
εμπερδεύω, { I imbroil, perplex ,
, gaterón .

εμπέρδεμα , perplexity, gaterí.

έμπροστά , όμπρος, before , perpara.
ένζυμος , fermented , igatuare.
ενθυμούμαι , I remenmber , kuindón .
έξαφνα , suddenly, daxafist.
έξοδον , expense .
εξορίζω , 1 banish , surgiunís T.
έξω, έξω, without, outside , iáste.
εντροπή , shame , dishonor , turp L,
εντροπιάζω, I shame, turperon .
εορτή, feast, holiday, ekrémte .
επαινώ, I praise, lavdurón L.
επάνω , above, liárt, síper .
επανωφόρι , upper garment.
επιστήμη , science, khilm T.
επιτήδειος , diligent, able, clever, idórsim .
 313

επιτηδεύομαι, I am ready, dexterous, me vién dóre.

εργαστήρι , shop.
έργον, work , púne H.
ερεβινθι , ροβίθι chick -pea, kikere L.

ερεύγομαι, ructo , grómesin.

έρημος , desolate, deserted, iskréte.
έρημον, ερημία, desert, skretetire.

έρημάζω, I ravage , skreton .

έρχομαι, I come , vin L.-p. érdha.

ερχομός, coming, arrival, tárdhure.

έρωτας , love, esk - sevda T. .

έρωτώ, I ask , inquire, pevés -- p. pevéta.

εσώπανου , lining
έσωφόρι, under garment, gielék T.
έτοιμος , ready, prepared , gati - khazér. T.
put out, take off, tzier - p.tzóra
ευγάζω drive out , part. tzére.
ευγαίνω, I go out, dal - p . dolla .
ευθύς , immediately , detzás.
εύκολος, easy, ikoláitzimskolái T.
εύμορφος , όμορφος , handsome , ibukur.
εύμορφία, beauty, bukuria .

ευρίσκω , I find, gen -p. géta.

finding, something found , tegéture,
εύρεμα , treasure found by accident, khásne T.
εφέτος , this year , simviét.
εφετινός , of, belonging to, this year, isimviénme.
yesterday , die.
εχθές,
έχθεσινός, of yesterday, idienme.
εχθρος, όχθρός, enemy, khasm .

έχθρα, enmity, merí- khasmlék .

2 R
 314

εψες, yesterday evening, bréme.

έψεσινός, of yesterday evening, ibrémse.

ζαβός , foolish , imárre.

ζάλη , giddiness, eretzire.
ζαρώνω, I frown, wrinkle, zaperón .
ζάρωμα ,
ζαρωμάδα, frown, wrinkle, plait, zaperi.
ζαρωματια,
ζάχαρη, sugar , sekér T.
ζερβός, left , iménger.
ζερβα , ſ to the left, on the left
ζέρβια, hand side , } be teménger.
ζεματίζω, I scald , perzin.
ζέστα, heat, tegrókhet.
ζεσταίνω , I heat , make hot, grokh.
ζεστός , *

hot, igrókhet.
ζευγάρι , yoke of oxen, pair, couple.
ζευγίτης,
ζευγαλάτης, } ploughman,husban
, dman, buk.
ζηλεύω, I envy , zilís .
ζημία , injury, damage , Zarar T.
ζουγλος, maimed , deformed, itzale.
ζουμί , juice, soup , gravy , lenk .
ζουμερός , succulent, me lenk .
ζουρλός, mad , foolish , imarre.
ζύγι , measure for weighing, zik, kantár It.
,
ζυγιάζω , 1 weigh, balance, tartis - zigias.
ζυγαριά, scales, balance, S palántze L. It.
vezné T.
ζυμάρι, leven, paste, brume.
 315

ζυμώνω, I knead, make bread, gatuan.

ζω , I live, rron ,

ζωή, life, úmer - ghiéte.

ζώον , animal , beast , banketí.
ζωντανός, alive, lively, igialle.
ζωντανεύω, I bring to life, giál .
ζώνω, 1 bind, gird myself , ges.

ζωνάρι, girdle, bres F.

ζωύφι , animalcule, insect.

pabbot , superior of a
ηγούμενος ,
cortvent, }sumén.
ήλιος , sun , diel.

I am exposed to,
ηλιάζομαι,
dried by, the sun , } khem be diel..
gró
ημέρα , day, díte.

ήμερος, gentle, peaceable , ibute.

ημερεύω, ημερώνω, I tame , pacify , tzbut .

ήμισυ, μισόν, half, mest.

ημπορώ, I can, am able, mund .

ηξεύρω, I know , dip. díkhita .

θάλασσα , sea, det.

θαλασσινός , belonging to the sea , predéti-idétit .

θαλασσόνερον , sea water, úie predéti.
θαμπώνω, I dazzle, stupify, eretzón .
θάνατος, death, vdékeie, mort L.
θανατώνω , 1 put to death, evdés -- p.evdika.
 316

θάπτω , I bury, inter, ben dédhe ,

θάρρος , courage, confidence, sperése L.
θαρρεύω, ΙI encourage , kuturís.
θαρρώ, I trust,, dare say,, sperén.
θαύμα , wonder, miracle , tzudí .
θαυμάζω , I admire, wonder, tzudítem .
θειάφι, sulphur, tzkiúfur L.
θεία , aunt, khalle T.
θείος , uncle, unke L. F.
θέλημα , will, dasuri .
θεμέλιον, foundation, themeli .
Θεός , God, Percndí ,
θέρος , harvest , bekhar - tekórret.

θερίζω, I reap ,
kúar,
korr,
3p.‫ܕ‬kóra .
,

θέρμη , fever, ethe .

θηκάρι, φηκάρι, sheath , case , mil.
θήκη, box , case , keléf.
θηλιά, noose , liák L.
I button , berthén kópsat
θηλυκώνω,
I lace , berthén uxúzet.
θηλυκός, female , feminine. fémere L.
θησαυρος , treasure , khásne T.
θολός , turbid , muddy, itrubul I. L. F.
θόλος , vault , dome, gubé T.
θρέφω, I nourish , uskén.
θρεπτικός , θρεφτός, nutritive, iuskiuere.
θροφή , nourishment, food, tuskiter .
θρονί, chair, throne, fron .

θυγατέρα, daughter, bíle .

frankincense , burning
θυμίαμα , of incense in sa temián .
crifice,
θυμιατήρι, vase for burning incense , temianítze .
 317

θυμίζω, I call to mind, put in mind, kuindon .

θυμός , anger, zemerím ,
θυμώνω , I enrage, zemerón .
θυμώνομαι , I am angry , zemerónem .
θύρα, door , dére.
θυσία , sacrifice, kurbán T.

ιατρός , physician, teérkh, khekim T.

ιατρεύω, I cure, remedy, serón ,
ιατρικόν, medicine, remedy , iliádz T.
ίδρωτας , Sweat, diérse.
ιδρώνω, I sweat , dersin .
' ίσιος, even, equal, idréite.
ισιάζω , I make even, accomodate , derék.
ίσκιος , shade , shadow , khié .

ιστορία , history , ikakhét T.

ίσως , perhaps , belkim T.

καβαλάρης, horseman, kalióres.

καβαλκεύω, I mount on horseback, khípen kálit.

καβάλα , on horseback , kaliúar.
κάβουρας , crab, gértheie.
κάγκελον, grate, trellis, parmák .
καδί, pail, kante.
καζάνι, Τ. boiler, cauldron, kusí, bakrátze .
καζαντίζω, 1 gain, get riches , fitón .

καθαρός, clear, pure, ikerúare.

 318

καθαρίζω, I cleanse, purify, kerón.

κάθε, every , each , tzdo .

καθένας , καθείς , every one, each one, tzilindó , kusdo .

( every day , gandita, perdita
καθημερινά,
day by day, dit pre dit..
καθίζω , I seat, sit,
Şrri
p. dena .
κάθομαι, 1 sit, < . .
καθιστος, seated, idénure.

καθρέφτης, mirror, paskúre.

καινούριος, new , irí .

καινουργώνα, I renew , perserín.

καιρός, tinue , weather , season, kókhe.

I burn ,
diék - p. dóngia,
καίω, καύγω,
purt. diéngure.
κακός, bad, wicked , ikék .
κακία, wickedness, tekék.
καλάθι, basket, tzpórte I. L.
καλαμάρι , ink-stand, cuttle -fish , kalamar .
καλάμι , reed, kálem , kalém .
καλαμίτα, magnet.
καλαμπόκκι, maize, misere , T.
καλόγηρος , monk, kaloghiér .
καλοκαίρι, summer , ver L.
καλός, good, imíre.
καλοσύνη, goodness, temire .
καλούπι , mould, model, kalép.
καλπάκι , Τ. bonnet, kalpák .
καλύβη , hut, shed, koliúbe .
καλυγώνω, I shoe a horse, ve potkúa.
καλώ , I call, invite , fton, gersés, therés.
καμάρα , arch, gube T. kamare ,
καμηλαύκι, a monk's bonnet , kamilava m .
 319

καμήλι , Camel, devé T. gamíle.

κάμνω, I make , ben - p. béra .
καμπάνα , bell, kampáne .
κάμπια, caterpillar, vémi L.
κάμπος, plain , fúse.

καμπόσος, some , tza, pakes.

καμπούρης, hump - backed , ikrusure .
καμώνομαι, I feign, genén.
κανάβι , hemp, kerp.
κανάτα, can , pitcher, kenáte .
κανδήλι , lamp, candle , kandil .

no one, khitz T. ásne.

κανείς, κανένας,
some one, dóne.
κανίσκι , present, kanísk.
κανίστρι, basket, kanístre .
κανόνι , great gun, kanón, top T.
καντζόχοιρος ,
urík L.
σκαντζόχοιρος, } hedge-hog,
κάπηλας , Shuckster, bakál T.
low tavern -keeper,
καπίστρι, halter , kapistál.
καπνός , smoke, tum .

καπνίζω, I smoke, tumnós .

καπνιά , soot, bstíme .
some one , dóne - pl. díse.
κάποιος,
a certain person , tzane.

κάποτε, sometimes , dikur.

κάπου, somewhere , dóne vent .

κάππα, cloak,, surtout,, kápe.

καππάκι, lid , covering, bulím .
καπόνι, capon , kapia m.-a. kapon.
καράβι, ship, gemí T.
καραβίδα , craw -fish , karavidhe.
κάρβουνον, charcoal , thengil.
 320

heart, zemere.
καρδία,
fruit, crop, maxúl, pérne.
καρπός, harvest -time , kókhe.

καρπούζι, water -melon , karpús.

καρτερώ , I wait , await , pres - p . príta.
walnut, arre
καρύδι,
καρυά, walnut- tree, arre -lis.

καρφι, nail, pivot, peg. peróne, gósde.

καρφώνω, I nail , fasten , berthén .

κασέλα, Case , box , senduk T.

κασίδα, scurf, kére .

κασιδιάρης , scald-headed, kerós .

κάστανον, chesnut, gesténe.

castle , fortress,
κάστρον,
fortification, {kaliá, kiutét f.
καταπίνω , I swallow, perpí.
καταρούμαι, I curse, malekón .

κατατρώγω, 1 gnaw , corrode , bren ,

καταβαίνω, I descend, tubres .

καταχνιά , fog , miérgule.

κατζαρός, curled, kimenderudhur.
κατζίκι , kid, kétzere .

κατηφές Τ. velvet, kadife .

κατήφορος , slope, descent, tatepiéte.
κατόπι, afterwards, behind, pastákhi, prapa.
κάτουρον , urine, súrre.

κατουρώ, mejo, permier L.

κατράνι , tar, sére, píse.
κάτω , below, póste.
κατώγι, ground - floor, katia m.

κατώφλι, threshold , prak, pránku ,ipóster.

*

καυκί , cup, vase, kúpe.

madhestókhem ,
καυχώμαι, 1 boast,
burem ,
 321

καύχημα, boast, boasting, madhestí.

κάψα, heat, vápe.
κέδρος , cedar-tree, deline.
κείτομαι, I lie down , dérngem...
κελλί, cell, kilí ,

I prick , bondít kálne,

Χέντω , goad , excite, bondít káne,
embroider, kendís.

κεντρί , goad, sting, spur, bondélz f.

κεντρίζω, κεντρώνω, Ιinoculate , engraft.
κεραμίδι , tile, keramídhe.

κεράσι, cherry , kersí .

horn , bri m .
κέρατον,
cuckold, brimáth .
κερατάς,
κέρδος, gain , fitim , gelér .
κερδαίνω , I gain, fitón .

κερί, κηρί , dille R.

(αγιοκέρι ) } wax -candle ,

κερί , wax , keri m .

κερκέλι, κρικέλι, ring, réze, khalka .

I pour out, ( liquors Ostie, kheth,
κερνω, darovít.
to drink)
kríe m.-a. krékhi,
κεφάλι, head , pl. krére
a . pl. krerete.
1.

Stedhémburit
κεφαλόπονος , head -ache,
{ ekrákhit.

κέφαλος, mullet , kefel .

κέφι Τ . humour , temper .

κεφίλης Τ . guarantee.
κεχρί , millet, mel L.

κεχρινός, made of millet, imélte.

varr .
καβούρι, tomb, sepulchre,
2 s
 322

kópste.-
κήπος, garden,
gheradine It.
gardener , baktzevan T.
κηπουρός,
κιθάρα, guitar.
riya It . Peruvian bark .

κίνδυνος, danger, gazép T.

κινώ , I move , dzur .

κίνησις , motion, exercise , tedzurit.

1
κίσσα, magpie. H

I am yellow,
make yellow, Sverth .
κιτρινίζω,
become yellow,
κιτρινός , yellow, iverdhe.

κιτρινάδα , yellowness, jaundice, tevérdhe.

citron, kítre .
κίτρων,
κίχλα , thrush.

κλαδί , κλονάρι, bough, dénke, binke.

κλαδεύω, Ι prune, lop, krastít .

κλαδευτήρι , bill, pruning -hook, kíze .

κλαίω, I weep ,, kian .

κλάματα, tears, tekiára .

κλάνω, pedo, piérth H.

κλειδί, key, khápes, klitz .
κλειδονια , lock, klitz , kiútz ,
κλείω , I lock, shut fast, bil, bul.
κλέφτω, I steal , viéth .
κλέφτης , robber , kharamí T.
κλήμα , vine-branch, vine.
κλόνα , thread , fikhi.

κλονι , grain, kóke.

κλοτζιά , kick, skelm .
κλοτζω , I kick , skelmón .
κλουβί , cage, kuvli, kafas T.
 323

κλώθω, I spin , dreth .

κλώσσα, I brood, hatch , klotzít, grokh .

κόβω ,
κόβγω, > I cut, pres -- p. préva .
κόφτω,
κοφτερος, sharp .
κοιλία , belly , bark .

κοιλιάρης, great-bellied, barkmáth .

κοιμούμαι , I sleep, fle - p. fiéta .

κοινός, common , isembaskim .
κοινώνω, I communicate, kungón .
κοιτάζω, I look, sokh, vestrón .
κόκαλος , bone, estre .

κόκκινος, red, ikuk.

κοκκινίζω , I make red , blush , kuk .
Sliakhiketuar,
κόλακας , flatterer,
liakhikatu.
κολακεία , Hattery , liákhika.
κολλώ , κολνω, I adhere, attach, glue, git.
κόλλα, ; glue, tutkále.

κολοβός, lopped, cut short, sakát R.

κολοκύθι, gourd, pumpkin, kungul.

κόλπος, κόρφος, bosom, bay,, gi m.
κολυμβω , [ swim, bíe mnot It.
κολυμβητής, swimmer, mnotetár.
κομμάτι, piece, bit, piése 1. L. F.
κόμπος , knot , komb.

κουμπί, button, sumbule.

κονάκι , lodging, konák T.

κονδύλι , pen , kondíl, kalém .

κονεύω, I lodge, kondis .

κοντά , near, áfer, bráne.

κοντάρι, lance, mezdrá T.

κοντος , short, low, iskirter L.

 324

κοντεύω, I shorten, approach, skurton .

κοντολογής, briefly, in a word, be ne fiale.
κοπάδι , flock, herd, tufe - grik L.
κοπανίζω , I pound, bruise, rrekh, stip
κόπανος , pestle , kopán.
κοπέλα, girl, maid- servant, kopíle.
κοπέλι, lad , valet.
κόπος, labor, fatigue, zakhmet T.
zakhmetísem Η
κοπιάζω, I labor, take pains, mundokhem ,
liódhem .

κόπιασε,
κοπιάσετε , be pleased to come, go, urdherό.
(ορίσετε,)
κοπριά, dung , manure , blékhe.
κόρα, i crust , rind, tzípe.
κόρακας , crow, korb L.
κόρδα, χορδή, cord , string, kórdheze.
I string ,
κορδίζω, bend a bow ,
-kordhosem .
κορδώνω, wind up a watch, tune
a musical instrument,

κόρη , girl, tzupe,

pupil of the eye , kakerdhók .
κόριζα, bug, takhtabíte T.
κορμί, body, trup .
κορμάρα, corpulence, trupmathlek .
κορμός, trunk of a tree .
κορνιαχτός,
κονιαρκτός , } dust ,
pliúkhur.
κορυφή, summit, máie.
.
κορυφαίος , chief, leader, ipire.
κόσα, κοσάρα, scythe, préses.
 325

κόσκινον, sieve, sóse.

κόσμος , world , duna T.
laic , secular, kosmík,
κοσμικός,
worldly, idunáse.
κοστίζω It. I cost, sell for .
κοτζιπίδα ,
moth, worm , (tinea,) móleze.
κόπιτζας ,
κουβαλώ , I transport, carry , ban .

κουβάρι, bundle, lump, lemps E.

κουβέντα, conversation .
κουδούνι, small bell , kembore.

κουκι, bean, bathe .

κουκουβάγια , owl, kukumiázka .

κουκούλι, cod of the silk -worm , mpsíkeze medáfsit.

κουκουνάρι, cone of the pine-tree , festék .
κουκούτζι , kernel, seed of fruit, koke.
κουλούρι, roll of bread, kuliádz.

κούμαρον, arbutus, ( shrub)

Stoll, customs, básde, kumérk .
κουμέρκι, custom- house , , .
diéb .
κούνα , cradle, cott,
κουνούπι , gnat , muskóne, musítze.
κουνώ, I move to and fro, rock, tund, lekúnd.
κούπα, cup , • kipe .
κουπί, oar, liopáte gemís, kupí.
κουράζω, I fatigue, am tired, lióth - p. liódba.
I shear, shave, keth .
κουρεύω ,
κουρμάδι, χουρμάδι, date, ( fruit)
κουρούνα, rook, sórre.
I pillage, iakmalaudís T.
κουρσεύω,
κουρσάρος, pirate, corsair,. kusár.

κούρτη, court, attendants, suite, kurt.

lıunke.
κουτάλι , spoon ,
κουτζος, lame, crippled , limping, isképere, itzále.
 326

κούτζουρον , log, stump , stock , kertzú m .

κουφός, deaf, isurdere L.

κουφαμάρα , deafness , surdim .

κούφιος, empty , bos T - itzbrázet,

κοφίνι, basket, kofin .

κράζα , I call , call out, therés -p. thírra

κραυγή , cry, clamour , tethirre.

κραίνω, I speak , thom, fliás,

κραμπί , cabbage , liákre.

κρασί, wine, vére.

κρατώ , I hold, bear up, ban . Σ

κρέας, flesh , mis .

κρεββάτι, . bed, strat L.

κρεμνίζω, κρημνίζω , I throw down, destroy, gremis.

κρημνός, γκρεμός, precipice ,
κρεμμώ , κρεμνώ , I hang ,
κριάρι, ram, sheep,
"gremine.
var .

des .

κριθάρι , barley , elb.

κρίνω , I judge , gikón.
κρίτης, judge, gikátes.
κρίμα, sin, crime, fault, ginákh.
κρομύδι, onion , képe L
κροταλίζω,
I clap the hands.
κουρταλίζω,
κρούω, κρούγω, I beat, strike, Sbie,, trokelín,, gondít,,
perpiék - trakh.
κρύος, κρυάδα ,
κρυότης, ,
} cold, teftókhet.

κρυώνω, I am cold , make cold , grin .

κρύβω, κρύφτω, I hide, mpsekh.
κρυφόν, secret , mpsékhe.
κρυφομουρμουρίζω, I whisper, mutter, pistelón.
κρυστάλλι, crystal, glass, beliúr .
 327

κρύσταλλον, ákul .
ice,
κρούσταλλον ,
κτένι, χτένι, comb , krékher.
χτενίζω , I comb, krékh .
κτηκιό, χτικιό, consumption , (tabes, ) okhtík .
κτίζω , I build , dertón .

κτύπος , blow, trokelíme- krisme.

κτυπώ νide κρούω.
κυβερνώ , Ι govern , steer, kiveris .
κυδώνι, quince, ftua m .
κυδωνια, quince -tree, lisiftókhite.
κυλίω , κυλίζω, I roll, revolve, rukulen .

talás, valendéti,
κύμα, wave,
vále.
κυνήγι , game, chace,
gia m.
κυνηγός , .
hunter , giatuar - avetzi T.
κυνηγώ , I chase , pursue, giuan .
κυπαρίσσι , cypress, selví.
κύριος, master, Zot.

κύρ ,
κυρα
κώλος,
κόπανος,
Sir,
mistress , madam .
culus,
hammer,
aféndem * T. H.

bíthe.

kopán .
...
Λ

λαβαίνω, 1 take, receive , mar .

λαβώνω , I wound , pliankós .

* The word eféndi, well known as a title of rank and respect among the Turks, is derived from the Greek
cibivans, or, as it is more frequently propounced (and often written) by the moderns, apirans.
 328

λαγκάδι , valley , perua.

λαγκόνι, Aank, side, ina, véseat .
λαγούμι, mine (in war ) langém.
λαγος, hare, liépur L.
λάδι , oil , val, vákhi m .
λαδικών, vessel to hold oil , enevághit.
λάθος , error, liakhithi.
λαθαίνω , λαθώνω, I mistake, err , liakhithit.
λαθύρι, pea , módhule.
λαιμός, neck, throat, kiáfe .
λάκκος , ditch, grópe.
λαχτάρα , vehement desire , lakhtarí .
I talk, fliás,
sing (sp. of birds) kentón L.
λαλώ,
play on a musical in
strument, ξε.bie, pan.
λάμπω , I shine, drit.
λαμπάδα , torch, liampádhe.
λάμπρα, splendor, drite.
λαμπρος , splendid, idrítzim .
λαος, people, gint L.-duná T.
λάρυγκας , fauces, grumas .
λάσπη , mud, bálte .

I receive accidentally ,
λαχαίνω,
attain accidentally, } dodherm .

λαχαίνει, it happens, dodhet.

λάχανον , pot-herb liákere .
λάχνος , luck, accident , sort L. skúrteze.
λεβέντης, nimble , pirate, seaman , daí .
λέγω, Ι say, tell, thom-p.
- . tháse.
λειβάδι, meadow , liuat.
I am absent , lipsem ,
λείπω,
I fail , sarin .
 329

λείπει, it is wanting, Tipset.

λειτουργεία, liturgy, mass , mése It .

λειτουργώ, I celebrate mass , meson.

λειχήνα, tetter, cutaneous eruption , urdhe.

λεκάνη, basin , lenkén .
λελέκι, stork , leléke.

λεμόνι , lemon.
λεοντάρι, lion , aslán T.

λέπι , scale (of fish, &c .) khále L. F.

λέπρα, leprosy, lébre.

λεπρός, leper, ilebrósure.

λεπτός, fine, minute, subtil, ikhólle .
λεπτύνω, λιανίζω, I make sinall, fine , khulón, dkhol .
λεχώνα , lying -in woman , lekhone .

λεχωνιά, parturition, lekhonerí.

λιανός , fine, minute, ikhólle.

λιγνός, meagre, slender, ilik, ikhólle .

λιθάρι , stone , gur.
λιθοβολώ , I stone, pelt with stones, lefton me gúre.
λιθοσωρεία, stone-heap, sképur, nalét.
λίμα , famine, excessive hunger, lime, uri -emádhe.
harbour, liman T.
λιμένας,
λίμνη, lake, gió T.
flax , 1i .
λινάρι,
λόγγος, forest, wilderness, pil , pul.
λόγος , word , fiale.

« λοπάζω , λουφάζω, I am silent , khest,* puson.

λουκάνικον, sausage, kolé .
λουλούδι, flower, blossom, liule M.

This word resembles the English hush, the etymology of which is unknown, according to Johnsou.
9 Τ
 330

λύξιγκας,
λούγξιγκας , lékhme.
> sob, hiccough,
λουκτζουκιών ,
λύγγιασμα,
λουρί, thong , strap , rip.
λουφές, pay , hire, lufé .

λούω,
ſ lian , p . liáva or
I wash , bathe,
Σ liákhita.
λουτρόν, bath, khamám T.
λύγδα, lard, dhiáme.
λύκος, wolf, ulk, ukhik .
λύπη , grief, khelm .
λυπώ , I grieve, khelmón .

λύρα, lyre, violí It . m .

λύσσα, rage, madness, terbím .
λυσσιάζω , I am enraged , terbónem .

λύχνος , λυχνάρι, lamp, likhnár .

λυώνω , I dissolve, tres, p . tréta .
λωλός, foolish, imárre.

μαγαζί It. store- house, makazé.

μαγαρίζω, I soil, contaminate, penkén .

μάγειρος, cook , akhdzi T.
μαγειρεύω, I cook, dertón gélle.
μάγος , magician, magistritz.
μαγεία, μαγικόν, magic , witchcraft, mangi.
μάγουλον, cheek , fákie L.
μαδώ, I peel, skin , duk .

μαζί , together, báske.

μαζώνω, I collect , bghéth , p. bódha.
 331

SI learn , tze.
μαθαίνω ,
l I teach, learn, mpson.
μαθητής, learner, disciple, tzirák .
μαϊμού Τ. ape , maimun .
μακραίνω, I lengthen, gíat - liargón L.
μακρύς, μακρυνός, Iong, distant, igiáte, iliárge .
μάλαμα , gold, ar L.
μαλαματένιος, golden , iarte .
μαλί , hair, fleece, les .
μάλιστα, chiefly, certainly, aláime.

μαλώνω, I reprimand, quarrel, kertón .

μάλαμα, dispute, reprimand, kiarte .
μάνα, μητέρα , mother, éme, méme, néne.
μάνδρα, μαντρί, sheep-fold, stan ,

μανδριάζω ,
I collect, fold the flock, bil (bul) de stán.
μαντρίζω,
μανδύλι, μαντήλι, kerchief, destemél, ríze.
μανίκι, sleeve , ménke.
μανιτάρι , mushroom , kepurdhe.
μάνταλος , latch , bar of aa door, mendal.
μαντάτον, message, order, mesditie.
μάντης, prophet, faledzí T.
μαξιλάρι , pillow , cushion, ghiasték.
μαραγκός, carpenter .
μάραθρον, fennel , maráith .
μαργαριτάρι, pearl, margaritár.
μαργιόλος, rogue , cunning, rospól, dinak.
μάρμαρον, marble, mermer.
μαρούλι, lettuce, marúle, saláte It.
μάρτυρας, witness , martyr , sait, ispát.
μασκαράς , buffoon, mashará .
μασσω, [ cliew , mash , pertúp.
μαστίχι, mastic, mastikh.
 332

μάστορας It. mason , artist, miéstre.

μαστραπάς, drinking-jug , mastrapá.
μάταια, in vain, kot .

μάτι, eye , si, su .

ομμάτι , } fountain, krúa.

ve sine, stie sine,

ματιάζω , I regard attentively, vestón .

μαύρος, black, izí .

μαυρίζω, I blacken , tzin .

μαχαίρι, knife, thike.

μαχαλάς Τ . quarter of a town.

μεγάλος, great, ináth, a. imadhi.
μεγαλώνω, e
1 make , becom great, madhó n.

μεθαύριον, the day after to -morrow , pasnéser.

μέθη, drunkenness , tedéghim .
μεθώ, I am drunk, make drunk , dékhem .
>

μειράζω, I divide, distribute, dan .

μειράδι, μερδικον, share, portion, piése.

μελάνι, ink, melán .

μέλι, honey, mialte m .

μέλισσα , bee, bléte.
S bétem , íes, iétem
μένω, I remain,
. béta - p.iéta..
p.
μερί, μηρί, thigh, kófse L.

μερικοί , some ( pl .) tza .

mizedhéft,
μερμίγκι, ant,
milingóre.
μέρος, μεριά, part , side, piése, ane.
μέσα, within , brénta .
μεσημέρι, mid -day, mesedíte.
μεταδοτικός, liberal, generous, dénesi, tzumér.
μέταλλον, metal, madém T.
μετάξι, silk, medávsi m .
μεταξωτός , made of silk, imedávste.
 333

μέτρον, measure , máse, mátes .

μετρώ , I measure , number, mas, numurón .
μέτρια, moderately , me kúar,
μέτωπον, forehead, bále.
μήλον , apple, mólle .

μήνας, month , múakhi.

μηνώ, 1 announce , porosít.

μιζύθρα, new cheese , ghíze.
μικρός, little, ivóngel.
μικρόσωμος, diminutive person , dzutzé T.

m ikén,
μισεύω, I depart , {nisep . ik-a .véte,, ,
μισός , half, mest .

μίσος, hatred, merí, khasmlék.

μισώ, I hate, merzίt , sdna.
μνήμα , tomb, tombstone, varr .

μοίρα, destiny, fortune, bákht T.

μολύβι, lead , pliúmb L.

μολυβένιος, leaden , ipliúmte.
μοναχός , alone, is étem .

μόνον , μοναχά, only, véteme, vetz.

μονοπάτι, foot-path .
μοσχεύω,
μουσκεύω , } I soak, imbibe, nom , giúen .

μόσκος, musk , misk , musk .

μοσκοβολώ ,
μοσχομυρίζω , } I exhale perfumes.
μοσχάρι, μουσκάρι , calf, vitz L.

verás, verít
μουγκρίζω, I moan , bellow , ita ..
. veríkh
p.
μουδιάζω, I stun, benumb, stupify, bin , bikhem .
μούδιασμα , numbness, tebite.
μουλάρι, mule, muske.
 334

μουλώνω, 1 am silent, khest, pusón.

μουνούχος , eunuch, khadém T.

μουνουχίζω, I castrate ,
Ş skopín-
ben khadém .

μουρμουρίζω , I murmur, gumezít.

μουσαφίρης Τ. stranger, guest, musafir.
μουστάκι, nustachio, mustake.
μούστος, must, (of wine) must .

μούτρον, face, countenance , fákie L.

μούχλη , mould , mustiness, muk .
μπαλώνω, I patch , mend, arenón .
μπαρμπέρης Ιt . barber, berbér.
μπαρούτι Τ. gunpowder, barút.

μπασταρδος lt. bastard , dombitz T. dotz.

μπάτζον, Ιι . slap, smack, supliáke.
μπεγεντώ, I deign.
μπεζερίζω, I am disgusted, annoyed .
μπεκιάρης, bachelor.
μπήγω ,
I thrust in, fut H. L. kelas
μπήχνω,
or εμπήγω, set in the ground,, p. kálla .

μπηχτα , by thrusting in, future .

μπογάζι Τ. strait .

μπόγι T. stature , height of a man.

μπούσολας It. mariner's compass.
arm , krakhe,
μπράτζον, It.
measure for cloth, lére.
μυελός, marrow , trιι 1η .

μύγα, fly, mize.

μύλος, mill, muli It . m .
μυλωνάς, miller, mulitzí-paspaliár.
μύξα, mucus, kírre .
μύρον, ointment,
míro, bakhár.
 335

μυρίζω , I smell, am scented, mar ére, bíe ére.

μυρωδιά, odor, ére.

μύτι, nose, khunde.

ναι , ναίσκε, yes, aí .

S kirá -egemise T.
ναύλος, freight, návlo

νέος, young, irí .

νερόν, water, die m.

νεύρον, nerve, del .

νεφρά, reins, loins, véseie, sélia .

S pe m.—a. péni,
νημα, thread,
α . pl. pena .
νήπιον, infant, fósne.

νησί , island , nisi .

νηστεύω, I fast, angerón.

Siuret, ipankrene,
νηστις, νηστικός, fasting,
Langerím .
νίβω, νίβγω, I wash , lián .

νίψιμον, washing, lotion, teliáre..

Sewer, apparatus for wash
νιπτήρι,
Ling the hands.
νίκη , victory, múndeie.
νικώ, I conquer , mund .

νοίκι , rent, kirá T.

νοικοκύρης,
οικοκύρις, }master
mas of the house, zot stepighe.
nom .
νόμος , law ,
νομικός, law ful , inómte , iudese.
νομίζω , I consider, reckon , kitan .

νόπος , fresh , green , inóme, tazé T.

 336

νόστιμος, agreeable, well-flavoured, isísime, ilezétzim.

νοστιμάδα, flavour, lezét .

liangesire, iuzí,
νοτια, humidity, vlazetíre.

νοτίζω , I moisten, Jiangesón .

νούς, mind, understanding, ment L.

mindful, intellectual, iménse.

νοερός,
νταγιαντώ Τ.
I support, ban .
νταγιαντίζω,
night, páte.
νύκτα, νύχτα,
,
νύμφη, {bride
young daughter-in-law,}
, núse .

νυστάζω, I am sleepy.

ξαμώνω, I lay hands upon, ve døre .

fair, (of complexion ) rus L.

ξανθός,
Alaxen, (of hair)
ξαπλώνω , I unfold .

ξαστερώνω, I become serene , kthílem .

ξένος , stranger, ikhúai .
ξενιτεία, foreign country, kurbét.
ξερνώ, I vomit, viel - p. vólla.
ξέρασμα , ξερατόν, vomit, vomiting, teviele.
ξεσχίζω, 1 tear, gris, tzier, p. tzóra.
ξεφαντώνω, I amuse, divert myself, ben zefk T.
ξεχώ, ξεχνώ ,
I forget, kharón .
ξεχάνω ,
ξημερώνει, it is day -light, kthen díta .
ξηπάζω, I terrify, sastís, tremb L.
ξηρός, ξερός, dry, ithate.
ξηραίνω, I make dry, than .
ξίδι, vinegar, uthule.
 337

ξικικός below weight.

ξόμπλι L. example , urnék .
ξουράφι, ξυράφι, razor, briske .
ξουραφίζω , I shave, ruan.

ξύλον , dru m .
wood ,
ξυνός, sour , ithárete.

ξυπνώνω , I awaken , tzgión.

I scratch , krúan,
Εύω,
I scrape , geruen .
ξύστρα, grater, rasp, xístre.

ξυστρί, curry-comb, kres.

όγλύγωρα, quickly, spékht.

όγλύγωρος , quick, hasty, ispékhte.
οδόντι , tooth, dheb.

οκνεύω, I am idle, pertón.

οκταπόδι , χταπόδι, sea-polypus, star - fish, aftapóth .
ολάκαιρος, intire , itére L. It.

ολημέρα , all day, every day.

ολίγον , a little, pak , pákere.

driyosteria, {Ibecome
ολιγοστεύω , idiome deficient,, { pax
. ón .

όλος all, gίthe.

ολόγυρα , all around .
ολόρθος , όρθος , erect, on foot, derék be kémbe.
ολότελα , at all, not at all, khitzfáre.
όλούθεν, from , on every side, kudo.

ομάδι, together, baske .

I speak, . fólia ..
fliás, p.
ομιλώ, { I converse, , kuvendón R.
όμοιος, equal, like, giál, ingiásim .
όμοια, equally, evenly, giál .
Ο
 338

όνειρον , dream , endere.

sokh éndere,
ονειρεύομαι , I dream,
enderón .

όνομα , name, émer .

ονομάζω, I name, kiuan .

ονομάτος, person, individual,, meri .

ονύχι, nail, talon , claw , thúa,-a. thokh.

οπίσσω, behind, prapa, pas.
έργή , anger, zemerím .
enraged , choleric, izemeruar .
οργίλος,
οργυία, fathom , pas L.

οργώνω, I plough, till the ground, lerón.

decree, command, mesditie,
όρδινία , nizam .
order ,
me éndete,
ορέγομαι, I desire, me ka énda,
kam oréx .

όρεξις, appetite, énda,, oréx .

ορίζω, I command, urdherón .

όρκος, oath, be.

ορκώνομαι, ομώνω, I swear, ben be .

όρκώνω, ορκίζω, Ibind by oath, ve be bé .

όρνιθα, hen, púle 1. L. F.

όρρός, creain , khirc .

ορτύκι, quail, skúrteze.

ορφανός, orphan, ghetím .
ορχίδι , testicle , khérdhe.
όσον, as well as ,
sa .
όσοι , as many as,
όσπίτι L. house, stepί .
όσπρον, pulse ( vegetable) gróse .
όστρακον, shell- fish .

ουρα, tail, bist .

 339

ουρανός, Heaven , kiel L. F.

οφίδι, serpent, giárper.
οφρύδι, eye-brow, vatule .

όχεια, όχεντρα , viper, nepérke.

όχι, όχεσκε, Πό, 10, nike .
όψάρι, fish , pesk L.
όψαράς , fisherman , peskadzi .

παβόνι, παγόνι , peacock, palúa m .

παγαίνω, πάγω»ξIg»,
go , véte,-p. vághita.
πηγαίνω, υπάγω,
παγίδα, snare , trap, grátzke.
πάγος, frost, ice, ákul .

παγώνω, I freeze, am frozen , békhem ákul , grin .

παζάρι, market -place, price , pazár T.

παθαίνω, 1 suffer , pesón L.
suffering , passion , pesim ,-khastalék ,
πάθος , semunde
malady , T.

παϊβάνι Τ. fetter for picketing horses, kiostéke.

παιδεύω, I instruct, chastise, mundon.
παιδί , boy , child, diále m .

παίζω, 1 play , p .. liókhita..

liuan, Ρ
lióndre.
παιγνίδι, play, game,
παλαβός , foolish, imarre.

παλαίβω, παλεύω, I wrestle, mundem .

παλαιός, ancient, mótzim, iviéter L.

παλαμάρι, cable.
παλάμη, palm of the hand, pelémbe, supliáke.
παλάτι, palace, seráe T.
παλικάρι, young man , courageous, trim .
παλικαρία , bravery , trimerí.
 340

πάλιν , again, perseri.

παλούκι, παρμάκι, stake, khu m .

παλουχώνω, I empale, ve be khu.

πανηγύρι, feast, fair, panair.
cloth ,, pelkhure,
πανί,
sail, pruth.
πανούκλα , plague, murtáie.
πάντα , πάντοτε, always, kurdó, daima T.
παντού , everywhere, kudó.
παξιμάδι, biscuit, paximath .
παπάς, priest, secular clergyman, prift S.
παπαδιά, priest's wife, priestess, prifterése.
παπλαμούδα , flake, Hike 1. L.
πάπλωμα , coverlet, iorgá T. m .
παπούτζι, slipper, kepútze.
πάππος, grandfather, giús .
παράδεισος, paradise, trenét T.

παρακαλώ , I pray, liutem .

παράμερα, apart.
παραμύθι , fable, tale.
surname .
παρανόμι,
παρθένος, virgin, vírghir L.
παρτίδου , resolve , party , ship.
Spickled meat,fish , &cc..
παστός , pickle for curing meat, Spastremakh.
&c.

πάστρα, cleanliness, neatness, paklék.

παστρεύω, I cleanse , pastrón.
πασχίζω, I endeavour, do myutmost, tzalistís.
πατέρας, father, babá T.at T. also G.
πάτος, bottom , fund L.
πατώ, I tread, skel .
πάτημα , step, tread, giúrme - teskélture.
πατητήρι , stirrup, kanteruset.
 341

πατούνα , sole of the foot.

πάτωμα, story of a house .

παύω , I cease , rest , pusón.
παχύς, fat , imáime, igialture.
παχαίνω, παχύνω, I fatten, become fat, man, giál.
bríme It .
πάχνη , hoar - frost,
manger, stall, grast.
παχνί ,
fúse .
πεδιάδα , plain,
I trip, ( neuter ) penkókhem ,
πεδουκλώνω,
trip up, ( active) penkón.
on foot, kémbes.
πεζός ,
tzbres be kémbe.
και πεζεύω, I dismount,
πεζοδρόμος, foot- messenger .
infantry, kembesíre .
πεζούρα,
hunger, úrete , uri.
πείνα,
me vién uri
πεινώ , I am hungry , uretókhem .

πειράζω, I torment , teaze, gas , -p. gáva .

πείραξις , importunity, persecution , tegáre .
ill-humour, spite, ob inát.
πείσμα , stinacy, }
I cut with a hatchet,
πελεχώ, kdhend .
πελεκώνω, chissel, plane, }
πελεκούδι , chipping, shaving, buiáske.

father -in -law , viékher.

πενθερός,
πεπωνι , melon, piéper.
πέρδικα , partridge, theléze, theléntze.
περιβόλι, garden, gheradine It.
περιγιάλι , sea -shore .
I walk about , étzen - p. étza .
περιπατώ,
περισσός, much , more than enough, súme.
περισσότερον, more .

περιστέρι , pigeon, pelúmbe L.

I take , mar - p. móra.
πέρνω ,
 342

πάρσιμον, taking , capture , temárre.

περνώ , 1I pass,, skon .
πέραμα, passage , place of passing , teskúare .
περόνι, buckle.

περούνι, πηρούνι, fork , pirúa, furkulitze.

πέρυσι, last year ,
viét.
περσινός , of last year , iviénme.
πετάω, πετώ, I Ay, fluturon S.
πέταλον, horse -shoe , potkúa .
πεταλούδα, butterfly , moth , pervane.
πετεινός , cock , kendés, kokós R.
πετζί , skin, hide, leather, lekúre, sol.
πέτρα , stone ,
gur.
πεύκος, pine-tree, borike.
πέφτω , I fall ,
πέσιμον,
bíe -- p.: ráse..
fall , teréne.
πηγάδι, well, pus .
πηγούνι, chin , gúse -ventimiékres.
πήγω , I coagulate, churn, biz.
πηδω , I leap , ketzén .
πηλαλώ , I run, gallop, vrapón.
πηλός , mud, clay, bálte .
πήχη, πήχυς , ell , cubit, kut .
πιάνω , I catch, ze - p. zúra.
πιάνομαι , I am caught, zírem .
πιθαμή , palm , span, pelémbe.
πιθάρι, jar, earthen vase, kip, kiúp.
πίκρα, πρίκα, bitterness, grief , idherím ,
πικρός, bitter , indhere .
πίνω , I drink,
pi - p. pίνα.
πιοτόν, drink , beverage ,
tepίre .
πιπέρι, pepper,
piper.
πίσσα , pitch , tar, píse, sére.
πίστις , faith , trust , bése..
 343

πιστεύω, I believe, besón , inanís T.

πιστός , faithful , imbesese.

πιστικός , shepherd , tzobán T.

πίτα, pie, liakrúar.

πιτακτού, πιταυτού , expressly.

πλάγι, side, terthóre.
πλαγινα, obliquely, on one side, terthóri, be brine.
πλαγιάζω, I lie down, bie bebrine .

πλάθω, I invent, feign, gatuan.

πλάκα, flat stone, tile, plótze.
πλακώνω , ΙI oppress , pliakós .
πλάνη , deceit , error, genéste, duzmé .

πλανώ , I deceive, genén .

πλάτανος, plane-tree, rep.
πλατινα , broadly, widely, gére.
πλατύνω, I widen, make broad , tzgerón.
blex .
πλέχω, I knit, plat,
πλεξούδα, tress, tissue, knitting, kóse, bisk , gerséte.
πλόκαμος ,
πλερώνω, πληρώνω, II pay , pankúan .

πλεύρων, side (of the body),

πλευρά , ribs, } brine.

πληγή, wound, plianke.

πληθάρι, brick, plithár.
πλήθος, multitude, great quantity , sumitze.
in abundance, ból.
πλήθια,
πληθύνω , I multiply, sumetón , sumón .
πλην, except , tútu .

πλησιάζω , I approach , aferókhem .

I adorn , stolis H. R.
πλουμίζω, I embroider , kendís.

tepenkáte
πλούτος , wealth ,
penkatesí.
lián .
πλύνω, I wash,
 344

πνέμα , breath , spíre L.

πνεύμονας, lungs, plemóni .
φλεγμόνι,
πνίγω, I drown , suffocate, but.
ποδάγρα , gout , perdhés .
ποδάρι, foot , kébe.
ποδιά, apron ,
ποδια βουνού , foot of a mountain ,
podhié,, futiá..
rezemalit.

ποκάρι, Heece, baske, les.

πόλεμος , war, battle, liúfte.
πολύς, φι, πολλοί , many, sume .
πόνος, pain, tedhémbure.
πονώ , I am in pain , complain , me dhemb.
ποντίκι , mouse, mi Η .
πόρνος , adulterer, whoremonger, kurvár .
πορνή, whore , putáne It. - kakhpé.
πόρτα , door, pórte.
πόσος , as many , Sa.

ποτάμι, river , liúme m.

πότε ; when ? kur ?
ποτέ, never , kurre.
ποτήρι , cup , drinking vessel, potír, kúpe.
ποτίζω, IΙ water , give to drink , potis - vandít.
πουγγι, purse, kése .
πουλάρι, colt, mes .

πουλί, bird, zok . a,

, zóngu..
πουλώ, I sell, ses - p . síta,.
πούλημα , sale, tesíture .
πούπετες , some where, no where.
πράγμα, thing, ge.
πράσινος, green ,
ghesile.
πράσον , leek,
pres.

πρέπει, it behoves , gián, ughendis,

éste tzaís.

.
 345

πριόνι, saw , sárre .

Şen , p. éra,
πρίσκω, I swell,
Lékhem - p.. uéntza,,
πρίσμα , swelling, ténture .

πρόβατον, sheep , ewe, dele - pl. dhen .

προίκα , pághe It.
προικιών , } dowry ,,
I profit, make progress,
προκόβγω, am successful, νολόρ ».
great grandfather ,
πρόπαππος , ancestor,
} stergius.
προσέτι, more , sequel .
προσκέφαλος , cushion, pillar, ghiasték.
προσκυνώ , I adore, reverence, salute, ifal.
προστάζω , I command , urdherón .

πρότριτα , the day before yesterday, nedíteze.

προχθές,
προψές, the night before last, meniteze.

πρώιμος, ripening early, premature.

πρώτος, first, ipare.
πρώτα , πρωτύτερα, before, páre.
πταίγω, φταίω, I sin , err, feghén.
πτελεά, φτελεί, elm, blin .

πτερνίζομαι , I sneeze , tesetín,

φταρνίζομαι,
πτέρνα, φτέρνα , heel , thémbre.

πτερον, φτερον, wing, krakhe, pénde.

πτύω, φτύω, I spit, mpstún.
πτωχός, φτωχός, poor, beggar, ivárfere .
πυκνός, dense, thick, identure.
πυκνώνω, I thicken, dentesón .
kule T.
πύργος, tower,

πωρικόν, fruit, péme, gheniíse.

2 x
 346

ραβδι , stick, staff, pole, stap , skop.

ραβδίζω , I thresh , rakh me skop.
ρακί, brandy, raki .

ράμφος , beak of aa bird, kep .

ραντίζω , I sprinkle, water, perskát- pursundís.
ράπτω , ράφτω, ΙI sew,, kep , kepen.
ράφτης , tailor, terzí T.
ράμμα, thread , seam , pe m .

ράχη , back, spine, ridge, hill, kurís, brek .

ρεσίτι, quittance.
ρηχος , ford .

ρίζα, root , réne.

ρίζι, rice , oris .

ριζικόν , chance, risque.
ρίχνω , I throw , istie, kheth.
ρόγα , salary , pay , rónke.
ροδάκηνον, peach , piéske L.
ρόδι , ροίδι, pomegranate , sénke.
ρόζος , knot, joint of aa tree, gdhe m .
ρόκα , distaff, fúrke.
ρούγα , path, wrinkle .
ρουθούνι , nostril .
ρουφώ , I absorb, surbίt, gerp .
ρουχαλίζω ,
ρωχαλίζω, } I snore ,
gerkhas- gerkhít .
ρούχον , cloth , tzokhe T.

και
 347

σαβούρα, ballast, savure.

σαγόνι, σιαγόνα, jaw, nófule .

σαΐτα , arrow ,, weaver's shuttle, sengéte.

σακκί , sack, thes.

σαλάτα, sallad , saláte.

σαλεύω, I move , set in motion, tund, levis.

σαλιάγκας, snail, kermíl.
σαλιβάρι, bridle , fre L.

σάλιο, spittle , pstume,, iárnke..

σαμάρι, pack-saddle, samár.
σανίδι, plank, dhónke.

σανόν, hay.
σάπιος, σαπρός, rotten, putrid , ikálbete, ikálbure.
σαπίζω, I rot, make rotten , kalb .

σαπούνι, soap , sapúnd.

σαρακοστή , Lent, fast, krésme.
σαράφης Τ . banker, broker.
σαρώνω, I sweep , mpsén.
σαχάνι, kettle , boiler, sakhane.

σβέρκος, nape of the neck, sverk.

σβύνω, I extinguish, suan .

σειρά , line, radhe R.

termát.
σεισμός, earthquake,
σέλλα , saddle, sále.

σενδόνι, sheet (of bed ).

σεντούκι Τ. box , case , sendúh.
σεπέτι, casket, coffer .
σεργιάνι, diversion, exercise, seir T. , gesdi T.
σέρνω, σύρνω, 1 drag, tzvarit ,

by dragging, trvárre .
συρτά,
 348

σημάδι , mark , note, sign, butt, nisán T.

I make a mark ,,
σημαδεύω,
make a sign , } .
senón .

σήμερον, to-day, Sot .

σημερινός, of, belonging to, to-day, isotme.

σίγουρος, sure , secure .
σίδηρον , iron, khíkur .

σισάμι, sesamum , susám .

σιτάρι , wheat, grúre.
σιωπή, silence,
khésteie, pusiin.
σκάβγω, σκάφτω, II dig , excavate , rmikh .

σκάζω , SI di,,e perish,((generally }pelzés.

applied to Leasts)
σκάλα It. ſladder, stairs, skále,
Cstirrup , uzengi T.
σκαλίζω , 1 scrape, rake, grevís.
σκαμνί, chair, stool, bench, fron H.
σκατόν, merda, stercus, mut .

σκαφίδι, hutch, trough, mánge , gováte .

σκέλος , leg, but 1. L. kófse.
σκεπάζω , I cover, bulión .
σκέπη , cover, lid, roof, bulím .
σκώβγω, σκύφτω, I stoop, lower, un, únem .
σκιάδι, large hat, parasol, sápke.
σκιάζω , I frighten , tremb L.
σκλάβος, slave , prisoner of war, Yop .

σκλαβώνω, I make prisoner, enslave, roberón.

σκληρός, barsh , cruel , ivráze .
σκληρώνω, I harden , fortzókhem .
σκόνη , dust , pliúkhur, tos. S.
σκοντάβω,
I trip, stumble, penkókhem.
σκοντάπτω,
σκοπός, view, aim , intention, takhmín .
 349

σκόρδον, garlick, khudhre.

* σκορπίδι, scorpion, skorpió m .

σκόρπιος , dispersed, perkhápure.
σκορπίζω, [ disperse, per :háp.
σκοτάδι, darkness, eretzire.
σκοτίζω, I am giddy, make giddy, eret zón .
σκοτώνω, I kill , murder, vras - p . vráva .
σκουλαρίκι, ear-ring, pendant, veth .

σκουλήκι , Worm , krib f.

ζdistaff- full, (of cotton ,
σκουλί ,
Pc . Ital. pennecchio,
&c.) } fkólle .

σκουριά, rust, tzgiure.

σκουτέλι, porringer, plate, misur.
σκούφια It. bonnet , cap, kesule.

σκρόφα L. SOW, dóse.

σκύλος , dog, ken H. L.

σμίγω, I mix , join, baskón .

σοβαρός L. severe, serious .

σολδάτος It. soldier, seimén T.

σουβλι, spit, khel .

σοφός, wise, learned, idikhture .

σπάζω , Irend , split, burst, rentzón S.

σπαθί, sword, kórdhe.

σπανάκι L. spinage, spinák.

σπάνιος, rare, irále.

σπανός , thin- bearded , kóse ,

wrappers, swaddling
σπάργανα ,
clothes , } spergén. .
σπάρτος, broom , ( shrub ).
σπειρί, grain, koke .
σπέρνω, Ι sow , biel .

σπόρος , seed, fare.

σπήλαιον, cavern, spilé , spéle.

*
 350

σπίθα, spark .
σπιούνος It. SPY , pergiónes.
σπλήνα , spleen, sprétke.
σπουδή, study, spudhí, spudháxie.
I push , stun ,
σπρώχνω,
στάζω, I drop, distil, pikón.
σταλαγματιά , drop, píke.
σταματώ , I arrest, stop, halt , rest It., kentron .
σταμνί , urn , pitcher, stamne.
dámke .
στάμπα , print, typography ,
με στανιόν, by force , me zi,
σταύλος L. stable, váthe.

σταυρός , cross, krik, kruk L.

σταφίδα , raisin , dried grape, stafidhe .

σταφύλι, grape , rus .

στάχτη, cinders, khi m .

στεγνός, dry, ithate, itérme.

στεγνώνω , I dry , than, ter.
στείρος, barren , istérpe.
στέκομαι, I stand , kentron.
στέλνω, 1 send , dergón.
στενός, narrow , inguste L.
στερεος , firm, solid, ikavísim .

στερεά , land, continent, terra firma,sak, kiví.

στέρνα L. cistern .

στερνάρι , flint of musquet .

στεφάνι, crown, kurore, reth .
στήθος, breast, gióz T.
στηλίδι , sepulchral stone, varr.

στημόνι , Warp, (in weaving ) máie.

στίχημα , Wager, pledge, bast .

στίχος , verse , stikh , radhe R.

στολίδι , ornament, stolí.
1
στόμα, mouth , góie.
 351

στομάχι, stomach, stomakh .

στούμπος , pestle , stipes.
στουμπίζω, I pound, stip , stup.
στουπί , tow, stopple , stupe.
στουπώνω , I stop up, caulk, kalafatis It.
στοχάζομαι, I think,, am of opinion,, mentókhem L.
στοχασμός , thought, mentím , fikir f.
crooked, istrémbere.
στραβός,
blind, kiór T.

στραγγίζω, I strain , squeeze, kulón .

στράτα, road , udhe H.

στρατοκόπος , traveller, udhetar.

στράτευμα ,
στρατια , } army, ordhí T.

στρέφω , I turn ,
στρίφω, 1 twist, }vertit L.

στρίγλος, wizard, magician, magistritz.

στρόγγυλος , round, rumbuláke.
στροφίδι , pivot, hinge, réze.
στρώνω, I strew , strón .

στρώμα , mattrass, bed, testrúare- dusek T.

στύλος, column, dirék .
στυφός, acrid, unripe, iáthete.
στύψη , alum , stipze.
σύγνεφον , cloud , re .

συγχαρώ , I pardon , have mercy upou , deghén .

συκάμινον , mulberry, man .

σύκον , fig , fik L.

συκώτι, liver, meltzí .
συκώνου , I rise, raise, gre - p . grikhita .
συμμα , near , áfer, bráne .
συμμώτερα , nearer , máfer .

compassionate , con
συμπαθώ, dhempsón .
descend,
 352

συμφωνώ, I agree, accord, ughindis.

συμώνω, I am near, approach, nkásem, aferókhem .
συνάζω , I assemble .

συνάγχη , rheum , cold, kóle S.

συνήθεια, custom , zakón , alés.
συνηθίζω , I am accustomed , alestís .

συρίζω, I whistle, verselén .

συχαίνομαι, I hate , dókhem ---festin.

συχνά, frequently, dénture.

σφάζω, I slay, slaughter, ther.

σφαιρα , sphere, globe, top T.
SI err,, mistake,, liakhithít.
σφάλλω, 2 commit a fault,
feghén.
σφάλμα, fault, fakhi.
σφάλνω, σφαλίζω, I shut, fasten , bul, bulín,
σφενδόνι , sling, khobé .

σφεντάμι, maple, don .

σφήκα, Wasp .
σφήνα, wedge, púkhike.
σφίγγω, I squeeze, bind, compress, stergón .
σφουγγάρι, spunge , sungér.
σφυρί, hammer , tzekán.

σχίζω, I split , tear , gris, tzan .

σχοινί , rope, cord, giálme.
σχολείον, school , skolió .

σχολνώ , I rest, am at leisure,

skolás.
σχολάζω, have a holiday , .
I attain, finish, am
σώνω, SOS .
sufficient,
σωρός, heap, pirk, kipί.
σωστός, just, exact, itére - itamámte T.
 353

I nourisli , feed , kon .

ταγίζω,
τακίμι Τ . horse furniture, takém .

ταμπάκος, tobacco .
( military expedition, kurbét.
ταξίδι,
Lvoyage,,
τάξις, order, tax, radlhe R.

ταπεινός, humble, itapinósur.

ταράζω, I agitate, disturb, tund, terdít.
τάχα, perhaps, vále, belkim T.
ταχυνός , quick, ispékhte.
τέλος , tesósure R.
end ,
τελειώνω, I finish, complete, barón, sos .
τέντα, tent, ténde, tzadér T.
τεντώνω, I extend, expand, grekh .
τέρι, equal , fellow . gial.
τεριάζω, I couple , assort , ughindís.
τέτοιος, such , iketil .

art, zanát T.
τέχνη ,
τζακίζω , I break, thúen-p. théva .
Ζc .
τζακώνω, I catch, seize,
τζαλαπατώ, I tread under foot.

τζάμι, pane of glass.

τζεκούρι L. hatcliet, sepáte.
hoop, bandage, reth , kérthel.
τζέρκι,
τζέφλι, shell , rind , levésge.
τζίμπλα, blearedness of the eyes, shlépe.
I pinch , peck , tzimbís.
τζιμπώ,
τζίντζηρας , cricket , ginkále.
τζίντζιφον, jujube, (fruit, It. zizziba ) tzint: ife.
9 Y
 354

τζουκάλι, earthen pot, pótze 1. L. F.

τζουκνίδα , nettle , kitleth .
τηγάνι , frying-pan, tigán .
τηγανίτα, fritter, pancake.
τηλύγω, τυλύσσω, I envelope , Wrap , mstiel .
τηλυγάδι , reel , msteleie .
τιμή , honor, der f.
τιμόνι, rudder, temón ,
τινάζω, I shake, tund, skund.
τίποτα, τίποτες , nothing,, khítzge, gekafsi.
τοίχος, Wall, mur L.
Swalls, fortification of
τοιχόκαστρο , kiutét.
a town , & c }
τομάρι, hide, leather, lekure.
τόπος, place, vent - pl. víse.
τόσον , so much ,
τόσοι , so many , :
} kak.
τότε, then , atekhére .
τούβλον, brick, tuvle.
I turn Turk , békhem turk,
τουρκεύω , Mahometan , musulmanis.
τουφέκι , musket , dufék .

τραβώ , I draw , khek .

τράγος, τραγι, goat , skap.
τραγούδι , song, kénke.
τραγουδώ, I sing , kentón L.
τρανός , great, imáth .
I make great, become
τρανεύω, rítem .
great ,
τραντάφυλλον,
τριαντάφυλλον, } rose , trendafil.

τραπέζι, table . truése, sufre T.

τράχηλος, neck, sverk , kiáfe.
τρελός, mad, foolish, imarre.
 355

τρέμω, 1 tremble , dridhem - p.udrótze.

τρόμος, τρομάρα, terror , frike.

τρέφω, I nourish , uskén .

τρέχω, I run , tur, vrapón.
τριβέλι, τριπάνι , gimblet, screw , turióle.
τρίβω, τρίβγω, I rub, triturate, stip, ferkón .
τριγύρου , around .

τριγυρίζω, I go round about, encircle, rethon , kerthelón .

τρίζω, I creak , tzfertzellín, kertzés.
τρίχα, hair, kínie.

τροχός , wheel , róte L.

τρύγος, vintage, teviélet .

τρυγώ, I gather in the vintage, viél.
τρυγόνι, dove, turtul.

τρύπα, hole , vére .

τρυπώ, I pierce, perforate , tipon .

τρώγω, I eat, gnaw , consume, kha - p. khénkra .
τυπώνω , I print , ve be dámke.
τυρί, cheese , diatlie.
τυφλός, blind , ivérbere, kibr T.
τύχη , chance, fortune, bakht T., fat L.
τώρα, BOW, taní, tast .

T
r

υβρίζω, I revile, affront, abuse, san .

υβρισία , abuse, injury, tesáre.

υγία , health , sendét f.

υγρός, moist , iliánkete .

υδροσιά, moisture , liankesire.

ύδρώνω, I sweat , dersin .

vios , son, bir .

 S56

ύνη , plough -share, viéghe.

υπανδρεία , marriage, martím .
υπερησία, service, khusmét T.
υπερήφανος , proud, fundul .
ύπνος , sleep, giúme.
υπόδημα , boot, tzísme T.
υποκάμησον, shirt , kemíse 1. L. It.
ύστερα, afterwards, pazendái — pastákh .
ύστερινός, last, ipastághem .
υφαίνω, ΙI weave,,
ben pelkhúre.
υφάδι , web, woven stuff, tetiárre, ind.
υφαντής , Weaver, kad :.
υψηλός , high, iliarte .

φαγί, food, meat , gélle.

φαίνομαι, ΙI appear,,
dúkem - p. dotze .
φακή, lentil , thier f .
φαλάγγι , spider, miremánke.
φαλακρός, bald, kríe -kungul.
φαμιλιά , family , femie.
φανάρι, lanthorn , fenér .
φανερά, evidently, asikiáre T.
φαρδύς, large, wide, ingére.
φάρδος, breadth , tengére.
φαρμάκι, poison , farmák.
φεγγάρι, moon , khéne.
φέγγω, I shine, enlighten, drit .
φειδωλός, parsimonious, covetous , kursúer, nerkés .
φέρνω, síel p. sólla,
I lead, bear,
φέρω,
p . prúra.
bie p.
φεύγω, I flee, depart, ikén .
 357

φευγάτος, fugitive.
φήμη, renown , nam L.

I arrive, attain, am
φθάνω, arin .
suflicient,
autumn .
φθινόπωρον,
φθόνος, envy, khasét.

φιλεύω, 1 treat, regale, gostit.

φίλος, friend, mik L.

φιλία, friendship , mikerí.

φλάμπουρον, standard, colors, bairak T.

φλέβα, vein , del .

φλόγα, flame, fiánge .

φλογέρα, pipe, Aute, fúel.

φλούδι, bark .

φόβος, fear, frike.

φοβούμαι, I am afraid, trembém H.

! khurma T.
φοινίκι, date, (fruit)
φοιτίλι , φτύλι , wick of lamp, of candle , fitil.
φόνος , murder, vráscie.
φονιάς, murderer , kavlí.
time, turn, khére.
φορά,
φοράδα, mare, péle.
Φορώ, I wear, put on , (as dress) ban .
φόρεμα, habit, dress, róbe F.

φορτώνω, I load , garkon I. L.

φόρτωμα, load , cargo , bárre .

φουκάλι, broom , brush .

φούντα, tuft, tassel, Aake, izulufe R.

φούρνος L. oven , furre.

furtúne.
φουρτούνα, tempest,
σουσάτον, army, camp, ordhi.

φούσκα , bladder , mpsíkeze, plúske.

φουσκώνω, I swell, en .

φουσκι, manure .
 358

φράζω, 2 IΙ fence, ben gártha,

φράσσω, enclose , stop up , thur .
φράχτη, hedge, garth .
φρόνιμος , prudent, iúrte.
φροντίδα , Care .

φρύγανα , buslies , féret.

φτενός, small, thin , poor , ikhólle.
φτηνά , cheaply, lir.

φτιάνω, I construct, prepare , dertón .

φτιάρι, spade,, shovel,, mattock,, liopáte ..
φυλάγω, I guard , preserve , ruan — p. rúaita.
φυλακή, guard, guard -house.
φύλλον, leaf, Aléte.
φυσέκι, cartridge , sky-rocket.
φύσις , nature , sói m .
φυσώ, φυσάω , I blow , frun .
φυτών , plant, péme, lis.
φυτρώνω, I bud , blossom , sprout, bi.
φωλεά, nest, den, folé, strófke.
φωνή , voice , ze mm .

φωνάζω, I exclaim , S therés -

p . thíra. theríkhita.
φως, light, drite.
φωτιά, fire,
ziám -— a., ziáre..
Φωτεινός, luminqus, idritzim.

χαϊδεύω, I Caress ,
perkedhél .
χαΐδι, caress ,
perkedhele.
χαιρετώ, I salute,
χαίρομαι , I rejoice, gezókhem .
χαλάζι, hail , brésere m.
 359

χαλεύω, I seek, desire, kerkón 1. L. It .

χαλίκι, flint, khalidz.
χαλινάρι , bridle, horse- bit, fre L.

χαλκιάς , smith , worker in metal, kovádz.

χάλκωμα , copper, bakér .

χαλνώ, χαλώ, I spoil, ruin, pris.

χαμηλός , low , iúnete.

χαμηλώνω, I lower , un .

χαντάκι , ditch . khendek.

χάνω, I lose, Ş khumbás,,

|
p.khumba.
χαρίζω, I grant, make a present, dhurón H.
χαροποιός, agreeable, joyful, ilezétzim .
χαρτί , paper , kárte.

χάσκω, I open the mouth , gape, khap góiene.

χασμουριούμαι , ΙI yawn, being sleepy, &c . gonkesín .
χασομερώ ,
I loiter, lose time.
χασομερίζω,
χάψι Τ. prison, dungeon, khaps.
χέζω, ταco, dhiés.

χείλι, lip, búze.

χειμώνας, winter, bad weather, storm , dímere m .

χειρότερος, worse , me ikék .
χέλι, eel , giále.
χελιδόνι, swallow , delendúse .

χελώνα, tortoise, bréske.

χέρι, hand, dore.

χήνα, goose , páte.

χήρα, widow, orphan, evé .
χιόνι , snow , dbore.

χλιμιτρώ,
χρεμετίζω, } I neigh, khingelín.

χλωρά, fresh , inóme.

χοίρος, boar , derr .

 360

Γbile ,, verér,
χολή , gall, belt .
idráse.
χονδρός , χοντρός , tlick, big ,
χονδραίνω , dras .
χοντρεύω,
} 1 swell, make big.,
khoratá .
χορατόν, joke,
dance, balle.
χορός,
I dance, liuan balle .
χορεύω,
I satiate, gop , gin ,
χορταίνω, I am satisfied, ginein.
χορτάρι, grass,

χόρτον, herb ,
} bar,

I exclaim, cry, therés .

χρυγιάζω,
χουζούρι Τ . repose ,, comfort.
liúnke.
χουλιάρι, spoon ,
want, necessity, liazém T., iftizá T.
χρεία ,
SI have need, lipsem ,
χρειάζομαι, ben liazém .
am necessary,
debt, duty, bórdz T.
χρέος,
χρησιμεύω, I am useful, veghén.
χρίζω, χρίω, I anoint, lúen , kretmón .
χρόνος, χρονιά, year , mot.

χρυσάφι, χρυσό, gold , ar L.

golden, iarte.
χρύσος,
χρώμα, color, bóie T.

χυδαίος, vulgar.
1 spill, pour , derth .
χύνω,
earth , land, dhe .
χωμα,
χωνεύω, I digest, khonéps.
fut .
χώνω, I hide, get in,
χώρα , town , mpsat .
χωράφι , field, cultivated land, áre L.

χωριάτης , peasant, mpsatár.

χωριών, village.

Ι
1
 361

separately, vet :
χώρια,
I separate , dan .
χωρίζω,
χωρώ, I contain , am contained , tze.
1

1
ψάθα, mat, ronkós.

ψαλίδα, scissars, gersére.

ψαλλα, I sing hymns, mpsal.
S the lean part of flesh tul.
ψαχνών, { meat ,
louse, mor .
ψείρα ,
ψεύδος, ψεύμα, lie, falsehood, genéste.
ψεύδομαι, I lie, genén .
yaaru, ze me dore .
ψηλαφίζω , } I feel, touch , handle,
S piák - p. póka,
ψήνω, I roast,
part. piékure.
ψιλος, little, thin, subtile, ikhólle.

iza, adv. a trifle, a little, ne tzíke, pákeze.

ψύχα, crumb, mite, theríme.

ψούνι, chase ofhousehold } psıní,teblére.

{ purnecessaries,
ψουνίζω , I make purchases, make ?
ble, psunis.
ψωνίζω, provision by purchase, }
I die (speaking of a beast) gorth, psofís.
ψοφίμι, carrion, gordhesire, kérme.
ψύλλος, fica , plest.
‫ ויציץ‬, soul, spirt L.
ψυχικόν , charity, seváp T.
cold , ftókhete .
ψύχρα,
war membrum virile, háre .
2 2
 362

ψωμί , bread, buke .

ψώρα, itch , mange, tzgébe, skébe L.

ώμος , shoulder, sup .

ώμος, raw, ipapiékure, kham .

hour, sakhát T.
ώρα ,
ripe, jarine.
ώριμος,
ωρολόγο, watch, sakhát T., óre R.
ωφελώ, I succour, am useful, veghén.
ωφέλεια, succour, veghím.